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Results of the 1917 Russian Constituent Assembly election

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

There are numerous, conflicting accounts on the outcome of the November–December 1917 election to the All-Russian Constituent Assembly. The Constituent Assembly election, which took place in the midst of the First World War and the October Revolution, was the largest exercise of universal suffrage in the history of mankind until that date. Spanning over decades, different historical research projects have been undertaken to try to map the puzzle of outcomes of the election from the various constituencies.

National results summary

[edit]

The numbers in the table below represent accounts from the voting in 71 out of 81 electoral districts, although not all of those districts have complete voting tallies.

Party Votes % Lists
counted
Socialist-Revolutionaries[a]
Constituency List Votes %
Altai List 2 - Socialist-Revolutionaries 621,377 87.03
Arkhangelsk[b] List 3 - Socialist-Revolutionaries and Soviet of Peasants' Deputies 85,272 66.81
Astrakhan List 6 - Socialist-Revolutionaries 100,482 51.77
Baltic Fleet List 1 - Socialist-Revolutionaries 30,510 27.04
Bessarabia[c] List 2 - Socialist-Revolutionaries 85,349 33.63
Black Sea Fleet List 6 - Socialist-Revolutionaries 22,251 42.28
Chernigov List 1 - Socialist-Revolutionaries 105,565 10.84
Chinese Eastern Railway List 1 - Socialist-Revolutionaries 5,081 14.45
Don Cossack Region List 2 - Socialist-Revolutionaries 478,901 34.05
Ekaterinoslav List 3 - Socialist-Revolutionaries 231,717 19.42
Estonia List 5 - Socialist-Revolutionaries 3,200 1.07
Irkutsk List 1 - Socialist-Revolutionaries and Peasants Union 113,378 54.47
Kaluga List 2 - Socialist-Revolutionaries 127,313 32.65
Kazan List 11 - The Kazan Governorate Organization of the Socialist-Revolutionaries and the Soviet of Peasants Deputies 264,158 30.77
Kiev List 14 - Socialist-Revolutionaries 19,220 1.28
Kostroma List 1 - Socialist-Revolutionaries and Soviet of Peasants Deputies 249,838 44.97
Kuban-Black Sea[d] List 4 - Socialist-Revolutionaries 2,268 11.9
Kursk List 1 - Socialist-Revolutionaries 868,743 82.08
Minsk List 12 - Bloc of Socialist-Revolutionaries and the Soviet of Peasants Deputies 181,673 19.81
Mogilev List 1 - Socialist-Revolutionaries and Soviet of Peasants Deputies 511,998 70.62
Moscow List 3 - Socialist-Revolutionaries 159,630 25.6
Moscow Metropolis List 3 - Socialist-Revolutionaries 62,260 8.14
Nizhny Novgorod List 3 - Socialist-Revolutionaries and the Soviet of Peasants Deputies 314,004 54.15
Northern Front List 3 - Socialist-Revolutionaries and Peasants' Deputies 249,832 29.72
Novgorod List 4 - Socialist-Revolutionaries 220,665 45.36
Olonets List 1 - Soviet of Peasants Deputies (Socialist-Revolutionaries/Mensheviks) 127,062 84.62
Orenburg List 3 - Socialist-Revolutionaries 110,172 16.28
Oryol List 3 - Socialist-Revolutionaries and Soviet of Peasants Deputies 511,049 62.7
Penza List 4 - Socialist-Revolutionaries 517,226 81.29
Perm List 2 - Socialist-Revolutionaries 665,118 52.05
Petrograd List 10 - Socialist-Revolutionaries 119,761 25.39
Petrograd Metropolis List 9 - Socialist-Revolutionaries 152,230 16.15
Podolia[e] List 10 - Socialist-Revolutionaries, Soviet of Peasants and Soviet of Soldiers of the South-Western Front 10,170 1.22
Poltava List 17 - Socialist-Revolutionaries and Ukrainian Socialist-Revolutionaries 198,437 17.27
Priamur List 7 - Amur Oblast Organization of Socialist-Revolutionaries 41,152 19.65
Priamur List 1 - Maritime Province Socialist-Revolutionaries 6,513 3.11
Pskov List 3 - Socialist-Revolutionaries and Soviet of Peasants Deputies 295,012 57.25
Romanian Front List 3 - Socialist-Revolutionaries 666,438 59.05
Ryazan List 3 - Socialist-Revolutionaries and Soviet of Peasants Deputies 397,229 57.14
Samara List 3 - Soviet of Peasants Deputies and Socialist-Revolutionaries 702,924 58.47
Saratov List 12 - Socialist-Revolutionaries and the Soviet of Peasants Deputies 612,094 56.28
Semirechie List 2 - Bloc of Socialists of Ver-Nogo Town, Soviet of Peasants Deputies, Soviet of Soldiers and Workers Deputies, Kirghiz Socialist Party "Fukhara" (Socialist-Revolutionaries, Mensheviks) 167,793 40.34
Simbirsk List 2 - Socialist-Revolutionaries and Congress of Peasants 363,847 57.68
Smolensk List 3 - Socialist-Revolutionaries and Soviet of Peasants Deputies 250,134 38
South-Western Front List 1 - Socialist-Revolutionaries and Soviet of Peasants Deputies of the South-Western Front 402,930 40
Stavropol List 1 - Socialist-Revolutionaries and Soviet of Peasants Deputies 291,395 88.69
Steppes[f] List 8 - Socialist-Revolutionaries 7,393 7.46
Tambov List 1 - Socialist-Revolutionaries and Governorate Soviet of Peasants Deputies 835,556 71.22
Taurida List 5 - Socialist-Revolutionaries 300,100 52.22
Ter-Dagestan[g] List 8 - Socialist-Revolutionaries 4,292 11.17
Tobolsk List 5 - Socialist-Revolutionaries (Southern Group) 388,328 78.53
Tomsk List 2 - Socialist-Revolutionaries 541,153 85.16
Transbaikal[h] List 4 - Socialist-Revolutionaries 49,363 50.26
Transcaucasus List 3 - Socialist-Revolutionaries 117,522 4.79
Tula[i] List 1 - Socialist-Revolutionaries 216,267 45.28
Turgai List 2 - Socialist-Revolutionaries and Congress of Peasants, Soldiers and Workers Deputies 63,750 22.62
Tver List 3 - Socialist-Revolutionaries and Soviet of Peasants Deputies 186,030 30.4
Ufa List 9 - Socialist-Revolutionaries 322,166 33.68
Uralsk List 2 - Socialist-Revolutionaries 5,076 1.37
Vitebsk List 1 - Socialist-Revolutionaries 150,279 26.81
Vladimir List 3 - Socialist-Revolutionaries and Congress of Peasants Deputies 197,311 32.67
Volhynia List 6 - Socialist-Revolutionaries 27,575 3.43
Vologda[j] List 1 - Socialist-Revolutionaries and Soviet of Peasants' Deputies 320,528 75.79
Voronezh List 3 - Socialist-Revolutionaries 875,300 79.72
Vyatka List 3 - Vyatka Governorate Congress of Peasants Deputies and the Party of Socialist-Revolutionaries 300,503 46.91
Western Front List 12 - Socialist-Revolutionaries and the Soviet of Peasants Deputies of the Armies of the Western Front 180,582 18.5
Yaroslavl List 3 - Socialist-Revolutionaries and Governorate Soviet of Peasants Deputies 197,465 43.06
Yenisei List 3 - Socialist-Revolutionaries 229,723 64.48
17,239,633 37.56 68
Bolsheviks[k]
Constituency List Votes %
Altai List 7 - Bolsheviks and Menshevik-Internationalists 45,268 6.34
Arkhangelsk[b] List 5 - Bolsheviks 21,779 17.06
Astrakhan List 4 - Bolsheviks 36,023 18.56
Baltic Fleet List 2 - Bolsheviks 65,093 57.7
Bessarabia[c] List 8 - Bolsheviks-Menshevik-Internationalists 25,569 10.07
Black Sea Fleet List 5 - Bolsheviks 10,771 20.47
Chernigov List 9 - Bolsheviks 271,174 27.85
Chinese Eastern Railway List 3 - Bolsheviks 10,612 30.18
Don Cossack Region List 5 - Bolsheviks 205,497 14.61
Ekaterinoslav List 9 - Bolsheviks, Bakhmut Soviet of Peasants Deputies 213,163 17.87
Estonia List 2 - Bolsheviks 119,863 39.98
Irkutsk List 7 - Bolsheviks and Menshevik-Internationalists 31,587 15.17
Kaluga List 7 - Bolsheviks 225,378 57.81
Kazan List 7 - Bolsheviks 51,936 6.05
Kharkov List 3 - Bolsheviks 114,743 10.5
Kherson[l] List 9 - Bolsheviks 81,826 13.18
Kiev List 12 - Bolsheviks 60,693 4.04
Kostroma List 4 - Bolsheviks 226,905 40.84
Kuban-Black Sea[d] List 2 - Bolsheviks 8,744 46.0
Kursk List 4 - Bolsheviks 119,127 11.26
Livonia List 3 - Social-Democracy of the Latvian Territory 97,781 71.86
Minsk List 9 - Bolsheviks 579,087 63.13
Mogilev List 11 - Bolsheviks 93,060 12.83
Moscow List 5 - Bolsheviks and Menshevik-Internationalists 351,853 56.43
Moscow Metropolis List 5 - Bolsheviks 366,148 47.88
Nizhny Novgorod List 7 - Bolsheviks 133,950 23.1
Northern Front List 5 - Bolsheviks 471,828 56.13
Novgorod List 6 - Bolsheviks 203,658 41.87
Orenburg List 8 - Bolsheviks 163,425 24.14
Oryol List 8 - Bolsheviks 241,786 29.66
Penza List 5 - Bolsheviks and Menshevik-Internationalists 54,731 8.6
Perm List 6 - Bolsheviks 268,292 20.99
Petrograd List 2 - Bolsheviks 229,698 48.69
Petrograd Metropolis List 4 - Bolsheviks 424,027 45
Podolia[e] List 15 - Bolsheviks 27,550 3.32
Poltava List 12 - Bolsheviks 64,460 5.61
Priamur List 5 - Bolsheviks 40,850 19.5
Pskov List 6 - Bolsheviks 173,631 33.69
Romanian Front List 6 - Bolsheviks 173,804 15.4
Ryazan List 5 - Bolsheviks 251,815 36.22
Samara List 2 - Bolsheviks 179,533 14.93
Saratov List 10 - Bolsheviks 261,308 24.03
Simbirsk List 10 - Bolsheviks 93,000 14.74
Smolensk List 7 - Bolsheviks 361,062 54.85
South-Western Front List 4 - Bolsheviks 292,626 29.05
Stavropol List 2 - Bolsheviks 17,430 5.31
Steppes[f] List 3 - Bolsheviks 13,591 13.72
Tambov List 7 - Bolsheviks 240,652 20.51
Taurida List 3 - Bolsheviks 31,612 5.5
Ter-Dagestan[g] List 7 - Bolsheviks 21,495 55.95
Tomsk List 3 - Bolsheviks 51,456 8.1
Transbaikal[h] List 1 - Bolsheviks- 8,560 8.71
Transcaucasus List 5 - Bolsheviks 93,581 3.81
Tula[i] List 5 - Bolsheviks 219,337 45.93
Tver List 6 - Bolsheviks 362,687 59.27
Ufa List 10 - Bolsheviks 48,151 5.03
Vitebsk List 5 - Bolsheviks 287,101 51.22
Vladimir List 6 - Bolsheviks 337,941 55.95
Volhynia List 12 - Bolsheviks 35,612 4.43
Vologda[j] List 2 - Bolsheviks/Mensheviks 67,650 16.00
Voronezh List 2 - Bolsheviks 151,517 13.8
Vyatka List 11 - Bolsheviks 222,272 34.7
Western Front List 9 - Bolsheviks 653,430 66.95
Yaroslavl List 7 - Bolsheviks 176,035 38.39
Yenisei List 2 - Bolsheviks 95,307 26.75
10,680,131 23.27 65
Ukrainian Socialist-Revolutionary Party and allies[m]
Constituency List Votes %
Bessarabia[c] List 11- Ukrainian Socialist Organizations 4,241 1.67
Black Sea Fleet List 1 - Ukrainian Socialist-Revolutionaries 12,895 24.5
Chernigov List 10 - Ukrainian Socialist-Revolutionaries 484,156 49.73
Ekaterinoslav List 5 - Bloc of Ukrainian Socialist-Revolutionaries, Selyanska Spilka, Soviet of Peasant Deputies, Ukrainian Soc.-Dem. Labour Party 556,012 46.6
Kharkov List 5 - Socialist-Revolutionaries and Ukrainian SRs 795,558 72.82
Kherson[l] List 4 - Ukrainian SRs, SRs and the United Jewish Socialist Labour Party (S.S. and E.S.) 266,771 42.98
Kiev List 1 - Ukrainian Socialist Bloc 1,161,033 77.26
Northern Front List 4 - Ukrainian Socialist-Revolutionaries and the Muslim National Socialist Organization 88,956 10.58
Petrograd List 9 - Petrograd organizations of the Ukrainian Soc.-Dem. Labour Party, Ukrainian SRs and United Jewish Socialist Labour Party (S.S. and E.S.) 1,997 0.42
Petrograd Metropolis List 6 - Petrograd organizations of the Ukrainian Soc.-Dem. Labour Party, Ukrainian SRs and United Jewish Socialist Labour Party (S.S. and E.S.) 4,219 0.45
Podolia[e] List 1 - Ukrainian SRs, Selyanska Spilka and Ukrainian Soc.-Dem. Labour Party 652,306 78.57
Poltava List 8 - Ukrainian Socialist-Revolutionaries and Selianska Spilka 727,247 63.28
Romanian Front List 1 - United Ukrainian Socialists 186,219 16.5
South-Western Front List 3 - Ukrainian Socialist-Revolutionaries, Ukrainian Soc.-Dem. Labour Party and Socialist-Cossacks 168,354 16.71
Taurida List 3 - Ukrainian Socialist-Revolutionaries 61,541 10.71
Volhynia List 11 - Ukrainian Socialist-Revolutionaries and Council of Village Deputies 569,044 70.76
Western Front List 1 - Ukrainian SRs and Ukrainian Social Democratic Labour Party 85,062 8.72
5,825,611 12.69 17
Kadets
Constituency List Votes %
Altai List 5 - Kadets 12,108 1.7
Arkhangelsk[b] List 1 - Kadets 12,086 9.47
Astrakhan List 1 - Kadets 13,017 6.71
Bessarabia[c] List 5 - Kadets 16,545 6.52
Chernigov List 7 - Kadets 28,864 2.96
Chinese Eastern Railway List 4 - Kadets 6,327 18
Don Cossack Region List 6 - Kadets 43,345 3.08
Ekaterinoslav List 7 - Kadets 27,551 2.31
Irkutsk List 4 - Kadets 8,834 4.24
Kaluga List 3 - Kadets 24,125 6.19
Kazan List 2 - Kadets 31,728 3.7
Kharkov List 6 - Kadets 58,302 5.34
Kherson[l] List 5 - Kadets 53,770 8.66
Kiev List 6 - Kadets 21,667 1.44
Kostroma List 2 - Kadets 41,448 7.46
Kuban-Black Sea[d] List 1 - Kadets 3,206 16.9
Kursk List 2 - Kadets 47,199 4.46
Minsk List 6 - Kadets 10,724 1.17
Mogilev List 6 - Kadets 19,316 2.66
Moscow List 1 - Kadets 43,295 6.94
Moscow Metropolis List 1 - Kadets 263,859 34.5
Nizhny Novgorod List 12 - Kadets 34,726 5.99
Northern Front List 7 - Kadets 13,687 1.63
Novgorod List 3 - Kadets 31,484 6.47
Olonets List 2 - Kadets 20,278 13.5
Orenburg List 1 - Kadets 24,757 3.66
Oryol List 2 - Kadets 18,345 2.25
Penza List 1 - Kadets 25,407 3.99
Perm List 5 - Kadets 111,241 8.71
Petrograd List 1 - Kadets 64,859 13.75
Petrograd Metropolis List 2 - Kadets 246,506 26.16
Podolia[e] List 4 - Kadets 7,951 0.96
Poltava List 3 - Kadets 18,105 1.58
Priamur List 9 - Kadets 17,233 8.23
Pskov List 2 - Kadets 25,961 5.04
Romanian Front List 7 - Kadets 21,443 1.9
Ryazan List 1 - Kadets 27,808 4
Samara List 6 - Kadets 44,466 3.7
Saratov List 1 - Kadets 27,226 2.5
Simbirsk List 5 - Kadets 16,718 2.65
Smolensk List 1 - Kadets 29,274 4.45
South-Western Front List 7 – Kadets; List 10 - Kadets and Allies 13,724 1.36
Stavropol List 5 - Kadets 10,938 3.33
Steppes[f] List 6 - Kadets 5,031 5.08
Tambov List 5 - Kadets 47,548 4.05
Taurida List 1 - Kadets 38,794 6.75
Ter-Dagestan[g] List 5 - Kadets 7,725 20.11
Tobolsk List 1 - Kadets 13,793 2.79
Tomsk List 1 - Kadets 18,618 2.93
Transbaikal[h] List 6 - Kadets 4,111 4.19
Transcaucasus List 2 - Kadets 25,637 1.05
Tula[i] List 2 - Kadets 21,298 4.46
Tver List 1 - Kadets 32,830 5.37
Ufa List 12 - Kadets 15,825 1.65
Vitebsk List 3 - Kadets 8,132 1.45
Vladimir List 1 - Kadets 38,035 6.3
