User:Electionworld/sandbox/Ukraine

Multiple timeline of Ukraine

This scheme is a multiple timelime of the history of Ukraine, part of the series of Series of multiple timelines of European countries and territories. Timeline of Ukraine

Introduction - Other timelines - Index of timelines - Ukraine

Crimea - Donetsk - Lugansk - Western Ukraine - Other regions in main section

Ukraine (Україна) is a republic with a popularly elected president, a parliament elected in free multi-party elections and a government responsible to the parliament. Crimea is unreconized annexed to Russia.

This timeline of Ukraine includes the timeline of Central and Eastern Ukraine. The history of Crimea, nowadays unreconized annexed to Russia, can be found at Crimea. The history of the areas of seccessionist republics since 1648 can be found at Donetsk and Lugansk. The history of Western Ukraine between 1119/1189 and 1945 can be found at Western Ukraine. 11th-8th century BC: The area north of the Black Sea in present-day Ukraine and Southern Russia is populated amongst other by Scythians, Eastern Iranian tribes. Other tribes are the Cimmerian tribes. Scythia 8th century BC: The Scythians develop Scythia, a loose state in present-day Southern Russia and Ukraine. 7th century BC: Bartatua and Madius are listed as Scythian kings.Sarmatians, a confederation of Iranian tribes, emerge in part of the region, living in relatively peaceful co-existence with the Scythians. 600s BC: Scythians settle in the interior of present-day Crimea. 4th century BC: Scythia is ruled by king Ateas. He conquers the region around the mouths of the Danube and further to the south. 339 BC: Ateas is defeated by king Phílip II of Macedonia. Scythia falls apart. Sarmatians 3rd century BC: Scythia is conquered by the Sarmatians. Sarmatians rule the area of present-day Ukraine, Southern Russia and surroundings. Greeks settle in Crimea. 1st century: sandboxThe Iranian or Samatian Alans settle in the Pontic Steppe. Goths 3rd century: The dominance of the Sarmatians and Alans in present-day Ukraine is broken by the Germanic Goths , that found inside Scythia their kingdom of Oium. Filimer is said to be their first king of Oium. 342: Tiberius Julius Rhescuporis VI of Bosporus is defeated and the kingdom is annexed by the Goths. Huns 4th century: The Goths led by king Aírmanareiks are defeated and the area is conquered by the Huns. The Goths migrate and establish later the Ostrogothic Kingdom and after they sacked Rome the Visigoths. Many of the Alans migrate westwards along with various Germanic tribes. They enter Gaul around 406. 5th century: The Huns together with the Alans further conquer and rule an area including large parts of Central-Europe, including present-day Hungary, where their realm is concentrated. 454: The Huns withdraw after the death of their king Attila. Part of the Alans migrate to the Caucasus. 5th century: Slavic tribes migrate in the area, as well as the Antes. The Antes establish a kind of proto-state. 500s: The Crimea is conquered by the Byzantine Empire. 600s: Other Alans migrate to the North Caucasus, where they found around 700 the powerful kingdom of Alania. Bulgarian Empire c 635s: The semi-nomadic Turkic tribes of the Bulgars and the Onogurs, led by khan Kubrat establish in the Pontic-Caspian steppe in present-day Ukraine (including parts of Crimea) and Russia the Bulgarian Empire. Kingdom of Khazaria 659: Khazaria, said to be founded by Irbis, enters the region. 668: This Bulgarian state is destroyed by Khazaria. Part of the Bulgars migrate to the west, where they create Bulgaria, others settle near the Volga where they create Volga Bulgaria. late 7th century: Busir is khagan of Khazaria. Grand Principality of Rus' 882: Varangians from Sweden settle in present-day Northern Russia. Rurik or Rørik, a Varangian chieftain, became in 862 the first prince of Rus', centered in Novgorod. His son Oleg conquers Kiev (Kiyiv) and makes it the capital of Rus'. It succeeds the Rus' Khaganate. The state is from that moment also rendered as Kievan Rus'. Rus' includes large parts of present-day Northern, Western and South Western Russia, Ukraine, Polish Galicia and Belarus. In this state the Varangians merge into the East Slavs. 907: Kievan Rus' attacks Constantinople. The attack ends with a treaty that regulates the status of the colony of Varangian merchants in the city. 941: The Rus' attack by Igor, son of Rurik, on the Bosporus and Byzantine Bithynia is defeated. 968: Grand prince Svyatoslav invades Thrace and Bulgaria and conquers present-day Dobruja. 971: Svyatoslavis defeated by the Byzantine emperor Ioannes Tzimiskes and he loses the conquered areas. Pecheneg Khanates 860: The Khazars are defeated by the Pechenegs, who establish the Pecheneg Khanates. Their realm includes parts of present-day Romanian Moldavia and Moldova as well as Southern Russia. 895: King Simeon of Bulgaria allies with the Pechenegs and attacks the Magyars, forcing them to retreat towards West and enter in the Carpathian Basin. 900s: The Pechenegs are led by successively Kurya, Metiga and Kuchug. 950s: The Pechenegs conquer present-day Wallachia. Since 980s: The northern Crimea is conquered by Kievan Rus'. The grand princes of Rus'(or Kiev), like Vladimir Svyatoslavich, create principalities inside Rus' as appanages. Among them are Chernigov, Halych, Kiev, Minsk, Moscow, Murom-Ryazan, Novgorod, Novgorod-Seversk, Pereyaslavl, Polotsk, Rostov, Smolensk, Tmutarkan, Turov, Tver, Vladimir-Suzdal, Volhynia, and Yaroslavl. 