Allen Formation

Allen Formation
Allen Formation
Stratigraphic range: Mid Campanian-Maastrichtian; ~73–69 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓
	Outcrop of the Allen and Anacleto Formations at Auca Mahuida
Type	Geological formation
Unit of	Malargüe Group
Underlies	Jagüel Formation
Overlies	Anacleto Formation
Thickness	up to 70 m (230 ft)
Lithology
Primary	Mudstone, sandstone
Other	Limestone
Location
Coordinates	40°00′S 66°36′W / 40.0°S 66.6°W
Approximate paleocoordinates	42°48′S 52°12′W / 42.8°S 52.2°W
Region	Neuquén, Río Negro & La Pampa Provinces
Country	Argentina
Extent	Neuquén Basin
Type section
Named by	Uliana & Dellapé
Year defined	1981
	Allen Formation (Argentina)

The Allen Formation is a geological formation in Argentina whose strata date back to the Late Cretaceous (middle Campanian to early Maastrichtian.^[1] Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation.^[2] Indeterminate chelid remains and other vertebrates have also been discovered in this formation.^[3]

Description

Fauna of Allen Formation

Uliana and Dellapé defined the formation's stratotype in 1981 in the eastern area of the Bajo de Añelo, where the relation between the base and top is clearly exposed. The deposits are mostly clastic, interbedded with banks of limestone and layers of anhydrite, which were defined as continental and shallow marine facies associated with semiarid conditions.^[4]

The interpreted sedimentary paleoenvironments range from purely continental such as ephemeral lacustrine, aeolian and fluvial systems to coastal marine paleoenvironments with development of estuaries and tidal flats, followed by a lagoon sedimentary stage from marsh to sea with carbonate precipitation in an area protected from waves, ending with a retraction leading to the accumulation of evaporites.^[4]

Armas and Sánchez performed a detailed facies analysis of the formation in 2015, where the authors concluded the formation represents a hybrid coastal system of tidal flats, dominated by Atlantic ingressions, with a large storm influence in some areas linked to aeolian systems.^[5]

Fossil content

Dinosaurs

Color key

Taxon	Reclassified taxon	Taxon falsely reported as present	Dubious taxon or junior synonym	Ichnotaxon	Ootaxon	Morphotaxon

Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; ~~crossed out~~ taxa are discredited.

Dinosaur eggs are known from the formation.^[6]

Ornithischians

Ankylosaurs

Genus	Species	Location	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Patagopelta	P. cristata	Salitral Moreno locality	Lower	Tooth, three posterior dorsal vertebrae, caudal vertebrae, two caudal centra, right femur, partial cervical half ring, and osteoderms.	A parankylosaur^[7]

Hadrosaurs

Genus	Species	Location	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes
Bonapartesaurus	B. rionegrensis	Salitral Moreno and Islas Malvinas.	Lower	A partial skeleton.	A hadrosaur
Kelumapusaura	K. machi		Upper	Partial skull, a cervical vertebrae, several sacrals, sternal rib and sternal plate, and multiple referred specimens found in a bonebed	A saurolophine hadrosaur^[8]
Lapampasaurus	L. cholinoi		Lower	Elements of the axial and appendicular skeleton of a subadult individual	A hadrosaur^[9]
Willinakaqe	W. salitralensis	Salitral Moreno site.	Lower	A right premaxilla.	A saurolophine hadrosaur^[10]

Saurischians

Sauropods

Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes
Aeolosaurus	Indeterminate	Lower		A titanosaur^[6]
Bonatitan	B.reigi^[11]	Lower	Braincases, caudal vertebrae, and several limb elements	A titanosaur^[11]
Menucocelsior	M. arriagadai	Lower	Seventeen caudal vertebrae and several appendicular bones: a right humerus, a left fibula and some metapodial.	A titanosaur^[12]
Panamericansaurus	P. schroederi		"Five tail vertebrata, sacral vertebrae, left humerus and rib fragments"	A titanosaur^[6]^[13]
Pellegrinisaurus?	P. powelli	Lower (if it is from the formation)	"Dorsal and caudal vertebrae, partial femur"	A titanosaur^[6]^[13]
Rocasaurus	R. muniozi	Lower	"Partial postcranial skeleton"	A titanosaur^[6]^[14]