Volhynia List 5 - Kadets and Non-Party Farmers 22,337 2.78
Vologda[j] List 4 - Kadets 22,912 5.42
Voronezh List 1 - Kadets 36,488 3.32
Vyatka[n] List 9 - Kadets 22,404 3.5
Western Front List 3 - Kadets 16,750 1.72
Yaroslavl List 2 - Kadets 53,730 11.72
Yenisei List 1 - Kadets 12,017 3.37
2,103,468 4.58 64
Mensheviks[o]
Constituency List Votes %
Altai List 4 - Mensheviks 3,785 0.53
Arkhangelsk[b] List 2 - Mensheviks 7,335 5.75
Astrakhan List 5 - Mensheviks 2,256 1.16
Bessarabia[c] List 4 - Bund-Mensheviks 1,438 0.57
Black Sea Fleet List 4 - Mensheviks 1,943 3.69
Chernigov List 2 - Mensheviks 10,813 1.11
Chinese Eastern Railway List 2 - Mensheviks 13,139 37.37
Don Cossack Region List 8 - Mensheviks 17,504 1.24
Ekaterinoslav List 12 - Mensheviks 26,909 2.26
Irkutsk List 2 - Mensheviks 5,534 2.66
Kaluga List 5 - Mensheviks 6,996 1.79
Kazan List 5 - Mensheviks 4,906 0.57
Kherson[l] List 7 - Mensheviks-Bund 14,369 2.31
Kiev List 5 - Mensheviks 11,613 0.77
Kostroma List 3 - Mensheviks 19,488 3.51
Kuban-Black Sea[d] List 8 - Mensheviks 786 4.10
Kursk List 6 - Mensheviks 6,037 0.57
Livonia List 2 - Mensheviks 7,046 5.18
Minsk List 5 - Mensheviks-Bund 16,277 1.77
Mogilev List 2 - Mensheviks-Bund 21,664 2.99
Moscow List 4 - Mensheviks 27,108 4.35
Moscow Metropolis List 4 - Mensheviks 19,690 2.57
Nizhny Novgorod List 2 - Mensheviks 7,634 1.32
Northern Front List 1 - Mensheviks 5,966 0.71
Novgorod List 9 - Mensheviks 9,336 1.92
Orenburg List 4 - Mensheviks 7,544 1.11
Oryol List 5 - Mensheviks 16,301 2
Penza List 2 - Mensheviks-Bund 4,726 0.74
Perm List 7 - Mensheviks 28,002 2.19
Petrograd List 3 - Mensheviks 6,100 1.29
Petrograd Metropolis List 16 - Mensheviks 11,740 1.25
Podolia[e] List 14 - Mensheviks 4,028 0.49
Poltava List 10 - Mensheviks, Bund, Polish Unity 5,993 0.52
Priamur List 4 - Mensheviks 15,458 7.38
Pskov List 4 - Mensheviks 4,870 0.95
Romanian Front List 4 - Mensheviks 36,115 3.2
Ryazan List 2 - Mensheviks 4,389 0.63
Samara List 6 - Mensheviks 4,166 0.35
Saratov List 2 - Mensheviks 15,152 1.39
Simbirsk List 6 - Mensheviks 3,681 0.58
Smolensk List 6 - Mensheviks 7,901 1.2
South-Western Front List 2 - Mensheviks 79,630 7.9
Stavropol List 7 - Mensheviks 1,836 0.56
Tambov List 3 - Mensheviks 22,425 1.91
Taurida List 6 - Mensheviks 15,176 2.64
Ter-Dagestan[g] List 4 - Mensheviks 958 2.49
Tobolsk List 2 - Menshevik-Bolshevik alliance 12,061 2.44
Tomsk List 5 - Mensheviks 5,769 0.91
Transbaikal[h] List 3 - Mensheviks 2,154 2.19
Transcaucasus List 1 - Mensheviks 661,934 26.98
Tula[i] List 4 - Mensheviks 9,605 2.01
Turgai List 3 - Mensheviks 6,758 2.40
Tver List 5 - Mensheviks 22,552 3.69
Ufa List 5 - Mensheviks 2,614 0.27
Vitebsk List 9 - Mensheviks-Bund 12,471 2.22
Vladimir List 4 - Mensheviks 13,074 2.16
Volhynia List 1 - Mensheviks-Bund 16,947 2.11
Voronezh List 4 - Mensheviks 8,658 0.79
Vyatka[n] List 6 - Mensheviks 18,964 2.96
Western Front List 5 - Mensheviks-Bund 5,622 0.58
Yaroslavl List 4 - Mensheviks 16,809 3.67
Yenisei List 4 - Mensheviks 4,531 1.27
1,386,286 3.02 62
Cossacks
Constituency List Votes %
Astrakhan List 3 - Cossack Group 16,400 8.45
Don Cossack Region List 4 - Cossack 636,966 45.28
Kuban-Black Sea[d] List 3 - Highlanders and Cossacks 3,544 18.6
Orenburg List 2 - Orenburg Cossack Host 144,039 21.28
Petrograd Metropolis List 19 - Council of the Union of Cossack Host 6,712 0.71
Priamur List 3 - Amur and Ussuri Cossacks 22,612 10.8
Steppes[f] List 1 - Cossack 4205 4.24
Ter-Dagestan[g] List 1 - Cossack 3,062 7.97
Transbaikal[h] List 5 - Transbaikal Cossacks 12,854 13.09
Uralsk List 3 - Military Committee of the Ural Cossack Host 61,476 16.59
911,870 1.99 10
Muslim socialists
Constituency List Votes %
Fergana List 2 - All Fergana List of Soviet of Deputies of Muslim Organizations 77,282 50.14
Kazan List 10 - Muslim Socialist Committee 153,151 17.84
Nizhny Novgorod List 8 - All Muslim Socialist Bloc 19,935 3.44
Romanian Front List 2 - Muslim Socialists 23,136 2.05
South-Western Front List 6 - Socialist Group of Muslim Soldiers of the South-Western Front 32,910 3.27
Steppes[f] List 11 - Kirghiz Socialists 1,843 1.86
Tambov List 8 - Party of the Muslim Socialist-Democratic Bloc 6,222 0.53
Transcaucasus List 11 - Hummet 84,748 3.45
Transcaucasus List 12 - Muslim Socialist Bloc 159,770 6.51
Ufa List 3 - Muslims (Social-Revolutionaries) 304,864 31.88
Western Front List 2 - Muslim Socialists 16,846 1.73
880,707 1.92 11
Alash Orda
Constituency List Votes %
Turgai List 1 - Kirghiz Alash Party 211,274 74.98
Semirechie List 3 - Bloc of the Kirghiz Party Alash and other Muslims (Alash-Semirechie Cossack Host) 219,832 52.85
Steppes[f] List 5 - Alash 58,512 59.05
Uralsk List 1 - Ural Regional Kirghiz Committee 278,014 75.01
767,632 1.67 4
Turkic Democratic Federalist Party — Musavat and
Muslim National Committee (Transcaucasus)
615,816 1.34 1
Jewish national lists
Constituency List Votes %
Bessarabia[c] List 9 - Jewish National Electoral Committee 28,785 11.34
Chernigov List 4 - Jewish National Committee 28,308 2.91
Ekaterinoslav List 10 - Jewish National Electoral Committee 37,032 3.1
Kharkov List 10 - Jewish National Bloc 6,366 0.58
Kherson[l] List 10 - Jewish Bloc 86,190 13.89
Kiev List 2 - Jewish National Bloc 90,829 6.04
Minsk List 2 - Jewish National Electoral Committee 65,046 7.09
Mogilev List 9 - Jewish National Electoral Committee 42,037 5.8
Podolia[e] List 2 - Jewish National Electoral Committee 62,544 7.53
Podolia[e] List 6 - Jewish List 322 0.04
Poltava List 6 - Jewish National Electoral Committee 13,722 1.19
Poltava List 9 - Jewish List 12,100 1.05
Taurida List 11 - Jewish Nationalists 13,986 2.43
Transcaucasus List 15 - Zionists 6,983 0.35
Vitebsk List 7 - Jewish National Electoral Committee 24,790 4.42
Volhynia Jewish national lists; List 2 - Jewish National Electoral Committeeï; List 3 - Jewish National Party; List 8 - Jewish Community Personalities 55,967 6.96
575,007 1.25 18
Armenian Revolutionary Federation (Transcaucasus) 558,400 1.22 1
Other Muslim lists
Constituency List Votes %
Astrakhan List 2 - Muslim Group 25,023 12.89
Kazan List 4 - Kazan Governorate Muslim Assembly 99,080 11.54
Orenburg List 5 - Muslim Association 16,652 2.46
Perm List 9 - Muslims-Bashkirs 47,578 3.72
Perm List 3 - Muslims 29,683 2.32
Steppes[f] List 7 - Tatars 468 0.47
Steppes[f] List 13 - Muslim-Democrats 14 0.01
Taurida List 9 - Muslims 68,581 11.93
Tobolsk List 4 - Muslims 25,830 5.22
Transcaucasus List 13 - Western Transcaucasus Muslims 71 0
Ufa List 1 - Muslim National Council 88,850 9.29
Vyatka[n] List 4 - Muslim Union of Vyatka Governorate 37,781 5.9
439,611 0.96 12
Popular Socialists, Ukrainian Socialist-Federalists and allies
Constituency List Votes %
Altai List 3 - Popular Socialists 6,068 0.85
Astrakhan List 7 - Popular Socialist Group of Tsarevsky Uezd 906 0.47
Bessarabia[c] List 10 - Bessarabian Popular Socialist Labour Party 376 0.15
Irkutsk List 3 - Siberian Autonomists and Popular Socialists 6,925 3.33
Kaluga List 1 - Popular Socialists 601 0.15
Kharkov List 11 - Popular Socialists 11,852 1.08
Kherson[l] List 11 - Popular Socialists 5,626 0.91
Kursk List 3 - Popular Socialists 8,594 0.81
Moscow List 2 - Popular Socialists 6,058 0.97
Moscow Metropolis List 7 - Popular Socialist 2,508 0.33
Nizhny Novgorod List 10 - Popular Socialists 2,666 0.46
Northern Front List 2 - Popular Socialists 5,868 0.7
Novgorod List 1 - Popular Socialists 10,314 2.12
Orenburg List 7 - Popular Socialists 5,681 0.84
Penza List 6 - Popular Socialists 4,336 0.68
Petrograd List 8 - Popular Socialists 12,048 2.55
Petrograd Metropolis List 1 - Popular Socialists 19,109 2.03
Podolia[e] List 9 - Popular Socialists 852 0.1
Pskov List 1 - Popular Socialists and Toiling Peasants 4,059 0.79
Romanian Front List 5 - Popular Socialists 4,514 0.4
Ryazan List 4 - Popular Socialists 5,216 0.75
Samara List 5 - Popular Socialists 4,364 0.36
Saratov List 8 - Popular Socialists 10,243 0.94
Smolensk List 4 - Popular Socialists 2,210 0.34
South-Western Front List 9 - Popular Socialists 3,084 0.31
Taurida List 2 - Popular Socialists 4,643 0.81
Ter-Dagestan[g] List 2 - Popular Socialists 53 0.14
Tobolsk List 3 - Peasants Union-Popular Socialists alliance 50,780 10.27
Tomsk List 4 - Popular Socialists 15,802 2.49
Transbaikal[h] Popular Socialists; List 7 - Popular Socialists and Citizens of Barguzin Uezd; List 8 - Transbaikal Division of the Popular Socialists 2,682 2.73
Transcaucasus List 9 - Popular Socialists 514 0.02
Tula[i] List 6 - Popular Socialists 1,832 0.38
Tver List 7 - Popular Socialists 2,338 0.38
Ufa List 8 - Popular Socialists 11,429 1.19
Vitebsk List 2 - Popular Socialists 3,599 0.64
Vladimir List 5 - Popular Socialists 6,908 1.14
Vologda[j] List 3 - Popular Socialists 8,071 1.91
Voronezh List 6 - Popular Socialists 6,116 0.56
Vyatka[n] List 5 - Popular Socialists and Cheremi National Union 25,311 3.95
Yaroslavl List 1 - Popular Socialists 5,637 1.23
Yenisei List 6 - Popular Socialists 8,703 2.44
Chernigov List 3 - Bloc of Ukrainian Socialist-Federalists and Popular Socialists 10,089 1.04
Kiev List 13 - Ukrainian Socialists-Federalists and Popular Socialists 3,072 0.2
Poltava List 13 - Ukrainian Socialist-Federalists 9,092 0.79
Don Cossack Region List 7 - Popular Socialists-Cooperative alliance 5,049 0.36
Ekaterinoslav List 4 - Popular Socialists-Cooperative alliance 9,496 0.8
Poltava List 14 - Popular Socialists and Cooperativists 4,391 0.38
Stavropol List 6 - Popular Socialists-and Cooperativists 670 0.2
Tambov List 4 - Popular Socialists and Congress of Cooperative Organizations 7,408 0.63
347,763 0.76 50
Chuvash
Constituency List Votes %
Kazan List 1 - The All Chuvash National Congress, the Chuvash Military Committees and the Chuvash Organization of the Socialist Revolutionary Party 226,496 26.38
Samara List 8 - Chuvash National Congress of Socialist-Revolutionaries 9,036 0.75
Simbirsk List 12 - All Chuvash National Congress and Chuvash Organizations 55 0.01
235,587 0.51 3
All-Russian Union of Landowners and Farmers, allies
Constituency List Votes %
Bessarabia[c] List 3 - Union of Landowners 5,246 2.07
Chernigov List 14 - Landowners 11,857 1.22
Don Cossack Region List 9 - Landowners 5,457 0.39
Ekaterinoslav List 1 - Landowners and Nonpartisan Progressives 26,597 2.23
Kharkov List 2 - Landowners 13,847 1.27
Kursk List 5 - Union of Landowners 8,656 0.82
Minsk List 3 - Union of Landowners 3,465 0.38
Mogilev List 5 - Union of Landowners 10,136 1.4
Moscow List 8 - Landowners 2,189 0.35
Novgorod List 7 - Union of Landowners 7,804 1.6
Oryol List 6 - Union of Landowners 12,911 1.58
Poltava List 2 - Farmer-Owners 61,115 5.32
Pskov List 5 - Pskov Provincial Union of Landowners 3,209 0.62
Saratov List 6 - Union of Landowners 13,804 1.27
Tambov List 2 - Union of Landowners 12,493 1.06
Taurida List 12 - Landowner 7,715 1.34
Tver List 2 - Union of Landowners 3,677 0.6
Ufa List 2 - Landowners 7,358 0.77
Voronezh List 8 - Union of Landowners 7,231 0.66
Yaroslavl List 5 - Union of Landowners 4,497 0.98
Ryazan List 7 - Bloc of Landowners and Old Believers 1,041 0.15
Vitebsk List 8 - Landowners and Old Believers 6,098 1.09
Novgorod List 2 - Homeowners and Landowners of Novgorod Governorate 1,178 0.24
237,581 0.52 23
Polish lists
Constituency List Votes %
Kiev List 11 - Polish 42,943 2.86
Minsk List 8 - Polish Electoral Committee 36,882 4.02
Mogilev List 10 - Mogilev Governorate Polish Council 15,981 2.2
Podolia[e] List 8 - Regional Polish List 46,500 5.6
Podolia[e] List 16 - United Polish 412 0.05
Vitebsk List 10 - United Polish Organizations 10,556 1.88
Volhynia List 4 - Polish 57,998 7.21
211,272 0.46 7
Orthodox lists
Constituency List Votes %
Ekaterinoslav List 6 - Orthodox-Farmers alliance 8,068 0.68
Irkutsk List 6 - Orthodox parishes 2,653 1.27
Kazan List 6 - Orthodox Clergy and Laymen of the Kazan Governorate 12,322 1.44
Kharkov List 1 - [Orthodox] Parishes 10,478 0.96
Kherson[l] List 1 - [Orthodox] Clergy and Laymen 13,038 2.1
Kostroma List 5 - Orthodox Clergy and Laymen 17,901 3.22
Perm List 10 - [Orthodox] Clerical People's Party 47,881 3.75
Petrograd List 7 - Petrograd Governorate Union of Orthodox Parishes 5,661 1.2
Petrograd Metropolis List 12 - United Orthodox Parishes 24,139 2.56
Samara List 15 - Orthodox Followers 13,133 1.09
Saratov List 5 - Orthodox People's Party 17,414 1.6
Smolensk List 8 - [Orthodox] Parish Non-Party Group 5,300 0.81
Stavropol List 4 - [Orthodox] Clergy and Worshippers 3,078 0.94
Steppes[f] List 2 - [Orthodox] Clergy and Laymen 705 0.71
Steppes[f] List 14 - [Orthodox] Clergy and Laymen of Petropavlovsk 5 0.01
Ufa List 6 - Orthodox Parishes 11,178 1.17
Vitebsk List 6 - Vitebsk Belarusian People's Union and Orthodox Parishes of the Faith of the Polotsk Diocese 9,019 1.61
Vyatka List 10 - Orthodox Parish Democratic Union 9,000 1.4
210,973 0.46 18
Bashkir Federalists
Constituency List Votes %
Orenburg List 9 - Bashkir Federalists 51,787 7.65
Samara List 4 - Bashkir Federalists 12,397 1.03
Ufa List 11 - Bashkir Federalists 135,977 14.22
200,161 0.44 3
German lists
Constituency List Votes %
Altai List 6 - Russian Germans 8,048 1.13
Ekaterinoslav List 14 - Russian Citizens of German Nationality 25,977 2.18
Kharkov List 16 - Germans 5,221 0.48
Kherson[l] List 3 - Russian Citizens of German Nationality 27,879 4.49
Moscow Metropolis List 6 - Commonwealth of Nations (mainly Germans) 2,076 0.27
Samara List 16 - Union of Russian Citizens of German Nationality in the Central Volga Region 47,705 3.97
Saratov List 7 - Volga Germans 50,025 4.6