988: To surpress an uprising,the Byzantine emperor Basileios II is supported by the Rus' grand prince Vladimir. Vladimir accepts to make Rus' a Christian nation. Principality of Pereyaslavl 988: Yaroslav Vladimirovich, son of Vladimir, ruler of Rus, becomes prince of Pereyaslavl. 1048: Renmants of Khazaria are conquered by Rus'. Principality of Chernigov 1024: Mstislav Vladimorovich, son of Vladimir, ruler of Rus, becomes prince of Chernigov. 1119: Inside Rus' Ivan Vasylkovich becomes prince of Volhynia. 1097: Chernigov is partitioned in Chernigov, Murom-Ryazan and Novogorod-Seversk. Davyd Svyatoslavich becomes prince of Chernigov. Principality of Novgorod-Seversk 1097: Oleg Svyatoslavich becomes prince of Novgorod-Seversk Cuman-Kipchak Confederation 1091: The Pechenegs are annihilated as an independent force by the Rus’ and the Cumans and most of their area is included in the Cuman-Kipchak Confederation. Principality of Kiev 1132: After the death of grand prince Mstislav of Rus', Yaropolk II Vladimirovich becomes prince of Kiev. 1164: Trubetsk secedes. 1223: The Mongols gained a decisive victory at the Kalka River, the first engagement between the Mongols and the Rus' warriors. Great Mongol State 1220: The Cuman Kipchak-Confederation is destroyed by Genghis Khan, khagan of the Mongol Empire. 1230: Large parts of what is now Russsia, Central Asia, China and the Middle East, is conquered by and annexed to the Mongol Empire. 1239: The prince of Pereyaslavl becomes a vassal of the Golden Horde. 1237: Under the leadership of Batu Khan, the Mongol Empire begins their campaign to subjugate Kievan Rus'. 1240: The Mongols sack Kiev Golden Horde 1259: The Golden Horde under Orda Ezen separates itself from the Mongol Empire. Grand Duchy of Lithuania 1323: After prince Oleg of Pereyaslavl has been defeated by grand duke Gediminas, Pereyaslavl is annexed to Lithuania. 1362: Kiev is annexed to Lithuania. 1401: Chernigov and Novogord-Seversk fall to Lithuania. Grand Principality of Moscow 1408: Chernigov and Novgorod-Seversk fall to Moscow. 1420: Chernigov and Novgorod-Seversk fall to Lithuania. 1444: Grand duke Kazimierz IV becomes also king of Poland. Crimean Khanate 1441: The Crimean Khanate secedes under khan Bır Hacı Geray and includes part of present-day Ukraine. 1512: Vasilij III commences a war with Poland-Lithuania. 1514: With the victory at Orsha Poland-Lithuania stops the further expansion of Moscow into their dominion. 1522: The war between Moscow and Poland-Lithuania ends with a truce. 1534-1537: Grand duke Žygimantas of Lithuania commences a war to regain the lost territories. The war ends after little gains with a truce. Grand Principality of Moscow 1503: Chernigov and Novgorod-Seversk fall to Moscow. 1512: Vasilij III commences a war with Poland-Lithuania. 1514: With the victory at Orsha Poland-Lithuania stops the further expansion of Moscow into their dominion. 1522: The war between Moscow and Poland-Lithuania ends with a truce. 1534-1537: Grand duke Žygimantas of Lithuania commences a war to regain the lost territories. The war ends after little gains with a truce. Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth 1569: Poland and Lithuania merge into the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. 1603: Chernigov and Novgrod-Seversk fall to Poland-Lithuania. 1617: In the Peace of Busza Poland-Lithuania agrees with the Ottoman Empire to cede the Khotyn to the Ottomans and to stop its interference in Moldavia. 1618: The Truce of Deulino ends the war between Poland-Lithuania and Moscow, after a Polish-Lithuanian victory. 1651: The Treaty of Bila Tserkva establishes peace between Poland-Lithuania and the Cosacks after the Polish victory at Berestechko. 1648: Cossacks in Polish Ukraine start and uprising against Polish nobility. Russian Empire 1648: Russia annexes Chernigov and Novgorod-Seversk. Zaporizhian Host 1649: The Cossack uprising leads to the formation of the Zaporizhian Host. 1651: The Treaty of Bila Tserkva establishes peace between Poland-Lithuania and the Cosacks after the Polish victory at Berestechko. 1654: Russia together with the Zaporizhian Host commences a war with Poland-Lithuania. 1654: Russia together with the Zaporizhian Host commences a war with Poland-Lithuania. 1654: The Zaporizhian Host joins Russia in the war against Poland-Lithuania. 1655: Russia conquers large parts of the east of the country. 1656: In the war between Russia and Poland-Lithuania the Truce of Vilna is agreed. 1655: Russia conquers large parts of the east of Poland-Lithuania. 1658: The Zaporizhian Host defects to the Poles. The war between Russia and Poland-Lithuania resumes. 1658: The war between Russia and Poland-Lithuania resumes. 1658: The Zaporizhian Host defects to the Poles. 1666: Poland-Lithuania gets into war in Ukraine with Crimea and the Zaporozhe Host. 1667: After recapturing most of the areas earlier conquered by Russia, the Treaty of Andrusovo ends the war between Russia and Poland-Lithuania. 1669: The Treaty of Karlowitz ends the war between the alliance consisting of Habsburg Austria, Venice and Poland-Lithuania on one side and Ottoman Empire on the other side. Podolia returns to Poland-Lithuania. 1667: After recapturing most of the areas earlier conquered by Russia, the Treaty of Andrusovo ends the war between Russia and Poland-Lithuania. 