Theropods

Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes
Austroraptor	A. cabazai	Lower	A fragmentary skeleton including parts of the skull, lower jaw, a few neck and torso vertebrae, some ribs, a humerus, and assorted bones from both legs	A dromaeosaurid
Bonapartenykus	B. ultimus	Upper	A holotype consists of a mid-dorsal vertebra, both scapulocoracoids, left tibia and femur, left pubis articulated with the pubic peduncle of the ilium, the anterior blade of the left ilium, and two partially preserved eggs.	An alvarezsauroid
Lamarqueavis	L. australis	Lower	"Right coracoid with damaged sternal and omal extremities, and lacking acrocoracoidal process"	An ornithuran^[15]
Limenavis	L. patagonica	Lower	"Partial forelimb"	An ornithuran^[6]^[16]
Niebla	N. antiqua	Upper	Braincase, fragmentary jaw and teeth, relatively complete scapulocoracoid, dorsal ribs, and incomplete vertebrae.	An abelisaurid^[17]
Quilmesaurus	Q. curriei	Upper	Femur and distal tibia	An abelisaurid^[6]^[18]

Pterosaurs

Fragmentary fossils are known from the formation.^[6]

Genus	Species	Location	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Aerotitan	A. sudamericanus	Bajo de Arriagada	Upper	Partial rostrum	The first unambiguous azhdarchid from South-America^[19]

Fish

Genus^[3]	Species	Material	Notes
Atlantoceratodus	A. patagonicus	3 tooth plates	A ceratorontiform lungfish^[20]
Chondrichthyes	indeterminate	11 vertebral centra
Diplomystidae	indeterminate	4 incomplete pectoral spines
Siluriformes	indeterminate	5 incomplete pectoral spines
Lepisosteidae	indeterminate	6 vertebral centra
Teleostei	indeterminate	10 isolated teeth
cf. Percichthyidae	indeterminate	19 fragmentary vertebrae

Squamata

Genus^[3]	Species	Material
Patagoniophis	P. parvus	incomplete trunk vertebra
Alamitophis	A. argentinus	incomplete trunk vertebra
Madtsoiidae	indeterminate	incomplete trunk vertebra

Turtles

Genus	Species	Location	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Iaremys	I. batrachomorpha				A chelid turtle^[21]
Yaminuechelys	Y. gasperinii				A chelid turtle

Rhynchocephalia

Genus	Species	Location	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Lamarquesaurus	L. cabazai	Cerro Tortuga			^[22]

Plesiosauria

Genus	Species	Location	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Kawanectes	K. lafquenianum

Frogs

Unnamed frogs belonging to the family Calyptocephalellidae and Leptodactylidae, and those with no family designation were also found.^[23]^[3]

Genus	Species	Location	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Calyptocephalella	C. satan				Calyptocephalellid frog^[24]
Kuruleufenia	K. xenopoides				Pipid frog^[25]

Mammals

The mammal fauna of the Allen Formation is known from seven teeth, which document the presence of several species.^[26]

Genus	Species	Location	Material	Notes
Mesungulatum	M. lamarquensis	Cerro Tortuga	Two upper molars and a fragmentary lower molar	A dryolestoid
Groebertherium	G. stipanicici	Cerro Tortuga	One upper molar	A dryolestoid
cf. Brandonia	sp.	Cerro Tortuga	One lower molar	A dryolestoid
Barberenia	B. allenensis	Cerro Tortuga	One upper molariform	A dryolestoid
Solanutheirum	S. walshi	Cerro Tortuga	A right lower molar and left dentary fragment.	A meridiolestid.^[27]
Trapalcotherium	T. matuastensis	Cerro Tortuga	One first lower molar	A gondwanathere

Plants

Genus	Species	Location	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Podocarpoxylon	P. mazzonii	Valcheta Petrified Forest, Río Negro Province.^[28]		Fossil wood^[28]

