User:Miracusaurs/List of non-avian dinosaur species
Dinosaurs are a diverse group of reptiles that comprise at least one thousand non-avian species and more than ten thousand avian species, also known as birds. Dinosaurs were first recognized as a group by Richard Owen by 1842, who named it to include the fossil taxa Megalosaurus, Iguanodon, and Hylaeosaurus.[1] Birds, which are the only living dinosaurs, were not recognized as part of this group until later.
Scope
[edit]This list covers every Mesozoic non-avialan dinosaur species that is currently considered valid. Dinosaurs are currently phylogenetically defined as all members of the clade composed of the most recent common ancestor of theropods, sauropodomorphs, and ornithischians, and all of its descendants;[2] however, this list will exclude members of Avialae, which is phylogenetically defined as all taxa more closely related to modern birds than to dromaeosaurids or troodontids.[3] However, taxa which are currently disputed to be non-avian dinosaurs (in lieu of being non-dinosaurian dinosauriforms or basal avialans), such as herrerasaurids, Archaeopteryx, and Balaur, are also included for convenience.
The concepts of which taxa are valid, dubious, and invalid are subjective. For this list, valid genera are defined as all genera listed on List of dinosaur genera that do not have a note attached to them and do not redirect to another page; their taxoboxes should also be set to within Dinosauria. Dubious genera are those who have notes but do not redirect, as well as those labeled as nomina dubia or potentially synonymous in the literature. Invalid genera are redirects or genera who have susequently been reinterpreted as being non-dinosaurian. On the other hand, dubious or invalid species are those which are written with question marks or quotation marks on the genus' page.
The list
[edit]The following is a list of all Mesozoic non-avian dinosaur species that are currently considered valid, as well as other taxa that have been synonymized in recent years. The list contains the following information:
- Genus: The genus a taxon represents, accompanied by a citation to the description paper, with a link if possible.
- Species: The species within a given genus.
- Authors: The authors who named the species. If a given combination was not the original one, the authors for the current combination will be given first, followed by the original describers of the species.
- Year: The year a species' description was physically published. If a given combination was not the original one, the year for the current combination will be given first, then the original.
- Holotype: The name-bearing specimen of a species.
- Formation: The geological formation/s where the species' fossils were found.
- Age: The geological epoch and age when the fossils date to.
- Location: The countries and first-level administrative divisions where the fossils were found.
- Validity: The validity of a species; in addition to labels, dubious and invalid species will have gray cells.
- Classification: The current classification a species is assigned to. Ranks are to be taken from a classification scheme devised by Justin Tweet.[4]
- Notes: An interesting tidbit of information about the species, or notes clarifying other aspects of the table.
- Skeletal elements: Images of a skeletal element or a skeletal diagram of the species.
- Life restoration: A life restoration of the species.
- Comments: Personal comments about the diagrams and/or restorations.
