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Wind power in North Carolina

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2003 US Department of Energy wind resource map of North Carolina
Experimental NASA wind turbine on Howard's Knob in Boone (1978-1983)

Wind power in North Carolina is found along the coastal areas in the east and mountain regions in the western part of the state.[1] The state has significant offshore wind resources. In 2015, small scale wind turbine projects were found throughout the state. In 2016, North Carolina's first large scale wind project, and the first in the southeastern U.S., was completed near Elizabeth City.[2][3]

In 2019, North Carolina had an installed wind capacity of 208 MW.[4]

NASA wind turbine

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In 1977, the Federal Energy Research and Development Administration and the Department of Energy announced that Howard Knob had been selected as the site for an experimental wind turbine, which was later built by General Electric in October 1978. The project was part of a surge in renewable energy research which began under then-President Jimmy Carter. The turbine, formally known as MOD-1, was managed by NASA and operated by Blue Ridge Electric Membership Corporation. It stood 131 feet (40 m) tall and had two 97-foot (30 m) long steel blades that rotated counterclockwise at 35 miles per hour (56 km/h). It was designed to power 300 to 500 average-sized homes, given wind speeds of 25 miles per hour (40 km/h).[5]

Permitting of Wind Energy Facilities

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The Permitting of Wind Energy Facilities law enacted in 2013 requires the state Department of Environment and Natural Resources to issue a permit before a wind energy operation can begin, providing a framework to assist wind developers in identifying suitable locations for wind energy facilities outlines and the steps that follow in the permitting process.[6][7]

Land-based

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Wind for Schools

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Sponsored by the Department of Energy, the Wind for Schools program has installed small scale wind turbines for educational use at schools throughout state to encourages the incorporation of renewable energy education into the K-12 science curriculum. Appalachian State installed four turbines in 2011 at schools in the mountains including Alleghany High, Avery High, Watauga High, & North Wilkes Middle. Five turbines were installed on the coast at JP Knapp, Cape Hatteras Secondary School, First Flight High School, as well at the College of The Albemarle at Dare and at Edenton.[8] Progress Energy Carolinas sponsored the 2-kilowatt wind turbine at Hot Springs Elementary School, another at Madison High School, and a third at the Madison County Cooperative Extension Office.[9]

Amazon Wind Farm East

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The Desert Wind Wind Energy Project proposed by Atlantic Wind was completed in 2016. The project comprises 104 wind turbines (208 MW) within a 2,513-acre portion of a 24,242-acre review area located 7.5 miles west of Elizabeth City.[10][11][12][13][3]

Off-shore

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Capacity

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In 2009, on behalf of the North Carolina General Assembly the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill conducted a 9-month study to assess the feasibility of installing wind turbines in the sounds and off the coast of North Carolina.[14] In June 2010, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory found that North Carolina had the largest resource potential of any state on the East Coast with had 297 GW of offshore wind capacity within 50 miles of the coast.[15]

Offshore Wind Energy Areas (WEA)

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In 2014, the U.S. Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) defined three wind energy areas offshore total approximately 307,590 acres (1,244.8 km2), for potential commercial wind energy development. They are Kitty Hawk Wind Energy Areas (122,405 acres (495.36 km2)), the Wilmington West Wind Energy Areas (51,595 acres (208.80 km2)) and the Wilmington East Wind Energy Areas (133,590 acres (540.6 km2)).[16]

BOEM wind energy lease area WEA Leaseholder/Developer/Utility Capacity
(MW) 		Turbines Approvals Refs
Outer Continental Shelf
OCS-A 0508[17]		 Kitty Hawk WEA:122,405 acres (49,536 ha)24 nm from shore and extends approximately 25.7 nm in a general southeast direction. Its seaward extent ranges from 13.5 nm in the north to .6 nm in the south
Wilmington West WEA:51,595 acres (20,880 ha)- 10 nm from shore and extends approximately 12.3 nm in an east-west direction at its widest point
Wilmington East WEA-133,590 acres (54,060 ha) 15 nm from Bald Head Island at its closest point and extends approximately 18 nm in the southeast direction at its widest point		 Avangrid [18]

Additional wind studies

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In 2015 the University of North Carolina (UNC) at Chapel Hill will deploy two large buoys 20 miles (32 km) offshore of the coast and 40 miles (64 km) north and southwest from Cape Hatteras to capture wind, temperature and barometric pressure data for ongoing research on offshore wind energy.

Wind generation

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North Carolina Wind Generation (GWh, Million kWh)
Year Total Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
2016 6 6
2017 469 25 43 53 57 49 35 28 25 40 38 28 48
2018 542 58 56 67 64 44 22 30 24 28 42 57 50
2019 523 54 47 58 57 40 38 27 23 29 42 51 57
2020 545 61 55 63 64 55 42 24 22 33 32 39 55
2021 505 46 57 60 51 40 28 30 17 30 44 56 46
2022 117 64 53
Source:[19]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "WINDExchange: North Carolina Wind Resource Map and Wind Potential Capacity". energy.gov. Retrieved 20 May 2015.
  2. ^ "North Carolina's first Wind Farm".
  3. ^ a b "Amazon to Flip the Switch on Massive Wind Project in North Carolina". December 28, 2016.
  4. ^ "WINDExchange: Wind Energy in North Carolina". windexchange.energy.gov.
  5. ^ "Watauga Democrat: Howard's Knob evolves with Watauga". Retrieved 2011-09-10.
  6. ^ "Governor Pat McCrory signs wind energy bill into law in support of "all-of-the-above" energy plan". state.nc.us. Retrieved 20 May 2015.
  7. ^ "AN ACT TO ESTABLISH A PERMITTING PROGRAM FOR THE SITING AND OPERATION OF WIND ENERGY FACILITIES" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-05-21. Retrieved 2023-10-07.
  8. ^ "Wind For Schools". appstate.edu. Retrieved 20 May 2015.
  9. ^ "Wind Energy". duke-energy.com. Retrieved 20 May 2015.
  10. ^ Jeff Hampton. "Construction begins near Elizabeth City on largest wind farm in southeastern U.S." Archived from the original on 2016-04-08.
  11. ^ "Desert Wind LLC, Wind Energy Project, Northeastern NC (Regulatory)" (PDF). Retrieved 2023-10-07.
  12. ^ "This wind farm has a chance". ncsu.edu. Retrieved 20 May 2015.
  13. ^ "N.C. wind projects stalled; buyers, activists blamed | HamptonRoads.com | PilotOnline.com". Archived from the original on 2015-05-21.
  14. ^ "Coastal Wind Energy Study". Archived from the original on 2015-05-21.
  15. ^ "North Carolina Opportunities - Offshore Wind Businesses" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-05-21. Retrieved 2015-05-20.
  16. ^ "BOEM Defines Three Wind Energy Areas Off North Carolina". Offshore Wind. 12 August 2014. Retrieved 20 May 2015.
  17. ^ "Kitty Hawk North Wind Project | Bureau of Ocean Energy Management". www.boem.gov.
  18. ^ "Avangrid Begins Surveys Offshore North Carolina". July 2019.
  19. ^ "Electricity Data Browser". U.S. Department of Energy. March 28, 2018. Retrieved August 29, 2021.
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