Steppes[f] List 12 - Germans 11 0.01
Taurida List 10 - Germans 27,681 4.82
194,623 0.42 9
Muslim Shuro-Islamia
Constituency List Votes %
Samara List 13 - Muslim Shuro-Islamia 126,558 10.53
Simbirsk List 8 - Muslim Shuro Islamia 57,000 9.04
183,558 0.40 2
Peasants lists
Constituency List Votes %
Bessarabia[c] List 1 - Soviet of Peasants' Deputies 69,085 27.22
Chernigov List 6 - Peasants of Mglin Uezd 538 0.06
Kharkov List 18 - Peasants of Zmiyevsky Uezd 311 0.03
Kharkov List 17 - Peasants of Sumy Uezd 229 0.02
Perm List 1 - Krasnoufimsky Non-Partisan Credit Union 13,748 1.08
Poltava List 16 - Soviet of Peasants Deputies of Smenoi Rovno Village 445 0.04
Priamur List 2 - Maritime Province Soviet of Peasants Deputies 56,718 27.08
Samara List 12 - Non-Party Peasants-Farmers 3,030 0.25
Saratov List 11 - Peasants of Petrovsk uezd and Mordva Population 6,379 0.59
Stavropol List 3 - Farmers 3,205 0.98
Tambov List 6 - Uezd Peasants List 887 0.08
Tula[i] List 3 - Peasants of Basavsk volost 770 0.16
Uralsk List 4 - Soviet of Peasants and Non-Resident Deputies 26,059 7.03
Vitebsk List 13 - Peasants of Vitebsk Governorate 9,752 1.74
191,156 0.42 14
Russian rightists
Constituency List Votes %
Kherson[l] List 2 - Russian Popular State Union (Rightists) 4,217 0.68
Kiev List 8 - Russian Rightists 48,758 3.24
Minsk List 11 - Russian Democratic Party 10,040 1.09
Moscow List 10 - Group of Public Figures (rightists) 8,443 1.35
Moscow Metropolis List 9 - Labour Non-Party Group (Rightists, ex-Octobrists) 4,085 0.53
Nizhny Novgorod List 11 - Christian Union for Faith and Fatherland 48,428 8.35
Perm List 8 - Radical Democrats 1,381 0.11
Petrograd Metropolis List 11 - Central Committee of the Russian Radical Democratic Party 413 0.04
Saratov List 9 - Society for Faith and Order 6,600 0.61
Vladimir List 2 - Revival of Free Russia (rightists) 9,209 1.52
Volhynia List 13 - Rightists and coreligionists 1,438 0.18
Western Front List 6 - Russian Democratic Party 3,055 0.31
146,067 0.32 12
Old Believers
Constituency List Votes %
Altai List 1 - Old Believers 17,292 2.42
Chernigov List 5 - Old Believers 4,858 0.5
Don Cossack Region List 3 - Old Believer 8,183 0.58
Kaluga List 4 - Old Believers 4,409 1.13
Kherson[l] List 12 - Old Believers 2,188 0.35
Moscow List 9 - Old Believers 7,467 1.2
Nizhny Novgorod List 5 - Union of Old Believer Accord 16,230 2.8
Perm List 4 - Old Believers 35,853 2.81
Samara List 7 - Old Believer Joint Committee 6,508 0.54
Saratov List 4 - Russian People's Party of Christians-Old Believers 13,956 1.28
Transbaikal[h] List 9 - Union of Transbaikal Old Believers 1,418 1.44
118,362 0.26 11
SR Defencists[p]
Constituency List Votes %
Baltic Fleet List 4 - Right-wing Socialist-Revolutionaries 13,249 11.74
Kazan List 9 - Right-wing Socialist-Revolutionaries 9,820 1.14
Kharkov List 15 - SR Defencists 42,331 3.87
Petrograd Metropolis List 8 - Petrograd Group of SR Defencists (Volya Naroda group) 4,696 0.5
Simbirsk List 4 - SR Defencists 29,446 4.67
99,542 0.22 5
Ukrainian Social Democratic Labour Party[q]
Constituency List Votes %
Kherson[l] List 8 - Ukrainian Soc.-Dem. Labour Party 63,159 10.18
Poltava List 15 - Ukrainian Social Democrats 22,613 1.97
85,772 0.19 2
Right-wing socialist blocs[r]
Constituency List Votes %
Don Cossack Region List 1 - Bloc of Socialists (right-wing socialists, incl. Unity) 5,718 0.41
Kazan List 3 - Cooperatives and Independent Socialists 2,993 0.35
Kharkov List 19 - Cooperators and Unity 590 0.05
Moscow Metropolis List 8 - Democratic Socialist Bloc (incl. Cooperative, Unity) 35,305 4.62
Oryol List 7 - Unity, Cooperators and Popular Socialists 1,384 0.17
Perm List 11 - Bloc of Rightist SRs and Unity 29,112 2.28
Steppes[f] List 10 - United Socialists (Mensheviks-Rightwing Socialist Bloc) 4,731 4.77
Western Front List 10 - Bloc of Popular Socialists, Unity and right-wing SRs (based around the Volya Naroda newspaper) 2,840 0.29
82,673 0.18 8
Muinil Islam Society (Fergana) 76,849 0.17 1
Estonian Democratic Bloc (Estonia) 68,085 0.15 1
Ittehad (Transcaucasus) 66,504 0.14 1
Estonian Labour Party (Estonia) 64,704 0.14 1
Buryat National Committee
Constituency List Votes %
Irkutsk List 5 - Buryat National Committee, SRs 39,248 18.85
Transbaikal[h] List 2 - Buryat National Committee 17,083 17.39
56,331 0.12 2
Union of Ukrainian Peasants, Ukrainian Refugees
and the Organization of Tatar Socialist Revolutionaries (Saratov)
53,445 0.12 1
Union of Socialists of the Volga German Region (Samara) 42,148 0.09 1
Lettish Peasant Union
Constituency List Votes %
Livonia List 1- Lettish Peasants Union 31,253 22.97
Pskov List 8 - Lettish Peasant Union and Lettish Radical Democratic Party 3,859 0.75
35,112 0.08 2
United Jewish Socialist Labour Party (S.S. and E.S.)
Constituency List Votes %
Ekaterinoslav List 2 - United Jewish Socialist Labour Party (S.S. and E.S.) 5,831 0.49
Kharkov List 13 - Serp 917 0.08
Kiev List 3 - Jewish Socialists 14,115 0.94
Minsk List 1 - United Socialist Jewish Labour Party (S.S. and E.S.) 4,880 0.53
Mogilev List 3 - United Jewish Socialist Labour Party (S.S. and E.S.) 4,004 0.55
Podolia[e] List 3 - United Jewish Socialist Labour Party (S.S. and E.S.) 3,415 0.41
Poltava List 7 - United Jewish Socialist Labour Party (S.S. and E.S.) 1,482 0.13
34,644 0.08 7
Bund[s]
Constituency List Votes %
Ekaterinoslav List 11 - Bund 4,883 0.41
Kiev List 9 - Bund 20,144 1.34
Podolia[e] List 5 - Bund 7,959 0.96
32,986 0.07 3
National Bloc (Ukrainians, Muslims, Poles and Lithuanians) (Penza) 29,821 0.06 1
Uighur-Dungan alliance (Semirechie) 28,386 0.06 1
Commercial-Industrial lists
Constituency List Votes %
Chernigov List 12 - Commercial-Industrial 525 0.05
Kharkov List 12 - Commercial-Industrial 6,543 0.6
Kiev List 16 - Commercial-Industrial 2,508 0.17
Moscow Metropolis List 12 - Commercial-Industrial Group 2,300 0.3
Oryol List 4 - Commercial-Industrial Union 4,462 0.55
Tula[i] List 7 - Commercial-Industrial 6,624 1.39
Tver List 8 - Commercial-Industrial Union 812 0.13
Vyatka[n] List 2 - Vyatka Governorate Commercial and Industrial Union 3,424 0.53
27,198 0.06 8
Socialist-Federalists and Peasants of Latgale (Vitebsk) 26,990 0.06 1
Jewish Social Democratic Labour Party (Poalei Zion)
Constituency List Votes %
Chernigov List 11 - Poalei Zion 2,808 0.29
Ekaterinoslav List 8 - Poalei Zion 3,307 0.28
Kharkov List 8 - Poalei Zion 875 0.08
Kherson[l] List 6 - Poalei Zion 1,687 0.27
Kiev List 4 - Poalei Zion 4,086 0.27
Minsk List 10 - Jewish Soc.-Dem. Labour Party (Poalei Zion) 6,184 0.67
Mogilev List 4 - Jewish Soc.-Dem. Labour Party (Poalei Zion) 2,596 0.36
Podolia[e] List 7 - Poalei Zion 2,164 0.26
Poltava List 4 - Poalei Zion 879 0.08
Taurida List 8 - Poalei Zion 1,745 0.3
26,331 0.06 10
Unity
Constituency List Votes %
Ekaterinoslav List 15 - Unity 7,363 0.62
Kharkov List 14 - Unity 2,293 0.21
Kiev List 17 - Unity 928 0.06
Novgorod List 5 - Unity 860 0.18
Petrograd Metropolis List 18 - All-Russian Soc.-Dem. Organization "Unity" 1,823 0.19
Samara List 11 - Unity 937 0.08
Taurida List 7 - Unity 2,273 0.4
Tver List 4 - Unity and Union of Credit and Savings Associations 975 0.16
Ufa List 7 - Unity 3,078 0.32
Vologda[j] List 5 - Unity 3,742 0.88
24,272 0.05 10
Menshevik Defencists
Constituency List Votes %
Kharkov List 9 - Menshevik Defencists 6,024 0.55
Petrograd Metropolis List 17 - Menshevik Defencists (Potresovites) 17,427 1.85
23,451 0.05 2
Georgian National Democrats (Transcaucasus) 22,499 0.05 1
Menshevik-Internationalists[t]
Constituency List Votes %
Kharkov List 4 - Menshevik-Internationalists 12,192 1.12
Moscow Metropolis List 10 - United Internationalists 1,907 0.25
Northern Front List 6 - Menshevik-Internationalists (Novayazhiznists) 4,454 0.53
Samara List 14 - Menshevik-Internationalists 936 0.08
Steppes[f] List 4 - Menshevik-Internationalists 1,775 1.79
Tula[i] List 8 - Menshevik-Internationalists 550 0.12
21,814 0.05 6
Cooperative movement
Constituency List Votes %
Novgorod List 8 - Union of Cooperativists 1,123 0.23
Orenburg List 6 - Cooperative 7,296 1.08
Petrograd List 6 - Cooperative Group 841 0.18
Tomsk List 6 - Cooperative Organizations of Tomsk Governorate 2,686 0.42
Tula[i] List 9 - Cooperative 1,294 0.27
Ufa List 4 - Cooperative 4,941 0.52
Vladimir List 7 - Cooperative 1,482 0.25
19,663 0.04 7
Georgian Socialist-Federalists (Transcaucasus) 19,042 0.04 1
Estonian Socialist Revolutionary Party (Estonia) 17,726 0.04 1
Ukrainian non-socialists
Constituency List Votes %
Chernigov List 15 - Non-Partisan Public Figures 12,050 1.24
Poltava List 11 - Ukrainian National Republican Group 1,070 0.09
Kharkov List 7 - E. Abramov 3,776 0.35
16,896 0.04 3
Estonian Radical Democratic Party (Estonia) 17,022 0.04 1
Estonian List (Petrograd) 15,963 0.03 1
All-Russian Peasants Union
Constituency List Votes %
Moscow List 6 - All-Russian Peasants Union 12,967 2.08
Moscow Metropolis List 11 - All-Russian Peasants Union 2,279 0.3
15,246 0.03 2
Finnish Socialists (Petrograd) 14,807 0.03 1
International Unity of Christian Democrats (Roman Catholics)
(Petrograd Metro)
14,382 0.03 1
Dissident leftist SR lists[u]
Constituency List Votes %
Kuban-Black Sea[d] List 1 - Leftist SRs 357 1.9
Priamur List 8 - SRs of Vladivostok, Nikolayevsk-on-Amur and Spassk (leftist Socialist-Revolutionaries) 5,805 2.77
Tobolsk List 6 - Socialist-Revolutionaries (Northern Group), leftists 3,733 0.75
Vyatka[n] List 12 - Glazovski Uezd Congress of Workers, Soldiers and Peasants Soviets (Left Socialist-Revolutionaries) 942 0.15
Yenisei List 5 - Internationalists (leftist SRs) 3,668 1.03
14,505 0.03 5
Armenian Populist Party (Transcaucasus) 13,099 0.03 1
Leftist SRs-Ukrainian SRs-Polish Socialist Party alliance (Voronezh) 11,871 0.03 1
Estonian Social Democratic Association (Estonia) 9,244 0.02 1
Greek Settlement of Mariupol uezd (Yekaterinoslav) 9,143 0.02 1
Belarusian Socialist Assembly
Constituency List Votes %
Kaluga List 6 - Belarusian Socialist Assembly 1,067 0.27
Minsk List 13 - Belarusian Socialist Assembly 2,998 0.33
Western Front List 4 - Belarusian Socialist Assembly and the Congress of Belarusian Soldiers of the Western Front 4,380 0.45
8,445 0.02 3
Folkspartei[v]
Constituency List Votes %
Mogilev List 7 - Yidishe Folkspartei and Non-Party Democratic Committee 1,737 0.24
Poltava List 1 - Folkspartei 6,448 0.56
8,185 0.02 2
Other Ukrainians[w]
Constituency List Votes %
Kuban-Black Sea[d] Ukrainians (Lists 5 and 9) 98 0.6
Nizhny Novgorod List 6 - Ukrainian Group 126 0.02
Priamur List 6 - Amur Oblast Ukrainian Council 3,125 1.49
Samara List 10 - Ukrainians 4,378 0.36
Ter-Dagestan[g] List 10 - Ukrainians 209 0.54
7,936 0.02 6
All Russian League for Women's Equality
Constituency List Votes %
Petrograd Metropolis List 7 - All-Russian League for Women's Equality 5,310 0.56
Pskov List 9 - All-Russian League for Women's Equality 2,366 0.46
7,676 0.02 2
Moldovan National Party (Bessarabia)[c] 6,643 0.01 1
Lettish Democrats-Nationalists (Vitebsk) 5,881 0.01 1
Latgallian Popular Committee and Latgallian
Socialist Party of Working People (Vitebsk)
5,118 0.01 1
Other lists with less than 5,000 votes
Constituency List Votes %
Petrograd Metropolis List 14 - Independent Union of Workers, Soldiers and Peasants 4,942 0.52
Black Sea Fleet List 2 - Tsentroflot and the Sevastopol Branch of the Union of Sailors 4,769 9.06
Moscow List 7 - Democratic Non-partisan Group of Members of District Committees of Sergiev Posad 4,497 0.72
Yaroslavl List 6 - Bloc of Traders, Industrialists, Artisans and Homeowners 4,421 0.96
Podolia[e] List 12 - Ukrainian Toilers List 3,810 0.46
Petrograd Metropolis List 3 - Christian Democratic Party 3,797 0.40
Romanian Front List 9 -Lettish Soldiers 3,386 0.30
Mogilev List 8 - White Russian Organizations 2,523 0.35
Moscow Metropolis List 2 - National-Socialist Bloc (Ukrainian Socialist Bloc and Nationalist Bloc) 2,346 0.31
Pskov List 7 - Pskov United Democratic Groups of Townspeople, Peasants and Workers 2,337 0.45
Yenisei List 7 - Siberian Autonomist 2,299 0.65
Baltic Fleet List 3 - List without title (Officers' Union) 2,018 1.79
Kazan List 8 - Agricultural-Artisan-Commercial-Industrial group 2,001 0.23
Baltic Fleet List 5 - Non-Partisan Group 1,948 1.73
Smolensk List 5 - Nationalist Bloc 1,708 0.26
Poltava List 5 - List without title 1,657 0.14
Chernigov List 8 - Toiling Peasants 1,020 0.10
Chernigov List 13 - Employees of Government Agencies 1,005 0.10
Kiev List 10 - Villagers' Group 655 0.04
Kiev List 7 - Military Revolutionary Union 258 0.02
Kiev List 15 - Zaustsinsky 203 0.01
Oryol List 1 - Union of Homeowners 438 0.05
Petrograd Metropolis List 10 - People's Development League 386 0.04
Petrograd Metropolis List 13 - Women's Union for Motherland 318 0.03
Petrograd Metropolis List 5 - Universal League of National Associations of Socialist-Universalists 158 0.02
Podolia[e] List 13 - Ushitsky Uezd List 284 0.03
Smolensk List 2 - Group Allied with Socialist Parties 645 0.1
Steppes[f] List 9 - Cossack-Socialists 475 0.48
Taurida Molokan 885 0.15
Ter-Dagestan[g] List 9 - Chechen-Ingush Peoples 332 0.86
Voronezh List 7 - Mazury Society of Novokhopersky Uezd 796 0.07
Arkhangelsk[b] List 3 - Citizens Group of Kurlev volost 1,160 0.91
Olonets List 3 - Citizens of Vazhinskaya Volost, Olonets Uezd 2,813 1.87
Vitebsk List 14 - Citizens of Boletskii Volost of Gorodsky Uezd 752 0.13
61,042 0.13 34
Unaccounted 294,530 0.64
Total 45,904,897 100.00 640
Sources: Radkey (1989),[1] Spirin (1987),[2] Hovannisian (1967),[3] Vestnik Evrazii (2004)[4]