Genus | Species | Authors | Year | Holotype | Formation | Age | Location | Validity | Classification | Notes | Skeletal elements | Life restoration | Comments |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aardonyx Yates et al., 2010[5] |
Aardonyx celestae | Yates, Bonnan, Neveling, Chinsamy, & Blackbeard | 2010[5] | BP/1/6254;[a] BP/1/6505[5][nb 1] | Upper Elliot Formation | Sinemurian–Pliensbachian, Early Jurassic[6] | South Africa ( Free State) |
Valid | Sauropodiformes[7] | Preserves adaptations for both bipedal and quadrupedal locomotion | |||
Abdarainurus Averianov & Lopatin, 2020[8] |
Abdarainurus barsboldi | Averianov & Lopatin | 2020[8] | PIN[b] 5669/1[8] | Alagteeg Formation | Santonian–Campanian,[9] Late Cretaceous | Mongolia ( Ömnögovi) |
Valid | Somphospondyli[8] | May represent a unique lineage of Asian macronarians, potentially titanosaurs | Silhouette is too generic | ||
Abditosaurus Vila et al., 2022[10] |
Abditosaurus kuehnei | Vila, Sellés, Moreno-Azanza, Razzolini, Gil-Delgado, Canudo, & Galobart | 2022[10] | MNCN[c] coll.; MCD[d] coll.[10] | Conques Formation | Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous[10] | Spain ( Catalonia) |
Valid | Titanosauria[10] | Larger and distantly related to native European titanosaurs | Wattle may be too speculative and/or brightly colored | ||
Abelisaurus Bonaparte & Novas, 1985[11] |
Abelisaurus comahuensis | Bonaparte & Novas | 1985[11] | MC[e] 11098[11] | Allen Formation?[12]/Anacleto Formation? | Campanian, Late Cretaceous[12] | Argentina ( Río Negro) |
Valid | Abelisauridae[11] | Only known from a single partial skull | |||
Abrictosaurus Hopson, 1975[13] |
Abrictosaurus consors | Hopson (Thulborn) | 1975[13] (1974)[14][nb 2] | BMNH[f] RUB54[15][nb 3] | Upper Elliot Formation | Sinemurian–Pliensbachian, Early Jurassic[6] | Lesotho (Qacha's Nek)[nb 4][16] South Africa ( Eastern Cape) |
Valid | Heterodontosauridae[13] | Known from two skulls, one of which possesses tusks; this may or may not be an example of sexual dimorphism[17] | Life restoration has too few filaments (cf. Tianyulong) | ||
Abrosaurus Ouyang, 1989[18] |
Abrosaurus dongpoi[nb 5] | Ouyang | 1989[18] | ZDM[h] 5033[18] | Xiashaximiao Formation | Bathonian[20]–Oxfordian,[21] Middle–Late Jurassic | China (Sichuan) |
Valid | Sauropoda[22] | Had unusually large nasal openings in its skull | |||
Abydosaurus Chure et al., 2010[23] |
Abydosaurus mcintoshi | Chure, Britt, Whitlock, & Wilson | 2010[23] | DINO[i] 16488[23] | Cedar Mountain Formation | Albian, Early Cretaceous[23] | United States ( Utah) |
Valid | Brachiosauridae[23] | Had a domed skull very similar to that of Giraffatitan despite living millions of years later | Life restoration does not match skull proportions | ||
Acantholipan Rivera-Sylva et al., 2018[24] |
Acantholipan gonzalezi | Rivera-Sylva, Frey, Stinnesbeck, Carbot-Chanona, Sanchez-Uribe, & Guzmán-Gutiérrez | 2018[24] | CPC[j] 272[24] | Pen Formation | Santonian, Late Cretaceous[24] | Mexico ( Coahuila) |
Valid | Nodosauridae[24] | Known to possess spike-like osteoderms | Something feels off about the positioning of the legs | ||
Acanthopholis Huxley, 1867[25] |
Acanthopholis horrida[nb 6] | Huxley | 1867[25] | GSM[a] 109045-109053, 109055-109057[27] | Chalk Group[28] | Cenomanian, Late Cretaceous[27] | United Kingdom ( England) |
Dubious[29] | Nodosauridae | Possessed keeled oval scutes as well as long spines | |||
Achelousaurus Sampson, 1995[30] |
Achelousaurus horneri | Sampson | 1995[30][nb 7] | MOR[k] 485[30] | Two Medicine Formation | Campanian, Late Cretaceous[32] | United States ( Montana) |
