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Integrin beta 1

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

ITGB1
Available structures
PDBOrtholog search: PDBe RCSB
Identifiers
AliasesITGB1, CD29, FNRB, GPIIA, MDF2, MSK12, VLA-BETA, VLAB, integrin subunit beta 1
External IDsOMIM: 135630; MGI: 96610; HomoloGene: 22999; GeneCards: ITGB1; OMA:ITGB1 - orthologs
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

3688

16412

Ensembl

ENSG00000150093

ENSMUSG00000025809

UniProt

P05556

P09055

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_010578

RefSeq (protein)

NP_002202
NP_391988
NP_596867

NP_034708

Location (UCSC)Chr 10: 32.9 – 33.01 MbChr 8: 129.41 – 129.46 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

Integrin beta-1 (ITGB1), also known as CD29, is a cell surface receptor that in humans is encoded by the ITGB1 gene.[5] This integrin associates with integrin alpha 1 and integrin alpha 2 to form integrin complexes which function as collagen receptors. It also forms dimers with integrin alpha 3 to form integrin receptors for netrin 1 and reelin. These and other integrin beta 1 complexes have been historically known as very late activation (VLA) antigens.

Integrin beta 1 is expressed as at least four different isoforms. In cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle, the integrin beta-1D isoform is specifically expressed, and localizes to costameres, where it aids in the lateral force transmission from the Z-discs to the extracellular matrix. Abnormal levels of integrin beta-1D have been found in limb girdle muscular dystrophy and polyneuropathy.

Structure

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Integrin beta-1 can exist as different isoforms via alternative splicing. Six alternatively spliced variants have been found for this gene which encode five proteins with alternate C-termini.[6] Integrin receptors exist as heterodimers, and greater than 20 different integrin heterodimeric receptors have been described. All integrins, alpha and beta forms, have large extracellular and short intracellular domains.[7] The cytoplasmic domain of integrin beta-1 binds to the actin cytoskeleton.[8] Integrin beta-1 is the most abundant beta-integrin expressed and associates with at least 10 different integrin-alpha subunits.[7]

Function

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Integrin family members are membrane receptors involved in cell adhesion and recognition in a variety of processes including embryogenesis, hemostasis, tissue repair, immune response and metastatic diffusion of tumor cells.[7] Integrins link the actin cytoskeleton with the extracellular matrix and they transmit signals bidirectionally between the extracellular matrix and cytoplasmic domains.[9][10] Beta-integrins are primarily responsible for targeting integrin dimers to the appropriate subcellular locations, which in adhesive cells is mainly focal adhesions.[8][11] Integrin beta-1 mutants lose the ability to target to sites of focal adhesions.[12][13]

Three novel isoforms of integrin beta-1 have been identified, termed beta-1B, beta-1C and beta-1D. Integrin beta-1B is transcribed when the proximal 26 amino acids of the cytoplasmic domain in exon 6 are retained and then succeeded by a 12 amino acid stretch from an adjacent intronic region.[14] The integrin beta-1B isoform appears to act as a dominant negative in that it inhibits cell adhesion.[15] A second integrin beta-1 isoform, termed beta-1C, was described to have an additional 48 amino acids appended to the 26 amino acids in the cytoplasmic domain;[16] the function of this isoform was an inhibitory one on DNA synthesis in the G1 phase of the cell cycle.[17] The third isoform, termed beta-1D, is a striated muscle-specific isoform, which replaces the canonical beta-1A isoform in cardiac and skeletal muscle cells. This isoform is produced from splicing into a novel additional exon between exons 6 and 7. The cytoplasmic domain of integrin beta-1D replaces the distal 21 amino acids (present in integrin beta-1A) with an alternative stretch of 24 amino acids (13 unique).[18][19]

Integrin beta-1D appears to be developmentally regulated during myofibrilogenesis,[19] appearing immediately following the fusion of myoblasts in C2C12 cell with rising levels throughout myofibrillar differentiation.[20] Integrin beta-1D is specifically localized to costameres and intercalated discs of cardiac muscle and costameres, myotendinous junctions and neuromuscular junctions of skeletal muscle, and it appears to function in general like other integrins, as the clustering of beta-1D integrins on the surface of CHO cells resulted in tyrosine phosphorylation of pp125FAK and induced mitogen-activated protein kinase activation.[20]

