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Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of the Near East

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Listed here are notable ethnic groups and populations from Western Asia, Egypt and South Caucasus by human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups based on relevant studies. The samples are taken from individuals identified with the ethnic and linguistic designations in the first two columns, the third column gives the sample size studied, and the other columns give the percentage of the particular haplogroup. (IE = Indo-European, AA = Afro-Asiatic) Some old studies conducted in the early 2000s regarded several haplogroups as one haplogroup, e.g. I, G and sometimes J were haplogroup 2, so conversion sometimes may lead to unsubstantial frequencies below.

Table

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Population Language (if specified) n E G I  J L N R1a R1b T Reference
Afro-Iranians IE (Iranian, West) 12 33.3 0 0 16.6 8.3 0 16.7 16.7 0 Grugni12[1]
Arabs (Bedouin) AA (Semitic) 32 18.7 0 6.3 65.6 0 0 9.4 0 0 Nebel2001[2]
Arabs (Egypt) AA (Semitic) 147 39.5 8.8 0.7 32 0 0 2.7 4.1 8.2 Luis2004[3]
Arabs (Egypt) AA (Semitic) 370 46.8 5.7 0.5 27.6 0.8 0 2.2 5.9 6.2 Bekada2013[4]
Arabs (Egypt) AA (Semitic) 92 46.8 2.2 1.1 22.8 0 0 0 5.4 7.6 Wood2005[5]
Arabs (Egypt) AA (Semitic) 147 38 9 1 31 0 0 3 2 8 AbuAmero2009[6]
Arabs (Egypt) AA (Semitic) 35 68.6 0 0 31.4 0 0 0 0 0 Kujanová2009[7]
Arabs (Egypt - South) AA (Semitic) 47 78.7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Trombetta2015[8]
Arabs (Egypt - North) AA (Semitic) 49 42.9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Trombetta2015[8]
Arabs (Egypt) AA (Semitic) 44 51.3 0 0 18.2 0 0 2.3 9.9 0 Arredi2004[9]
Arabs (Iran – Khuzestan) AA (Semitic) 57 3.6 21.1 0 58 1.8 0 3.5 5.2 0 Grugni12[1]
Arabs (Iraq) AA (Semitic) 9.2 0 0 50.6 0 0 0 0 0 Semino2004[10]
Arabs (Iraq) AA (Semitic) 254 14.9 2.7 1.6 57.4 2.4 0.4 6.3 5.9 2 Lazim2020[11]
Arabs (Jordan) AA (Semitic) 146 26 4.1 3.4 43.8 0 0 1.4 17.8 0 AbuAmero2009[12]
Arabs (Jordan – Amman) AA (Semitic) 101 17.8 5.9 4.9 56.4 0 0 1.9 5.9 0 Flores2005[13]
Arabs (Jordan- Dead Sea) AA (Semitic) 45 44.5 0 0 15.5 0 0 0 40 0 Flores2005[13]
Arabs (Kuwait – Bedouin) AA (Semitic) 148 6.6 3.4 0 84 0 0 6.7 1.3 0 Mohammad2010[14]
Arabs (Oman) AA (Semitic) 121 23.1 1.7 0 47.9 0.8 0 9.1 1.7 8.3 Luis2004[3]
Arabs (Palestine – Muslim) AA (Semitic) 143 20.3 7 6.3 55.2 0 0 1.4 8.4 1.4 Nebel2001[2]
Arabs (Palestine – Christian) AA (Semitic) 44 31.8 11.3 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 Fernandes2011[15]
Arabs (Qatar) AA (Semitic) 72 8.4 2.8 0 66.7 2.8 0 6.9 1.4 0 Cadenas2008[16]
Arabs (Saudi Arabia) AA (Semitic) 157 15.2 3.2 0 58 1.9 0 5.1 1.9 5.1 AbuAmero2009[12]
Arabs (Syria) AA (Semitic) 20 10 0 5 30 0 0 10 15 0 Semino2000[17]
Arabs (Syria) AA (Semitic) 520 13.5 5.5 2 55.7 0 0 5.2 4.5 0 Zalloua2008[18] & El-Sibai2009[19]
Yemeni (Soqotra) AA (Semitic) 63 9 0 0 85.7 0 0 1.6 0 0 Cerny2009[20]
Arabs (UAE) AA (Semitic) 164 16.1 4.3 0 45.1 3 0 7.3 4.3 4.9 Cadenas2008[16]