Studies on the Constituent Assembly election outcome

[edit]

Svyatitsky and Lenin

[edit]

There are various different accounts of the election result, with varying numbers.[5] Many accounts on the election result originate from N. V. Svyatitsky's account, who was himself elected as an SR deputy to the Constituent Assembly.[5] His article was included in the one-year anniversary symposium of the Russian Revolution organized by the SR party (Moscow, Zemlya i Volya Publishers, 1918). Lenin (1919) describes Svyatitsky's account as extremely interesting. It presented results from 54 electoral districts, covering most of European Russia and Siberia. Notably is lacked details from the Olonets, Estonian, Kaluga, Bessarabian, Podolsk, Orenburg, Yakutsk, Don governorates, as well as Transcaucasus. All in all, Svyatitsky's account includes 36,257,960 votes. According to Lenin, the actual number from said 54 electoral districts was 36,262,560 votes. But Lenin reaffirms that between Svyatitisky's article and his account, the number of votes cast by party is largely identical.[6]

Lenin's account of the 1917 Russian Constituent Assembly result
(54 districts)
Bloc Votes % Party Votes %
Party of the Proletariat 9,023,963 25 Bolsheviks 9,023,963 25
Petty-bourgeoisie democratic parties 22,616,064 62 Socialist-Revolutionaries 20,900,000 58
Mensheviks 668,064 2
Popular Socialists 312,000 1
Unity 25,000
Cooperative 51,000
Ukrainian Soc.-Dem. 95,000
Ukrainian Socialists 507,000 1
German socialists 44,000
Finnish Socialists 14,000
Parties of landowners and bourgeoisie 4,539,639 13 Kadets 1,856,639 5
Association of Rural Proprietors and Landowners 215,000 1
Right groups 292,000 1
Old Believers 73,000
Jews 550,000 2
Muslims 576,000 2
Bashkirs 195,000
Letts 67,000
Polish 155,000
German 130,000
White Russians 12,000
Lists of various groups and organizations 418,000 1

Radkey and Spirin

[edit]

Later studies often use Svyatitsky's 1918 account as their starting point for further elaboration.[5] L. M. Spirin (1987) uses local newspapers and Russian, Belarusian and Ukrainian archival holdings to supplement Svyatitsky, whereas U.S. historian Oliver Henry Radkey predominately uses local newspapers as sources.[5] According to Rabinovitch (2016), Spirin's account is the most complete.[5] According to Arato (2017), Radkey is the most serious historian on the 1917 election.[7]

Radkey uses a number of uses broad categories in presenting the result party-wise: SRs (sometimes distinguished between left/right), Bolsheviks, Mensheviks (sometimes divided between Menshevik-Internationalists and Right-wing pro-war Mensheviks), Other Socialists (with subcategories) Kadets, Special interests (including subcategories peasants, landowners, Cossacks, middle-class, others), Religious (Orthodox, Old Believers, others), Ukrainian (with subcategories), Turkic-Tatar (with subcategories), Other Nationalities (with subcategories).[8]

The main source for the results table is Radkey (1989), who is used as reference for district-wise results unless specified otherwise. List numbers and names are largely taken from the Soviet historian L. M. Spirin's work.[2] Notably, one list has been included that appears in Radkey but not in Spirin (the Molokan list in Taurida, with 885 votes).

Essentially, Radkey uses 5 classifications on the completeness of the district-level electoral result in his study:

Complete or presumably complete: Olonets  • Petrograd Metropolis  • Pskov  • Novgorod  • Estonia  • Vitebsk  • Minsk  • Smolensk  • Moscow Metropolis  • Tver  • Yaroslavl  • Kostroma  • Vladimir  • Kaluga  • Oryol  • Kursk  • Voronezh  • Tambov  • Penza  • Nizhni Novgorod  • Simbirsk  • Kazan  • Samara  • Saratov  • Perm  • Ufa  • Orenburg  • Kiev  • Chernigov  • Poltava  • Kharkov  • Yekaterinoslav  • Don Cossack Region  • Stavropol  • Uralsk  • Semirechie  • Tobolsk  • Tomsk  • Altai  • Chinese Eastern Railroad  • Baltic Fleet  • Black Sea Fleet  • Northern Front
Somewhat incomplete (missing up to 1 uezd): Moscow  • Petrograd  • Livonia  • Ryazan  • Astrakhan  • Volynia  • Taurida  • Yenisei  • Irkutsk  • Priamur  • Western Front  • South-Western Front  • Romanian Front
Substantially incomplete (missing results from more than 1 uezd): Arkhangelsk  • Vologda  • Tula  • Vyatka  • Podolia  • Kherson • Transbaikal  • Transcaucasus
Fragmentary (missing more than half of the results from the district), but still used in the results table: Mogilev  • Ter-Dagestan (no deputies elected)  • Bessarabia  • Steppes (no deputies elected)  • Kamchatka  • Caucasian Front
No election or no result Fergana  • Kuban-Black Sea  • Turgai  • Amu Darya  • Syr Darya  • Transcaspian  • Samarkand  • Pricaspian  • Horde  • Yakutsk  • Russian forces in France and the Balkans

From Radkey's account, there are 294,530 "unaccounted" votes, i.e. votes that were registered in totals but without their list identity clarified.

Protasov

[edit]

A more recent research effort is represented by Russian historian L. G. Protasov, whose 1997 account includes 48,401,962 votes from 75 electoral districts.[9][10] His estimate is that electoral participation was around 63-64%.[9] In comparison with other historians, Protasov uses the category "Other socialists" to include many of the national minority parties.[9] However, a 2004 account by Protasov puts the total number of accounted votes at 47,167,621.[11]

Protasov records 765 deputies elected from 73 electoral districts;[9] out of them 345 SRs, 47 Ukrainian SRs, 175 Bolsheviks, 17 Mensheviks, 7 Ukrainian Social Democrats, 14 Kadets, 2 Popular Socialists, another 32 Ukrainian socialists (possibly SRs or social democrats), 13 Muslim socialists, 10 Dashnaks, 68 from other national parties, 16 Cossacks, 10 Christians and one clergyman.[12]

Electoral district SRs Popular
Socialists
Mensheviks Bolsheviks Others
socialists
Kadets National
lists
Rightists Others Total
Altai 621377 6068 3785 45268 12108 8048 17292 713946
Arkhangelsk 106570 7335 36522 12086 1160 163673
Astrakhan 100482 942 2220 36023 13017 25023 16400 194107
Bessarabia 112886 1367 4179 28614 10797 19050 49018 6317 116467 348695
Vitebsk 150279 3599 12471 287101 32108 8132 41227 15117 10504 560538
Vladimir 196886 6917 13139 345306 38058 9193 1659 611158
Vologda 348239 8340 3606 84358 25357 469900
Volynia 27575 16947 35612 570073 22397 113992 1746 15866 804208
Voronezh 875300 6116 8658 151517 11871 36488 7281 769 1098000
Vyatka 612525 37621 19167 236952 48106 55585 9396 55476 1074828
Don Cossack Region 478901 5049 17504 205497 5718 43345 13640 636966 1406620
Yekaterinoslav 231717 9496 39155 213163 565150 27551 72152 34665 1193049
Yenisei 233345 8000 4581 96138 12263 2452 356779
Transbaikal 104220 4260 3245 17260 7200 26155 218 15078 177636
Transcaucasus 117522 514 661934 93581 825672 25673 728206 2453102
Irkutsk 127834 14935 6899 33576 9393 39248 3267 235152
Kazan 273978 4906 51936 382640 31728 99080 12322 2001 858591
Kaluga 127313 601 6996 225378 1067 24125 4409 389889
Kamchatka[x] 226 95 16 337
Kiev 19220 3072 32685 60693 1179234 28667 133766 48758 3624 1509719
Chinese Eastern Railway 5079 13138 10613 6322 35152
Kostroma 249838 19488 226905 41448 17901 555580
Kursk 869497 8591 6043 120094 47221 8715 1060161
Kuban-Black Sea[x] 2828 794 9167 3226 98 5733 21846
Livonia 7046 97781 31253 136080
Minsk 181673 16277 579087 14054 10724 101928 13505 917248
Mogilev 511998 21664 93060 6600 19316 62278 10136 725052
Moscow Metropolis 62260 2508 21597 366148 37651 263859 10740 764763
Moscow 172229 6978 27928 368264 44478 8458 31536 659871
Nizhni Novgorod 314472 5186 7660 133970 19959 34724 402 67305 2216 585894
Novgorod 220665 10314 10196 203658 31484 7804 2301 486422
Olonets 127120 20278 2813 150211
Oryol 510628 16301 241785 3338 18345 12911 10096 813404
Orenburg 112209 6550 9575 166121 24847 158663 226604 704569
Penza 517226 4336 4726 54731 25407 29821 636247
Perm 665118 27502 268292 29012 111241 77861 83734 15129 1277889
Petrograd Metropolis 156936 19109 29820 424024 4377 246506 42308 18001 941081
Petrograd 119761 12048 6100 229698 16904 64859 15963 5661 841 471835
Podolia[x] 11052 852 12487 32942 660432 9371 113588 7530 848254
Poltava 198437 4391 5993 64460 761313 18105 33340 63217 1149256
Priamur 61967 16772 43534 17799 3275 97556 240903
Pskov 295012 4059 4870 173631 25961 3859 3209 4703 515304
Ryazan 427364 5695 5039 272153 30734 9368 4216 754569
Samarkand 4238 1586 87059 1913 94796
Samara 690341 4369 6125 195132 51212 44507 192861 20180 3083 1207810
Saratov 612094 10243 15152 261308 27226 103470 51774 6379 1087646
Semirechie 120150 200639 28272 349061
Simbirsk 424185 7953 4785 90388 18303 71931 11130 2116 630791
Smolensk 250134 2855 7901 361062 29274 1708 5300 658234
Stavropol 291395 670 1836 17430 10898 3078 2609 327916
Steppes[x] 14930 2500 18901 7713 7886 135386 1469 5869 194654
Taurida 300150 4544 16875 31154 63271 38108 105586 8022 825 568535
Tambov 837497 7412 22424 240652 6222 47548 12494 889 1175138
Tver 245997 3739 18752 398479 37453 7723 2974 715117
Ter-Dagestan[x] 11542 443 1461 29889 386 11330 1881 29924 86856
Tobolsk 392061 50780 12061 13793 25830 494525
Tomsk 541153 15802 5769 51456 18618 2686 635484
Tula 256069 1991 10940 237558 22782 9516 538856
Turgai 63650 6758 211274 281682
Uralsk 5076 278014 87535 370625
Ufa 322166 11429 2614 48151 304844 15825 224817 11178 15372 956396
Fergana 770284 770284
Kharkov 838873 11852 20529 114743 1802 61302 11587 24335 11448 1096451
Kherson[x] 368078 6177 17371 107975 65210 57699 117805 21609 143647 905571
Chernigov 105565 10089 10813 271174 486964 28864 28308 16715 15154 973646
Estonia 3200 64704 119863 68085 17022 299844
Yakutsk 1208 247 586 1541 3582
Yaroslavl 197465 5637 16803 176035 53730 4427 4421 458518
Baltic Fleet 45016 66810 3997 115193
Black Sea Fleet 22251 1943 10771 12895 4769 52629
Northern Front 249832 5868 10420 471828 88956 13687 840591
Western Front 180582 9700 653430 68455 16750 47083 976000
South-Western Front 402930 1125 79630 300112 177354 13724 9465 23083 1007423
Romanian Front 670047 4004 36485 173728 188760 20956 31623 1125603
Caucasian Front 229705 20574 61783 10285 8640 330987
Total 19110074 439200 1522577 10890067 7030897 2180488 4670189 674160 1885050 48401962

[10]

District-wise results

[edit]

The voting figures presented in the tables below are from Radkey (1989),[1] unless stated otherwise. In various districts, Radkey was not able to present a full account of the vote. In many cases the sources available to Radkey did not include all the lists in a specific district, meaning that in the account as a whole smaller parties tend to get underrepresented in many of the district-wise accounts. In some districts Radkey uses different sources for different lists, creating partially incomplete listings.

The names of elected deputies originate from Protasov (2008).[13] Party identity has been simplified. SR lists often included labels such as 'Socialist-Revolutionaries and Congress of Peasants Deputies' or 'Earth and Will', for example, but are here just presented as SR.

Metropolitan cities

[edit]

Petrograd City

[edit]
Petrograd Metropolis electoral district

Petrograd city constituted an electoral district of its own, separate from the rest of the Petrograd Governorate.[14] Voter turnout in the capital was estimated at between 69.7% and 72%.[15]

For the Petrograd Metropolitan district, Radkey assigns 861 votes as "unaccounted" for minor lists. Spirin presents lists 5, 10 and 13 with a total vote of 862. In the results tally below, Spirin's data is used for these 3 lists.

