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Twin Towns

[edit]

Twin Towns that have been completed and table of Twin Towns by country and by region.

Connacht

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County Galway

[edit]

Galway City

[edit]
DenmarkNorth Denmark Region Aalborg, North Jutland Region, Denmark (1997)[1]
New Zealand Auckland, Auckland Region, New Zealand (2002)[1]
United KingdomEngland Bradford, England, United Kingdom (1986)[1]
United StatesMassachusetts Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States (1994)[1][2]
United StatesIllinois Chicago, Illinois, United States (1997)[1][2]
FranceBrittany Lorient, Brittany, France (1975)[1]
United StatesCalifornia Menlo Park, California, United States (2015)[1]
United StatesWisconsin Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States (2001)[1][2]
CanadaNew Brunswick Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada (2002)[1]
China Qingdao, Shandong Province, China (1999)[1]
United StatesWashington (state) Seattle, Washington, United States (1986)[1][2]
United KingdomScotland Stirling, Scotland, United Kingdom (2012)[1]
United StatesMissouri St. Louis, Missouri, United States (1977)[1][2]

Galway County

[edit]
FranceBrittany Quimperlé, Brittany, France (2004)[3]
CanadaNewfoundland and Labrador Renews-Cappahayden, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada (2013)[4]
FrancePays de la Loire Chalonnes-sur-Loire, Pays de la Loire, France (1991)[5]
United StatesNebraska Boys Town, Nebraska, United States (2002)[2][6]
MexicoMexico City Coyoacán, Mexico City, Mexico (2012)[7]
FranceBrittany Le Faouët, Brittany, France[8]
United StatesCalifornia Morgan Hill, California, United States[9]
FranceBrittany Clohars-Fouesnant, Brittany, France (2012)[10]
GermanyBavaria Straubing, Bavaria, Germany (1984)[11][12]

County Leitrim

[edit]
FranceBrittany Cesson-Sévigné, Brittany, France (1999)[13]
FranceBrittany Locquirec, Brittany, France (1997)[14]

County Roscommon

[edit]
United StatesArizona Tucson, Arizona, United States[2]
FranceÎle-de-France Chartrettes, Île-de-France, France (1998)[15]

County Sligo

[edit]
FranceBrittany Crozon, Brittany, France (1985)[16]
United StatesWashington (state) Everett, Washington, United States[17]
GermanyBavaria Kempten, Bavaria, Germany (1990)[11][18]
United StatesFlorida Tallahassee, Florida, United States (1995)[2][19]

Leinster

[edit]

County Carlow

[edit]
United StatesIowa Davenport, Iowa, United States (2006)[20][21]
FranceBourgogne-Franche-Comté Dole, Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, France[20]
United KingdomEngland Northwich, England, United Kingdom[20]
United StatesArizona Tempe, Arizona, United States (1998)[2][20][22]
United StatesNew Jersey Hackettstown, New Jersey, United States (1995)[23]
FranceBrittany Pont-Péan, Brittany, France (2000)[24]

County Dublin

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Dublin City

[edit]
SpainCatalonia Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain (1998)[25]
China Beijing, Beijing Municipality, China (2010)[25]
United KingdomEngland Liverpool, England, United Kingdom (1997)[25]
State of Palestine Nablus, Nablus Governorate, Palestine[26][27]
United StatesCalifornia San Jose, California, United States (1986)[2][25]

Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown

[edit]
United KingdomWales Anglesey, Wales, United Kingdom (1987)[28][29]
FranceBrittany Brest, Brittany, France (1984)[28]
China Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China (2013)[28]
JapanShimane Prefecture Izumo, Shimane Prefecture, Japan (2008)[28]
FranceÎle-de-France Vincennes, Île-de-France, France (2019)[30]

Fingal

[edit]
United StatesNew Jersey Belmar, New Jersey, United States (2008)[31]
GermanySaarland Sankt Wendel, Saarland, Germany (2008)[32]
FranceBrittany Landéan, Brittany, France (1995)[33]
FranceBrittany Quistinic, Brittany, France (1993)[34]
FranceBrittany Thorigné-Fouillard, Brittany, France (1993)[35]
FranceBrittany Gourin, Brittany, France[36]
ItalySicily San Mauro Castelverde, Sicily, Italy[37]
FranceBrittany Guichen, Brittany, France (1994)[38]
FranceÎle-de-France Ozoir-la-Ferrière, Île-de-France, France (1991)[39]

South Dublin

[edit]
United KingdomEngland Brent, England, United Kingdom (1997)[40]
United StatesFlorida Tampa, Florida, United States (2015)[41]
FranceBourgogne-Franche-Comté École-Valentin, Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, France (2000)[42]

County Meath

[edit]
United StatesNorth Carolina Cary, North Carolina, United States (2001)[2][43]
China Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China (2014)[43]
SpainGalicia (Spain) Corcubión, Galicia, Spain (2017)[43]
FranceHauts-de-France Automne Villagesa, Hauts-de-France, France (2000)[43][44]
United KingdomScotland Iona, Scotland, United Kingdom[43]
ItalyEmilia-Romagna Bobbio, Emilia-Romagna, Italy (2003)[43]
ItalyLazio Broccostella, Lazio, Italy (2006)[43]
CanadaOntario Tecumseh, Ontario, Canada (2009)[43]
FranceNormandy Étrépagny, Normandy, France (1989)[43]

County Offaly

[edit]
United StatesArizona Chandler, Arizona, United States (2009)[45]

County Westmeath

[edit]
FrancePays de la Loire Châteaubriant, Pays de la Loire, France (1995)[46]

County Wexford

[edit]
MexicoVeracruz Yanga, Veracruz, Mexico[47]
FranceOccitania (administrative region) Gimont, Occitanie, France (1992)[48]
United StatesWashington (state) Yelm, Washington, United States (1996)[49]
United KingdomScotland Oban, Scotland, United Kingdom[48][50]
United StatesConnecticut Hartford, Connecticut, United States[2]
FranceNouvelle-Aquitaine Moncoutant, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France[51]
United Kingdom Newcastle, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom (1985)[52]
United StatesMaryland Annapolis, Maryland, United States (1993)[2][53][54]
FrancePays de la Loire Couëron, Pays de la Loire, France (1982)[53][55]
ItalyEmilia-Romagna Lugo, Emilia-Romagna, Italy (2013)[53]