Arabs (Yemen) AA (Semitic) 62 16.1 1.6 0 82.3 0 0 0 0 0 Cadenas2008[16]
Arabs (Yemen) AA (Semitic) 46 17.3 2.1 0 73.9 0 0 4.3 0 0 Haber2019[21]
Armenians IE (Armenian) 89 3.4 0 0 29.2 0 3.4 5.6 24.7 0 Rosser2000[22]
Armenians IE (Armenian) 100 6 11 5 24 0 0 6 19 0 Nasidze2004[23]
Armenians IE (Armenian) 734 5.4 0 0 0 1.6 0 5.3 32.4 0 Weale2001[24]
Armenians (Iran – Tehran) IE (Armenian) 34 5.8 20.5 5.8 32.3 2.9 0 2.9 23.5 0 Grugni12[1]
Assyrians (Iran) AA (Semitic) 48 4.2 8.3 0 29.2 0 0 8.3 29.2 8.3 Grugni 2012[25]
Assyrians (Iran – Tehran) AA (Semitic) 9 22.2 11.1 0 11.1 0 0 0 55.6 0 Grugni 2012[25]
Assyrians (Iran – West Azerbaijan) AA (Semitic) 39 0 7.7 0 33.4 0 0 10.3 23.1 10.3 Grugni12[1]
Azerbaijanis Turkic 72 6 18 3 31 0 0 7 11 0 Nasidze2004[23]
Azerbaijanis Turkic 97 4.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cruciani2004[26]
Azerbaijanis (Iran – West Azerbaijan) Turkic 63 11 8 0 27.2 3.2 1.6 19 17.5 7.9 Grugni12[1]
Baloch IE (Iranian, NW) 25 8 0 0 16 24 0 28 8 0 Sengupta2006[27]
Baloch IE (Iranian, NW) 24 4.2 4.2 0 41.6 16.6 0 25 0 0 Grugni12[1]
Berbers (Egypt) AA (Berber) 93 18.5 3.2 0 14 0 0 0 28 0 Dugoujon2009[28]
Copts (Egypt) AA (Egyptian) 100 74 7 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 Crubézy2010[29]
Chechens Caucasian (North East) 330 0 5.4 0.3 77.6 7 0 3.9 1.8 0 Balanovsky 2011[30]
Cypriots IE (Greek) 45 27 0 0 0 0 0 2 9 0 Rosser2000[22]
Dargins Caucasian (North East) 68 0 2.9 0 94.1 0 0 0 2.9 0 Yunusbayev2012[31]
Dargins (Kaitaks) Caucasian (North East) 33 0 0 0 88.1 0 0 3.3 6.7 0 Balanovsky 2011[30]
Dargins (Kubachis) Caucasian (North East) 65 0 0 1.5 98.5 0 0 0 0 0 Balanovsky 2011[30]
Druze AA (Semitic) 28 14.3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cruciani2004[26]
Druze AA (Semitic) 329 18.8 12.4 0.6 33.4 6.3 0 1.5 14.5 0 Marshall2016[32] & Behar2010
Georgians Caucasian (South) 63 0 30.1 0 36.5 1.6 0 7.9 14.3 1.6 Semino2000[17]
Georgians Caucasian (South) 66 3 31.8 1.5 36.4 1.5 0 10.6 9.1 1.5 Battaglia2008[33]
Gilaks IE (Iranian, NW) 64 3.2 15.7 1.6 36 4.8 0 9.4 20.4 0 Grugni12[1]
Ingush Caucasian (North East) 143 0 1.5 0.7 91.6 2.8 0 3.5 0 0 Balanovsky 2011[30]
Iranians (Bondar) IE (Iranian, NW) 131 14.6 8.5 0.8 16.8 9.9 0 22.2 8.4 3.1 Grugni12[1]
Iranians (Qeshm) IE (Iranian, NW) 44 2 10.1 0 42.8 8.2 0 20.4 0 4.1 Grugni12[1]
Iranians (North Iran) IE (Iranian, West) 33 0 15.2 0 33.3 3 6.1 6.1 15.2 0 Regueiro2006[34]
Iranians (South Iran) IE (Iranian, West) 117 6.8 12.8 0 35 6 0.9 16.2 6 3.4 Regueiro2006[34]
Iranians IE (Iranian, West) 130 4.6 5.4 24.6 13.8 0 0 19.2 4.6 0 Nasidze2004[23]
Iranians 938 8.8 11.7 0.5 31.4 5 0.1 14.3 10.1 3.4 Grugni2012[25]
Iraqis 203 11.8 2.5 0.5 57.6 1 1 6.9 10.8 5.9 Abu A. 2009[12]
Jews (Ashkenazi) AA (Semitic) 79 22.8 3.8 6.3 43 0 0 12.7 11.4 0 Nebel2001[2]
Jews (Ashkenazi) AA (Semitic) 442 19.9 9.7 4.1 38 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 Behar2004.[35]
Jews (Ashkenazi) AA (Semitic) 737 16.1 9.8 3.0 35.9
J1: 15%
J2: 21% 		1.2 0.2 4.2 11.5
M267:8% 		2.7 Hammer et al 2009[36][37] Non-Levites or Cohanim.