Valid | Pachyrhinosaurini[33] | Combines long spikes on its frill with a thick nasal boss, possibly an indication of an anagenetic transition between pachyrhinosaurins[33] | |||
Acheroraptor Evans et al., 2013[34] |
Acheroraptor temertyorum | Evans, Larson, & Currie | 2013[34] | ROM[l] 63777[34] | Hell Creek Formation | Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous[34] | United States ( Montana) |
Valid | Eudromaeosauria[35] | One of the geologically youngest dromaeosaurids | Skeletal diagram lacks secondary feathers; restoration may appear as a Jurassic Park-styled dinosaur on some devices | ||
Achillesaurus Martinelli & Vera, 2007[36] |
Achillesaurus manazzonei | Martinelli & Vera | 2007[36] | MACN-PV-RN[m] 1116[36] | Bajo de la Carpa Formation | Santonian, Late Cretaceous[36] | Argentina ( Río Negro) |
Dubious[37] | Alvarezsauridae[37] | Potentially synonymous with Alvarezsaurus[37] | |||
Achillobator Perle et al., 1999[38] |
Achillobator giganticus | Perle, Norell, & Clark | 1999[38] | MNUFR[n]-15[38] | Bayan Shireh Formation | Cenomanian–Santonian, Late Cretaceous[39] | Mongolia ( Dornogovi) |
Valid | Eudromaeosauria[40] | Had short limbs and powerful muscles, suggesting a lack of cursoriality[41] | |||
Acristavus Gates et al., 2011[42] |
Acristavus gagslarsoni | Gates, Horner, Hanna, & Nelson | 2011[42] | MOR[k] 1155[42] | Two Medicine Formation[nb 4] Wahweap Formation |
Campanian, Late Cretaceous[42] | United States ( Montana[nb 4] Utah) |
Valid | Brachylophosaurini[43] | Unusually for a hadrosaurid, it lacked ornamentation on its skull | Life restoration is shrinkwrapped around the nose | ||
Acrocanthosaurus Stovall & Langston, 1950[44] |
Acrocanthosaurus atokensis | Stovall & Langston | 1950[44] | OMNH[o] 10146/10147 | Antlers Formation[44][nb 4] Arundel Formation?[45] Cloverly Formation?[46] Glen Rose Formation?[47] Twin Mountains Formation[48] |
Aptian–Cenomanian,[49] Early–Late Cretaceous | United States ( Arizona?[50] Maryland? Oklahoma[nb 4] Texas? Wyoming) |
Valid | Carcharodontosauridae[51] | Possessed enlarged vertebral neural spines which may have supported a low sail or hump in life[44] | Feathers on life restoration may be too big | ||
Acrotholus Evans et al., 2013[52] |
Acrotholus audeti | Evans, Schott, Larson, Brown, & Ryan | 2013[52] | TMP[p] 2008.045.0001; ROM[l] 2962[52] | Milk River Formation | Santonian, Late Cretaceous[52] | Canada ( Alberta) |
Valid | Pachycephalosauria[52] | Had a tall, oval-shaped dome | Legs look somewhat off | ||
Adamantisaurus Santucci & Bertini, 2006[53] |
Adamantisaurus mezzalirai | Santucci & Bertini | 2006[53] | MUGEO[q] 1282, 1289, 1295[53] | Adamantina Formation | Campanian–Maastrichtian?,[54] Late Cretaceous | Brazil ( São Paulo) |
Valid | Titanosauria[55] | Its vertebrae had a ball-and-socket articulation, indicating a derived position within the Titanosauria[53] | |||
Adasaurus Barsbold, 1983[56] |
Adasaurus mongoliensis | Barsbold | 1983[56] | MPC-D[r] 100/20 | Nemegt Formation | Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous[57] | Mongolia ( Ömnögovi) |
Valid | Eudromaeosauria[58] | Its "sickle claw" was markedly reduced, suggesting it was used with less frequency than other deinonychosaurs[59] | Restoration may appear as a Jurassic Park-styled dinosaur on some devices | ||
Adelolophus Gates et al., 2014[60] |
Adelolophus hutchisoni | Gates, Jinnah, Levitt, & Getty | 2014[60] | UCMP[s] 152028[60] | Wahweap Formation | Campanian, Late Cretaceous[61] | United States ( Utah) |
Valid | Parasaurolophini[62] | May have been closely related to Tlatolophus[62] | If a parasaurolophin then its crest may have been more arc-shaped | ||
Adeopapposaurus Martínez, 2009[63] |
