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Ankylosaurinae

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Ankylosaurines
Temporal range: Cretaceous, 105–66 Ma
Skeleton of Scolosaurus thronus, once referred to Euoplocephalus. Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Clade: Dinosauria
Clade: Ornithischia
Clade: Thyreophora
Clade: Ankylosauria
Family: Ankylosauridae
Subfamily: Ankylosaurinae
Brown, 1908[1]
Genera[1]

Ankylosaurinae is a subfamily of ankylosaurid dinosaurs, existing from the Early Cretaceous about 105 million years ago until the end of the Late Cretaceous, about 66 mya. Many genera are included in the clade, such as Ankylosaurus, Pinacosaurus, Euoplocephalus, and Saichania.

Features

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Ankylosaurinae is formally defined in the PhyloCode as "the largest clade containing Ankylosaurus magniventris, but not Shamosaurus scutatus".[2][3][4] The tribe Ankylosaurini is defined in the PhyloCode as "the largest clade containing Ankylosaurus magniventris, but not Pinacosaurus grangeri and Saichania chulsanensis".[2]

Diagnostic features of ankylosaurines include the nuchal shelf that obscures the occiput in dorsal view, and the quadrate condyle which is obscured lightly by the quadratojugal boss.[3]

Phylogeny

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The following cladogram is based on the 50% majority rule phylogenetic analysis of Arbour & Currie (2015):[1]

Ankylosaurinae

References

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  1. ^ a b c Arbour, Victoria M.; Currie, Philip J. (2015). "Systematics, phylogeny and palaeobiogeography of the ankylosaurid dinosaurs". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 14 (5): 1. doi:10.1080/14772019.2015.1059985. S2CID 214625754.
  2. ^ a b Madzia, D.; Arbour, V.M.; Boyd, C.A.; Farke, A.A.; Cruzado-Caballero, P.; Evans, D.C. (2021). "The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs". PeerJ. 9: e12362. doi:10.7717/peerj.12362. PMC 8667728. PMID 34966571.
  3. ^ a b Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; Osmólska, Halszka (2004). The Dinosauria. Berkeley, CA and Los Angeles, CA and London, England: University of California Press. pp. 389, 861. ISBN 0-520-24209-2. Retrieved April 9, 2010.
  4. ^ Xing, Lida; Niu, Kecheng; Mallon, Jordan; Miyashita, Tetsuto (2023). "A new armored dinosaur with double cheek horns from the early Late Cretaceous of southeastern China". Vertebrate Anatomy Morphology Palaeontology. 11. doi:10.18435/vamp29396. ISSN 2292-1389.