Jews (Kurdish) AA (Semitic) 95 12.1 19.2 6.1 37.4 1 0 4 20.2 0 Nebel2001[2]
Jews (Sephardic) AA (Semitic) 78 19.2 7.7 11.5 28.2 0 0 3.9 29.5 0 Nebel2001[2]
Jews (Tunisian) AA (Semitic) 34 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 Manni et al. (2005)[38]
Kurds (Iran) IE (Iranian, NW) 59 20.4 11.9 1.7 28.9 1.7 0 20.3 1.7 0 Grugni12[1]
Kurds (Northern Iraq) IE (Iranian, NW) 95 7.4 4.2 16.8 40 3.2 0 11.6 16.8 0 Nebel2001[2]
Arabs (Lebanon) AA (Semitic) 1,403 16.9 6.7 3.3 47.2 4.8 2 7.7 4.3 Platt2021[39][40]
Lurs IE (Iranian, SW) 50 11.8 15.7 0 23.6 3.9 0 5.9 23.5 3.9 Grugni12[1]
Mazandarenis IE (Iranian, NW) 70 5.6 20.9 0 40.3 1.4 0 11.1 4.2 0 Grugni12[1]
Parsis (India – Lay) IE (Iranian, SW) 122 5.7 0 0 54.9 2.5 0 5.7 0 0 López2017[41]
Parsis (India – Priest) IE (Iranian, SW) 71 1.4 0 0 4.2 54.9 0 0 0 0 López2017[41]
Parsis (Iran – Lay) IE (Iranian, SW) 76 11.8 0 0 55.3 1.3 0 5.3 0 0 López2017[41]
Parsis (Iran – Priest) IE (Iranian, SW) 8 0 0 0 50 0 0 12.5 0 0 López2017[41]
Parsis (Iran – Tehran) IE (Iranian, SW) 13 30.8 0 0 38.5 0 0 0 23.1 0 Grugni12[1]
Parsis (Iran – Yazd) IE (Iranian, SW) 34 14.7 5.9 0 41 5.9 0 17.6 2.9 0 Grugni12[1]
Persians (Iran – Fars) IE (Iranian, NW) 44 13.7 9.2 0 36.3 6.8 0 4.5 11.4 6.8 Grugni12[1]
Persians (Iran – Isfahan) IE (Iranian, SW) 11 0 0 9.1 54.6 0 0 18.2 0 0 Grugni12[1]
Persians (Iran – Khurasan) IE (Iranian, SW) 59 3.4 13.6 0 23.8 3.4 0 22 6.8 5.1 Grugni12[1]
Persians (Iran – Yazd) IE (Iranian, SW) 46 10.7 14.9 0 36.2 4.2 0 12.8 4.3 6.4 Grugni12[1]
Samaritans (Tribe of Levi) AA (Semitic) 2 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Oefner2013[42]
Samaritans (Tribe of Joseph) AA (Semitic) 10 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 Oefner2013[42]
Turkmen Turkic 68 4.3 5.7 0 14.3 5.8 0 14.5 4.3 1.4 Grugni12[1]
Turks Turkic 523 11.3 10.9 5.4 33.3 4.2 3.8 6.9 16.1 2.5 Cinnioglu2004[43]
Turks Turkic 741 5.1 33.3 Rootsi2004[44]
Turks Turkic 167 10.2 0 0 32.9 0 2.4 4.8 20.4 0 Rosser2000[22]
Turks Turkic 59 13.6 8.5 6.8 30.5 0 0 11.9 20.3 1.7 Sanchez2005[45]
Turks (Central Anatolia) Turkic 61 6.6 Pericic2005[46]
Turks (Istanbul) Turkic 13 24.7 Semino2004[10]
Turks (Konya) Turkic 14.5 31.8 Semino2004[10]
Turks (Cypriot) Turkic 46 13 Cruciani2004[26]
Turks (Southeastern) Turkic 24 4.2 Cruciani2004[26]
Turks (Erzurum) Turkic 25 4 Cruciani2004[26]

See also

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References

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  37. ^ Orher items of note: R2 at 6.1%, Q at 4.7%
  38. ^ Manni, F.; Leonardi, P.; Patin, É; Berrebi, A.; Khodjet el Khil, H.; Skorecki, K.; Rosengarten, D.; Rouba, H.; Heyer, E.; Fellous, M. (2005-06-01). "A Y-chromosome portrait of the population of Jerba (Tunisia) to elucidate its complex demographic history". Bulletins et mémoires de la Société d'Anthropologie de Paris. 17 (1–2): 103–114. doi:10.4000/bmsap.956. ISSN 0037-8984.