Petrograd City
Party Vote % Seats %
List 4 - Bolsheviks 424,027 45.00 6 50.00
List 2 - Kadets 246,506 26.16 4 33.33
List 9 - Socialist-Revolutionaries 152,230 16.15 2 16.67
List 12 - United Orthodox Parishes 24,139 2.56 0 0.00
List 1 - Popular Socialists 19,109 2.03 0 0.00
List 17 - Menshevik Defencists (Potresovites)[16] 17,427 1.85 0 0.00
List 15 - International Unity of Christian Democrats (Roman Catholics) 14,382 1.53 0 0.00
List 16 - Mensheviks 11,740 1.25 0 0.00
List 19 - Council of the Union of Cossack Host 6,712 0.71 0 0.00
List 7 - All-Russian League for Women's Equality 5,310 0.56 0 0.00
List 14 - Independent Union of Workers, Soldiers and Peasants 4,942 0.52 0 0.00
List 8 - Petrograd Group of SR Defencists (Volya Naroda group) 4,696 0.50 0 0.00
List 6 - Petrograd organizations of the Ukrainian Soc.-Dem. Labour Party,
Ukrainian SRs and United Jewish Socialist Labour Party (S.S. and E.S.)
4,219 0.45 0 0.00
List 3 - Christian Democratic Party 3,797 0.40 0 0.00
List 18 - All-Russian Soc.-Dem. Organization "Unity" 1,823 0.19 0 0.00
List 11 - Central Committee of the Russian Radical Democratic Party 413 0.04 0 0.00
List 10 - People's Development League 386 0.04 0 0.00
List 13 - Women's Union for Motherland 318 0.03 0 0.00
List 5 - Universal League of National Associations of Socialist-Universalists 158 0.02 0 0.00
Total: 942,334 100.00 12 100.00
Deputies Elected
Kutler Kadet
Milyukov Kadet
Rodichev Kadet
Vinaver Kadet
Cherepanov Bolshevik
Evdokimov Bolshevik
Kalinin Bolshevik
Stalin Bolshevik
Unszlicht Bolshevik
Zinoviev Bolshevik
Kamkov SR
Shreider SR


Moscow City

[edit]
Moscow Metropolis electoral district

The electoral district covered the city of Moscow, separate from Moscow Governorate.[14] Voter turnout in the city was estimated at between 65.4% and 69.7%.[15]

Moscow City
Party Vote % Seats %
List 5 - Bolsheviks 366,148 47.88 6 54.55
List 1 - Kadets 263,859 34.50 4 36.36
List 3 - Socialist-Revolutionaries 62,260 8.14 1 9.09
List 8 - Democratic Socialist Bloc
(incl. Cooperative, Unity)
35,305 4.62 0 0.00
List 4 - Mensheviks 19,690 2.57 0 0.00
List 9 - Labour Non-Party Group
(Rightists, ex-Octobrists)
4,085 0.53 0 0.00
List 7 - Popular Socialists 2,508 0.33 0 0.00
List 2 - National-Socialist Bloc
(Ukrainian Socialist Bloc and Nationalist Bloc)
2,346 0.31 0 0.00
List 12 - Commercial-Industrial Group 2,300 0.30 0 0.00
List 11 - All-Russian Peasants Union 2,279 0.30 0 0.00
List 6 - Commonwealth of Nations
(mainly Germans)
2,076 0.27 0 0.00
List 10 - United Internationalists 1,907 0.25 0 0.00
Total: 764,763 11
Deputies Elected
Astrov Kadet
Kokoshkin Kadet
Maklakov Kadet
Novgorodtsev Kadet
Minor SR
Bukharin Bolshevik
Ignatov Bolshevik
Meshcheryakov Bolshevik
Skvortsov-Stepanov Bolshevik
Smidovich Bolshevik
Yaroslavsky Bolshevik


North

[edit]

Arkhangelsk

[edit]

The electoral district covered the Arkhangelsk Governorate.[14] Radkey's account is missing 4 uezds, representing some 25% of the electorate the Archangel electoral district.[17]

Notably, Arkhangelsk had a different electoral system than the rest of the country, as voters voted for individual candidates rather than party lists.[17] Five parties had fielded their candidates in the constituency; The Kadets fielded Aleksander Isupov and Viktor Bartenev, the Socialist-Revolutionaries (supported by the Peasants' Deputies Soviet) fielded Alexey Ivanov and Mikhail Kvyatkovsky, the Bolsheviks fielded Matvei Muranov and Georgy Oppokov and the Mensheviks fielded Anatoli Zhidkov and Vladimir Bustrem. Pavel Osipov was nominated by a group of citizens from Kurlev volost in Kholmogory uezd.[18]

Arkhangelsk
Party Vote % Seats %
List 3 - Socialist-Revolutionaries and Soviet of Peasants' Deputies 85,272 66.81 2 100.00
List 5 - Bolsheviks 21,779 17.06
List 1 - Kadets 12,086 9.47
List 2 - Mensheviks 7,335 5.75
List 3 - Citizens Group of Kurlev volost 1,160 0.91
Total: 127,632 2
Deputies Elected
Ivanov SR
Kvyatkovskiy SR


Olonets

[edit]

The electoral district covered the Olonets Governorate.[14] Olonets had special electoral system, electing 2 deputies and with each voter having 2 votes.[19][20]

Olonets
Uezd Matveev
(SR)
Shishkin
(Menshevik)
Melekhov
(Kadet)
Deyakonov
(Kadet)
Mirokhin
(Unity)
Petrozavodsk town 4,515 4,498 1,829 1,600 262
Petrozavodsk uezd 21,123 21,057 3,624 3,367 517
Olonets 12,057 11,918 3,159 3,069 480
Lodeynoye Pole 15,542 15,442 2,142 2,092 191
Povenets 10,864 10,846 1,621 1,553 144
Kargopol 35,129 35,382 3,394 3,290 536
Pudozh 10,806 10,783 2,414 2,186 446
Vytegra 17,084 16,901 2,095 1,994 237
Total: 127,120
(elected)
126,827
(elected)
20,278 19,151 2,813
Deputies Elected
Matveev SR-Menshevik bloc
Shishkin SR-Menshevik bloc


Vologda

[edit]

The electoral district covered the Vologda Governorate.[14] Out of the 10 uezds in Vologda electoral district, the account of Rakdey has 1 uezds with a largely incomplete vote count and gaps in coverage in another 2 uezds.[21]

In Vologda the Bolsheviks and Mensheviks had a common list.[21] Soviet sources indicated that Social Democratic list was dominated by the Bolsheviks.[22]

Vologda
Party Vote % Seats %
List 1 - Socialist-Revolutionaries and Soviet of Peasants' Deputies 320,528 75.79 6 85.71
List 2 - Social Democrats (Bolsheviks/Mensheviks) 67,650 16.00 1 14.29
List 4 - Kadets 22,912 5.42
List 3 - Popular Socialists 8,071 1.91
List 5 - Unity 3,742 0.88
Total: 422,903 7
Deputies Elected
Galkin SR
Koryakin SR
Maslov SR
Raschesaev SR
Sorokin SR
Yuretsky SR
Vetoshkin Bolshevik


North-Western

[edit]

Petrograd

[edit]

The electoral district covered the Petrograd Governorate, except for the capital city itself.[14] According to Radkey his account of the result available was incomplete, as data was missing for 7 minor lists.[23] Radkey's account totals 446,273 votes, including 451 unaccounted votes.[1] Soviet historian Spirin has the same account for the three major lists, but adds another 25,462 votes for the smaller lists.[2] Spirin's account is used for the results table below.

Petrograd
Party Vote % Seats %
List 2 - Bolsheviks 229,698 48.69 5 62.50
List 10 - Socialist-Revolutionaries 119,761 25.39 2 25.00
List 1 - Kadets 64,859 13.75 1 12.50
List 4 - Estonian List 15,963 3.38
List 5 - Finnish Socialists 14,807 3.14
List 8 - Popular Socialists 12,048 2.55
List 3 - Mensheviks 6,100 1.29
List 7 - Petrograd Governorate Union of Orthodox Parishes 5,661 1.20
List 9 - Petrograd organizations of the Ukrainian Soc.-Dem. Labour Party,
Ukrainian SRs and the United Jewish Socialist Labour Party (S.S. and E.S.)
1,997 0.42
List 6 - Cooperative Group 841 0.18
Total: 471,735 8
Deputies Elected
Nabokov Kadet
Vysotsky SR
Zenzinov SR
Nimvitsky Bolshevik
Pozern Bolshevik
Raskolnikov Bolshevik
Shotman Bolshevik
Voskov Bolshevik


Pskov

[edit]

The electoral district covered the Pskov Governorate.[14] There was a 60.3% voter turnout in the district.[24]

Pskov
Party Vote % Seats %
List 3 - Socialist-Revolutionaries and Soviet of Peasants Deputies 295,012 57.25 5 62.50
List 6 - Bolsheviks 173,631 33.69 3 37.50
List 2 - Kadets 25,961 5.04
List 4 - Mensheviks 4,870 0.95
List 1 - Popular Socialists and Toiling Peasants 4,059 0.79
List 8 - Lettish Peasant Union and Lettish Radical Democratic Party 3,859 0.75
List 5 - Pskov Provincial Union of Landowners 3,209 0.62
List 9 - All-Russian League for Women's Equality 2,366 0.46
List 7 - Pskov United Democratic Groups of Townspeople, Peasants and Workers 2,337 0.45
Total: 515,304 8
Deputies Elected
Bekleshov SR
Olkhin SR
Pokrovsky SR
Safonov SR
Utkin SR
Joffe Bolshevik
Usharnov Bolshevik
Yurov (Okhotin) Bolshevik


Novgorod

[edit]

The electoral district covered the Novgorod Governorate.[14] Whilst Novgorod was an agrarian province, the Bolsheviks obtained a good vote. This might have been due to the fact that many inhabitants were accustomed to perform seasonal work in nearby Petrograd.[25] 4 local peasants lists did not qualify to run in the election.[26]

Novgorod
Party Vote % Seats %
List 4 - Socialist-Revolutionaries 220,665 45.36 4 44.44
List 6 - Bolsheviks 203,658 41.87 5 55.56
List 3 - Kadets 31,484 6.47
List 1 - Popular Socialists 10,314 2.12
List 9 - Mensheviks 9,336 1.92
List 7 - Union of Landowners 7,804 1.60
List 2 - Homeowners and Landowners of Novgorod Governorate 1,178 0.24
List 8 - Union of Cooperativists 1,123 0.23
List 5 - Unity 860 0.18
Total: 486,422 9
Deputies Elected
Gukovsky SR
Kobyakov SR
Leontiev SR
Sokolov SR
Ermakov Bolshevik
Pashin Bolshevik
Trotsky Bolshevik
Uritsky Bolshevik
Valentinov Bolshevik


Baltics

[edit]

Estonia

[edit]

The electoral district covered the Autonomous Governorate of Estonia.[14]

Voter turnout stood at 56.6% in the Estonia electoral district.[2] The Bolsheviks and Estonian Labour Party had their strongest support in Reval and northern Estonia. Bolsheviks obtained 47.6% of the votes cast in Reval. The Democratic Bloc obtained 53.4% in Tartu, and did also get a good number of votes in southern Estonia.[27] Notably, the Bolsheviks benefited from popular discontent with the failure of the Provisional Government to follow through on its promises of self-determination for Estonia.[27]

Soldiers stationed at garrisons in Estonia didn't vote in the Estonian district, but in the Baltic Fleet constituency.[2]

Estonia
Party Vote % Seats %
List 2 - Bolsheviks 119,863 39.98 4 50.00
List 7 - Estonian Democratic Bloc
(Estonian Democratic Party and Estonian Land Union)[28]
68,085 22.71 2 25.00
List 3 - Estonian Labour Party 64,704 21.58 2 25.00
List 1 - Estonian SRs 17,726 5.91
List 6 - Estonian Radical Democratic Party and Peasants Union 17,022 5.68
List 4 - Estonian SDs 9,244 3.08
List 5 - Socialist-Revolutionaries 3,200 1.07
Total: 299,844 8
Deputies Elected
Anvelt Bolshevik
Pöögelmann Bolshevik
Rabchinsky Bolshevik
Vakmann Bolshevik
Seljamaa Estonian Labour
Vilms Estonian Labour
Poska Estonian Democratic
Tõnisson Estonian Democratic


Livonia

[edit]

The electoral district covered the Livonia Governorate, as well as the parts of the Courland Governorate not under German occupation.[14] However, at the time Riga was under German occupation so no vote took place there.[29]

In Radkey's account some 9,000 votes are missing from 9 uezds.[29]

Livonia
Party Vote % Seats %
Bolsheviks 97,781 71.86 3 75.00
Lettish Peasants Union 31,253 22.97 1 25.00
Mensheviks 7,046 5.18 0 0.00
Total: 136,080 100.00 4 100.00
Deputies Elected
Goldmanis Lettish Peasant Union
Berzin SD of Latvian Territory
Peterson SD of Latvian Territory
Rozin SD of Latvian Territory


White Russia

[edit]

Vitebsk

[edit]

The electoral district covered the Vitebsk Governorate.[14]

Vitebsk
Party Vote % Seats
List 5 - Bolsheviks 287,101 51.22 6
List 1 - Socialist-Revolutionaries 150,279 26.81 3
List 11 - Socialist-Federalists and Peasants of Latgale 26,990 4.82
List 7 - Jewish National Electoral Committee 24,790 4.42
List 9 - Mensheviks-Bund 12,471 2.22
List 10 - United Polish Organizations 10,556 1.88
List 13 - Peasants of Vitebsk Governorate 9,752 1.74
List 6 - Vitebsk Belarusian People’s Union and
Orthodox Parishes of the Faith of the Polotsk Diocese
9,019 1.61
List 3 - Kadets 8,132 1.45
List 8 - Landowners and Old Believers 6,098 1.09
List 12 - Lettish Democrats-Nationalists 5,881 1.05
List 4 - Latgallian Popular Committee and
Latgallian Socialist Party of Working People
5,118 0.91
List 2 - Popular Socialists 3,599 0.64
List 14 - Citizens of Boletskii Volost of Gorodsky Uezd 752 0.13
Total: 560,538 9
Deputies Elected
Boldysh SR
Bulota SR
Gizetti SR
Ceshejko-Sochacki Bolshevik
Dzerzhinsky Bolshevik
Kamenev Bolshevik
Pinson Bolshevik
Rivkin Bolshevik
Sarkisyants Bolshevik


Minsk

[edit]

The electoral district consisted of the Minsk Governorate and the parts of the Vilna Governorate and the Kovno Governorate that were not under German occupation.[14][30] Notably, the soldiers based in the garrison in Minsk voted in the Western Front electoral district rather than the Minsk electoral district.[2] According to Radkey, his count of the result in Minsk is largely complete, only lacking 3 out of 25 volosts Mozyr uezd. These 3 volosts had 16,755 eligible voters.[29]

Minsk
Party Vote %
List 9 - Bolsheviks 579,087 63.13
List 12 - Bloc of Socialist-Revolutionaries and
the Soviet of Peasants Deputies
181,673 19.81
List 2 - Jewish National Electoral Committee 65,046 7.09
List 8 - Polish Electoral Committee 36,882 4.02
List 5 - Mensheviks-Bund 16,277 1.77
List 6 - Kadets 10,724 1.17
List 11 - Russian Democratic Party 10,040 1.09
List 10 - Jewish Soc.-Dem. Labour Party (Poalei Zion) 6,184 0.67
List 1 - United Socialist Jewish Labour Party (S.S. and E.S.) 4,880 0.53
List 3 - Union of Landowners 3,465 0.38
List 13 - Belarusian Socialist Assembly 2,998 0.33
Total: 917,256
Deputies Elected
Balay SR
Drizo SR
Gamzagurdi SR
Nesterov SR
Brutzkus Jewish National Electoral Committee
Alibekov Bolshevik
Freiman Bolshevik
Gromashevsky Bolshevik
Kozhuro Bolshevik
Krivoshein Bolshevik
Lander Bolshevik
Schlegel Bolshevik
Seleznev Bolshevik
Taganov Bolshevik


Mogilev

[edit]

The electoral district covered the Mogilev Governorate.[14]

According to Radkey the vote count in Mogilev is largely incomplete. He claims to have the data for Gomel (with the votes for all 11 lists), Mogilev (with votes for the 7 most voted lists) and Orsha (with votes for the 6 most votes lists) towns as well as 80 precincts in Gomel uezd (but in these precincts, only the vote for SR and Bolshevik lists).[29] The account of Soviet historian L. M. Spirin, shown to the right in the table and which Radkey did not consider reliable, includes a much greater number of votes accounted for the Mogilev electoral district.