County Wicklow

[edit]
ChinaHainan Hainan Province, China (2017)[56]
United StatesFlorida Seminole County, Florida, United States (1991)[57]
GermanyBavaria Würzburg, Bavaria, Germany (1999)[56][58]
United KingdomWales Aberystwyth, Wales, United Kingdom (2016)[59]
FranceCentre-Val de Loire Châteaudun, Centre-Val de Loire, France (1983)[56][60]
United KingdomEngland Bromham, England, United Kingdom (1997)[61]
FranceNouvelle-Aquitaine Bègles, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France (1994)[56][62]
United StatesCalifornia Dublin, California, United States (1987)[2][56][63][64]
GermanyBavaria Würzburg, Bavaria, Germany (1999)[11][56][65]
United KingdomWales Holyhead, Wales, United Kingdom (2012)[56][66]
Czech RepublicCentral Bohemian Region Otročiněves, Central Bohemian Region, Czech Republic (2008)[67]
FranceBrittany Spézet, Brittany, France (1986)[68]
GermanyHesse Eichenzell, Hesse, Germany (2011)[11][56][69]
FranceÎle-de-France Montigny-le-Bretonneux, Île-de-France, France (1993)[56][70]
United KingdomWales Porthmadog, Wales, United Kingdom (2006)[56][71]

Munster

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County Cork

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Cork City

[edit]
GermanyThuringia Mechterstädt, Thuringia, Germany (2004)[11][72][73]
FranceÎle-de-France Saclay, Île-de-France, France (1994)[72][73]
GermanyNorth Rhine-Westphalia Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany (1988)[11][72][74]
United KingdomEngland Coventry, England, United Kingdom (1958)[72][74]
RussiaKaliningrad Oblast Kaliningrad, Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia[75]
FranceBrittany Rennes, Brittany, France (1982)[72][74]
United StatesCalifornia San Francisco, California, United States (1984)[2][72][74]
United KingdomWales Swansea, Wales, United Kingdom (1994)[72][74]
China Shanghai, Shanghai Municipality, China (2005)[72][74]

Cork County

[edit]
United StatesIllinois Cook County, Illinois, United States (1999)[72]
FranceBrittany Cléden-Cap-Sizun, Brittany, France (1999)[76]
FranceBrittany Lanrivain, Brittany, France (1985)[77]
FranceBrittany Trémargat, Brittany, France (1985)[77]
United StatesOregon Bandon, Oregon, United States[78]
United StatesWisconsin La Crosse, Wisconsin, United States (2005)[72][79]
FranceBrittany Pont-l'Abbé, Brittany, France (1983)[72][80]
FranceBrittany Guidel, Brittany, France (1987)[72][81]
GermanyBavaria Kirchseeon, Bavaria, Germany (2015)[81]
FranceBrittany Plouaret/Le Vieux-Marché, Brittany, France (1996)[82]
FranceBrittany Châteaulin, Brittany, France (1986)[72][83]
GermanyBavaria Waldaschaff, Bavaria, Germany (1989)[11][72][84]
BrazilSão Paulo (state) Cruzeiro, São Paulo, Brazil[85]
PolandSubcarpathian Voivodeship Kolbuszowa, Podkarpackie Voivodeship, Poland (2002)[85][86]
United StatesLouisiana Lake Charles, Louisiana, United States (2008)[85][87]
United KingdomWales Pontarddulais, Wales, United Kingdom[85][88]
FranceBrittany Ploërmel, Brittany, France (1984)[85][89]
FranceBrittany Peumerit-Quintin, Brittany, France (1985)[77]
FranceBrittany Quéven, Brittany, France (1987)[90]
FranceBrittany Ploemeur, Brittany, France (1982)[72][91]
FranceBrittany Kergrist-Moëlou, Brittany, France (1985)[77]
FranceProvence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur Antibes, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France (1990)[92]
United KingdomWales Mumbles, Wales, United Kingdom (1992)[92]
United StatesRhode Island Newport, Rhode Island, United States (1999)[92][93]
FranceBrittany Bubry, Brittany, France (1980)[72][94]
ItalyLombardy Marcallo con Casone, Lombardy, Italy (2002)[72][94]
United StatesIllinois Tinley Park, Illinois, United States (2002)[2][72][95]
FranceBrittany Tréguier, Brittany, France (1990)[72][96]
FranceBrittany Pommerit-le-Vicomte, Brittany, France (1985)[97]
FranceNouvelle-Aquitaine Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France (1997)[98]
FranceBrittany Penmarch, Brittany, France[72]

County Kerry

[edit]
United StatesNorth Carolina Beaufort, North Carolina, United States[2]
FranceBrittany Bannalec, Brittany, France (2007)[99]
ItalyLazio Tolfa, Lazio, Italy (1998)[100]
United StatesMassachusetts West Springfield, Massachusetts, United States (2017)[101]
ItalyLazio Casperia, Lazio, Italy (2017)[102]
ItalySicily Castiglione di Sicilia, Sicily, Italy (1986)[99]
United StatesNorth Carolina Concord, North Carolina, United States (1993)[2][99]
United StatesFlorida Cooper City, Florida, United States (2003)[99]
United KingdomEngland Kendal, England, United Kingdom (2004)[99]
United StatesSouth Carolina Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, United States (2007)[99]
GermanyBavaria Pleinfeld, Bavaria, Germany (2007)[99]
FranceCentre-Val de Loire Saint-Avertin, Centre-Val de Loire, France (2004)[99]
United StatesArizona Scottsdale, Arizona, United States (2017)[102]
United StatesIllinois Springfield, Illinois, United States (1996)[99]
SwedenScania Staffanstorp, Scania, Sweden (2008)[99]
FranceBrittany Plouha, Brittany, France (1999)[103]
United Kingdom Downpatrick, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom (1981)[104]
United StatesCalifornia Los Gatos, California, United States (1994)[105]
FranceAuvergne-Rhône-Alpes Panissières, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France (1992)[106]
United StatesKansas Shawnee, Kansas, United States (1985)[107]
State of Palestine Beit Sahour, Bethlehem Governorate, Palestine (2019)[108]
United StatesMassachusetts Holyoke, Massachusetts, United States (2017)[109]
United StatesMassachusetts Springfield, Massachusetts, United States[110]
United StatesOhio Westlake, Ohio, United States (2009)[111]

County Limerick

[edit]
GermanyBaden-Württemberg Hohenlohe, Baden-Württemberg, Germany (1990)[11][112]
United StatesNew Jersey New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States (1999)[2][112][113]
GermanyBavaria Buchloe, Bavaria, Germany[113]
GermanyBrandenburg Buckow, Brandenburg, Germany (2015)[114]
FranceÎle-de-France Villecresnes, Île-de-France, France (2013)[112]
United StatesKansas Wyandotte County, Kansas, United States (2009)[112]
FranceBrittany Langonnet, Brittany, France[113]
SpainGalicia (Spain) A Coruña, Galicia, Spain[112]
United KingdomEngland Birmingham, England, United Kingdom[112]
United StatesMassachusetts Boston, Massachusetts, United States (2016)[113]
United StatesKansas Kansas City, Kansas, United States[113]
United StatesPennsylvania Limerick Township, Pennsylvania, United States[113]
United StatesMassachusetts Lowell, Massachusetts, United States[113]
FranceBrittany Quimper, Brittany, France (1981)[112][113][115]
United StatesCalifornia Santa Clara, California, United States (2014)[112]
United StatesWashington (state) Spokane, Washington, United States (1990)[2][112][113]
PolandPomeranian Voivodeship Starogard Gdański, Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland[112]
FranceÎle-de-France Évry-Grégy-sur-Yerre, Île-de-France, France (1996)[112]