Adeopapposaurus mognai | Martínez | 2009[63] | PVSJ[t]610[63] | Cañón del Colorado Formation | Indeterminate, Early Jurassic | Argentina ( San Juan) |
Valid | Massospondylidae[7] | May have had a keratinous beak based on the shape of its jaw bones | Restoration lacks a keratinous beak | ||
Adratiklit Maidment et al., 2020[64] |
Adratiklit boulahfa | Maidment, Raven, Ouarhache, & Barrett | 2020[64] | NHMUK[f] PV R37366[64] | El Mers II Formation | Bathonian, Middle Jurassic[64] | Morocco (Fès-Meknès) |
Valid | Stegosauridae[64] | The oldest known stegosaur; closely related to Late Jurassic European stegosaurs despite its early age[64] | |||
Adynomosaurus Prieto-Márquez et al., 2019[65] |
Adynomosaurus arcanus | Prieto-Márquez, Fondevilla, Sellés, Wagner, & Galobart | 2019[65] | MCD[d] 7125[65] | Conques Formation | Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous[65] | Spain ( Catalonia) |
Valid | Lambeosaurinae[62] | Possessed a weakly developed shoulder blade with reduced musculature[65] | Lacks a hoof-like claw on the manus similar to Edmontosaurus annectens | ||
Aegyptosaurus Stromer, 1932[66] |
Aegyptosaurus baharijensis | Stromer | 1932[66] | 1912VIII61 | Bahariya Formation | Cenomanian, Late Cretaceous[67] | Egypt ( Giza Governorate) |
Valid | Titanosauria[68] | Its holotype was destroyed in World War II; several fragments have been collected from Egypt and Niger since but their referral to Aegyptosaurus cannot be confirmed[69][70] | |||
Aeolosaurus Powell, 1987[71] |
Aeolosaurus colhuehuapensis | Casal, Martínez, Luna, Sciutto, & Lamanna | 2007[72] | UNPSJB-PV[u] 959/1; 959/27[72] | Lago Colhué Huapí Formation[73] | Campanian–Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous | Argentina ( Chubut) |
Valid | Titanosauria[74] | Only known from twenty-one caudal vertebrae | |||
Aeolosaurus rionegrinus | Powell | 1987[71] | MJG[a] R-1 | Angostura Colorada Formation | Campanian–Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous | Argentina ( Río Negro) |
Valid | Titanosauria[74] | Definitively known from only the holotype; other remains assigned to this genus and/or species cannot be confidently referred | ||||
Aepisaurus Gervais, 1852[75] |
Aepisaurus elephantinus | Gervais | 1852[75] | MNHN[v] 1868-242[76] | Grès vert | Albian, Early Cretaceous[76] | France ( Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur) |
Dubious[22] | Eusauropoda[70] | The only known humerus shares some features with Camarasaurus and brachiosaurids[77] | |||
Aepyornithomimus Chinzorig et al., 2017[78] |
Aepyornithomimus tugrikinensis | Chinzorig, Kobayashi, Tsogtbaatar, Currie, Watabe, & Barsbold | 2017[78] | MPC-D[r] 100/130[78] | Djadochta Formation | Campanian,[9] Late Cretaceous | Mongolia ( Ömnögovi) |
Valid | Ornithomimidae[78] | Its presence in the Djadochta Formation indicates that ornithomimosaurs could survive in arid environments[78] | Feathers on life restoration do not match what is known for ornithomimids (e.g. Ornithomimus edmontonicus) | ||
Aerosteon Sereno et al., 2009[79] |
Aerosteon riocoloradensis[nb 8] | Sereno, Martinez, Wilson, Varricchio, Alcober, & Larsson | 2009[79][nb 9] | MCNA[w]-PV-3137[79] | Anacleto Formation[79][nb 10] | Campanian, Late Cretaceous | Argentina ( Mendoza) |
Valid | Megaraptora[82] | Its bones were extremely pneumatized, suggesting an air sac system similar to that of modern birds[79] | |||
Afromimus Sereno, 2017[83] |
Afromimus tenerensis | Sereno | 2017[83] | MNBH[x] GAD112[83] | Elrhaz Formation | Aptian–Albian,[83] Early Cretaceous | Niger (Agadez Region) |
Valid | Abelisauroidea[84] | Originally described as an ornithomimosaur[83] | |||
Afrovenator Sereno et al., 1994[85] |