Mogilev
Party Vote (Radkey) % (Radkey) Vote (Spirin) % (Spirin)
List 1 - Socialist-Revolutionaries and
Soviet of Peasants Deputies
50,684 37.55 511,998 70.62
List 11 - Bolsheviks 28,446 21.07 93,060 12.83
List 6 - Kadets 14,494 10.74 19,316 2.66
List 9 - Jewish National Electoral Committee 14,101 10.45 42,037 5.80
List 2 - Mensheviks-Bund 10,549 7.81 21,664 2.99
List 4 - Jewish Soc.-Dem. Labour Party (Poalei Zion) 7,900 5.85 2,596 0.36
List 10 - Mogilev Governorate Polish Council 4,635 3.43 15,981 2.20
List 3 - United Jewish Socialist Labour Party (S.S. and E.S.) 1,583 1.17 4,004 0.55
List 8 - White Russian Organizations 1,385 1.03 2,523 0.35
List 5 - Union of Landowners 293 0.22 10,136 1.40
List 7 - Yidishe Folkspartei and
Non-Party Democratic Committee
[31] 1,737 0.24
Unaccounted 924 0.68
Total: 134,994 725,052
Deputies Elected
Buslov SR
Khrisanenkov SR
Kovarsky SR
Maleev SR
Malyshitsky SR
Rappoport SR
Shishaev SR
Tsvetaev SR
Vasilevsky SR
Voronov SR
Zakrevsky SR
Zasorin SR
Kaganovich Bolshevik
Leplevsky Bolshevik
Friedman Jewish National Committee
Mazeh Jewish National Committee


Smolensk

[edit]

The electoral district covered the Smolensk Governorate.[14] 2 volost-level lists were barred from participating in the election.[26] List no. 3, endorsed by Smolensk Provincial Council of SR Party and the Smolensk Provincial Congress of Peasants Deputies, was headed by E.K. Breshko-Breshkovskaia and Andrei Argunov.[32] The Socialist-Revolutionary and Menshevik lists formed an electoral bloc. Likewise Lists 2 and 4 formed an electoral bloc.[2]

The Bolsheviks won some 75% of the vote in the rural Sychevka uezd, obtaining 23,984 out of 32,007 votes cast in the uezd.[33]

Smolensk
Party Vote % Seats
List 7 - Bolsheviks 361,062 54.85 6
List 3 - Socialist-Revolutionaries and
Soviet of Peasants Deputies
250,134 38.00 4
List 1 - Kadets 29,274 4.45
List 6 - Mensheviks 7,901 1.20
List 8 - [Orthodox] Parish Non-Party Group 5,300 0.81
List 4 - Popular Socialists 2,210 0.34
List 5 - Nationalist Bloc 1,708 0.26
List 2 - Group Allied with Socialist Parties 645 0.10
Total: 658,234 10
Deputies Elected
Argunov SR
Egorov SR
Kutuzov SR
Podvitsky SR
Bobiński Bolshevik
Ivanov Bolshevik
Leszczyński Bolshevik
Lunacharsky Bolshevik
Pokrovsky Bolshevik
Remizov Bolshevik


Central Industrial Region

[edit]

Moscow

[edit]

The electoral district covered the Moscow Governorate, except for the city of Moscow.[14] According to Radkey's account, only few votes are missing from the summary (one military voting box in Moscow uezd, the votes from a single volost in Bronnitsy uezd and the votes for smaller parties in Serpukhov uezd).[29]

Moscow Province
Party Vote %
List 5 - Bolsheviks-
Menshevik-Internationalists
351,853 56.43
List 3 - Socialist-Revolutionaries 159,630 25.60
List 1 - Kadets 43,295 6.94
List 4 - Mensheviks 27,108 4.35
List 6 - All-Russian Peasants Union 12,967 2.08
List 10 - Group of Public Figures (rightists) 8,443 1.35
List 9 - Old Believers 7,467 1.20
List 2 - Popular Socialists 6,058 0.97
List 7 - Democratic Non-partisan Group of Members
of District Committees of Sergiev Posad
4,497 0.72
List 8 - Landowners 2,189 0.35
Total: 623,507
Deputies Elected
Dolgorukov Kadet
Bykov SR
Pavlov SR
Baryshnikov Bolshevik
Kokushkin Bolshevik
Nogin Bolshevik
Sapronov Bolshevik
Smirnov Bolshevik


Tver

[edit]

The electoral district covered the Tver Governorate.[14] Radkey lists the Tver result as 'somewhat incomplete'.[34]

Tver
Party Vote % Seats
List 6 - Bolsheviks 362,687 59.27 6
List 3 - Socialist-Revolutionaries and Soviet of Peasants Deputies 186,030 30.40 3
List 1 - Kadets 32,830 5.37
List 5 - Mensheviks 22,552 3.69
List 2 - Union of Landowners 3,677 0.60
List 7 - Popular Socialists 2,338 0.38
List 4 - Unity and Union of Credit and Savings Associations 975 0.16
List 8 - Commercial-Industrial Union 812 0.13
Total: 611,901 9
Deputies Elected
Tikhomirov SR
Tolmachevsky SR
Volsky SR
Arosev Bolshevik
Bulatov Bolsheviks
Medov Bolshevik
Schmidt Bolshevik
Sokolnikov Bolshevik
Vagzhanov Bolshevik


Yaroslavl

[edit]

The electoral district covered the Yaroslavl Governorate.[14]

Yaroslavl
Party Vote % Seats
List 3 - Socialist-Revolutionaries and Governorate Soviet of Peasants Deputies 197,465 43.06 3
List 7 - Bolsheviks 176,035 38.39 2
List 2 - Kadets 53,730 11.72 1
List 4 - Mensheviks 16,809 3.67
List 1 - Popular Socialists 5,637 1.23
List 5 - Union of Landowners 4,497 0.98
List 6 - Bloc of Traders, Industrialists, Artisans and Homeowners 4,421 0.96
List 8 - ? ? ?
Total: 458,594 6
Deputies elected
Konovalov Kadet
Vishniak SR
Kollontai Bolshevik
Rykov Bolshevik
Bolshakov SR
Kilchevsky SR


Kostroma

[edit]

The electoral district covered the Kostroma Governorate.[14]

Kostroma
Party Vote % Seats
List 1 - Socialist-Revolutionaries and
Soviet of Peasants Deputies
249,838 44.97 4
List 4 - Bolsheviks 226,905 40.84 4
List 2 - Kadets 41,448 7.46
List 3 - Mensheviks 19,488 3.51
List 5 - Orthodox Clergy and Laymen 17,901 3.22
Total: 555,580 8
Deputies Elected
Kondratiev SR
Kozlov SR
Lotoshnikov SR
Maltsev SR
Danilov Bolshevik
Larin-Lurie Bolshevik
Malyutin Bolshevik
Rostopchin Bolshevik


Vladimir

[edit]

The electoral district covered the Vladimir Governorate.[14] Vladimir was heavily industrialized, second only to Moscow itself. There were many textile mills in Ivanovo-Voznesensky, Out of 13 uezd, SR won in 2; Viazniki (east of industrial belt), an area with hemp and linen production where SRs scored 42,4%, and further east in Gorokhovets uezd, an area with no factories where SRs scored 57.4%.[25]

Vladimir
Party Vote % Seats
List 6 - Bolsheviks 337,941 55.95 6
List 3 - Socialist-Revolutionaries and Congress of Peasants Deputies 197,311 32.67 3
List 1 - Kadets 38,035 6.30
List 4 - Mensheviks 13,074 2.16
List 2 - Revival of Free Russia (rightists) 9,209 1.52
List 5 - Popular Socialists 6,908 1.14
List 7 - Cooperative 1,482 0.25
Total: 603,960 9
Deputies Elected
Makeev SR
Sokolov SR
Spiridonova SR
Frunze Bolshevik
Kiselyov Bolshevik
Lomov-Oppokov Bolshevik
Lyubimov Bolshevik
Naumov Bolshevik
Zhidelev Bolshevik


Kaluga

[edit]

The electoral district covered the Kaluga Governorate.[14]

Kaluga
Party Vote % Seats
List 7 - Bolsheviks 225,378 57.81 5
List 2 - Socialist-Revolutionaries 127,313 32.65 3
List 3 - Kadets 24,125 6.19
List 5 - Mensheviks 6,996 1.79
List 4 - Old Believers 4,409 1.13
List 6 - Belorussian Socialist Gromada 1,067 0.27
List 1 - Popular Socialists 601 0.15
Total: 389,889 8
Deputies Elected
Borodachov SR
Eliseev SR
Parol SR
Ginzburg Bolshevik
Glebov-Avilov Bolshevik
Logachev Bolshevik
Stukov Bolshevik
Zakharov Bolshevik


Tula

[edit]

The electoral district covered the Tula Governorate.[14] The votes from the city of Tula and 10 out 12 uezds are complete, according to Radkey. The votes from Yefremov uezd and one of the volosts of Odoyev uezd are not covered in Radkey's account.[29]

Tula
Party Vote % Seats
List 5 - Bolsheviks 219,337 45.93 4
List 1 - Socialist-Revolutionaries 216,267 45.28 4
List 2 - Kadets 21,298 4.46
List 4 - Mensheviks 9,605 2.01
List 7 - Commercial-Industrial 6,624 1.39
List 6 - Popular Socialists 1,832 0.38
List 9 - Cooperative 1,294 0.27
List 3 - Peasants of Basavsk volost 770 0.16
List 8 - Menshevik-Internationalists 550 0.12
Total: 477,577 8
Deputies Elected
Arvatov SR
Gurevich SR
Medvedev SR
Nearonov SR
Kaminsky Bolshevik
Kaul Bolshevik
Kolesnikov Bolshevik
Yakovleva Bolshevik


Central Black Earth Region

[edit]

Ryazan

[edit]

The electoral district covered the Ryazan Governorate.[14] Radkey's account is missing the vote from Egoriev uezd, 1 out of 12 uezds in the electoral district.[29]

Ryazan
Party Vote % Seats
List 3 - Socialist-Revolutionaries and Soviet of Peasants Deputies 397,229 57.14 6
List 5 - Bolsheviks 251,815 36.22 4
List 1 - Kadets 27,808 4.00
List 4 - Popular Socialists 5,216 0.75
List 2 - Mensheviks 4,389 0.63
List 7 - Bloc of Landowners and Old Believers 1,041 0.15
List 6 - Group of Non-Party Voters ? ?
Unaccounted 7,732 1.11
Total: 695,230 10
Deputies Elected
Barinov SR
Gendelman SR
Govorov SR
Pavlov SR
Sorokin SR
Sukharev SR
Gorshkov Bolshevik
Osinsky Bolshevik
Sereda Bolshevik
Voronkov Bolshevik


Oryol

[edit]

The electoral district covered the Oryol Governorate.[14]

Oryol
Party Vote % Seats
List 3 - Socialist-Revolutionaries and Soviet of Peasants Deputies 511,049 62.70 8
List 8 - Bolsheviks 241,786 29.66 4
List 2 - Kadets 18,345 2.25
List 5 - Mensheviks 16,301 2.00
List 6 - Union of Landowners 12,911 1.58
List 4 - Commercial-Industrial Union 4,462 0.55
List 7 - Unity, Cooperators and Popular Socialists 1,384 0.17
List 1 - Union of Homeowners 438 0.05
Unaccounted 8,453 1.04
Total: 815,129 12
Deputies Elected
Bukin SR
Goncharov SR
Khodotov SR
Maslov SR
Matveevskaya SR
Vladykin SR
Volnov SR
Volodin SR
Andreev Bolshevik
Fokin Bolshevik
Ivanov Bolshevik
Kuznetsov Bolshevik


Kursk

[edit]

The electoral district covered the Kursk Governorate.[14] Kursk was an agrarian, Black Earth province with no industries. The Bolshevik vote was attributed to soldiers returning home from the front.[35]

Kursk
Party Vote % Seats
List 1 - Socialist-Revolutionaries 868,743 82.08 12
List 4 - Bolsheviks 119,127 11.26 1
List 2 - Kadets 47,199 4.46
List 5 - Union of Landowners 8,656 0.82
List 3 - Popular Socialists 8,594 0.81
List 6 - Mensheviks 6,037 0.57
Total: 1,058,356 13
Deputies Elected
Baryshnikov SR
Belosov SR
Doroshev SR
Kholodov SR
Kutepov SR
Merkulov SR
Neruchev SR
Pakhomov SR
Piyanich SR
Romanenko SR
Rusanov SR
Vlasov SR
Ozemblovsky Bolshevik


Voronezh

[edit]

The electoral district covered the Voronezh Governorate.[14]

Voronezh
Party Vote %
List 3 - Socialist-Revolutionaries 875,300 79.72
List 2 - Bolsheviks 151,517 13.80
List 1 - Kadets 36,488 3.32
List 5 - Left SRs-Ukrainian SRs-
Polish Socialist Party alliance
11,871 1.08
List 4 - Mensheviks 8,658 0.79
List 8 - Union of Landowners 7,231 0.66
List 6 - Popular Socialists 6,116 0.56
List 7 - Mazury Society of Novokhopersky Uezd 796 0.07
Total: 1,097,977
Deputies Elected
Kardashov Bolshevik
Nevsky Bolshevik
Antipin SR
Bliznyuk SR
Burevoy-Soplyakov SR
Gladkikh SR
Khrenovsky SR
Kogan-Bernstein SR
Mamkin SR
Nikitin SR
Oganovsky SR
Perveeva SR
Postnikov SR
Smirnov SR
Zinin SR


Tambov

[edit]

The electoral district covered the Tambov Governorate.[14] 73% electoral participation was reported, as the SRs had a good mobilization capacity among the peasantry.[36] In the Spassko-Kashminskaia canton, Morshansk uezd the SR local government banned the Bolshevik election campaign, alleging that the Bolsheviks were German spies.[37]

Tambov
Party Vote %
List 1 - Socialist-Revolutionaries and Governorate Soviet of Peasants Deputies 835,556 71.22
List 7 - Bolsheviks 240,652 20.51
List 5 - Kadets 47,548 4.05
List 3 - Mensheviks 22,425 1.91
List 2 - Union of Landowners 12,493 1.06
List 4 - Popular Socialists and Congress of Cooperative Organizations 7,408 0.63
List 8 - Party of the Muslim Socialist-Democratic Bloc 6,222 0.53
List 6 - Uezd Peasants List 887 0.08
Total: 1,173,191


Deputies Elected
Batmanov SR
Bobynin SR
Chernov SR
Chernyshov SR
Ilyin SR
Kiselev SR
Kondratenkov SR
Merkulov SR
Nabatov SR
Nemtinov SR
Odintsov SR
Ryabov SR
Sletova-Chernova SR
Volsky SR
Moiseev Bolshevik
Olminsky Bolshevik
Schlichter Bolshevik


Penza

[edit]

The electoral district covered the Penza Governorate.[14] In Penza town there were 49,741 eligible voters, out of whom 17,583 voted (35%).[15]

Penza
Party Vote %
List 4 - Socialist-Revolutionaries 517,226 81.29
List 5 - Bolsheviks-
Menshevik-Internationalists
54,731 8.60
List 3 - National Bloc (Ukrainians, Muslims, Poles and Lithuanians) 29,821 4.69
List 1 - Kadets 25,407 3.99
List 2 - Mensheviks-Bund 4,726 0.74
List 6 - Popular Socialists 4,336 0.68
Total: 636,247
Deputies Elected
Avksentiev SR
Boldov SR
Fedorovich SR
Gots SR
Konogov SR
Kostin SR
Leutnov SR
Prokhorov SR
Tsyngovatov SR


Volga

[edit]

Nizhny Novgorod

[edit]

The electoral district covered the Nizhny Novgorod Governorate.[14] Only in the Nizhny Novgorod constituency could the combined forces of clergy and far right make an electoral impact.[38] The Christian Union for Faith and Fatherland had a relative success.[39]

Nizhny Novgorod
Party Vote % Seats
List 3 - Socialist-Revolutionaries and the
Soviet of Peasants Deputies
314,004 54.15 6
List 7 - Bolsheviks 133,950 23.10 2
List 11 - Christian Union for Faith and Fatherland 48,428 8.35 1
List 12 - Kadets 34,726 5.99
List 8 - All Muslim Socialist Bloc 19,935 3.44
List 5 - Union of Old Believer Accord 16,230 2.80
List 2 - Mensheviks 7,634 1.32
List 10 - Popular Socialists 2,666 0.46
List 6 - Ukrainian Group 126 0.02
Unaccounted 2,198 0.38
Total: 579,897 9
Deputies Elected
Sergius Christian Unity
Fokeev SR
Kutuzov SR
Lukyanov SR
Rakov SR
Sumgin SR
Tyurikov SR
Danilov Bolshevik
Romanov Bolshevik


Simbirsk

[edit]

The electoral district covered the Simbirsk Governorate.[14] Electoral participation was reported at around 58%.[15]

Simbirsk
Party Vote %
List 2 - Socialist-Revolutionaries and Congress of Peasants 363,847 57.68
List 10 - Bolsheviks 93,000 14.74
List 8 - Muslim Shuro Islamia 57,000 9.04
List 4 -SR Defencists 29,446 4.67
List 5 - Kadets 16,718 2.65
List 6 - Mensheviks 3,681 0.58
List 12 - All Chuvash National Congress and Chuvash Organizations 55 0.01
List 9 - Popular Socialists ?
List 3 - Cooperative ?
List 13 - Union of Farmers and Landowners ?
List 11 - Orthodox Parishes ?
List 7 - Union of Traders, Industrialists, Artisans and Homeowners ?
List 1 - Workers Committee of Protopov Factory ?
Unaccounted 67,043 10.63
Total: 630,790
Deputies Elected
Sverdlov Bolshevik
Almazov SR
Gavronsky SR
Moshkin SR
Petrov SR
Pochekuev SR
Titov SR
Vorobiev SR
Tsalikov Muslim Shuro


Kazan

[edit]

The electoral district covered the Kazan Governorate.[14] 66% turnout was reported.[15] The Chuvash largely voted for the SRs, and the local SR party branch was dominated by leftist elements.[40] The Tatars voters were split between leftist and rightist lists.[41]

Kazan
Party Vote %
List 11 - The Kazan Governorate Organization of the Socialist-Revolutionaries
and the Soviet of Peasants Deputies
264,158 30.77
List 1 - The All Chuvash National Congress, the Chuvash Military Committees
and the Chuvash Organization of the Socialist Revolutionary Party
226,496 26.38
List 10 - Muslim Socialist Committee 153,151 17.84
List 4 - Kazan Governorate Muslim Assembly 99,080 11.54
List 7 - Bolsheviks 51,936 6.05
List 2 - Kadets 31,728 3.70
List 6 - Orthodox Clergy and Laymen of the Kazan Governorate 12,322 1.44
List 9 - Right-wing Socialist-Revolutionaries 9,820 1.14
List 5 - Mensheviks 4,906 0.57
List 3 - Cooperatives and Independent Socialists 2,993 0.35
List 8 - Agricultural-Artisan-Commercial-Industrial group 2,001 0.23
Total: 858,591
Deputies Elected
Alyunov Chuvash
Nikolaev Chuvash
Vasiliev Chuvash
Alkin Muslim Socialist
Waxitov Muslim Socialist
Kolegaev SR
Martyushin SR
Mayorov SR
Mokhov SR
Sukhanov SR
Khalfin Muslim Assembly
Salekhov Muslim Assembly