County Waterford

[edit]
United KingdomEngland Abbotskerswell, England, United Kingdom (1996)[116]
FranceNormandy Le Pré-d'Auge/Les Monceaux, Normandy, France (1996)[116]
United StatesPennsylvania Erie, Pennsylvania, United States (2007)[117]
AustraliaNew South Wales Lismore, New South Wales, Australia (2000)[118]
United StatesNew York (state) Rochester, New York, United States (1983)[2][119]
FrancePays de la Loire Saint-Herblain, Pays de la Loire, United States (1982)[120][121]
CanadaNewfoundland and Labrador St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada (2002)[122]

Ulster

[edit]

County Cavan

[edit]
FranceNouvelle-Aquitaine Jaunay-Clan, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France (1989)[123]

County Donegal

[edit]
United StatesMichigan Beaver Island, Michigan, United States[124]
FranceHauts-de-France Grenay, Hauts-de-France, France (2008)[125]
FranceBrittany Séné, Brittany, France (1991)[125]
United StatesKentucky Campbellsville, Kentucky, United States[126]
FranceBrittany Fréhel/Plévenon, Brittany, France[127]
Cyprus Agros, Limassol District, Cyprus (2011)[128]
SpainValencian Community Altea, Valencian Community, Spain (1991)[128]
Finland Asikkala, Päijät-Häme, Finland (2016)[128]
GermanyBavaria Bad Kötzting, Bavaria, Germany (1991)[11][128]
ItalyLombardy Bellagio, Lombardy, Italy (1991)[128]
PolandWest Pomeranian Voivodeship Chojna, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland (2004)[128]
FranceNormandy Granville, Normandy, France (1991)[128]
DenmarkCentral Denmark Region Holstebro, Central Denmark Region, Denmark (1991)[128]
BelgiumWallonia Houffalize, Wallonia, Belgium (1991)[128]
AustriaStyria Judenburg, Styria, Austria (1999)[128]
HungaryVas County Kőszeg, Vas County, Hungary (2004)[128]
MaltaMarsaskala Marsaskala, Marsaskala, Malta (2009)[128]
NetherlandsLimburg (Netherlands) Meerssen, Limburg, Netherlands (1991)[128]
Luxembourg Niederanven, Luxembourg, Luxembourg (1991)[128]
Sweden Oxelösund, Södermanland County, Sweden (1998)[128]
Greece Preveza, Epirus, Greece (1991)[128]
Lithuania Rokiškis, Panevėžys County, Lithuania (2018)[128]
CroatiaIstria County Rovinj, Istria County, Croatia (2016)[128]
Portugal Sesimbra, Setúbal District, Portugal (1991)[128]
United KingdomEngland Sherborne, England, United Kingdom (1991)[128]
LatviaSigulda Sigulda, Sigulda Municipality, Latvia (2004)[128]
Romania Siret, Suceava County, Romania (2010)[128]
Slovenia Škofja Loka, Upper Carniola, Slovenia (2011)[128]
Czech RepublicPlzeň Region Sušice, Plzeň Region, Czech Republic (2004)[128]
Bulgaria Tryavna, Gabrovo Province, Bulgaria (2011)[128]
EstoniaJärva County Türi, Järva County, Estonia (2004)[128]
SlovakiaBanská Bystrica Region Zvolen, Banská Bystrica Region, Slovakia (2007)[128]
United StatesPennsylvania Elizabethtown, Pennsylvania, United States (2002)[129]
GermanyThuringia Rudolstadt, Thuringia, Germany (2018)[130]

County Monaghan

[edit]
CanadaOntario Cavan Monaghan, Ontario, Canada[131]
BelgiumFlanders Geel, Flanders, Belgium (1992)[131][132]
CanadaNew Brunswick Miramichi, New Brunswick, Canada (1999)[131][132]
CanadaOntario Peterborough, Ontario, Canada[131][132]
CanadaPrince Edward Island Prince Edward Island, Canada (1994)[131][132]
GermanyBavaria Osterhofen, Bavaria, Germany (2000)[132][133]
FranceBrittany Carhaix-Plouguer, Brittany, France (1996)[132][134]
FranceOccitania (administrative region) Marseillan, Occitanie, France (2013)[132][135]
FranceCentre-Val de Loire Nogent-sur-Vernisson, Centre-Val de Loire, France (2006)[136]
BelgiumFlanders Geel, Flanders, Belgium (1992)[132][137]

Notes

[edit]
a.^ The Automne Villages are Béthancourt-en-Valois, Feigneux, Fresnoy-la-Rivière, Gilocourt, Glaignes, Morienval, Orrouy, Russy-Bémont and Sery-Magneval.[44]