1669: The Treaty of Karlowitz ends the war between the alliance consisting of Habsburg Austria, Venice and Poland-Lithuania on one side and Ottoman Empire on the other side. Podolia returns to Poland-Lithuania. 1667: After recapturing most of the areas earlier conquered by Russia, the Treaty of Andrusovo ends the war between Russia and Poland-Lithuania. Kiev and other cities are annexed to Russia. 1666-1671: Poland-Lithuania gets into war in Ukraine with Crimea and the Zaporozhian Host. Ottoman Empire 1672: When khan Selim Geray of Crimea is defeated by the Polish forces, the war develops into a war between Poland-Lithuania and the Ottoman Empire. The Treaty of Buczacz brings Podolia under Ottoman control. 1673: After an Ottoman campaign to help the Ukrainian Cossacks, the Polish leader John Sobieski defeats at Khotyn the Ottomans 1676: The Ottoman Empire commences a war against Russia in Ukraine. The Battle of Żurawno ends indecisive and the Poland-Lithuania and the Ottoman Empire agree on the Treaty of Żurawno, in which Poland-Lithuania regains part of the lost territories. 1676: The Ottoman Empire commences a war against Russia in Ukraine. The Battle of Żurawno ends indecisive and the Poland-Lithuania and the Ottoman Empire agree on the Treaty of Żurawno, in which Poland-Lithuania regains part of the lost territories. 1681: The Treaty of Bakhchisarai ends the war between Russia and the Ottoman Empire and establishes a truce whereby the Dnieper River separates the Ottoman Empire from Russian territories. 1681: The Treaty of Bakhchisarai ends the war between Russia and the Ottoman Empire and establishes a truce whereby the Dnieper River separates the Ottoman Empire from Russian territories. 1686: With the Treaty of Perpetual Peace Russia and Poland agree on their borders in Ukraine. Russia joins the war against the Ottoman Empire. 1686: With the Treaty of Perpetual Peace Russia and Poland agree on their borders in Ukraine. Russia joins the war against the Ottoman Empire. 1735: Russia commences a war with the Ottoman Empire and the Crimean Khanate after Crimean attacks on the Cossack Hetmanate. 1739: Russia defeats at Stavuchany the Ottomans. 1764: The Hetmanate is fully incorporated into Russia. 1772: The Russian victory over the Bar Confederation leads to the first partition of Poland. 1774: As a result of the Russian victory over the Ottoman Empire, the Ottomans cede in the Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca areas to Russia in Ukraine. 1774: After the Russo-Turkish War the Treaty of Kuchuk-Kainarji makes the Crimean Khanate independent from the Ottoman Empire and aligned it with Russia. 1783: The Russian empress Yekaterina overthrows khan Şahin and Crimea is annexed to Russia as part of the Taurida Governorate. 1787: The Ottoman Empire commences a war with Russia to reconquer the lost areas. 1792: In reaction to a new constitution an alliance of Polish nobles and Russia stage a war. The Russian victory leads to the second partition of Poland, in which Russia annexes large parts of the country. The Russian-Ottoman war ends after a Russian victory with the Treaty of Jassy, in which the Ottomans cede another area (Yedisan) to Russia. 1795: In a reaction to the uprising Russia, Prussia and Austria decide to wipe out Poland-Lithuania and with the third partition they divide the country between themselves. 1914: After Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia, Russia declares war on Austria-Hungary and Germany. World War I commences. Russian Republic 1917: After the revolutions in Russia, a civil war commences in which non-Bolshevik forces, separarist forces as well as more left wing forces fight the new government. The Bolsheviks start a Ukrainian–Soviet War to fight separatist forces. Ukrainian People's Republic 1917: Ukraine is proclaimed by a revolutionary parliament as an autonomous republic of Russia. A civil war goes on between communists and non-communists. Communists create the Ukrainian Soviet Republic. At the end of the year Ukraine declares its independence. Ukraine includes present-day Moldova east of the Dnestr. A civil war goes on between communists and non-communists. The Russian bolsheviks start a Ukrainian–Soviet War. 1918: The Ukrainian Soviet Republic is overrun by the Ukrainian People's Republic. The constituent assembly, elected by universal suffrage, proclaims independence. The independence of Ukraine is recognized by the Central Powers at a Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. The same year part of Ukraine is controlled by the Free Territory. Ukrainian State 1918: The republic is overthrown and replaced by the Ukrainian State. Communists of the Communist Party (Bolshevik) of Ukraine (KPbU) conquer parts of Ukraine and create the Ukrainian Socialist Soviet Republic, including the Donetsk-Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic. In Odessa a communist republic, the Odessa Soviet Republic is established. Ukrainian People's Republic 1918: Odessa is defeated and reincorporated into Ukraine, partially to Moldova. The Ukrainian State is defeated and the republic is restored. Ukraine is governed by a the directorate of Ukraine. 1919: A pro-Ukrainian uprising in Northern Bessarabia in Romania is suppressed. Ukraine unites de jure with West Ukraine, but the two republics remain de facto collaborating separate entities. Ukrainian Socialist Soviet Republic 1921: The Ukrainian forces are defeated by the soviet army, marking the end of the republic. Both the directorate and the government go into exile. Soviet-Ukraine, a Soviet puppet state, takes over the country, defeating also the Free Territory. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics 1922: Ukraine joins Russia, Belarus and Transcaucasia in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, shortly the Soviet Union, of which these states become constituent states. 1924: Inside Ukraine the Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic is established. 1928: The Soviet government enforces a collectivization of the agricultural sector consolidating individual landholdings and labour into kolkhozy and sovkhozy. Many kulaks, independent farmes, are executed, arrested or deported to the eastern parts of the Soviet Union. 1930: The Soviet governement establishes a system of forced labour camps for political and other prisoners. 1932: A famine kills millions of people in Ukraine and the Kuban region, which can be considered a genocide carried out by the Soviet government. 1935: The Soviet government starts mass deportations of minorities to Siberia and the Central Asian republics. This continues until 1949. 1936: Ukraine is renamed into Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic. The government enacts a purge against (supposed) opponents in and outside the communist party. This purge lasts until 1938. It has been estimated between 600,000 and 3 million people died in the purge. 1939: Nazi Germany and the Soviet-Union sign the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact. World War II starts with the invasion by Nazi Germany of Poland. France and the United Kingdom declare war on Nazi Germany. The Soviet Union invades Poland. Poland is divided between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union. The Soviets organize elections to a People's Assembly of Western Ukraine. This People's Assembly issues a official request to join the Ukrainian SSR. The Soviet Union is expelled from the League of Nations. West-Ukraine is occupied by the Soviet Union and added to Ukraine. Ukrainians led by Avgustyn Voloshyn proclaim in Czechoslovak Carpatho-Ukraine, but are defeated by Hungary the same month. 1940: Finland is defeated by the Soviet Union and loses some of its territory. The Soviet Union invades and annexes Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. The Soviet Union invades Romania and annexes Bessarabia and Bukovina. It unites Bessarabia and the Moldavian ASSR into the separate Moldavian Socialist Soviet Republic. Kingdom of Romania 1941: Romania conquers the Odessa region and creates the Transnistria Governorate. German Empire 1941: Nazi Germany and its allies Hungary and Romania invade the Soviet Union and conquer part of the union, Ukraine. Nazi Germany starts a genocide in which around six million jews are killed. The Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists declares an independent Ukrainian State. The attempt is crushed by the Germany. 1942: The Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA) is active in resistance against both the German occupation and the Soviet army. 1943: German forces are defeated at Stalingrad, marking the beginning of the Nazi-German collapse in the Soviet Union. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics 1943: Part of Ukraine are conquered by the Soviet army. 1944: Other parts, including Western Ukraine, are conquered by the Soviet Union. After the Soviet army defeated the Germans, the UPA remains until 1948 active in resistance to Soviet rule. 1946: West-Ukraine and Carpatho-Ukraine are annexed to the Soviet Union and becomes part of Ukraine. 1990: The supreme soviet of the Ukrainian SSR is elected in relative free elections and for the first time non-communist parties enter the supreme soviet. The communist dictatorship is overthrown. 1991: In a referendum voters agree to stay as a sovereign country in a union with Russia and other former soviet republics. The same year the USSR is dissolved. Ukraine 1991: The supreme soviet proclaims the independence, secedes from the Soviet Union. A government is formed which is responsible to the parliament. Ukraine is a founding member of the Commonwealth of Independent States. Independence is confirmed in a independence referendum. 1993: Ukraine changes it status in the Commonwealth of Independent States to associate member. 1995: Ukraine joins the Council of Europe. 2004: A popular uprising, the Orange Revolution leads to a run-off. 2013: The government's decision to suspend the signing of an association agreement with the European Union, instead choosing closer ties to Russia and the Eurasian Economic Union sparks huge public protests (Euromaidan, starting in Kiyiv. 2014: A series of violent events involving protesters, riot police, and unknown shooters in Kyiv culminates after international mediation in an agreement between the president and the opposition, providing for a return to the 2004 Constitution, that is, to a parliamentary-presidential form of government, the holding of early presidential elections before the end of year and a "government of national trust". The government of Crimea is oberthrown. After a referendum Crimea secedes from Ukraine. This secession is generally not recognized. The same year Crimea joins Russia. By most countries Crimea is considered to be legally part of Ukraine. Donetsk and Lugansk secede unrecognized.