Samara

[edit]

The electoral district covered the Samara Governorate.[14] Electoral turnout was at 54.86%.[15] Out of 95 different lists submitted, 79 were turned down (out of which approximately 42 lists were denied due to late submission).[26]

Samara
Party Vote % Seats
List 3 - Soviet of Peasants Deputies and Socialist-Revolutionaries 702,924 58.47 12
List 2 - Bolsheviks 179,533 14.93 3
List 13 - Muslim Shuro-Islamia 126,558 10.53 2
List 16 - Union of Russian Citizens of
German Nationality in the Central Volga Region
47,705 3.97
List 6 - Kadets 44,466 3.70
List 1 - Union of Socialists of
the Volga German Region
42,148 3.51
List 15 - Orthodox Followers 13,133 1.09
List 4 - Bashkir Federalists 12,397 1.03
List 8 - Chuvash National Congress of Socialist-Revolutionaries 9,036 0.75
List 7 - Old Believer Joint Committee 6,508 0.54
List 10 - Ukrainians 4,378 0.36
List 5 - Popular Socialists 4,364 0.36
List 6 - Mensheviks 4,166 0.35
List 12 - Non-Party Peasants-Farmers 3,030 0.25
List 11 - Unity 937 0.08
List 14 - Menshevik-Internationalists 936 0.08
Total: 1,202,219 17


Deputies Elected
Mukhamediyarov Muslim Shuro
Tuktarov Muslim Shuro
Ermoshchenko Bolshevik
Kuybyshev Bolshevik
Maslennikov Bolshevik
Arkangelsky SR
Bashkirov SR
Belozerov SR
Brushvit SR
Chupakhin SR
Dedusenko SR
Elyashevich SR
Fortunatov SR
Klimushkin SR
Lazarev SR
Maslov SR
Bogoslovov SR


Saratov

[edit]

The electoral district covered the Saratov Governorate.[14] Saratov had been one of the early strongholds of the SRs.[42] Kerensky was one of the SR candidates, but many voters scratched his name from the list (and thus made their votes invalid).[43] It was politically turbulent, also during the election.[43] In Saratov Bolshevik campaigners were frequently attacked by rich farmers.[37] Whilst the SR won in the largely agrarian district, the Bolsheviks had a strong showing, with strong support from soldiers and from the industrial city of Tsaritsyn.[44]

Saratov
Party Vote % Seats
List 12 - Socialist-Revolutionaries and the Soviet of Peasants Deputies 612,094 56.28 11
List 10 - Bolsheviks 261,308 24.03 4
List 3 - Union of Ukrainian Peasants, Ukrainian Refugees
and the Organization of Tatar Socialist Revolutionaries
53,445 4.91
List 7 - Volga Germans 50,025 4.60
List 1 - Kadets 27,226 2.50
List 5 - Orthodox People's Party 17,414 1.60
List 2 - Mensheviks 15,152 1.39
List 4 - Russian People's Party of Christians-Old Believers 13,956 1.28
List 6 - Union of Landowners 13,804 1.27
List 8 - Popular Socialists 10,243 0.94
List 9 - Society for Faith and Order 6,600 0.61
List 11 - Peasants of Petrovsk uezd and Mordva Population 6,379 0.59
Total: 1,087,646 15
Deputies Elected
Antonov Bolshevik
Milutin Bolshevik
Minin Bolshevik
Vasiliev Bolshevik
Bykhovsky SR
Chernavin SR
Chernenkov SR
Kerensky SR
Kotov SR
Minin SR
Panchurin SR
Rakitnikov SR
Ulyanov SR
Ustinov SR
Zatonsky SR


Astrakhan

[edit]

The electoral district covered parts of the Astrakhan Governorate, excluding the areas of the Bukey Horde and the Kalmyk Steppe.[14] Radkey's account is incomplete, with some votes missing.[1]

Astrakhan
Party Vote %
List 6 - Socialist-Revolutionaries 100,482 51.77
List 4 - Bolsheviks 36,023 18.56
List 2 - Muslim Group 25,023 12.89
List 3 - Cossack Group 16,400 8.45
List 1 - Kadets 13,017 6.71
List 5 - Mensheviks 2,256 1.16
List 7 - Popular Socialist Group of Tsarevsky Uezd 906 0.47
Total: 194,107


Deputies Elected
Usmanov Muslim
Tereshchenko SR
Trusov Bolshevik
Figner SR
Nezhintsev SR


Kama-Ural

[edit]

Vyatka

[edit]

The electoral district covered the Vyatka Governorate.[14] Radkey's account only includes full result for 3 lists (Bolsheviks, Mensheviks, Orthodox), albeit the number of votes for the Orthodox list has been rounded off. The real vote of the other nine lists, according to Radkey, would have been more than double that what is accounted for.[29]

Vyatka
Party Vote %
List 3 – Vyatka Governorate Congress of Peasants Deputies and
the Party of Socialist-Revolutionaries
300,503 46.91
List 11 – Bolsheviks 222,272 34.70
List 4 – Muslim Union of Vyatka Governorate 37,781 5.90
List 5 – Popular Socialists and
Cheremi National Union
25,311 3.95
List 9 – Kadets 22,404 3.50
List 6 – Mensheviks 18,964 2.96
List 10 – Orthodox Parish Democratic Union 9,000 1.40
List 2 – Vyatka Governorate Commercial and Industrial Union 3,424 0.53
List 12 – Glazovski Uezd Congress of Workers, Soldiers and Peasants Soviets (Left Socialist-Revolutionaries) 942 0.15
List 1 – Kotelnichesky Uezd Soviet of Peasant Deputies ?
List 7 – Petropavlovsk Division of the Russian Peasant Union ?
List 8 – Group of Citizens of Yaraisky and Pachinsky Volosts ?
Total: 640,601
Deputies Elected
Pastukhov Bolshevik
Popov Bolshevik
Shvetsov Bolshevik
Sponde Bolshevik
Biryukov SR
Buzanov SR
Efremov SR
Evseev SR
Golovizin SR
Kropotov SR
Kuznetsov SR
Salamatov SR
Shulakov SR
Zbarsky SR
Tchaikovsky Popular Socialists-Cheremi National Union alliance
Vikhlyaev SR


Perm

[edit]

The electoral district covered the Perm Governorate.[14]

Perm
Party Vote %
List 2 - Socialist-Revolutionaries 665,118 52.05
List 6 - Bolsheviks 268,292 20.99
List 5 - Kadets 111,241 8.71
List 10 - [Orthodox] Clerical People's Party 47,881 3.75
List 9 - Muslims-Bashkirs 47,578 3.72
List 4 - Old Believers 35,853 2.81
List 3 - Muslims 29,683 2.32
List 11 - Bloc of Rightist SRs and Unity 29,112 2.28
List 7 - Mensheviks 28,002 2.19
List 1 - Krasnoufimsky Non-Partisan Credit Union 13,748 1.08
List 8 - Radical Democrats 1,381 0.11
Total: 1,277,889
Deputies Elected
Alekseev SR
Bondarev SR
Gerstein SR
Kabakov SR
Kuznetsov SR
Sigov SR
Tarabukin SR
Varushkin SR
Zateeyshchikov SR
Zdobnov SR
Zisman SR
Krol Kadet
Sumarokov Kadet
Andronnikov Bolshevik
Beloborodov Bolshevik
Krestinsky Bolshevik
Sosnovsky Bolshevik
Tukhvatullin Bashkir-Tatar group


Ufa

[edit]

The electoral district covered the Ufa Governorate.[14]

Ufa
Party Vote % Seats
List 9 - Socialist-Revolutionaries 322,166 33.68 5
List 3 - Muslims (Social-Revolutionaries) 304,864 31.88 5
List 11 - Bashkir Federalists 135,977 14.22 2
List 1 - Muslim National Council 88,850 9.29 1
List 10 - Bolsheviks 48,151 5.03
List 12 - Kadets 15,825 1.65
List 6 - Orthodox Parishes 11,178 1.17
List 8 - Popular Socialists 11,429 1.19
List 2 - Landowners 7,358 0.77
List 4 - Cooperative 4,941 0.52
List 7 - Unity 3,078 0.32
List 5 - Mensheviks 2,614 0.27
Total: 956,431 13
Deputies Elected
Teregulov Muslim National Council
Kuvatov Bashkir Federalist
Validov Bashkir Federalist
Akhmerov Council of Peasants' Deputies
Ibragimov Council of Peasants' Deputies
Ilyasov Council of Peasants' Deputies
Mukhametdinov Council of Peasants' Deputies
Syuncheley Council of Peasants' Deputies
Brillantov SR
Filatov SR
Osintsev SR
Steinberg SR
Trutovsky SR


Orenburg

[edit]

The electoral district covered the Orenburg Governorate.[14] According to Radkey, his account of the Bashkir Federalist vote is underestimated, believing that the real figure would land at around 100,000.[39]

Orenburg
Party Vote %
List 8 - Bolsheviks 163,425 24.14
List 2 - Orenburg Cossack Host 144,039 21.28
List 3 - Socialist-Revolutionaries 110,172 16.28
List 9 - Bashkir Federalists 51,787 7.65
List 1 - Kadets 24,757 3.66
List 5 - Muslim Association 16,652 2.46
List 4 - Mensheviks 7,544 1.11
List 6 - Cooperative 7,296 1.08
List 7 - Popular Socialists 5,681 0.84
Unaccounted 145,512 21.50
Total: 676,865
Deputies Elected
Dutov Cossack
Krivoschekov Cossack
Matushkin Cossack
Myakutin Cossack
Bogdanov Cossack
Polyakov SR
Sorokin SR
Chutskaya Bolshevik
Korostelev Bolshevik
Zwilling Bolshevik
Bikbov Bashkir Federalist
Fakhretdinov Bashkir Federalist
Manatov Bashkir Federalist


Ukraine

[edit]

Kiev

[edit]

The electoral district covered the Kiev Governorate.[14] Kiev was a historical Black Hundred stronghold, and monarchists got some 3% of the votes in the district.[45]

Kiev
Party Vote %
List 1 - Ukrainian Socialist Bloc 1,161,033 77.26
List 2 - Jewish National Bloc 90,829 6.04
List 12 - Bolsheviks 60,693 4.04
List 8 - Russian Rightists 48,758 3.24
List 11 - Polish 42,943 2.86
List 6 - Kadets 21,667 1.44
List 9 - Bund 20,144 1.34
List 14 - Socialist-Revolutionaries 19,220 1.28
List 3 - Jewish Socialists 14,115 0.94
List 5 - Mensheviks 11,613 0.77
List 4 - Poalei Zion 4,086 0.27
List 13 - Ukrainian Socialists-Federalists
and Popular Socialists
3,072 0.20
List 16 - Commercial-Industrial 2,508 0.17
List 17 - Unity 928 0.06
List 10 - Villagers' Group 655 0.04
List 7 - Military Revolutionary Union 258 0.02
List 15 - Zaustsinsky 203 0.01
Total: 1,502,725


Deputies Elected
Chechel Ukrainian Bloc
Darchuk Ukrainian Bloc
Donchenko Ukrainian Bloc
Dragomiretsky Ukrainian Bloc
Hrushevsky Ukrainian Bloc
Ilchenko Ukrainian Bloc
Khimerik Ukrainian Bloc
Khomutovsky Ukrainian Bloc
Kotik Ukrainian Bloc
Mandryka Ukrainian Bloc
Porsh Ukrainian Bloc
Prisyazhnyuk Ukrainian Bloc
Pyrkovka Ukrainian Bloc
Rohmanyuk Ukrainian Bloc
Sevryuk Ukrainian Bloc
Shvets Ukrainian Bloc
Stasyuk Ukrainian Bloc
Tkachenko Ukrainian Bloc
Vynnychenko Ukrainian Bloc
Fyalek Bolshevik
Syrkin Jewish National Bloc


Volhynia

[edit]

The electoral district covered the Volhynian Governorate.[14] The western parts of the electoral district were under German or Austrian occupation.[29] Radkey expresses concern that the votes account from Volynia (exclusively brought from the 1918 study by Sviatitski) may have been largely incomplete, possibly an effect of the proximity to the battle lines.[29]

Volhynia
Party Vote % Seats
List 11 - Ukrainian Socialist-Revolutionaries and Council of Peasant Deputies 569,044 70.76 9
List 4 - Polish 57,998 7.21 1
Jewish national lists;
  • List 2 - Jewish National Electoral Committee
  • List 3 - Jewish National Party
  • List 8 - Jewish Community Personalities
55,967 6.96
List 12 - Bolsheviks 35,612 4.43
List 6 - Socialist-Revolutionaries 27,575 3.43
List 5 - Kadets and Non-Party Farmers 22,337 2.78
List 1 - Mensheviks-Bund 16,947 2.11
List 13 - Rightists and coreligionists 1,438 0.18
List 10 - United Jewish Socialist Labour Party (S.S. and E.S.) ?
List 9 - Poalei Zion ?
List 7 - Ukrainian Socialist-Federalists ?
Unaccounted 17,290 2.15
Total: 804,208 10


Podolia

[edit]

The electoral district covered the Podolian Governorate.[14] Podolia was close to the frontline.[46] Radkey cites that the Ukrainian Social Democratic Labour Party organ Robitchna Gazeta reported that elections were held in Podolia between Dec 3–7, and presented results from 9 out of 12 uezds, but Robitchna Gazeta's party tally greater than the vote cast in the 9 uezds, possibly pointing to results included from the remaining 3 uezds.[46]

Podolia
Party Vote %
List 1 - Ukrainian SRs, Selyanska Spilka and Ukrainian Soc.-Dem. Labour Party 652,306 78.57
List 2 - Jewish National Electoral Committee 62,544 7.53
List 8 - Regional Polish List 46,500 5.60
List 15 - Bolsheviks 27,550 3.32
List 10 - Socialist-Revolutionaries,Soviet of Peasants and
Soviet of Soldiers of the South-Western Front
10,170 1.22
List 5 - Bund 7,959 0.96
List 4 - Kadets 7,951 0.96
List 14 - Mensheviks 4,028 0.49
List 12 - Ukrainian Toilers List 3,810 0.46
List 3 - United Jewish Socialist Labour Party (S.S. and E.S.) 3,415 0.41
List 7 - Poalei Zion 2,164 0.26
List 9 - Popular Socialists 852 0.10
List 16 - United Polish 412 0.05
List 6 - Jewish List 322 0.04
List 13 - Ushitsky Uezd List 284 0.03
List 11 - Zionists -
Total: 830,267
Deputies Elected
Antonovych Ukrainian Bloc
Blonski Ukrainian Bloc
Dudich Ukrainian Bloc
Dyachuk Ukrainian Bloc
Gerasimenko Ukrainian Bloc
Golovchuk Ukrainian Bloc
Grigoriev Ukrainian Bloc
Isaevich Ukrainian Bloc
Litvitsky Ukrainian Bloc
Liubynsky Ukrainian Bloc
Machushenko Ukrainian Bloc
Nikolaychuk Ukrainian Bloc
Shevchenko Ukrainian Bloc
Shimanovich Ukrainian Bloc
Tkach Ukrainian Bloc
Verkhola Ukrainian Bloc
Widybida-Rudenko Ukrainian Bloc
Bartoszewicz Polish List


Chernigov

[edit]

The electoral district covered the Chernigov Governorate.[14] Chernigov was an agrarian province. The Bolshevik Party was absent in most uezds and weak in others. But returning soldiers, about a quarter of the electorate, boosted the Bolshevik vote.[47]

Spirin is the source for the results tally from Chernigov. There is a difference of just 16 votes in the total tallies of Spirin and Radkey, but Spirin is more precise on the identities of the candidate lists in the fray.