References

[edit]
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  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u "Sister Cities". U.S. Embassy in Ireland. 2020. Retrieved 18 April 2020.
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  82. ^ "Twin Breton towns pay flying visit to Charleville". The Corkman. 27 May 2015. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
  83. ^ "Châteaulin-Clonakilty. Le jumelage fantôme". Le Télégramme. 21 April 2010. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
  84. ^ "30th anniversary of Waldaschaff and Clonakilty twinning". The Opinion. 23 July 2019. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
  85. ^ a b c d e "Cobh History ~ the town with 3 names". Cobh & Harbour Chamber. 2020. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
  86. ^ "Cobh (Irlandia)". Gmina Kolbuszowa. 2020. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
  87. ^ "Lake Charles pairs up with Cobh, Ireland". Flavin Realty Inc. 13 October 2011. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
  88. ^ "Pontarddulais Twinned with Cobh, County Cork". Pontarddulais Town Council. 2020. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
  89. ^ "Échanges et partenariats internationaux". Ville de Ploërmel. 2020. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
  90. ^ "Golf an Important Driver of Dunmanway Twinning Association". Toot La France. 28 October 2014. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
  91. ^ "Fermoy to host group from French twin town". Echo Live. 4 May 2017. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
  92. ^ a b c "Town Twinning with Kinsale". Kinsale. 2020. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
  93. ^ "Delegation from Newport visits Kinsale to mark twinning". The Southern Star. 26 October 2018. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
  94. ^ a b "Twinning". Macroom. 2020. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
  95. ^ "What began on the internet is now a twinning reality". The Corkman. 30 August 2002. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
  96. ^ "Mallow celebrates 20th anniversary with Breton twin". The Corkman. 21 October 2010. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
  97. ^ "About". Millstreet. 2020. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
  98. ^ "Celebrating 10 years of Twinning" (PDF). Marcia Dalton. 25 October 2007. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
  99. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Town Twinning". The Kerryman. 2020. Retrieved 2 May 2020.
  100. ^ "Gemellaggi". Comune di Tolfa. 2020. Retrieved 2 May 2020.
  101. ^ "West Springfield has new twin sister in Dingle, Ireland". MassLive. 13 December 2017. Retrieved 2 May 2020.
  102. ^ a b "Exciting times for Town Twinning Association". Killarney Advertiser. 6 April 2018. Retrieved 2 May 2020.
  103. ^ "Bretons impressed on Killorglin visit". The Kerryman. 6 May 2000. Retrieved 2 May 2020.
  104. ^ "Phil Coulter headlines twin town celebrations". Belfast Telegraph. 23 November 2011. Retrieved 2 May 2020.
  105. ^ "Los Gatos-Listowel Writers Festival is coming up". The Mercury News. 22 September 2016. Retrieved 2 May 2020.
  106. ^ "Listowel Panissieres Town Twinning Committee Celebrate Bastille Day". The Advertiser. 18 July 2019. Retrieved 2 May 2020.
  107. ^ "Showing sisterly love". Shawnee Dispatch. 9 November 2016. Retrieved 2 May 2020.
  108. ^ "Tralee signs twin deal with Palestinian town". The Kerryman. 2020. Retrieved 2 May 2020.
  109. ^ "School exchange program linking Holyoke, Tralee, Ireland benefit of sister-city relationship: Mayor Alex Morse (photos)". MassLive. 26 April 2017. Retrieved 2 May 2020.
  110. ^ "Ferris seeks to strengthen Tralee-Springfield ties". An Phoblacht. 20 March 2003. Retrieved 2 May 2020.
  111. ^ "Sister City Program". City of Westlake. 2020. Retrieved 2 May 2020.
  112. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Sister Cities and Twinnings Management". Limerick City and County Council. 2020. Retrieved 21 May 2020.
  113. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Limerick council to send Mayor to Boston for twinning". Limerick Leader. 26 January 2016. Retrieved 21 May 2020.
  114. ^ "Adare Twinning Project" (PDF). Limerick City and County Council. 19 January 2016. Retrieved 21 May 2020.
  115. ^ "Quimper twins with Limerick" (PDF). Limerick Leader. 21 March 1981. Retrieved 21 May 2020.
  116. ^ a b "Ardmore Twinning Association". Waterford County Museum. 2020. Retrieved 27 April 2020.
  117. ^ "Report by Cllr. Fiachra Ó Céilleachair on Official Visit to Erie, PA, USA". Labour Party (Ireland). 2020. Retrieved 3 September 2007.
  118. ^ "Cultural Relationships". Lismore City Council. 2020. Retrieved 27 April 2020.
  119. ^ "Waterford, Ireland - Sister City Since 1983". City of Rochester. 2020. Retrieved 27 April 2020.
  120. ^ "Les relations internationales". Saint Herblain. 2020. Retrieved 27 April 2020.
  121. ^ "Waterford/St Herblain Town Twinning celebrates 35 years". Munster Express. 2020. Retrieved 8 November 2017.
  122. ^ "Waterford city and St John's, Newfoundland, to be twinned". The Irish Times. 26 June 2002. Retrieved 27 April 2020.
  123. ^ "Cavan Archive News 11th May 1989". The Anglo-Celt. 11 May 1989. Retrieved 18 April 2020.
  124. ^ "Beaver Island and Arranmore". We Love Donegal. 2020. Retrieved 18 April 2020.
  125. ^ a b "Ballyshannon". Coolmore Manor House. 2020. Retrieved 18 April 2020.
  126. ^ "Kentucky 'twins' visit Buncrana". Inishowen News. 20 July 2010. Retrieved 18 April 2020.
  127. ^ "Inishowen French links flourish". Inishowen News. 6 October 2008. Retrieved 18 April 2020.
  128. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa "Member towns". Douzelage. 2020. Retrieved 18 April 2020.
  129. ^ "Memorandum of Understanding" (PDF). Elizabethtown, Pennsylvania. 2 November 2002. Retrieved 18 April 2020.
  130. ^ "Celebrations as Letterkenny is twinned with German town Rudolstadt". Donegal Daily. 2 October 2018. Retrieved 18 April 2020.
  131. ^ a b c d e "Annual Report 2013" (PDF). Monaghan County Council. 2013. Retrieved 18 April 2020.
  132. ^ a b c d e f g h "Links with Monaghan". Monaghan Tourism. 2020. Retrieved 18 April 2020.
  133. ^ "Ballybay and Osterhofen twinning to be further developed by Municipal District". The Northern Standard. 26 June 2015. Retrieved 18 April 2020.
  134. ^ "Jumelages". Ville de Carhaix-Plouguer. 2020. Retrieved 18 April 2020.
  135. ^ "Mayors Sign Town Council Charter in Twinning of Castleblayney and Marseillan". Castleblayney. 2020. Retrieved 18 April 2020.
  136. ^ "Nogent, ville jumelée avec..." Nogent-sur-Vernisson. 2020. Retrieved 18 April 2020.
  137. ^ "Tydavnet — Gheel Twinning". Tydavnet. 2020. Retrieved 18 April 2020.
[edit]


Ireland Towns (twin)