  39. ^ Platt (2021). "Autosomal genetics and Y-chromosome haplogroup L1b-M317 reveal Mount Lebanon Maronites as a persistently non-emigrating population". Eur J Hum Genet. 29 (4): 581–592. doi:10.1038/s41431-020-00765-x. PMC 8182888. PMID 33273712.
  40. ^ Platt, Daniel E.; Artinian, Hovig; Mouzaya, Francis; Khalil, Wissam; Kamar, Francois G.; Matisoo-Smith, Elizabeth; Calafell, Francesc; Taleb, Nassim Nicolas; Zalloua, Pierre (April 2021). "Autosomal genetics and Y-chromosome haplogroup L1b-M317 reveal Mount Lebanon Maronites as a persistently non-emigrating population". Eur J Hum Genet. 29 (4): 581–592. doi:10.1038/s41431-020-00765-x. PMC 8182888. PMID 33273712.
  41. ^ a b c d López, Saioa; Thomas, Mark G.; van Dorp, Lucy; Ansari-Pour, Naser; Stewart, Sarah; Jones, Abigail L.; Jelinek, Erik; Chikhi, Lounès; Parfitt, Tudor; Bradman, Neil; Weale, Michael E. (2017-09-07). "The Genetic Legacy of Zoroastrianism in Iran and India: Insights into Population Structure, Gene Flow, and Selection". American Journal of Human Genetics. 101 (3): 353–368. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2017.07.013. ISSN 0002-9297. PMC 5590844. PMID 28844488.
  42. ^ a b Oefner, Peter J.; Hölzi, Georg; Shen, Piedong; Shpirer, Isaac; Gefel, Dov; Lavi, Tal; Woolf, Eilon; Cohen, Jonathan; Cinnioglu, Cengiz; Underhill, Peter A.; Rosenberg, Noah A. (December 2013). "Genetics and the history of the Samaritans: Y-chromosomal microsatellites and genetic affinity between Samaritans and Cohanim". Human Biology. 85 (6): 825–858. doi:10.3378/027.085.0601. ISSN 1534-6617. PMID 25079122. S2CID 12701469.
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  44. ^ Rootsi S, Magri C, Kivisild T, Benuzzi G, Help H, Bermisheva M, et al. (July 2004). "Phylogeography of Y-chromosome haplogroup I reveals distinct domains of prehistoric gene flow in europe". American Journal of Human Genetics. 75 (1): 128–37. doi:10.1086/422196. PMC 1181996. PMID 15162323.
  45. ^ Sanchez JJ, Hallenberg C, Børsting C, Hernandez A, Morling N (July 2005). "High frequencies of Y chromosome lineages characterized by E3b1, DYS19-11, DYS392-12 in Somali males". European Journal of Human Genetics. 13 (7): 856–66. doi:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201390. PMID 15756297.
  46. ^ Pericić M, Lauc LB, Klarić IM, Rootsi S, Janićijevic B, Rudan I, et al. (October 2005). "High-resolution phylogenetic analysis of southeastern Europe traces major episodes of paternal gene flow among Slavic populations". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 22 (10): 1964–75. doi:10.1093/molbev/msi185. PMID 15944443.
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