References

^ Salgado et al., 2007
^ Weishampel, David B; et al. (2004). "Dinosaur distribution (Late Cretaceous, South America)." In: Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; and Osmólska, Halszka (eds.): The Dinosauria, 2nd, Berkeley: University of California Press. Pp. 600-604. ISBN 0-520-24209-2.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Martinelli, A. and Forasiepi, A.M. (2004). "Late Cretaceous vertebrates from Bajo de Santa Rosa (Allen Formation), Rio Negro province, Argentina, with the description of a new sauropod dinosaur (Titanosauridae)". Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales 6(2): 257–305.
^ ^a ^b Armas & Sánchez, 2015, p.101
^ Armas & Sánchez, 2015, p.110
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Weishampel et al., 2004, p.604
^ Soto Acuña, Sergio; Vargas, Alexander O.; Kaluza, Jonatan (2024). "A new look at the first dinosaur discovered in Antarctica: reappraisal of Antarctopelta oliveroi (Ankylosauria: Parankylosauria)". Advances in Polar Science. 35 (1): 78–107. doi:10.12429/j.advps.2023.0036.
^ Rozadilla, S.; Brissón-Egli, F.; Agnolín, F.L.; Aranciaga-Rolando, A.M.; Novas, F.E. (2022). "A new hadrosaurid (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the Late Cretaceous of northern Patagonia and the radiation of South American hadrosaurids". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 19 (17): 1207–1235. doi:10.1080/14772019.2021.2020917. S2CID 247122005.
^ Coria et al., 2012
^ Juárez Valieri et al., 2010
^ ^a ^b "63.10 Provincia de Río Negro, Argentina; 4. Río Colorado Formation," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 604.
^ Rolando et al., 2022
^ ^a ^b "Table 13.1," in Weishampel, et al., 2004, p.269
^ "Table 13.1," in Weishampel, et al., 2004, p.270
^ Agnolin, 2010
^ "Table 11.1," in Weishampel, et al., 2004, p.215
^ Aranciaga Rolando, Mauro; Cerroni, Mauricio A.; Garcia Marsà, Jordi A.; Agnolín, Federico l.; Motta, Matías J.; Rozadilla, Sebastián; Brisson Eglí, Federico; Novas, Fernando E. (2020-10-14). "A new medium-sized abelisaurid (Theropoda, Dinosauria) from the late cretaceous (Maastrichtian) Allen Formation of Northern Patagonia, Argentina". Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 105: 102915. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2020.102915. hdl:11336/150468. ISSN 0895-9811. S2CID 225123133.
^ "Table 4.1," in Weishampel, et al., 2004, p.77
^ Novas et al., 2012
^ Federico Agnolin (2010). "A new species of the genus Atlantoceratodus (Dipnoiformes: Ceratodontoidei) from the Uppermost Cretaceous of Patagonia and a brief overview of fossil dipnoans from the Cretaceous and Paleogene of South America". Brazilian Geographical Journal: Geosciences and Humanities Research Medium. 1 (2): 162–210.
^ Agnolín, F. L.; Aranciaga-Rolando, A. M.; Ortiz, R. (2024). "New chelid turtle with a flattened skull from the Late Cretaceous of Northern Patagonia, Argentina". Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology. doi:10.1080/03115518.2024.2427261.
^ Apesteguía & Rougier, 2007, p.3
^ Suazo Lara, F.; Gómez, R. O. (2022-03-01). "In the shadow of dinosaurs: Late Cretaceous frogs are distinct components of a widespread tetrapod assemblage across Argentinean and Chilean Patagonia". Cretaceous Research. 131: 105085. Bibcode:2022CrRes.13105085S. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2021.105085. ISSN 0195-6671. S2CID 243482426.
^ Federico Agnolin (2012). "A new Calyptocephalellidae (Anura, Neobatrachia) from the Upper Cretaceous of Patagonia, Argentina, with comments on its systematic position". Studia Geologica Salmanticensia. 48 (2): 129–178.
^ Gómez, Raúl O. (2016-07-01). "A new pipid frog from the Upper Cretaceous of Patagonia and early evolution of crown-group Pipidae". Cretaceous Research. 62: 52–64. Bibcode:2016CrRes..62...52G. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2016.02.006. hdl:11336/59544. ISSN 0195-6671.
^ Rougier et al., 2009
^ Connelly, B. E.; Cardozo, M. S.; Montgomery, J. D.; Rougier, G. W. (2024). "New mammals from the Upper Cretaceous Allen Formation (Patagonia, Argentina) and reassessment of meridiolestidan diversity". Cretaceous Research. 162. 105935. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2024.105935.
^ ^a ^b Passalia, M. G.; Garrido, A.; Iglesias, A.; Vera, E. I. (2022-10-14). "The Valcheta Petrified Forest (Upper Cretaceous), Northern Patagonia, Argentina: A Geological And Paleobotanical Survey". Cretaceous Research. 142: 105395. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2022.105395. ISSN 0195-6671. S2CID 252964524.