Timeline of Crimea Introduction - Other timelines - Index of timelines - Ukraine - Russia Crimea - Donetsk - Lugansk - Western Ukraine - Other regions in main section

Scythia 600s BC: Scythians settle in the interior of present-day Crimea. 400s BC: The interior of Crimea is partially settled by the Cimmerians. 600s BC: Greeks settle in the southern fringe of present-day Crimea. Bosporan Kingdom 438 BC: Spartokos becomes king of Bosporus. Sarmatians 3rd century BC: Scythia is conquered by the Sarmatians. Sarmatians rule the area including the northern of Crimea. Kingdom of Pontus 108 BC: King Mithridates VI of Pontus defeats the Spartocids and becomes king of the Bosporus as part of Pontus. 63 BC: Mithridates is defeated. His son Pharnaces II becomes king of Pontus and Bosporus as a client state of Rome. c 0: Most of Crimea is conquered by Bosporus Bosporan Kingdom 47 BC: Bosporus is separated from Pontus by the Roman Empire. Roman Empire 62: Bosporus is annexed to the Roman Empire. Bosporan Kingdom 68: Bosporus is restored to Tiberius Julius Rhescuporis I as a Roman client king. Goths 342: The last king, Tiberius Julius Rhescuporis VI is defeated and the kingdom is annexed by the Goths. Huns 4th century: The area is conquered by the Huns. 454: The Huns withdraw after the death of their king Attila. 5th century: Slavic tribes migrate in the area. Byzantine Empire 500s: The Byzantine Empire conquers the southern fringe, populated by Greeks, Crimean Goths and others. Bulgarian Empire c 635s: The semi-nomadic Turkic tribes of the Bulgars and the Onogurs, led by khan Kubrat establish the Bulgarian Empire, including parts of Crimea. Kingdom of Khazaria 668: This Bulgarian state is destroyed by Khazaria. Pecheneg Khanates 860: The Khazars are defeated by the Pechenegs, who establish the Pecheneg Khanates. Grand Principality of Rus' 980s: The northern Crimea is conquered by Kievan Rus'. They establish a sub-principality of Tmutarakan. Empire of Trebizond 1204: Trebizond appoints Teodoro I Gavra lord of Theodoro inside the Empire of Trebizond. Great Mongol State 1238: The northern Crimea is conquered and annexed by the Mongols. Golden Horde 1259: The Golden Horde under Orda Ezen separates itself from the Mongol Empire. Gazaria → Genoa 1266: The Golden Horde transfers parts of southern Crimea to Genoa. The Genoese possessions in Crimea are named Gazaria. Lordship of Theodoro 1362: Lord Demetrios of Theodoro declares Theodoro independent. Crimean Khanate 1441: The Crimean Khanate secedes under khan Bır Hacı Geray from the Golden Horde.. 1475: The Khanate of Crimea is conquered and made a vassal state by the Ottoman Empire. 1478: After being forced to recognize Ottoman suzerainty, Meñli Giray becomes khan. Subleme Ottoman Empire 1475: Prince Alexandre is defeated by the Ottomans and Theodoro as well as Genoase Gazaria are annexed to the Ottoman Empire. 1502: Meñli Giray defeats the renmants of the Golden Horde and annexes the remaining parts. 1506: Poland and Lithuania are invaded by and defeat a Crimean Tatar army. 1521: The combined forces of Crimea under Mehmed Geray and his Kazan allies attack Moscow. 1571: Khan Devlet Giray of Crimea invades and devastates Moscow. 1613–1617: Poland-Lithuania is invaded by the Crimean Tatars dozens of times. 1666-1671: Poland-Lithuania gets into war in Ukraine with Crimea and the Zaporozhian Host. 1672: When khan Selim Geray of Crimea is defeated by Poland-Lithuania, the war in Ukraine develops into a war between Poland-Lithuania and the Ottoman Empire. The Treaty of Buczacz brings Podolia under Ottoman control. 1732–1734: Crimean Tatars raid into Russia. 1735: Russia commences a war with the Ottoman Empire and the Crimean Khanate. 1739: Russia defeats the Ottomans. 1774: As a result of the Russian victory over the Ottoman Empire, the Ottomans grant in the Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca the Crimean Khanate independence, in reality becoming a Russian satellite state. Russian Empire 1783: The Russian empress Yekaterina overthrows khan Şahin and Crimea is annexed to Russia as part of the Taurida Governorate. 1853: France and the United Kingdom declare war with Russia over Crimea. The Ottoman Empire and Sardinia join France and the United Kingdom. 1855: Sevastopol is conquered by French and British forces. 1856: The war is lost by Russia, which is confirmed with the Treaty of Paris. Crimean People's Republic 1917: Crimean Tatar Crimea secedes from Russia. Taurida Soviet Socialist Republic 1918: The republic is overthrown by communists. The communists establish a communist republic. Russian Republic 1918: The same year the republic is overthrown by counter-revolutionary forces. Crimean Socialist Soviet Republic 1919: The Crimean SSR is formed. Russian Republic 1919: The same year it is overthrown by Russian counter-revolutionary forces. Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic 1920: The counter-revolutionary forces are defeated and Crimea is annexed to Russia. 1921: Crimea becomes the Crimean Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic inside Russia. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics 1922: Russia becomes part of the Soviet Union. 1936: Crimea is renamed into the Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. German Empire 1942: Crimea is occupied by Nazi Germany. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics 1943: The Soviet Union reconquers Crimea. 1944: The soviet government deports Crimean Tatars for alleged collaboration with the Nazi occupation regime. 1945: Crimea is stripped of its autonomy status and is continued as the Crimean Oblast. 1954: Within the Soviet Union the Crimean Oblast is transferred to Ukraine. 1991: Crimea becomes an ASSR. Ukraine 1991: Crimea becomes part of independent Ukraine as the Autonomous Republic of Crimea. 'Republic of Crimea 2014: Huge protests in Ukraine spark a revolution. In reaction, the government of Crimea is overthrown. After a referendum Crimea secedes from Ukraine. This secession is generally not recognized. Russian Federation 2014: The same year Crimea joins unrecognized Russia. By most countries Crimea is considered to be legally part of Ukraine.

Timeline of Donetsk Introduction - Other timelines - Index of timelines - Ukraine Crimea - Donetsk - Lugansk - Western Ukraine - Other regions in main section

The Donetsk People's Republic (Донецкая Народная Республика) is a de facto republic, de jure part of Ukraine, with a popularly elected executive president and a parliament, the People's Soviet, elected in multi-party elections.

Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth 1648: Cossacks in Polish Ukraine start an uprising against Polish nobility. Zaporizhian Host 1649: The Cossack uprising leads to the formation of the Zaporizhian Host, whereby in the Treaty of Zboriv three provinces get under the control of the Cossacks under Russian protectorate. The host is governed by a general cossack council that elects the hetman as head of state. 1651: The Treaty of Bila Tserkva establishes peace between Poland-Lithuania and the Cossacks after the Polish victory at Berestechko. 1654: The Zaporizhian Host joins Russia in the war against Poland-Lithuania. 1658: The Zaporizhian Host defects to the Poles. 1666-1671: Poland-Lithuania gets into war in Ukraine with Crimea and the Zaporozhian Host. 1673: After an Ottoman campaign to help the Ukrainian Cossacks, the Polish leader John Sobieski defeats at Khotyn the Ottomans 1709: The election of a hetman has to be approved by the tsar of Russia. 1735: Russia commences a war with the Ottoman Empire and the Crimean Khanate after Crimean attacks on the Cossack Hetmanate. Russian Empire 1764: The Hetmanate is fully incorporated into Russia. 1869: The Welsh businessman John Hughes establishes the town of Yuzovka. Russian Republic 1917: A broad revolution commences. In a second revolution the provisional government is overthrown. In reaction to the revolution the Russian Civil War commences in which non-Bolshevik forces, separatist forces as well as more left wing forces fight the new government. Several entities are established on the territory of Russia. Ukrainian People's Republic 1917: Ukraine is proclaimed by a revolutionary parliament as an autonomous republic of Russia,. A civil war goes on between communists and non-communists. Communists create the Ukrainian Soviet Republic. At the end of the year Ukraine declares its independence. A civil war goes on between communists and non-communists. The Russian bolsheviks start a Ukrainian–Soviet War. 1918: The Ukrainian Soviet Republic is overrun by the Ukrainian People's Republic. The constituent assembly, elected by universal suffrage, proclaims independence. The independence of Ukraine is recognized by the Central Powers at a Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. The same year part of Ukraine is controlled by the Free Territory. Ukrainian State 1918: The republic is continued by the Ukrainian State. Donetsk-Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic 1918: Communists conquer parts of Ukraine. The region around Yuzovka becomes part of a separate Donetsk-Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic, created by Fyodor Sergeyev. Ukrainian Socialist Soviet Republic 1918: Vladimir Lenin orders the republic to dissolve and join the newly founded Ukrainian Socialist Soviet Republic. Ukrainian People's Republic 1918: The communists are defeated by the Ukrainian People's Republic. The region around Yuzovka is disputed between the war factions. Ukrainian Socialist Soviet Republic 1919: After the reconquest of the region, the Ukrainian Socialist Soviet Republic is re-established. 1921: The Ukrainian forces are defeated by the soviet army, marking the end of the republic. Soviet-Ukraine, a Soviet puppet state, takes over the country. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics 1922: Ukraine joins Russia, Belarus and Transcaucasia in the Soviet Union, of which these states become constituent states. 1924: Yuzovka is renamed into Stalino. 1928: The Soviet government enforces a collectivization of the agricultural sector consolidating individual landholdings and labour into kolkhozy and sovkhozy. Many kulaks, independent farmes, are executed, arrested or deported to the eastern parts of the Soviet Union. 1930: The Soviet governement establishes a system of forced labour camps for political and other prisoners. 1932: The Donetsk Oblast is established with Stalino as capital. A famine kills millions of people in Ukraine and the Kuban region, which can be considered a genocide carried out by the Soviet government. 1938: The Donetsk Oblast is split and the Voroshilovgrad Oblast is established. German Empire 1941: Nazi Germany invades the Soviet Union and conquers part of the union, Ukraine. Nazi Germany starts a genocide in which around six million jews are killed. 1943: German forces are defeated at Stalingrad, marking the beginning of the Nazi-German collapse in the Soviet Union. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics 1943: Soviet rule is restored in the region. 1961: Stalino is renamed into Donetsk. Ukraine 1991: In a referendum voters agree to stay as a sovereign country in a union with Russia and other former soviet republics. The same year the USSR is dissolved. Donetsk People's Republic 2014: Huge protests in Ukraine spark a revolution. In reaction part of the Donetsk oblast falls in the hands of separatists. Donetsk secedes unrecognized. Donetsk is governed by a provisional government and elects an executive president and supreme soviet. Donetsk and Lugansk announce the creation of a confederation, New Russia. 2015: The creation of New Russia is suspended.