Senators

[edit]
Senators for the Administrative Panel

Key to parties

Sen Election Senator
(Party)		 Senator
(Party)		 Senator
(Party)		 Senator
(Party)		 Senator
(Party)		 Senator
(Party)		 Senator
(Party)
2nd 1938 Christopher Byrne
(FF) 		Thomas Condon
(Independent politicians in Ireland) 		John Newcome
(Independent politicians in Ireland) 		Margaret Mary Pearse
(FF) 		Thomas Ruane
(FF) 		Richard Mulcahy
(FG) 		Michael Hayes
(FG)
3rd 1938 James McGee[a]
(Independent politicians in Ireland) 		Denis Healy
(FF) 		Desmond FitzGerald
(FG)
4th 1943 Joseph Hannigan
(Independent politicians in Ireland) 		Michael Hearne
(FF) 		Richard Walsh
(FF) 		Edward Monahan
(FG)
5th 1944 Andrew Clarkin
(FF) 		Seán Goulding
(FF) 		Thomas Ruane
(FF)
6th 1948 John Finan
(CnaT) 		Patrick Fitzsimons
(Independent politicians in Ireland) 		Margaret Mary Pearse
(FF) 		Jeremiah Ryan
(FG)
7th 1951 James J. McCrea
(Lab) 		Patrick Teehan[b]
(FF) 		Thomas Ruane
(FF) 		Michael J. O'Higgins
(FG)
8th 1954 Louis Walsh
(Independent politicians in Ireland) 		Margaret Mary Pearse
(FF) 		John L. O'Sullivan
(FG) 		Gerry L'Estrange
(FG)
1956 William Woods[c]
(Independent politicians in Ireland)
9th 1957 John O'Leary[d]
(Lab) 		Patrick Fitzsimons
(Independent politicians in Ireland) 		Patrick Connor
(FG)
1960 Gerard B. Dillon[e]
(FF) 		John J. Brennan[f]
(FF)
10th 1961 Cornelius Desmond
(Lab) 		Seán Brady
(FF) 		Liam Ahern
(FF) 		Thomas J. Fitzpatrick
(FG)
11th 1965 Jack McQuillan
(NPD) 		Kieran Egan
(FF) 		Patrick Teehan
(FF) 		Éamon Rooney
(FG) 		Patrick O'Reilly
(FG)
12th 1969 Patrick Norton
(FF) 		Jack Garrett[g]
(FF) 		Patrick Malone[h]
(FG) 		Richard Belton
(FG) 		Patrick J. Reynolds
(FG)
1970 Seán Keegan[i]
(FF)
13th 1973 Bernard McGlinchey
(FF) 		Seán Brosnan[j]
(FF) 		Philip Burton
(FG) 		Andy O'Brien
(FG) 		Thomas Kilbride
(FG)
1975 Micheál Prendergast[k]
(FG)
14th 1977 Michael P. Kitt
(FF) 		Micheál Cranitch
(FF) 		Tras Honan
(FF) 		Liam Burke[l]
(FG) 		Myles Staunton
(FG)
1977 Michael Donnelly[m]
(FF)
1980 Jim Doolan
(FF)
15th 1981 Flor O'Mahony
(Lab) 		Jimmy Leonard
(FF) 		Patrick Kennedy
(FG) 		Katharine Bulbulia
(FG)
16th 1982 Sean Conway
(FF) 		Luke Belton
(FG) 		Billy Kenneally
(FF)
17th 1983 Michael Lynch
(FF) 		Martin O'Donoghue
(FF) 		Patrick Kennedy
(FG)
18th 1987 Michael Doherty
(FF) 		Seán Haughey
(FF) 		Mary Wallace
(FF) 		Joe Doyle
(FG)
19th 1989 Joe Costello
(Lab) 		Michael Finneran
(FF) 		Seán Doherty
(FF) 		Tom Raftery
(FG)
20th 1993 Jan O'Sullivan
(Lab) 		Michael O'Kennedy
(FF) 		Dick Roche
(FF) 		Joe Doyle
(FG) 		Tom Enright
(FG) 		Louis Belton
(FG)
21st 1997 Joe Costello
(Lab) 		Camillus Glynn
(FF) 		Tony Kett[n]
(FF) 		Fintan Coogan Jnr
(FG) 		Fergus O'Dowd
(FG)
22nd 2002 Joanna Tuffy
(Lab) 		Diarmuid Wilson
(FF) 		Timmy Dooley
(FF) 		Joe McHugh
(FG) 		Frank Feighan
(FG)
23rd 2007 Brendan Ryan
(Lab) 		Mark Daly
(FF) 		Paschal Donohoe
(FG) 		Nicky McFadden
(FG)
2009 James Carroll[o]
(FF)
24th 2011 John Kelly
(Lab) 		Denis Landy
(Lab) 		Michael D'Arcy
(FG) 		Tom Sheahan
(FG) 		Martin Conway
(FG)
25th 2016 Niall Ó Donnghaile
(SF) 		Kevin Humphreys
(Lab) 		John Dolan
(Independent politicians in Ireland) 		Maura Hopkins
(FG)
26th 2020 Rebecca Moynihan
(Lab) 		Fiona O'Loughlin
(FF) 		Garret Ahearn
(FG)

Note: The columns in this table are used only for presentational purposes, and no significance should be attached to the order of columns.

Notes
  1. ^ Died on 19 January 1956
  2. ^ Elected to the 16th Dáil at a by-election on 23 June 1960
  3. ^ Elected to Seanad at a by-election on 14 May 1956, replacing James McGee
  4. ^ Died on 21 June 1959
  5. ^ Elected to Seanad at a by-election on 1 November 1960, replacing Patrick Teehan
  6. ^ Elected to Seanad at a by-election on 9 February 1960, replacing John O'Leary
  7. ^ Died on 11 September 1977
  8. ^ Elected to the 19th Dáil at a by-election on 14 April 1970
  9. ^ Elected to Seanad at a by-election on 16 June 1970, replacing Patrick Malone
  10. ^ Elected to the 20th Dáil at a by-election on 13 November 1974
  11. ^ Elected to Seanad at a by-election on 23 April 1975, replacing Seán Brosnan
  12. ^ Elected to 21st Dáil at a by-election on 6 November 1979
  13. ^ Elected to Seanad at a by-election on 7 December 1977, following the death of Jack Garrett
  14. ^ Died on 19 April 2009
  15. ^ Elected to Seanad on 26 November 2009, replacing Tony Kett

TDs

[edit]
Dáil Election Deputy
(Party)		 Deputy
(Party)		 Deputy
(Party)		 Deputy
(Party)		 Deputy
(Party)
4th 1923 James Everett
(Lab) 		Richard Wilson
(FP) 		Christopher Byrne
(CnaG) 		3 seats
1923–1981
5th 1927 (Jun) Séamus Moore
(FF) 		Dermot O'Mahony
(CnaG)
6th 1927 (Sep)
7th 1932
8th 1933
9th 1937 Dermot O'Mahony
(FG)
10th 1938 Patrick Cogan
(Ind)
11th 1943 Christopher Byrne
(FF) 		Patrick Cogan
(CnaT)
12th 1944 James Everett
(NLP) 		Thomas Brennan
(FF)
13th 1948 Patrick Cogan
(Ind)
14th 1951 James Everett
(Lab)
1953 by-election Mark Deering
(FG)
15th 1954 Paudge Brennan
(FF)
16th 1957 James O'Toole
(FF)
17th 1961 Michael O'Higgins
(FG)
18th 1965
1968 by-election Godfrey Timmins
(FG)
19th 1969 Liam Kavanagh
(Lab)
20th 1973 Ciarán Murphy
(FF)
21st 1977
22nd 1981 Paudge Brennan
(FF) 		4 seats
1981–1992
23rd 1982 (Feb) Gemma Hussey
(FG)
24th 1982 (Nov) Paudge Brennan
(FF)
25th 1987 Dick Roche
(FF) 		Joe Jacob
(FF)
26th 1989 Godfrey Timmins
(FG)
27th 1992 Liz McManus
(DL) 		Johnny Fox
(Ind)
1995 by-election Mildred Fox
(Ind)
28th 1997 Dick Roche
(FF) 		Billy Timmins
(FG)
29th 2002 Liz McManus
(Lab)
30th 2007 Andrew Doyle
(FG) 		Joe Behan
(FF)
31st 2011 Anne Ferris
(Lab) 		Stephen Donnelly
(Ind) 		Simon Harris
(FG)
32nd 2016 John Brady
(SF) 		Stephen Donnelly
(SD) 		Pat Casey
(FF)
33rd 2020 Stephen Donnelly
(FF) 		Jennifer Whitmore
(SD) 		Steven Matthews
(GP)

Constituency profile

[edit]

The constituency comprises some of the most diverse geography differences in the country, stretching from large urban areas in the north east to small rural villages in the south west, divided by mountains running down the centre of the constituency. Wicklow is the county capital while Bray is by far the largest town in the constituency. The counting of votes during elections takes place in Greystones.