Clinical significance

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In patients with limb girdle muscular dystrophy, type 2C, beta-1D integrin has been shown to be severely reduced in skeletal muscle biopsies, coordinate with a reduction in alpha 7B-integrin and filamin 2.[21]

In patients with sensitive-motor polyneuropathy, levels of integrin alpha-7B, integrin beta-1D and agrin were significantly reduced nearly to undetectable levels; and this corresponded with lower mRNA levels.[22]

Interactions

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CD29 has been shown to interact with

References

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  1. ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000150093 – Ensembl, May 2017
  2. ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000025809 – Ensembl, May 2017
  3. ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
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  6. ^ "Entrez Gene: ITGB1 integrin, beta 1 (fibronectin receptor, beta polypeptide, antigen CD29 includes MDF2, MSK12)".
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  8. ^ a b Sastry SK, Horwitz AF (Oct 1993). "Integrin cytoplasmic domains: mediators of cytoskeletal linkages and extra- and intracellular initiated transmembrane signaling". Current Opinion in Cell Biology. 5 (5): 819–31. doi:10.1016/0955-0674(93)90031-k. PMID 8240826.
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  12. ^ Akiyama SK, Yamada SS, Yamada KM, LaFlamme SE (Jun 1994). "Transmembrane signal transduction by integrin cytoplasmic domains expressed in single-subunit chimeras". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 269 (23): 15961–4. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(17)33955-8. PMID 7515874.
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  26. ^ Radford KJ, Thorne RF, Hersey P (May 1996). "CD63 associates with transmembrane 4 superfamily members, CD9 and CD81, and with beta 1 integrins in human melanoma". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 222 (1): 13–8. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1996.0690. PMID 8630057.
  27. ^ a b Mazzocca A, Carloni V, Sciammetta S, Cordella C, Pantaleo P, Caldini A, Gentilini P, Pinzani M (Sep 2002). "Expression of transmembrane 4 superfamily (TM4SF) proteins and their role in hepatic stellate cell motility and wound healing migration". Journal of Hepatology. 37 (3): 322–30. doi:10.1016/S0168-8278(02)00175-7. PMID 12175627.
  28. ^ Wixler V, Geerts D, Laplantine E, Westhoff D, Smyth N, Aumailley M, Sonnenberg A, Paulsson M (Oct 2000). "The LIM-only protein DRAL/FHL2 binds to the cytoplasmic domain of several alpha and beta integrin chains and is recruited to adhesion complexes". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 275 (43): 33669–78. doi:10.1074/jbc.M002519200. PMID 10906324.
  29. ^ a b van der Flier A, Kuikman I, Kramer D, Geerts D, Kreft M, Takafuta T, Shapiro SS, Sonnenberg A (Jan 2002). "Different splice variants of filamin-B affect myogenesis, subcellular distribution, and determine binding to integrin [beta] subunits". The Journal of Cell Biology. 156 (2): 361–76. doi:10.1083/jcb.200103037. PMC 2199218. PMID 11807098.
  30. ^ Loo DT, Kanner SB, Aruffo A (Sep 1998). "Filamin binds to the cytoplasmic domain of the beta1-integrin. Identification of amino acids responsible for this interaction". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 273 (36): 23304–12. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.36.23304. PMID 9722563.
  31. ^ Serru V, Le Naour F, Billard M, Azorsa DO, Lanza F, Boucheix C, Rubinstein E (May 1999). "Selective tetraspan-integrin complexes (CD81/alpha4beta1, CD151/alpha3beta1, CD151/alpha6beta1) under conditions disrupting tetraspan interactions". The Biochemical Journal. 340 (Pt 1): 103–11. doi:10.1042/0264-6021:3400103. PMC 1220227. PMID 10229664.
  32. ^ a b Lee HS, Millward-Sadler SJ, Wright MO, Nuki G, Al-Jamal R, Salter DM (Nov 2002). "Activation of Integrin-RACK1/PKCalpha signalling in human articular chondrocyte mechanotransduction". Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. 10 (11): 890–7. doi:10.1053/joca.2002.0842. PMID 12435334.
  33. ^ Liliental J, Chang DD (Jan 1998). "Rack1, a receptor for activated protein kinase C, interacts with integrin beta subunit". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 273 (4): 2379–83. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.4.2379. PMID 9442085.
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Further reading

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