Timeline of Lugansk Introduction - Other timelines - Index of timelines - Ukraine Crimea - Donetsk - Lugansk - Western Ukraine - Other regions in main section

The Lugansk People's Republic (Луганская Народная Республика) is a de facto republic, de jure part of Ukraine, with a popularly elected executive president and a parliament, the People's Soviet, elected in multi-party elections.

Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth 1648: Cossacks in Polish Ukraine start an uprising against Polish nobility. Zaporizhian Host 1649: The Cossack uprising leads to the formation of the Zaporizhian Host. Russian Empire 1764: The Zaporizhian Host is fully incorporated into Russia. 1795: The British industrialist Charles Gascoigne founds a factory near the cossack settlement Kamianyi Brid. The settlement around the factory was known as Luganskiy Zavod. 1882: Both settlements are merged into the city of Lugansk. Russian Republic 1917: A broad revolution commences. In a second revolution the provisional government is overthrown. In reaction to the revolution the Russian Civil War commences in which non-Bolshevik forces, separatist forces as well as more left wing forces fight the new government. Several entities are established on the territory of Russia. Ukrainian People's Republic 1917: Ukraine is proclaimed by a revolutionary parliament as an autonomous republic of Russia,. A civil war goes on between communists and non-communists. Communists create the Ukrainian Soviet Republic. At the end of the year Ukraine declares its independence. A civil war goes on between communists and non-communists. The Russian bolsheviks start a Ukrainian–Soviet War. 1918: The Ukrainian Soviet Republic is overrun by the Ukrainian People's Republic. The constituent assembly, elected by universal suffrage, proclaims independence. The independence of Ukraine is recognized by the Central Powers at a Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. The same year part of Ukraine is controlled by the Free Territory led by the anarcho-communist Nestor Makhno. Ukrainian State 1918: The republic is continued by the Ukrainian State. Donetsk-Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic 1918: Communists conquer parts of Ukraine. The region around Lugansk becomes part of a separate Donetsk-Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic. Ukrainian Socialist Soviet Republic 1918: Vladimir Lenin orders the republic to dissolve and join the newly founded Ukrainian Socialist Soviet Republic. Ukrainian People's Republic 1918: The communists are defeated by the Ukrainian People's Republic. The region around Yuzovka is disputed between the war factions. Ukrainian Socialist Soviet Republic 1919: After the reconquest of the region, the Ukrainian Socialist Soviet Republic is re-established. 1921: The Ukrainin forces are defeated by the soviet army, marking the end of the republic. Soviet-Ukraine, a Soviet puppet state, takes over the country. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics 1922: Ukraine joins Russia, Belarus and Transcaucasia in the Soviet Union, of which these states become constituent states. 1928: The Soviet government enforces a collectivization of the agricultural sector consolidating individual landholdings and labour into kolkhozy and sovkhozy. Many kulaks, independent farmes, are executed, arrested or deported to the eastern parts of the Soviet Union. 1930: The Soviet governement establishes a system of forced labour camps for political and other prisoners. 1932: The Donetsk Oblast is established with Stalino as capital. A famine kills millions of people in Ukraine and the Kuban region, which can be considered a genocide carried out by the Soviet government. 1935: Lugansk is renamed into Voroshilovgrad. 1938: The Donetsk Oblast is split and the Voroshilovgrad Oblast is established with Voroshilovgrad as capital. German Empire 1941: Nazi Germany and its allies Hungary and Romania invade the Soviet Union and conquer part of the union, Ukraine. Nazi Germany starts a genocide in which around six million jews are killed. 1943: German forces are defeated at Stalingrad, marking the beginning of the Nazi-German collapse in the Soviet Union. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics 1944: Soviet rule is restored in the region. 1970: Voroshilovgrad is renamed into Lugansk. Ukraine 1991: In a referendum voters agree to stay as a sovereign country in a union with Russia and other former soviet republics. The same year the USSR is dissolved. Lugansk People's Republic 2014: Huge protests in Ukraine spark a revolution. In reaction part of the Lugansk Oblast falls in the hands of separatists. Lugansk secedes unrecognized and is governed by a provisional government. Donetsk and Lugansk announce the creation of a confederation, New Russia. 2015: The creation of New Russia is suspended.