Left of centre parties tend to perform better in the north east areas of the constituency, such as Bray, Greystones and Newtownmountkennedy. Right of centre parties tend perform better in more rural parts of the constituency, especially in the south and west.

3 of the current 5 TD's represent left of centre parties while another current TD, Stephen Donnelly of Fianna Fáil, was previously elected in the constituency for a left of centre party. Both Donnelly of Fianna Fáil and Simon Harris of Fine Gael are also considered to be on the more progressive wings of their respective parties. All of the constituencies current TD's are based in either Bray or Greystones.

As a whole, the county and constituency of Wicklow is the most progressive and left leaning one in the country outside of Dublin. Wicklow had the highest vote for yes outside of Dublin in both the 2015 Marriage Equality Referendum and the 2018 Abortion Referendum, as well as the highest percentage vote for yes for a county outside of Dublin.

Constituency profile

[edit]

The constituency comprises Ballyfermot, Bluebell, Crumlin, Drimnagh, Dolphin's Barn, the Liberties, Chapelizod, Walkinstown and parts of Terenure on the fringes. The largest employers in the area are the Guinness Brewery and St. James's Hospital. Dubbed the "People's republic of Dublin South-Central,[1] the constituency is one of the country's most left-wing, with all of the TDs from centre-left or left-wing parties.[2] Both Labour Party TDs elected in 2011 had previously been members of other left-wing parties: Eric Byrne was a former member of the Workers' Party of Ireland and Democratic Left, and Michael Conaghan had stood in a number of elections for Jim Kemmy's Democratic Socialist Party.

Constituency profile

[edit]

By geographical area, Dublin South-East was the smallest constituency in the country. It had a diverse socio-economic profile and a large transient population which is reflected in the turnout: the constituency had one of the lowest turnouts in the country in 2007 and 2011.[3][4]

Notable Dublin South-East TDs include former Taoisigh John A. Costello and Garret FitzGerald, the former leader of the Progressive Democrats Michael McDowell, maverick left-wing politician Noël Browne and former Minister of Education Ruairi Quinn (who has the distinction of being its longest-serving, first elected in 1977 and continuously elected since February 1982). The former President of Ireland, Mary McAleese, unsuccessfully contested the constituency for Fianna Fáil in 1987.

The 'Rumble in Ranelagh' is a term used by Irish journalists to describe an open argument that took place between candidates Michael McDowell and John Gormley in Ranelagh, while canvassing in the 2007 general election. Gormley twice defeated McDowell to take the last seat, in 1997 and again in 2007, both times by relatively small margins. The 1997 result led to a mammoth recount, the longest in Irish political history, before McDowell conceded defeat.

