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Crimean Socialist Soviet Republic

Coordinates: 45°15′N 34°15′E / 45.250°N 34.250°E / 45.250; 34.250
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Crimean Socialist Soviet Republic
Крымская Социалистическая Советская Республика (Russian)
Krymskaja Socialističeskaja Sovetskaja Respublika
1919
CapitalSimferopol
Common languages
GovernmentSocialist republic
Chairman 
• 1919
Dmitry Ulyanov
LegislatureRevolutionary committee
Historical eraRussian Civil War
• Bolshevik invasion of Crimea · Fall of the Crimean Regional Government
Mar–Apr 1919
• Republic established
May 1919
• White Movement Volunteer army offensive
June 1919
• Republic defeated · White Movement control established
June
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Crimean Regional Government
General Command of the Armed Forces of South Russia
Today part of[nb 1]

The Crimean Socialist Soviet Republic[4] (Russian: Крымская Социалистическая Советская Республика or Крымская Советская Социалистическая Республика;[5] Crimean Tatar: Qırım Şuralar Sotsialistik Cumhuriyeti) or the Soviet Socialist Republic of the Crimea[6] was a state allied with Soviet Russia that existed in Crimea for several months in 1919 during the Russian Civil War. It was the second Bolshevik government in Crimea[6] and its capital was Simferopol.[5]

Description

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In April 1919, the Bolsheviks invaded Crimea for the second time (the first was in March 1918 and led to the creation of the short-lived Taurida Soviet Socialist Republic). After the conquest of Crimea (with the exception of the Kerch Peninsula) by the 3rd Ukrainian Red Army, a Crimean Regional Party Conference at Simferopol from 28–29 April adopted a resolution forming the Crimean Soviet Socialist Republic and a revolutionary committee government.[5]

By 30 April, the Bolsheviks had occupied the entire peninsula and, on 5 May, the government was formed with Dmitry Ilyich Ulyanov, Vladimir Lenin's brother, as chairman.[5][6] On 1 June, the Crimean SSR joined in military union with soviet republics in Russia, Ukraine, Belorussia, Lithuania, and Latvia.[6]

The republic was declared to be a non-national entity based on the equality of all nationalities.[5] Nationalization of industry and confiscation of the land of landlords, kulaks, and the church were implemented.[5] The Crimean SSR was more friendly toward the interests of Crimean Tatars than the Taurida SSR had been and leftist Tatars were allowed to take positions in the government.[6]

Starting in late May, Anton Denikin's White Volunteer Army, which had been gaining strength, threatened seizure of Crimea.[5] On 18 June, White forces under Yakov Slashchov (Яков Слащёв) landed in the area Koktebel and, as a result, the authorities of the Crimean SSR were evacuated from Crimea from 23–26 June and the Whites assumed control of the peninsula.[5] Crimea did not have its own government again until the formation of the South Russian Government by the Whites in February 1920.

Soviet government

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References

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  1. ^ Gutterman, Steve (18 March 2014). "Putin signs Crimea treaty, will not seize other Ukraine regions". Reuters.com. Retrieved 26 March 2014.
  2. ^ "Ukraine crisis timeline". BBC News. 13 November 2014.
  3. ^ UN General Assembly adopts resolution affirming Ukraine's territorial integrity Archived 2018-03-04 at the Wayback Machine, China Central Television (28 March 2014)
  4. ^ Harold Henry Fisher. The Famine in Soviet Russia, 1919-1923: The Operations of the American Relief Administration. Ayer Publishing, 1971. p. 278. ISBN 978-0-8369-5650-4
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h «Крымская ССР» Хронос: Историческая Энциклопедия. ("Crimean SSR". Chronos: Historical Encyclopedia.) Retrieved 20 April 2011. (in Russian)
  6. ^ a b c d e Alan W. Fisher. The Crimean Tatars. Hoover Press, 1978. p. 128. ISBN 978-0-8179-6662-1

See also

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45°15′N 34°15′E / 45.250°N 34.250°E / 45.250; 34.250
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