Timeline of Western Ukraine Introduction - Other timelines - Index of timelines - Ukraine Crimea - Donetsk - Lugansk - Western Ukraine - Other regions in main section

Grand Principality of Rus' 882: Varangians from Sweden settle in present-day Northern Russia. Rurik or Rørik, a Varangian chieftain, became in 862 the first prince of Rus', centered in Novgorod. His son Oleg conquers Kiev (Kiyiv) and makes it the capital of Rus'. It succeeds the Rus' Khaganate. The state is from that moment also rendered as Kievan Rus'. Rus' includes large parts of present-day Northern, Western and South Western Russia, Ukraine, Polish Galicia and Belarus. In this state the Varangians merge into the East Slavs. Since 980s: The grand princes of Rus'(or Kiev), like Vladimir Svyatoslavich, create principalities inside Rus' as appanages. Among them are Chernigov, Halych, Kiev, Minsk, Moscow, Murom-Ryazan, Novgorod, Novgorod-Seversk, Pereyaslavl, Polotsk, Rostov, Smolensk, Tmutarkan, Turov, Tver, Vladimir-Suzdal, Volhynia, and Yaroslavl. Principality of Volhynia 1119: Inside Rus' Ivan Vasylkovych becomes prince of Volhynia. Principality of Halych 1189: Prince Roman Mstislavich of Volhynia becomes prince of Halych. 1205: Prince Roman is defeated by high duke Leszek of Poland. Kingdom of Hungary 1214: The principalities are annexed to Hungary. Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia 1221: Danylo Romanovych becomes king of united independent Galicia-Volhynia. 1340: After the poisoning of prince Boleslaw-Yuri II of Galicia, both Lithuania and Poland advances claims over the principality, which leads to an armed conflict. Kingdom of Poland 1349: Galicia-Volhynia is annexed to Poland. 1392: After a prolonged conflict since 1340, Galicia–Volhynia is divided between Poland and Lithuania. Grand Duchy of Lithuania 1349: Part of Volhynia falls to Lithuania. 1392: After a prolonged conflict since 1340, Galicia–Volhynia is divided between Poland and Lithuania. Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth 1569: Poland and Lithuania merge into the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Ottoman Empire 1672: When khan Selim Geray of Crimea is defeated by the Polish forces, the war develops into a war between Poland-Lithuania and the Ottoman Empire. The Treaty of Buczacz brings Podolia under Ottoman control. 1676: The Ottoman Empire commences a war against Russia in Ukraine. The Battle of Żurawno ends indecisive and the Poland-Lithuania and the Ottoman Empire agree on the Treaty of Żurawno, in which Poland-Lithuania regains part of the lost territories. 1699: The Treaty of Karlowitz ends the war with the Ottoman Empire. The Ottomans return Podolia to Poland-Lithuania. 1768: The Bar Confederation of Polish magnates fights both the Russian Empire and king Stanisław II August Poniatowski. Habsburg Monarchy 1772: The Russian victory over the Bar Confederation leads to the first partition of Poland. Prussia, Habsburg Austria and Russia annex part of the country. Austria annexes parts of Polish Galicia. 1792: In reaction to a new constitution an alliance of Polish nobles and Russia stage a war. The Russian victory leads to the second partition of Poland, in which Russia annexes large parts of the country. 1795: In a reaction to an uprising in Poland, Russia, Russia and Austria decide to wipe out Poland-Lithuania and with the third partition they divide the country between themselves. Empire of Austria 1804: Archduke Franz II becomes emperor of Austria, being at the same time emperor of the Holy Roman Empire (until 1806). The Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria forms a constituent kingdom.. Austrian-Hungarian Monarchy 1867: Emperor Franz Joseph makes Austria a constitutional dual monarchy as the Austrian-Hungarian Monarchy. 1914: After Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia, Russia declares war on Austria-Hungary and Germany West Ukrainian People's Republic 1918: Austria-Hungary and the other Central Powers lose World War I. Austria-Hungary collapses. Ukrainian members of the Austrian and provincial parliaments, establish the Ukrainian National Council and proclaim West Ukraine. A war between Poland and Western Ukraine over Galicia commences. 1919: West Ukraine unites de jure with Ukraine, but the two republics remain de facto collaborating separate entities. Ukrainians in Hungarian Carpatho-Ukraine proclaim the Hutsul Republic, that wants to unite with West Ukraine. It is defeated the same year and annexed to Czechoslovakia. Shortly after Polish forces take over most of the territory claimed by the republic and a republic in exile is formed in Kamianets-Podilskyi. Republic of Poland 1920: Ukraine recognizes Galicia being part of Poland. Galician Soviet Socialist Republic 1920: In parts of the region the Galician SSR is established. 1920: Poland defeats the Galician SSR. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics 1939: Nazi Germany and the Soviet-Union sign the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact. World War II starts with the invasion by Nazi Germany of Poland. France and the United Kingdom declare war on Nazi Germany. The Soviet Union invades Poland. Poland is divided between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union is expelled from the League of Nations. West-Ukraine is occupied by the Soviet Union and added to Ukraine. Ukrainians proclaim in Czechoslovak Carpatho-Ukraine, but are defeated by Hungary the same month. 1940: Finland is defeated by the Soviet Union and loses some of its territory. The Soviet Union invades and annexes Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. The Soviet Union invades Romania and annexes Bessarabia and Bukovina. German Empire 1941: As part of the invasion of the Soviet Union, Western Ukraine is occupied by Nazi Germany and added to the General Government. Nazi Germany starts a genocide in which around six million jews are killed. The Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists declares an independent Ukrainian State. The attempt is crushed by the Germany. 1942: The Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA) is active in resistance against both the German occupation and the Soviet army. 1943: German forces are defeated at Stalingrad, marking the beginning of the Nazi-German collapse in the Soviet Union. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics 1944: Western Ukraine is conquered by the Soviet Union. After the Soviet army defeated the Germans, the UPA remains until 1948 active in resistance to Soviet rule.