Afrovenator abakensis | Sereno, Wilson, Larsson, Dutheil, & Sues | 1994[85] | UC[y] OBA 1[85] | Tiourarén Formation | Bathonian–Oxfordian,[86] Middle–Late Jurassic | Niger (Agadez Region) |
Valid | Megalosauridae[87] | Originally thought to hail from the Early Cretaceous | |||
Agathaumas Cope, 1872[88] |
Agathaumas sylvestris | Cope | 1872[88] | AMNH[z] 4000[89] | Lance Formation | Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous | United States ( Wyoming) |
Dubious[90] | Ceratopsidae[90] | A well-known painting by Charles Knight is based on remains now thought to belong to multiple taxa[91] | |||
Agilisaurus Peng, 1990[92] |
Agilisaurus louderbacki | Peng | 1990[92] | ZDM[h]T6011[15] | Xiashaximiao Formation | Bathonian[20]–Oxfordian,[21] Middle–Late Jurassic | China (Sichuan) |
Valid | Neornithischia[15] | The holotype was discovered during the construction of the Zigong Dinosaur Museum | |||
Agrosaurus Seeley, 1891[93] |
Agrosaurus macgillivrayi | Seeley | 1891[93] | BMNH[f] 49984 | Magnesian Conglomerate[94] | Rhaetian, Late Triassic | United Kingdom ( England) |
Dubious | Sauropodomorpha | Originally thought to be from Australia,[95] although it is probably a misidentified Thecodontosaurus from England | |||
Agujaceratops Lucas et al., 2006[96] |
Agujaceratops mariscalensis | Lucas, Sullivan, & Hunt (Lehman) | 2006[96] (1989)[97][nb 11] | UTEP[aa] P.37.7.086[96] | Aguja Formation | Campanian, Late Cretaceous[98] | United States ( Texas) |
Valid | Chasmosaurinae[99] | More similar to Pentaceratops than species of Chasmosaurus, supporting its referral to a unique genus[96] | |||
Agujaceratops mavericus | Lehman, Wick, & Barnes | 2016[99] | TMM[ab] 43098-1[99] | Aguja Formation | Campanian, Late Cretaceous[98] | United States ( Texas) |
Valid | Chasmosaurinae[99] | Recovered from inland floodplain deposits, in contrast to A. mariscalensis which is known from coastal deposits, suggesting a difference in ecology[99] | ||||
Agustinia Bonaparte, 1999[100] |
Agustinia ligabuei | Bonaparte | 1999[100] | MCF-PVPH[ac]-110[100] | Lohan Cura Formation | Aptian, Early Cretaceous[100] | Argentina ( Neuquén) |
Valid | Rebbachisauridae[101] | Originally described as having long, stegosaur-like spikes, but these turned out to be misidentifications of other bones[102] | |||
Ahshislepelta Burns & Sullivan, 2011[103] |
Ahshislepelta minor | Burns & Sullivan | 2011[103] | SMP[ad] VP-1930[103] | Kirtland Formation | Campanian, Late Cretaceous[103] | United States ( New Mexico) |
Valid | Ankylosauria[24][104] | Disputed to be either an ankylosaurid or a nodosaurid | Restoration seems to favor a nodosaurid identity | ||
Ajkaceratops Ősi et al., 2010[105] |
Ajkaceratops kozmai | Ősi, Butler, & Weishampel | 2010[105] | MTM[ae] V2009.192.1[105] | Csehbánya Formation | Santonian, Late Cretaceous[105] | Hungary ( Veszprém County) |
Valid | Neoceratopsia[105] | Its ancestors may have migrated from Asia via island-hopping[105] | |||
Ajnabia Longrich et al., 2021[106] |
Ajnabia odysseus | Longrich, Suberbiola, Pyron, & Jalil | 2021[106] | MHNM[af].KHG.222[106] | Ouled Abdoun Basin | Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous[106] | Morocco (Béni Mellal-Khénifra) |
Valid | Lambeosaurinae[106] | The first hadrosaurid known from Africa; closely related to European forms[106] | |||
Akainacephalus Wiersma & Irmis, 2018[104] |
Akainacephalus johnsoni | Wiersma & Irmis | 2018[104] | UMNH[ag] VP 20202[104] | Kaiparowits Formation | Campanian, Late Cretaceous[104] | United States ( Utah) |
Valid | Ankylosaurinae[104] | A majority of the skeleton is known, including the entire skull | Rump of life restoration may be too sloping | ||
Alamosaurus Gilmore, 1922[107] |
