Ottoman campaign against Hormuz

Ottoman campaign against Hormuz; (1552–1554)
	Part of Ottoman–Portuguese conflicts (1538–1559)
	; ; Seydi Ali Reis and his galleys taken in an ambush by Portuguese forces while trying to bring back his fleet from Basra to Suez in August 1554.
Date	1552–1554
Location	Persian Gulf
Result	Portuguese victory
Belligerents
Portuguese Empire; Kingdom of Hormus;	Ottoman Empire
Commanders and leaders
Dom Afonso de Noronha; Dom Diogo de Noronha	Piri Reis; Seydi Ali Reis
Strength
Unknown	4 galleons; 25 galleys; 850 troops

The Ottoman campaign against Hormuz took place in 1552–1554. An Ottoman fleet led by Admiral Piri Reis and Seydi Ali Reis was dispatched from the Ottoman harbour of Suez to eliminate the Portuguese presence from the northwestern part of the Indian Ocean, and especially their fortress at Hormuz Island.

Preliminaries

The Ottomans were able to take possession of Basra from Persia during the Ottoman–Safavid War (1532–1555). The Ottomans were then able to capture several key positions in the Persian Gulf. In 1550, they captured Qatīf.^[3]

In the 1552–1554 expedition, the Ottoman force consisted in 4 galleons, 25 galleys, and 850 troops, dispatched from the Ottoman harbour of Suez.^[4]

Sieges of Muscat and Hormuz

The fleet managed to sack Portuguese Muscat, modern Oman, in August 1552 in the Capture of Muscat. Soon, however, the Ottomans departed. However, they were unsuccessful in the Siege of Hormuz in September 1552.^[3]

Ultimately, the fleet managed to occupy and control the coasts of Yemen, Aden, and Arabia, as far north as Basra, so as to facilitate their trade with India.^[4] The fleet went up to Basra, then an Ottoman harbour. They were unable to capture Bahrain in 1559.^[3]

Meanwhile, during the year 1553, Seydi Ali Reis was leading an expedition against the Portuguese into the Indian Ocean, but he was unsuccessful.^[3]

Seydi Ali Reis and his galleys would be taken in an ambush (Battle of the Gulf of Oman) by Portuguese forces while he was trying to bring back his fleet from Basra to Suez in August 1554.

References

^ Mikaberidze 2011, p. 722.
^ Kunt & Woodhead 1995, pp. 63–64.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d The Cambridge history of Islam Peter Malcolm Holt, Ann K. S. Lambton, Bernard Lewis p.332 [1]
^ ^a ^b Maritime India-Trade, Religion and Polity In the Indian Ocean by Pius Malekandathil p.117 [2]

Sources

Kunt, I.Metin; Woodhead, Christine (1995). Suleyman the Magnificent and His Age: The Ottoman Empire in the Early Modern World. Routledge. ISBN 978-0582038271.
Mikaberidze, Alexander, ed. (2011). Conflict and Conquest in the Islamic World: A Historical Encyclopedia, Volume 1. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-59884-336-1.

[FOOTNOTEMikaberidze2011722-1] Mikaberidze 2011, p. 722.

[FOOTNOTEKuntWoodhead199563–64-2] Kunt & Woodhead 1995, pp. 63–64.

[Cambridge_332-3] The Cambridge history of Islam Peter Malcolm Holt, Ann K. S. Lambton, Bernard Lewis p.332 [1]

[Malekandathil_117-4] Maritime India-Trade, Religion and Polity In the Indian Ocean by Pius Malekandathil p.117 [2]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

v t e Major sieges involving the Ottoman Empire by century
13th-14th	1285 Kulaca Hisar 1326 Bursa 1328–1331 Nicaea 1333–1337 Nicomedia 1360s Adrianople 1385 Sofia 1393 Tarnovo 1394–1402 Constantinople
15th	1411 Constantinople 1422 Constantinople 1422–1430 Thessalonica 1428 Golubac 1440 Belgrade 1440–41 Novo Brdo 1448 Svetigrad 1450 Krujë 1453 Constantinople 1455 Berat 1456 Belgrade 1461 Trebizond 1462 Mytilene 1463 Jajce 1464 Jajce 1466–67 Krujë 1467 Krujë 1470 Negroponte 1474 Scutari 1477–78 Krujë 1478–79 Scutari 1480 Rhodes 1481 Otranto 1484 Chilia
16th	1500 Cephalonia 1517 Cairo 1521 Belgrade 1522 Knin 1522 Rhodes 1529 Peñón of Algiers 1529 Vienna 1531 Diu 1532 Güns (Kőszeg) 1532 Maribor 1533–34 Coron 1534 Tunis 1534 Baghdad 1537 Klis 1537 Corfu 1538 Diu 1539 Castelnuovo 1541 Buda 1543 Nice 1543 Esztergom 1548 Aden 1548 Van 1551 Tripoli 1552 Muscat 1552 Hormuz 1552 Temesvár 1552 Eger 1556 Oran 1559 Bahrain 1563 Oran 1565 Malta 1566 Szigetvar 1570–71 Famagusta 1574 Tunis 1578 Gvozdansko 1592 Bihać 1593 Sisak 1596 Eger
17th	1601 Nagykanizsa 1621 Khotyn 1638 Baghdad 1663 Uyvar 1664 Novi Zrin 1648–1669 Candia 1672 Kamenets 1683 Vienna 1684 Buda 1684 Santa Maura 1685 Érsekújvár 1686 Buda 1686 Pécs 1688 Negroponte 1688 Belgrade 1690 Belgrade 1695 Azov 1696 Azov
18th	1711 Brăila 1715 Nauplia 1716 Corfu 1716 Temeşvar 1717 Belgrade 1733 Baghdad 1734–35 Ganja 1737 Ochakov 1739 Belgrade 1788 Ochakov 1788 Khotin 1789 Belgrade 1789–90 Izmail 1799 El Arish 1799 Jaffa 1799 Acre
19th	1801 Cairo 1806 Belgrade 1821 Patras 1821–22 Acropolis 1821 Tripolitsa 1822 Missolonghi 1823 Missolonghi 1825–26 Missolonghi 1826–27 Acropolis 1828 Kars 1828 Varna 1854 Calafat 1854 Silistra 1854–55 Sevastopol 1855 Kars 1877 Plevna
20th	1912–13 Scutari 1912–13 Adrianople 1915 Van 1915–16 Kut 1916–1919 Medina
Ottoman defeats shown in italics.

Preliminaries

Sieges of Muscat and Hormuz

See also

References

Sources