Senators

[edit]
Senators nominated by the Taoiseach
Key to parties
Sen Year Senator
(Party)		 Senator
(Party)		 Senator
(Party)		 Senator
(Party)		 Senator
(Party)		 Senator
(Party)		 Senator
(Party)		 Senator
(Party)		 Senator
(Party)		 Senator
(Party)		 Senator
(Party)
2nd 1938 Robert Farnan
(FF) 		T. V. Honan
(FF) 		Douglas Hyde[a]
(Independent politicians in Ireland) 		John Keane
(Independent politicians in Ireland) 		Margaret L. Kennedy
(FF) 		Peadar Mac Fhionnlaoich[b]
(Independent politicians in Ireland) 		William Magennis[c]
(Independent politicians in Ireland) 		Frank MacDermot
(FF) 		Maurice Moore[d]
(FF) 		David Robinson
(FF) 		Matthew Stafford
(FF)
1938 Patrick Keohane[e][f]
(Independent politicians in Ireland)
3rd 1938
1939 Liam Ó Buachalla
(FF)
1940 Laurence O'Neill
(Independent politicians in Ireland)
1942 Pádraic Ó Máille[g]
(FF)
4th 1943 Seán Campbell
(Lab) 		Peter O'Loghlen
(FF) 		Margaret Mary Pearse
(FF)
5th 1944 Thomas Foran
(Lab)
1946 Edward Pakenham
(Independent politicians in Ireland) 		Pádraig Ó Siochfhradha
(Independent politicians in Ireland)
6th 1948 George Bennett
(FG) 		Eleanor Butler
(Lab) 		James Douglas
(Independent politicians in Ireland) 		Denis Ireland
(CnaP) 		Patrick McCartan
(CnaP) 		James McCrea
(Lab) 		Edward McGuire
(Independent politicians in Ireland) 		Séamus O'Farrell
(Independent politicians in Ireland) 		Edward Richards-Orpen
(Independent politicians in Ireland) 		Edmund Sweetman
(FG) 		Patrick Woulfe
(Independent politicians in Ireland)
7th 1951 Robert Farnan
(FF) 		T. V. Honan
(FF) 		Daniel Corkery
(FF) 		Seán Goulding
(FF) 		Joseph Johnston
(Independent politicians in Ireland) 		Eamonn Kissane
(FF) 		Pádraig Ó Siochfhradha
(Independent politicians in Ireland) 		Seán O'Donovan
(FF) 		Seán O'Grady
(FF) 		Margaret Mary Pearse
(FF) 		Michael Yeats
(FF)
8th 1954 Patrick Bergin
(Lab) 		Arthur Cox
(Independent politicians in Ireland) 		James Douglas[h]
(Independent politicians in Ireland) 		Henry Guinness
(Independent politicians in Ireland) 		Michael Hayes
(FG) 		James Hickey
(Lab) 		John Meighan
(CnaT) 		Frank O'Donnell
(Independent politicians in Ireland) 		Patrick O'Gorman
(FG) 		James Reidy
(FG) 		James Tunney
(Lab)
1954 John Douglas
(Independent politicians in Ireland)
9th 1957 Robert Farnan
(FF) 		Seán Brady
(FF) 		Nora Connolly O'Brien
(FF) 		John Copeland Cole
(Independent politicians in Ireland) 		Seán Moylan[i]
(FF) 		Thomas Mullins
(FF) 		Pádraig Ó Siochfhradha[j]
(Independent politicians in Ireland) 		Seán O'Donovan
(FF) 		Seán O'Grady
(FF) 		Margaret Mary Pearse[k]
(FF) 		Laurence Walsh
(FF)
1958 Louis Walsh
(Independent politicians in Ireland)
10th 1961 John J. Brennan
(FF) 		Gus Healy
(FF) 		Joe Mooney
(FF) 		Tom Nolan
(FF) 		William Sheldon
(Independent politicians in Ireland)
1964 Kit Ahern
(FF)
11th 1965 Gerald Boland
(FF) 		Joseph Lenehan
(FF) 		James Ryan
(FF) 		Michael Yeats
(FF)
1968 Farrell McElgunn
(FF)
12th 1969 John J. Brennan
(FF) 		Micheál Cranitch
(FF) 		Brendan Crinion
(FF) 		Peggy Farrell
(FF) 		Thomas Flanagan
(Independent politicians in Ireland) 		Michael Gallanagh
(FF) 		Neville Keery
(FF) 		Terence O'Sullivan
(FF)
13th 1973 John Blennerhassett
(FG) 		Austin Deasy[l]
(FG) 		Benjamin Guinness
(FG) 		Brendan Halligan[m]
(Lab) 		Michael D. Higgins
(Lab) 		Patrick Kerrigan[l]
(Lab) 		Patrick W. McGrath
(FG) 		Michael Mullen
(Lab) 		Michael J. O'Higgins
(FG) 		Paddy O'Toole[l]
(FG) 		James Sanfey
(FG)
1976 Ruairi Quinn
(Lab)
1977 Liam Burke
(FG) 		Frank King
(Lab) 		Martin Finn
(FG)
14th 1977 Séamus Brennan[n]
(FF) 		Séamus de Brún
(FF) 		Eileen Cassidy
(FF) 		Valerie Goulding
(FF) 		Mary Harney[n]
(FF) 		Valentine Jago
(FF) 		Gordon Lambert
(Independent politicians in Ireland) 		Bernard McGlinchey
(FF) 		Noel Mulcahy
(FF) 		T. K. Whitaker
(Independent politicians in Ireland) 		Michael Yeats[o]
(FF)
1980 Jim Ruttle
(FF)
1981 P. J. Mara
(FF) 		Joseph O'Neill
(FF)
15th 1981 Ulick Burke
(FG) 		John F. Carroll
(Lab) 		Timmy Conway
(Lab) 		Jim Dooge
(FG) 		Paddy Dunne
(Lab) 		Robert Fausset
(FG) 		Jim Higgins
(FG) 		Miriam Kearney
(FG) 		Pat Magner
(Lab) 		Seán O'Leary
(FG)
16th 1982 John Robb
(Independent politicians in Ireland) 		Seamus Mallon
(Independent politicians in Ireland) 		James Larkin
(IFF) 		Paudge Brennan[p]
(FF) 		Flor Crowley
(FF) 		Camilla Hannon
(FF) 		P. J. Mara
(FF) 		Bernard McGlinchey
(FF) 		M. J. Nolan[p]
(FF) 		Ned O'Keeffe[p]
(FF) 		G. V. Wright
(FF)
1982 Aidan Eames
(FF) 		Seán O'Connor
(FF) 		Frank Wall
(FF)
17th 1983 Brendan Howlin[q]
(Lab) 		Christy Kirwan
(Lab) 		Pat Magner
(Lab) 		Stephen McGonagle
(Independent politicians in Ireland) 		Bríd Rodgers
(Independent politicians in Ireland) 		John Browne
(FG) 		John Connor
(FG) 		Jimmy Deenihan[q]
(FG) 		Patrick Durcan
(FG) 		Seán O'Leary
(FG)
1987 Nuala Fennell
(FG) 		Paddy O'Toole
(FG)
18th 1987 Éamon de Buitléar
(Independent politicians in Ireland) 		George Eogan
(Independent politicians in Ireland) 		Brian Friel
(Independent politicians in Ireland) 		John Magnier
(Independent politicians in Ireland) 		Séamus Cullimore[r]
(FF) 		Tom McEllistrim[r]
(FF) 		Jimmy Mulroy
(FF) 		Vivian O'Callaghan
(FF) 		John O'Connell[r]
(FF) 		Nicholas O'Connor
(FF)
1989 Michael Dawson
(FF) 		Paul Kavanagh
(FF) 		Frank McDonnell
(FF)
19th 1989 Olga Bennett
(FF) 		Hugh Byrne[s]
(FF) 		Mick Lanigan
(FF) 		Tony McKenna
(FF) 		Denis O'Donovan
(FF) 		Donal Ormonde
(FF) 		Eoin Ryan[s]
(FF) 		G. V. Wright[t]
(FF) 		Martin Cullen[s]
(PDs) 		Helen Keogh[s]
(PDs) 		John Dardis
(PDs)
1992 Brendan Daly
(FF) 		Pat Farrell
(FF) 		Terry Leyden
(FF) 		Dick Roche
(FF)
20th 1993 Bill Cashin
(Lab) 		Jim Townsend
(Lab) 		Pat Magner
(Lab) 		Jack Wall
(Lab) 		Gordon Wilson[u]
(Independent politicians in Ireland) 		Sean Byrne
(FF) 		Brian Crowley[v]
(FF) 		Brian Hillery[w]
(FF) 		Billy Kelleher[t]
(FF) 		Marian McGennis[t]
(FF)
1994 Edward Haughey
(FF) 		Michael Mulcahy
(FF)
1995 Brian Hayes[t]
(FG)
1997 Niamh Bhreathnach
(Lab) 		Michael Enright
(DL) 		Tom Berkery
(FG) 		Niamh Cosgrave
(FG) 		Aidan O'Connor
(FG)
21st 1997 Maurice Hayes
(Independent politicians in Ireland) 		Enda Bonner
(FF) 		Frank Chambers
(FF) 		Tom Fitzgerald[x]
(FF) 		Dermot Fitzpatrick[y]
(FF) 		Ann Leonard
(FF) 		John Dardis
(PDs) 		Jim Gibbons
(PDs) 		Helen Keogh[z]
(PDs) 		Máirín Quill
(PDs)
2002 Martin Mackin
(FF) 		Mary O'Rourke[aa]
(FF)
22nd 2002 Cyprian Brady[aa]
(FF) 		Brendan Kenneally[aa]
(FF) 		Michael Kitt[aa]
(FF) 		Michael Brennan[ab]
(FF) 		Pat Moylan
(FF) 		John Minihan
(PDs) 		Tom Morrissey
(PDs) 		Kate Walsh[ac]
(PDs)
2007 Donie Cassidy
(FF) 		Seán Dorgan
(FF) 		Peter Sands
(FF) 		Chris Wall
(FF) 		Colm O'Gorman
(PDs)
23rd 2007 Dan Boyle
(GP) 		Déirdre de Búrca[ad]
(GP) 		Eoghan Harris
(Independent politicians in Ireland) 		Martin Brady
(FF) 		Ivor Callely[ae]
(FF) 		Maria Corrigan
(FF) 		John Ellis
(FF) 		Lisa McDonald
(FF) 		Brian Ó Domhnaill
(FF) 		Ciarán Cannon[af]
(PDs) 		Fiona O'Malley[ag]
(PDs)
2010 Mark Dearey
(GP)
2011 Darragh O'Brien[ah]
(FF)
24th 2011 Aideen Hayden
(Lab) 		Lorraine Higgins
(Lab) 		Mary Moran
(Lab) 		Fiach Mac Conghail
(Independent politicians in Ireland) 		Marie-Louise O'Donnell
(Independent politicians in Ireland) 		Mary Ann O'Brien
(Independent politicians in Ireland) 		Jillian van Turnhout
(Independent politicians in Ireland) 		Katherine Zappone[ai]
(Independent politicians in Ireland) 		Eamonn Coghlan[aj]
(Independent politicians in Ireland) 		Martin McAleese[ak]
(Independent politicians in Ireland) 		Jim D'Arcy
(FG)
2013 Hildegarde Naughton[ai]
(FG)
25th 2016 Joan Freeman
(Independent politicians in Ireland) 		Colette Kelleher
(Independent politicians in Ireland) 		Billy Lawless
(Independent politicians in Ireland) 		Pádraig Ó Céidigh
(Independent politicians in Ireland) 		Ray Butler
(FG) 		Paudie Coffey
(FG) 		Frank Feighan[al]
(FG) 		Michelle Mulherin
(FG) 		John O'Mahony
(FG) 		James Reilly
(FG)
2020 Seán Kyne[am]
(FG)
26th 2020