Bibliography

Agnolin, Federico L (2010), "An avian coracoid from the Upper Cretaceous of Patagonia, Argentina", Studia Geologica Salmanticensia, 46 (2): 99–119, retrieved 2019-02-16
Apesteguía, Sebastián; Rougier, Guillermo W. (2007), "A Late Campanian Sphenodontid Maxilla from Northern Patagonia" (PDF), American Museum Novitates (3581): 1–12, doi:10.1206/0003-0082(2007)3581[1:ALCSMF]2.0.CO;2, retrieved 2019-03-30
Armas, Paula; Sánchez, María Lidia (2015), "Hybrid coastal edges in the Neuquén Basin (Allen Formation, Upper Cretaceous, Argentina)" (PDF), Andean Geology, 42: 97–113, retrieved 2018-10-02
Coria, Rodolfo A.; González Riga, Bernardo; Casadío, Silvio (2012), "Un nuevo hadrosáurido (Dinosauria, Ornithopoda) de la Formación Allen, provincia de La Pampa, Argentina", Ameghiniana, 49 (4): 552–572, doi:10.5710/AMGH.9.4.2012.487, retrieved 2019-02-16
Juárez Valieri, Rubén D.; Haro, José A.; Fiorelli, Lucas E.; Calvo, Jorge O. (2010), "A new hadrosauroid (Dinosauria: Ornithopoda) from the Allen Formation (Late Cretaceous) of Patagonia, Argentina", Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, New Series, 11 (2): 217–231, doi:10.22179/REVMACN.12.242, hdl:11336/147903, retrieved 2019-02-16
Novas, F.E.; Kundrat, M.; Agnolín, F.L.; Ezcurra, M.N.D.; Ahlberg, P.E.; Isasi, M.P.; Arriagada, A.; Chafrat, P. (2012), "A new large pterosaur from the Late Cretaceous of Patagonia" (PDF), Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 32 (6): 1447, Bibcode:2012JVPal..32.1447N, doi:10.1080/02724634.2012.703979, hdl:11336/98097, retrieved 2019-02-16
Rougier, G.W.; Chornogubsky, L.; Casadio, S.; Paéz Arango, N.; Giallombardo, A. (2009), "Mammals from the Allen Formation, Late Cretaceous, Argentina (subscription required)", Cretaceous Research, 30 (1): 223–238, Bibcode:2009CrRes..30..223R, doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2008.07.006, hdl:11336/103413, retrieved 2019-02-16
Salgado, L.; Coria, R.A.; Magalheas Ribeiro, C.M.; Garrido, A.; Rogers, R.; Simon, M.E.; Arcucci, A.B.; Rogers, Carabajal, A. P., Apesteguia, S., Fernandez, M., Garcia, R. A., and Talevi, M., K.C. (2007), "Upper Cretaceous dinosaur nesting sites of Rio Negro (Salitral Ojo de Agua and Salinas de Trapalco-Salitral de Santa Rosa), northern Patagonia, Argentina", Cretaceous Research, 28 (3): 392–404, Bibcode:2007CrRes..28..392S, doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2006.06.007, hdl:11336/183909, retrieved 2019-02-16{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; Osmólska, Halszka (2004), The Dinosauria, 2nd edition, Berkeley: University of California Press, pp. 1–880, ISBN 0-520-24209-2, retrieved 2019-02-21