Alamosaurus sanjuanensis | Gilmore | 1922[107] | USNM[ah] 10486/10487[107] | Black Peaks Formation[108] El Picacho Formation[108] Evanston Formation?[109] Javelina Formation[108] North Horn Formation[108] Ojo Alamo Formation[107][nb 4][nb 12] |
Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous[110] | United States ( New Mexico[nb 4] Utah Texas Wyoming?) |
Valid | Titanosauria[111] | The largest dinosaur known from North America, comparable in size to South American titanosaurs[112] | |||
Alaskacephale Sullivan, 2006[113] |
Alaskacephale gangloffi | Sullivan | 2006[113] | UAMAK[ai]-493-V-001[113] | Prince Creek Formation | Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous[114] | United States ( Alaska) |
Valid | Pachycephalosauria[115] | Had a characteristic array of polygonal nodes on its squamosal | Ossified tendons mean tail probably could not be raised that high | ||
Albalophosaurus Ohashi & Barrett, 2009[116] |
Albalophosaurus yamaguchiorum | Ohashi & Barrett | 2009[116] | SBEI[aj] 176[116] | Kuwajima Formation | Valanginian–Hauterivian, Early Cretaceous[116] | Japan ( Ishikawa Prefecture) |
Valid | Ceratopsia[117] | Only known from fragments of a skull | |||
Albertaceratops Ryan, 2007[118] |
Albertaceratops nesmoi | Ryan | 2007[118] | TMP[p] 2001.26.1[118] | Oldman Formation | Campanian, Late Cretaceous[119] | Canada ( Alberta) |
Valid | Centrosaurinae[120] | Unusually for a centrosaurine, it possessed elongated brow horns | Topmost epiparietals on life restoration may be too small | ||
Albertadromeus Brown et al., 2013[119] |
Albertadromeus syntarsus | Brown, Evans, Ryan, & Russell | 2013[119] | TMP[p] 2009.037.0044[119] | Oldman Formation | Campanian, Late Cretaceous[119] | Canada ( Alberta) |
Valid | Orodrominae[119] | May have had a cursorial lifestyle[119] | Lacks feathers as known from other small-bodies ornithischians (e.g. Kulindadromeus) | ||
Albertavenator Evans et al., 2017[121] |
Albertavenator curriei | Evans, Cullen, Larson, & Rego | 2017[121] | TMP[p] 1993.105.0001[121] | Horseshoe Canyon Formation | Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous[122] | Canada ( Alberta) |
Valid | Troodontidae[121] | Its discovery suggests that the diversity of smaller dinosaurs may be higher than previously thought | |||
Albertonykus Longrich & Currie, 2009[123] |
Albertonykus borealis | Longrich & Currie | 2009[123] | TMP[p] 2001.45.91[123] | Horseshoe Canyon Formation | Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous[122] | Canada ( Alberta) |
Valid | Alvarezsauridae[123] | May have preyed on wood-boring termites, as fossil wood from the type locality frequently contains borings[123] | May need to be more muscular at the tail base | ||
Albertosaurus Osborn, 1905[124] |
Albertosaurus sarcophagus | Osborn | 1905[124] | CMN[ak] 5600/5601[125] | Horseshoe Canyon Formation | Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous[122] | Canada ( Alberta)[nb 13] |
Valid | Tyrannosauridae[127] | Up to twenty-six individuals were reported from one site, making it the largest concentration of large theropods from the Cretaceous[128] | Life restoration appears to be based on juvenile Gorgosaurus (cf. Hartman online) | ||
Albinykus Nesbitt et al., 2011[129] |
Albinykus baatar | Nesbitt, Clarke, Turner, & Norell | 2011[129] | IGM[al] 100/3004[129] | Javkhlant Formation | Santonian–Campanian, Late Cretaceous[129] | Mongolia ( Dornogovi) |
Valid | Alvarezsauridae[129] | Preserved in a sitting position not unlike that of modern birds[129] | Lacks feathers and possibly more muscle around the tail base | ||
Alcovasaurus Galton & Carpenter, 2016[130] |
Alcovasaurus longispinus | Galton & Carpenter (Gilmore) | 2016[130] (1914)[131][nb 14] | UW[am] 20503[nb 15][130] | Morrison Formation | Kimmeridgian–Tithonian, Late Jurassic[130] | United States ( Wyoming) |
Dubious | Stegosauridae[132] | Potentially a second species of the otherwise European Miragaia[132] | |||
Alectrosaurus Gilmore, 1933[133] |
Alectrosaurus olseni | Gilmore | 1933[133] | AMNH[z] 6554 | Bayan Shireh Formation?[134] Iren Dabasu Formation[133][nb 4] |
Cenomanian[135]–Santonian?,[39] Late Cretaceous | China (Inner Mongolia)[nb 4] Mongolia ( Dornogovi)? |
Valid | Tyrannosauroidea[126] | Had long legs which may be an adaptation to pursuit predation[136] | |||
Aletopelta Ford & Kirkland, 2001[137] |
Aletopelta coombsi | Ford & Kirkland | 2001[137] | SDNHM[an] 33909[137] | Point Loma Formation | Campanian, Late Cretaceous[137] | United States ( California) |
Valid | Ankylosauria[138][139] | Would have lived in present-day Mexico; its fossils were only found in California due to the shifting of tectonic plates[137] | Restoration depicts an ankylosaurine identity, although phylogenetic analyses variously place it as either a basal ankylosaurid or a nodosaurid | ||
Algoasaurus Broom, 1904[140] |
Algoasaurus bauri | Broom | 1904[140] | AMNH[z] 5631; SAM[ao]-PK-K1500?[141][nb 16] | Kirkwood Formation | Berriasian–Hauterivian?,[141] Early Cretaceous | South Africa ( Eastern Cape) |
Dubious | Eusauropoda[141] | Today only known from very few bones; several were turned into bricks before they could be studied | |||
Alioramus Kurzanov, 1976[142] |
Alioramus altai | Brusatte, Carr, Erickson, Bever, & Norell | 2009[57] | IGM[al] 100/1844[57] | Nemegt Formation | Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous[57] | Mongolia ( Ömnögovi) |
Valid | Tyrannosauridae[143] | Its discovery helped elucidate the affinities of Alioramus | Feathers may need to be trimmed a little (cf. A. remotus illustration below) | ||
Alioramus remotus | Kurzanov | 1976[142] | PIN[b] 3141/1[142] | Nemegt Formation | Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous[57] | Mongolia ( Ömnögovi) |
Valid | Tyrannosauridae[143] | Possessed an elongated snout with two rows of bumps |
See also
[edit]- List of dinosaur genera
- List of sauropod species
- List of African dinosaurs
- List of Asian dinosaurs
- List of European dinosaurs
- List of Indian and Madagascan dinosaurs
- List of North American dinosaurs
- List of South American dinosaurs
- List of Australian and Antarctic dinosaurs
Institutional abbreviations
[edit]- ^ a b c unknown
- ^ a b Borissiak Palaeontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- ^ Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid, Spain
- ^ a b Museo de la Conca Dellà, Isona, Spain
- ^ Museo de Cipolletti, Cipolletti, Argentina
- ^ a b c Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
- ^ University College London, London, United Kingdom
- ^ a b Zigong Dinosaur Museum, Zigong, China
- ^ Dinosaur National Monument, United States
- ^ Colección Paleontológica de Coahuila, Museo del Desierto, Saltillo, Mexico
- ^ a b Museum of the Rockies, Bozeman, United States
- ^ a b Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Canada
- ^ Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardo Rivadavia", Colección Río Negro, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- ^ Mongolian National University, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
- ^ Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History, Norman, Oklahoma, United States
- ^ a b c d e Royal Tyrell Museum of Palaeontology, Drumheller, Canada
- ^ Museo Geológico Valdemar Lefèvre, São Paulo, Brazil
- ^ a b Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