Changes

  1. ^ Elected as President of Ireland on 4 May 1938.[5]
  2. ^ Died on 1 July 1942.
  3. ^ Died on 30 March 1946.
  4. ^ Died on 8 September 1939.
  5. ^ Nominated in place of Hyde[6]
  6. ^ Died on 4 December 1939.
  7. ^ Died on 19 January 1946.
  8. ^ Died on 16 September 1954.
  9. ^ Died on 16 November 1957.
  10. ^ Died on 19 November 1964.
  11. ^ Died on 7 November 1968.
  12. ^ a b c Elected to Dáil Éireann on 16 June 1977.
  13. ^ Elected to Dáil Éireann at a by-election on 10 June 1976.
  14. ^ a b Elected to Dáil Éireann on 11 June 1981.
  15. ^ Resigned on 12 March 1980.
  16. ^ a b c Elected to Dáil Éireann on 24 November 1982.
  17. ^ a b Elected to Dáil Éireann on 17 February 1987.
  18. ^ a b c Elected to Dáil Éireann on 15 June 1989.
  19. ^ a b c d Elected to Dáil Éireann on 25 November 1992.
  20. ^ a b c d Elected to Dáil Éireann on 6 June 1997.
  21. ^ Died on 27 June 1995.
  22. ^ Elected to the European Parliament, resigned from Seanad on 31 August 1994.
  23. ^ Appointed to the Board of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, resigned from Seanad on 4 May 1994.
  24. ^ Resigned from the Seanad on 4 April 2002.
  25. ^ Elected to Dáil Éireann on 17 May 2002.
  26. ^ Joined Fine Gael on 14 June 2000.
  27. ^ a b c d Elected to Dáil Éireann on 24 May 2007.
  28. ^ Joined the Progressive Democrats on 29 April 2004.
  29. ^ Died on 24 April 2007.
  30. ^ Resigned on 12 February 2010.
  31. ^ Resigned Fianna Fáil whip on 5 June 2010 and resigned from Fianna Fáil on 24 August 2010.
  32. ^ Joined Fine Gael on 24 March 2009; elected to Dáil Éireann on 25 February 2011.[7]
  33. ^ Sat as an Independent from dissolution of the Progressive Democrats in December 2009.
  34. ^ Nominated to seat vacated by Ciarán Cannon.[8]
  35. ^ a b Elected to Dáil Éireann on 26 February 2016.
  36. ^ Took the Fine Gael whip on 7 February 2012.
  37. ^ Resigned on 5 February 2013.
  38. ^ Elected to Dáil Éireann on 8 February 2020.
  39. ^ Nominated to seat vacated by Frank Feighan.[9]

List of major Irish racecourses

[edit]
class=notpageimage|
Location of Horse Racecourses in Ireland.
Current; Former.

Horse Racing Ireland recognises the following racecourses:[10]

Races have previously been held under the Rules of Racing at a number of other locations. Races were held at Tralee until 2008, when the course was sold for redevelopment.[11][12] Unaffiliated races are frequently held at many locations throughout the country.[13][14][15][16]

  1. ^ Ciara Treacy (27 February 2016). "Dublin South Central: 'It's the right thing to do' Fianna Fail candidate calls for full recount".
  2. ^ Cullen, Paul (12 February 2011). "Labour expected to take seat from Fianna Fáil". The Irish Times.
  3. ^ "National Summary". RTÉ News. 25 February 2011. Archived from the original on 3 September 2011. Retrieved 3 September 2011.
  4. ^ "Turnout was low because 'everything seemed fine'". Irish Examiner. 25 February 2011. Retrieved 3 September 2011.
  5. ^ "Uachtarán na hEireann do Thogha – Seanad Éireann (2nd Seanad) – Wednesday, 11 May 1938". Houses of the Oireachtas. Retrieved 11 February 2020.
  6. ^ "Seanadóir d'Ainmniú – Seanad Éireann (2nd Seanad) – Wednesday, 11 May 1938". Houses of the Oireachtas. Retrieved 11 February 2020.
  7. ^ "Election of Members to Dáil Éireann – Seanad Éireann (23rd Seanad) – Tuesday, 8 March 2011". Houses of the Oireachtas. Retrieved 19 February 2020.
  8. ^ "Nomination of Member – Seanad Éireann (23rd Seanad) – Tuesday, 8 March 2011". Houses of the Oireachtas. Retrieved 19 February 2020.
  9. ^ "Taoiseach appoints Sean Kyne to the Seanad". The Irish Times. 19 February 2020. Retrieved 19 February 2020.
  10. ^ Cite error: The named reference GoRacingRacecourses was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  11. ^ "Irish Racecourses and Horseracing Tracks in Ireland". Irish Horse Society. Archived from the original on 14 November 2017. Retrieved 19 July 2017.
  12. ^ "The close of Tralee - Independent.ie". Independent.ie. Retrieved 19 July 2017.
  13. ^ "Dingle Horse and Pony Racing Festival". www.dingleraces.ie. Retrieved 23 July 2017.
  14. ^ "Geesala Festival & Horse Racing". www.mayo-ireland.ie. Retrieved 23 July 2017.
  15. ^ "Louth Hunt Point-to-Point moves to Bellurgan". Dundalk Democrat. 7 April 2016. Retrieved 23 July 2017.
  16. ^ "Kilkee Strand Races". www.loophead.ie. Retrieved 23 July 2017.
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