Chernigov
Party Vote % Seats
List 10 - Ukrainian Socialist-Revolutionaries 484,156 49.73 9
List 9 - Bolsheviks 271,174 27.85 4
List 1 - Socialist-Revolutionaries 105,565 10.84 1
List 7 - Kadets 28,864 2.96
List 4 - Jewish National Committee 28,308 2.91
List 15 - Non-Partisan Public Figures 12,050 1.24
List 14 - Landowners 11,857 1.22
List 2 - Mensheviks 10,813 1.11
List 3 - Bloc of Ukrainian Socialist-Federalists and Popular Socialists 10,089 1.04
List 5 - Old Believers 4,858 0.50
List 11 - Poalei Zion 2,808 0.29
List 8 - Toiling Peasants 1,020 0.10
List 13 - Employees of Government Agencies 1,005 0.10
List 6 - Peasants of Mglin Uezd 538 0.06
List 12 - Commercial-Industrial 525 0.05
Total: 973,630 14
Deputies Elected
Breshko-Breshkovskaya SR
Kostenetsky Ukrainian SR
Kovalevsky Ukrainian SR
Kovbasa Ukrainian SR
Kuzmenko Ukrainian SR
Lashkevich Ukrainian SR
Odinets Ukrainian SR
Sayenko Ukrainian SR
Shapoval Ukrainian SR
Shrag Ukrainian SR
Bosch Bolshevik
Motorra Bolshevik
Pyatakov Bolshevik
Ryndich Bolshevik


Poltava

[edit]

The electoral district covered the Poltava Governorate.[14] Poltava was an agrarian province.[48] Voter turnout was reported at 74%.[15]

The Russian SRs (dominated by the left) ran a joint list with the Ukrainian SRs (also dominated by its leftist faction).[49] The Selianska Spilka ('Village Union'), the agrarian wing of the Ukrainian SRs, confronted the Farmers (Landowners) Party, excluding Landowners from local election commissions. The campaign against the Landowners Party occasionally took a violent shape.[48]

The lists of the Folkspartey and the Jewish National Electoral Committee formed an electoral bloc, likewise the Poalei Zion and the United Socialist Jewish Workers Party lists formed an electoral bloc. Three minor Ukrainian lists formed an electoral bloc: the Ukrainian Social Democrats and the Ukrainian Socialist-Federalists and the Ukrainian National Republican Group.[2]

Poltava
Party Vote %
List 8 - Ukrainian Socialist-Revolutionaries and Selianska Spilka 727,247 63.28
List 17 - Socialist-Revolutionaries and Ukrainian Socialist-Revolutionaries 198,437 17.27
List 12 - Bolsheviks 64,460 5.61
List 2 - Farmer-Owners 61,115 5.32
List 15 - Ukrainian Social Democrats 22,613 1.97
List 3 - Kadets 18,105 1.58
List 6 - Jewish National Electoral Committee 13,722 1.19
List 9 - Jewish List 12,100 1.05
List 13 - Ukrainian Socialist-Federalists 9,092 0.79
List 1 - Folkspartey 6,448 0.56
List 10 - Mensheviks, Bund, Polish Unity 5,993 0.52
List 14 - Popular Socialists and Cooperativists 4,391 0.38
List 5 - List without title 1,657 0.14
List 7 - United Jewish Socialist Labour Party (S.S. and E.S.) 1,482 0.13
List 11 - Ukrainian National Republican Group 1,070 0.09
List 4 - Poalei Zion 879 0.08
List 16 - Soviet of Peasants Deputies of Smenoi Rovno Village 445 0.04
Total: 1,149,256
Deputies Elected
Kovalyov Ukrainian SR-SR alliance
Poloz Ukrainian SR-SR alliance
Terletsky Ukrainian SR-SR alliance
Galagan Ukrainian SR
Ivchenko Ukrainian SR
Kovalenko Ukrainian SR
Kovalevsky Ukrainian SR
Kulichenko Ukrainian SR
Petrenko Ukrainian SR
Polotsky Ukrainian SR
Semenyaga Ukrainian SR
Sten'ka Ukrainian SR
Stepanenko Ukrainian SR
Yanko Ukrainian SR


Kharkov

[edit]

The electoral district covered the Kharkov Governorate.[14] The SR list in Kharkov was dominated by the left-wing, contesting jointly with the Ukrainian SRs. The rightwing pro-war SR faction had its own list, headed by E.K. Breshko-Breshkovskaia.[50] Whilst trailing far behind the SRs across the country-side, the Bolsheviks won the election in Kharkov city.[50]

Spirin is the source for the result from Kharkov. There is a difference of just 873 votes between Radkey and Spirin in the total tally for Kharkov electoral district, but Spirin is more precise on the identities of the lists in the fray.

Kharkov
Party Vote %
List 5 -Socialist-Revolutionaries and Ukrainian SRs 795,558 72.82
List 3 - Bolsheviks 114,743 10.50
List 6 - Kadets 58,302 5.34
List 15 - SR Defencists 42,331 3.87
List 2 - Landowners 13,847 1.27
List 4 - Menshevik-Internationalists 12,192 1.12
List 11 - Popular Socialists 11,852 1.08
List 1 - [Orthodox] Parishes 10,478 0.96
List 12 - Commercial-Industrial 6,543 0.60
List 10 - Jewish National Bloc 6,366 0.58
List 9 - Menshevik Defencists 6,024 0.55
List 16 - Germans 5,221 0.48
List 7 - E. Abramov 3,776 0.35
List 14 - Unity 2,293 0.21
List 13 - Serp 917 0.08
List 8 - Poalei Zion 875 0.08
List 19 - Cooperators and Unity 590 0.05
List 18 - Peasants of Zmiyevsky Uezd 311 0.03
List 17 - Peasants of Sumy Uezd 229 0.02
Total: 1,092,448
Deputies Elected
Muranov Bolshevik
Sergeyev Bolshevik
Alekseev SR
Dyakonov SR
Kachinsky-Oreshin SR
Karelin SR
Kravchenko SR
Mikhailichenko SR
Ovcharenko SR
Popov SR
Severov-Odoyevsky SR
Shkorbatov SR
Streltsov SR
Svyatitsky SR


Yekaterinoslav

[edit]

The electoral district covered the Yekaterinoslav Governorate.[14] Yekaterinoslav was a large province; ethnically and economically diverse.[51] The Yekaterinoslav electoral district recorded the highest vote for a landowners list in the country. List 1 Landowners and Nonpartisan Progressives gathered 26,597 votes (2.2%), and was headed by Mikhail Rodzianko (an Octobrist leader, having served as the presiding officer in the 3rd and 4th Dumas, elected on the Stolypin franchise).[52]

Ekaterinoslav
Party Vote % Seats
List 5 - Bloc of Ukrainian Socialist-Revolutionaries, Selyanska Spilka,
Soviet of Peasant Deputies, Ukrainian Soc.-Dem. Labour Party
556,012 46.60 10
List 3 - Socialist-Revolutionaries 231,717 19.42 4
List 9 - Bolsheviks, Bakhmut Soviet of Peasants Deputies 213,163 17.87 4
List 10 - Jewish National Electoral Committee 37,032 3.10
List 7 - Kadets 27,551 2.31
List 12 - Mensheviks 26,909 2.26
List 1 - Landowners and Nonpartisan Progressives 26,597 2.23
List 14 - Russian Citizens of German Nationality 25,977 2.18
List 4 - Popular Socialists-Cooperative alliance 9,496 0.80
List 13 - Greek Settlement of Mariupol uezd 9,143 0.77
List 6 - Orthodox-Farmers alliance 8,068 0.68
List 15 - Unity 7,363 0.62
List 2 - United Jewish Socialist Labour Party (S.S. and E.S.) 5,831 0.49
List 11 - Bund 4,883 0.41
List 8 - Poalei Zion 3,307 0.28
Total: 1,193,049 18
Deputies Elected
Gvozdikovsky SR
Popov SR
Rosenblum SR
Socheva SR
Bachinsky Ukrainian SR
Karpenko Ukrainian SR
Korzh Ukrainian SR
Mitsyuk Ukrainian SR
Radomsky Ukrainian SR
Romanenko Ukrainian SR
Rosin Ukrainian SR
Storubel Ukrainian SR
Stromenko Ukrainian SR
Surgae Ukrainian SR
Averin Bolshevik
Lutovinov Bolshevik
Petrovsky Bolshevik
Voroshilov Bolshevik


Kherson

[edit]

The electoral district covered the Kherson Governorate.[14] According to Radkey, the Odessa city results appeared complete, the Odessa uezd possibly incomplete, the Kherson uezd having results from 195 out of 223 voting centers, no indication about whether 2 other uezds' results were complete or not. From the remaining 2 uezds the results were missing altogether.[29]

Kherson
Party Vote %
List 4 - Ukrainian SRs, SRs and the United Jewish Socialist Labour Party (S.S. and E.S.) 266,771 42.98
List 10 - Jewish Bloc 86,190 13.89
List 9 - Bolsheviks 81,826 13.18
List 8 - Ukrainian Soc.-Dem. Labour Party 63,159 10.18
List 5 - Kadets 53,770 8.66
List 3 - Russian Citizens of German Nationality 27,879 4.49
List 7 - Mensheviks-Bund 14,369 2.31
List 1 - [Orthodox] Clergy and Laymen 13,038 2.10
List 11 - Popular Socialists 5,626 0.91
List 2 - Russian Popular State Union (Rightists) 4,217 0.68
List 12 - Old Believers 2,188 0.35
List 6 - Poalei Zion 1,687 0.27
Total: 620,720
Deputies Elected
Gruzenberg Jewish National Bloc
Tyomkin Jewish National Bloc
Meiendorf German
Asmolov SR
Bontzarevich SR
Eremenchuk SR
Feofilaktov SR
Gavrilyuk SR
Glevenko SR
Holubovych SR
Gordievsky SR
Lvovich SR
Richter SR
Trichevsky SR
Troichuk SR
Vekhtev SR
Yuritsin SR
Velikhov Kadet
Chekhivsky Ukrainian SD
Sklyar Bolshevik


South

[edit]

Bessarabia

[edit]

Radkey's account is substantially incomplete.[53] According to Radkey, only the results from Kishinev and 3 out of 8 uezds could be gathered by scholars.[54] The 5 uezds left out of the count were more populous.[29] Two other sets have been published: one by Moldovan historian Gheorghe Cojocaru, providing a detailed account of the civilian votes, covering almost two thirds of the ones cast in Bessarabia, and a reportedly complete set provided by Soviet author G. Ustinov.[55] 17 lists were in the fray in Bessarabia. The demographics of the district were divided between Romanians (48%), Ukrainians (20%) and Russians (8%). Among the elected deputies, SR deputies were Jewish or Russian, whilst the peasant soviet deputies were Romanian.[54]

As per Serge, some 600,000 people took part in the vote, with the Peasant soviet obtaining some 200,000 votes, SRs 200,000 votes, Jewish national list 60,000, Kadets 40,000 and the Moldavian National Party 14,000.[56]

Bessarabia
Party Vote (Radkey) % (Radkey) % (Rus)
List 2 - Socialist-Revolutionaries 85,349 33.63 31.6
List 1 - Soviet of Peasants' Deputies 69,085 27.22 35.3
List 9 - Jewish National Electoral Committee 28,785 11.34 10.2
List 8 - Bolsheviks-
Menshevik-Internationalists
25,569 10.07 8.2
List 5 - Kadets 16,545 6.52 n/a
List 6 - Moldovan National Party and
the Bessarabian Union of Credit and Savings Associations
6,643 2.62 2.1
List 3 - Union of Landowners 5,246 2.07 n/a
List 11- Ukrainian Socialist Organizations 4,241 1.67 4.1
List 4 - Bund-Mensheviks 1,438 0.57 n/a
List 10 - Bessarabian Popular Socialist Labour Party 376 0.15 n/a
List 7 - Socialist Party of the Workers of the South-East Railway ? n/a
List 12 - Union of Citizens of German Nationality ? n/a
List 13 - Cooperative Group ? n/a
List 14 - 3rd section of the Telitsky volost of Bendery uezd ? n/a
List 15 - Inhabitants of Telitsky volost ? n/a
List 16 - 4th section of the Telitsky volost ? n/a
List 17 - Poalei Zion ? n/a
Unaccounted 10,536 4.15 n/a
Total: 253,813 n/a
Deputies Elected
Cojocari Peasants Soviets
Erhan Peasants Soviets
Inculet Peasants Soviets
Katoros Peasants Soviets
Rudev Peasants Soviets
Aleksandrov SR
Imas SR
Slonim SR
Sukhovikh SR
Sukhovikh SR
Avilov Bolsheviks/Menshevik-Internationalists
Urusov Kadet

Taurida

[edit]

The electoral district covered the Taurida Governorate.[14] Taurida had a 54.74% voter turnout.[15] Radkey's account is missing Berdiansk uezd with some 3,400 electors and Vodiansk volost of Melitopol uezd.[29] All in all there were 753 precincts in the Taurida electoral district.[29]

Taurida
Party Vote %
List 5 - Socialist-Revolutionaries 300,100 52.22
List 9 - Muslims 68,581 11.93
List 3 - Ukrainian Socialist-Revolutionaries 61,541 10.71
List 1 - Kadets 38,794 6.75
List 3 - Bolsheviks 31,612 5.50
List 10 - Germans 27,681 4.82
List 6 - Mensheviks 15,176 2.64
List 11 - Jewish Nationalists 13,986 2.43
List 12 - Landowner 7,715 1.34
List 2 - Popular Socialists 4,643 0.81
List 7 - Unity 2,273 0.40
List 8 - Poalei Zion 1,745 0.30
Molokan 885 0.15
Total: 574,732
Deputies Elected
Bogdanov Kadet
Saltan Ukrainian SR
Alyasov SR
Bakuta SR
Bondar SR
Nikonov SR
Popov SR
Tolstov SR
Zak SR
Seidamet Provisional Crimean
Muslim Executive Committee


South-East

[edit]

Don Cossack Region

[edit]

The electoral district covered the Don Host Oblast.[14]

Don Cossack Region
Party Vote % Seats
List 4 - Cossack 636,966 45.28 9
List 2 - Socialist-Revolutionaries 478,901 34.05 7
List 5 - Bolsheviks 205,497 14.61 3
List 6 - Kadets 43,345 3.08
List 8 - Mensheviks 17,504 1.24
List 3 - Old Believer 8,183 0.58
List 1 - Bloc of Socialists
(right-wing socialists, incl. Unity)
5,718 0.41
List 9 - Landowners 5,457 0.39
List 7 - Popular Socialists-Cooperative alliance 5,049 0.36
Total: 1,406,620 19
Deputies Elected
Babin SR
Kolesnikov SR
Kurilov SR
Mamonov SR
Nikolaev SR
Nikolsky SR
Shvetsov SR
Ageyev Cossack
Arakantsev Cossack
Bogaevsky Cossack
Kaledin Cossack
Kharlamov Cossack
Melnikov Cossack
Popov Cossack
Ulanov Cossack
Voronkov Cossack
Lozovsky Bolshevik
Syrtsov Bolshevik
Vasilchenko Bolshevik


Stavropol

[edit]

The electoral district covered the Stavropol Governorate, as well as the Karanogai precinct (which was part of the Terek Oblast).[14] In Stavropol town the Bolsheviks won 47.6% of the vote.[2] Likewise, in Pyatigorsk the Bolsheviks won some 8,000 votes, half of the votes from the town.[57]

Stavropol
Party Vote % Seats
List 1 - Socialist-Revolutionaries and Soviet of Peasants Deputies 291,395 88.69 6
List 2 - Bolsheviks 17,430 5.31
List 5 - Kadets 10,938 3.33
List 3 - Farmers 3,205 0.98
List 4 - [Orthodox] Clergy and Worshippers 3,078 0.94
List 7 - Mensheviks 1,836 0.56
List 6 - Popular Socialists-
and Cooperativists
670 0.20
Total: 328,552 6
Deputies Elected
Bocharnikov SR
Dementiev SR
Emelyanov SR
Garnitsky SR
Gutorov SR
Onipko SR


Kuban-Black Sea

[edit]

The electoral district covered the Kuban Oblast and the Black Sea Governorate.[14] Kuban was fully engulfed by civil war by the time of the vote.[58] 16 seats had been allotted to the Kuban-Black Sea electoral district, but the election was only held in Ekaterinodar and some surrounding villages were the Kuban Territorial Council was in control.[59][58] Spirin gives the following result for Ekaterinodar;

Ekaterinodar
Party Vote %
List 2 - Bolsheviks 8,744 46.0
List 3 - Highlanders and Cossacks 3,544 18.6
List 1 - Kadets 3,206 16.9
List 4 - Socialist-Revolutionaries 2,268 11.9
List 8 - Mensheviks 786 4.1
List 1 - Leftist SRs 357 1.9
Ukrainians
(Lists 5 and 9)
98 0.6

[2]

Caucasus

[edit]

Ter-Dagestan

[edit]

The electoral district covered the Terek Oblast (except the Karanogai precinct and the aimak of the Kalmyks) and the Dagestan Oblast.[14] Voting was delayed in Ter-Dagestan and was held between November 26 and December 5. In some areas the votes were counted but not reported, in other areas votes were left uncounted.[60] In Radkey's account a complete result was only available for Vladikavkaz city. He includes sporadic results of the major parties in some towns and garrisons. Radkey's account contains no results from rural areas.[29]

Bolsheviks obtained 44% of the vote in Vladikavkaz. This situation could be compared to that by March 1917 the Bolshevik Party had been so weak in the city that it had been decided to form a joint Bolshevik-Menshevik Party Committee in the city.[57]

Terek-Dagestan
Party Vote %
List 7 - Bolsheviks 21,495 55.95
List 5 - Kadets 7,725 20.11
List 8 - