SEMA4D

SEMA4D
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 1OLZ, 3OL2
Identifiers
Aliases	SEMA4D, C9orf164, CD100, M-sema-G, SEMAJ, coll-4, semaphorin 4D, COLL4, A8, GR3, BB18
External IDs	OMIM: 601866; MGI: 109244; HomoloGene: 21282; GeneCards: SEMA4D; OMA:SEMA4D - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 9 (human) Band 9q22.2 Start 89,360,787 bp End 89,498,130 bp
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 13 (mouse) Band 13|13 A5 Start 51,685,529 bp End 51,793,747 bp
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in C1 segment granulocyte corpus callosum blood monocyte inferior ganglion of vagus nerve lymph node muscle of thigh internal globus pallidus substantia nigra Top expressed in granulocyte muscle of thigh mesenteric lymph nodes thymus lumbar subsegment of spinal cord cumulus cell tibiofemoral joint blood dentate gyrus of hippocampal formation granule cell spleen More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function signaling receptor binding transmembrane signaling receptor activity protein binding semaphorin receptor binding neuropilin binding identical protein binding signaling receptor activity chemorepellent activity Cellular component integral component of membrane integral component of plasma membrane membrane plasma membrane extracellular space Biological process regulation of dendrite morphogenesis negative regulation of apoptotic process positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling multicellular organism development leukocyte aggregation nervous system development negative regulation of cell adhesion positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation positive regulation of axonogenesis semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway involved in bone trabecula morphogenesis regulation of cell projection organization negative regulation of osteoblast differentiation positive regulation of collateral sprouting regulation of cell shape negative regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation cell differentiation positive regulation of protein phosphorylation semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway cell adhesion immune response ossification involved in bone maturation positive regulation of cell migration negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II positive regulation of GTPase activity negative regulation of alkaline phosphatase activity negative chemotaxis neural crest cell migration negative regulation of axon extension involved in axon guidance positive regulation of inhibitory synapse assembly Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 10507 20354 Ensembl ENSG00000187764 ENSMUSG00000021451 UniProt Q92854 O09126 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001142287 NM_006378 NM_182635 NM_001371194 NM_001371195 NM_001371196 NM_001371197 NM_001371198 NM_001371199 NM_001371200 NM_001371201 NM_001371202 NM_001281880 NM_013660 RefSeq (protein) NP_001135759 NP_006369 NP_001358123 NP_001358124 NP_001358125 NP_001358126 NP_001358127 NP_001358128 NP_001358129 NP_001358130 NP_001358131 NP_001268809 NP_038688 NP_001365242 NP_001365243 NP_001365246 NP_001365247 NP_001365248 NP_001365249 NP_001365251 NP_001365252 NP_001365253 NP_001365244 NP_001365245 NP_001365250 NP_001365254 Location (UCSC) Chr 9: 89.36 – 89.5 Mb Chr 13: 51.69 – 51.79 Mb PubMed search
Wikidata
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Semaphorin-4D (SEMA4D) also known as Cluster of Differentiation 100 (CD100), is a protein of the semaphorin family that in humans is encoded by the SEMA4D gene.

Function

Semaphorin 4D (Sema 4D) is an axon guidance molecule which is secreted by oligodendrocytes and induces growth cone collapse in the central nervous system. By binding plexin B1 receptor it functions as an R-Ras GTPase-activating protein (GAP) and repels axon growth cones in both the mature central nervous system.

In the immune system, CD100 binds CD72 to activate B cells and dendritic cells, though much about this interaction is still under investigation.

During skin damage repairs, SEMA4D interacts with Plexin B2 on Gamma delta T cells to play a role in the healing process.

See also

• Cluster of differentiation

Further reading

• Bougeret C, Mansur IG, Dastot H, et al. (1992). "Increased surface expression of a newly identified 150-kDa dimer early after human T lymphocyte activation". J. Immunol. 148 (2): 318–23. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.148.2.318. PMID 1530858. S2CID 29224711.
• Hall KT, Boumsell L, Schultze JL, et al. (1996). "Human CD100, a novel leukocyte semaphorin that promotes B-cell aggregation and differentiation". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 93 (21): 11780–5. Bibcode:1996PNAS...9311780H. doi:10.1073/pnas.93.21.11780. PMC 38135. PMID 8876214.
• Herold C, Elhabazi A, Bismuth G, et al. (1997). "CD100 is associated with CD45 at the surface of human T lymphocytes. Role in T cell homotypic adhesion". J. Immunol. 157 (12): 5262–8. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.157.12.5262. PMID 8955171. S2CID 36341775.
• Furuyama T, Inagaki S, Kosugi A, et al. (1997). "Identification of a novel transmembrane semaphorin expressed on lymphocytes". J. Biol. Chem. 271 (52): 33376–81. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.52.33376. PMID 8969198.
• Tamagnone L, Artigiani S, Chen H, et al. (1999). "Plexins are a large family of receptors for transmembrane, secreted, and GPI-anchored semaphorins in vertebrates". Cell. 99 (1): 71–80. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80063-X. PMID 10520995. S2CID 17386412.
• Elhabazi A, Delaire S, Bensussan A, et al. (2001). "Biological activity of soluble CD100. I. The extracellular region of CD100 is released from the surface of T lymphocytes by regulated proteolysis". J. Immunol. 166 (7): 4341–7. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.166.7.4341. PMID 11254687.
• Delaire S, Billard C, Tordjman R, et al. (2001). "Biological activity of soluble CD100. II. Soluble CD100, similarly to H-SemaIII, inhibits immune cell migration". J. Immunol. 166 (7): 4348–54. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.166.7.4348. PMID 11254688.
• Vikis HG, Li W, Guan KL (2002). "The Plexin-B1/Rac interaction inhibits PAK activation and enhances Sema4D ligand binding". Genes Dev. 16 (7): 836–45. doi:10.1101/gad.966402. PMC 186329. PMID 11937491.
• Granziero L, Circosta P, Scielzo C, et al. (2003). "CD100/Plexin-B1 interactions sustain proliferation and survival of normal and leukemic CD5+ B lymphocytes". Blood. 101 (5): 1962–9. doi:10.1182/blood-2002-05-1339. PMID 12406905.
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9916899M. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
• Izmailova E, Bertley FM, Huang Q, et al. (2003). "HIV-1 Tat reprograms immature dendritic cells to express chemoattractants for activated T cells and macrophages". Nat. Med. 9 (2): 191–7. doi:10.1038/nm822. PMID 12539042. S2CID 26145639.
• Love CA, Harlos K, Mavaddat N, et al. (2003). "The ligand-binding face of the semaphorins revealed by the high-resolution crystal structure of SEMA4D". Nat. Struct. Biol. 10 (10): 843–8. doi:10.1038/nsb977. PMID 12958590. S2CID 24468463.
• Giraudon P, Vincent P, Vuaillat C, et al. (2004). "Semaphorin CD100 from activated T lymphocytes induces process extension collapse in oligodendrocytes and death of immature neural cells". J. Immunol. 172 (2): 1246–55. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.172.2.1246. PMID 14707103.
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The Status, Quality, and Expansion of the NIH Full-Length cDNA Project: The Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334.
• Deaglio S, Vaisitti T, Bergui L, et al. (2005). "CD38 and CD100 lead a network of surface receptors relaying positive signals for B-CLL growth and survival". Blood. 105 (8): 3042–50. doi:10.1182/blood-2004-10-3873. PMID 15613544.
• Conrotto P, Valdembri D, Corso S, et al. (2005). "Sema4D induces angiogenesis through Met recruitment by Plexin B1". Blood. 105 (11): 4321–9. doi:10.1182/blood-2004-07-2885. PMID 15632204.
• Basile JR, Afkhami T, Gutkind JS (2005). "Semaphorin 4D/Plexin-B1 Induces Endothelial Cell Migration through the Activation of PYK2, Src, and the Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase-Akt Pathway". Mol. Cell. Biol. 25 (16): 6889–98. doi:10.1128/MCB.25.16.6889-6898.2005. PMC 1190270. PMID 16055703.
• Lewandrowski U, Moebius J, Walter U, Sickmann A (2006). "Elucidation of N-glycosylation sites on human platelet proteins: a glycoproteomic approach". Mol. Cell. Proteomics. 5 (2): 226–33. doi:10.1074/mcp.M500324-MCP200. PMID 16263699.
• Nkyimbeng-Takwi EH, Chapoval SP (2011). "Biology and function of neuroimmune semaphorins 4A and 4D". Immunol. Res. 50 (1): 10–21. doi:10.1007/s12026-010-8201-y. PMC 3366695. PMID 21203905.
• Smith EP, Shanks K, Lipsky MM, DeTolla LJ, Keegan AD, Chapoval SP (2011). "Expression of neuroimmune semaphorins 4A and 4D and their receptors in the lung is enhanced by allergen and vascular endothelial growth factor". BMC Immunol. 12: 30. doi:10.1186/1471-2172-12-30. PMC 3118960. PMID 21595947.
• Shanks K, Nkyimbeng-Takwi EH, Smith EP, Lipsky MM, DeTolla LJ, Keegan AD, Chapoval SP (2013). "Neuroimmune semaphorin 4D is necessary for optimal lung allergic inflammation". Mol. Immunol. 56 (4): 480–7. doi:10.1016/j.molimm.2013.05.228. PMC 3783523. PMID 23911404.

External links

• SEMA4D+protein,+human at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)