- ^ University of California Museum of Paleontology, Berkeley, California, United States
- ^ Instituto y Museo de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de San Juan, San Juan, Argentina
- ^ Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco, Comodoro Rivadavia, Argentina
- ^ Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, France
- ^ Museo de Ciencias Naturales y Antropológicas (J. C. Moyano) de Mendoza, Mendoza, Argentina
- ^ Musée National Boubou Hama, Niamey, Niger
- ^ University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
- ^ a b c American Museum of Natural History, New York City, United States
- ^ University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, United States
- ^ Vertebrate Paleontology Laboratory, Jackson School of Geosciences (formerly Texas Memorial Museum), Austin, United States
- ^ Museo Carmen Funes, Plaza Huincul, Argentina
- ^ State Museum of Pennsylvania, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, United States
- ^ Magyar Természettudományi Múzeum, Budapest, Hungary
- ^ Marrakech Museum of Natural History, Marrakech, Morocco
- ^ Natural History Museum of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States
- ^ National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., United States
- ^ University of Alaska Museum, Fairbanks, United States
- ^ Shiramine Board of Education, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan
- ^ Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, Canada
- ^ a b Mongolian Institute of Geology, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
- ^ a b University of Wyoming, Laramie, United States
- ^ San Diego Natural History Museum, San Diego, United States
- ^ Iziko South African Museum, Cape Town, South Africa
Notes
[edit]- ^ Despite being found away from the holotype, it may represent the same bone[5]
- ^ as Lycorhinus consors
- ^ Formerly UCL[g] B54[13]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Holotype locality
- ^ Originally described as Abrosaurus dongpoensis; corrected by Peng & Shu, 1999[19]
- ^ Originally described as Acanthopholis horridus; corrected by Woodward, 1890[26]
- ^ Although often credited to Sampson (1994),[31] this is a conference abstract, which is not considered a valid avenue for naming a new genus
- ^ This name is gramatically incorrect and should be corrected to Aerosteon riocoloradense; although this spelling has appeared on several Internet sites, it has not been used in the literature
- ^ Despite its publication being published online in 2008, the ICZN did not consider online publications to be valid on that date; it was only corrected the following year, so the correct publishing date should be 2009.[80]
- ^ One source identifies it as coming from the Plottier Formation,[81] although this is likely to be a typo
- ^ as Chasmosaurus mariscalensis
- ^ Ojo Alamo record may belong to the Kirtland Formation under another definition
- ^ Several specimens from the United States and Mexico may belong to this genus and/or species, but their identity is doubted[126]
- ^ as Stegosaurus longispinus
- ^ Formerly UW[am] D54
- ^ The SAM material was rediscovered years after the loss of the holotype, and may or may not belong to the same assemblage[141]
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: Unknown parameter|authors=
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ignored (help) - ^ Arbour, V. M.; Currie, P. J. (2016). "Systematics, phylogeny and palaeobiogeography of the ankylosaurid dinosaurs". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 14 (5): 1–60. doi:10.1080/14772019.2015.1059985. S2CID 214625754.
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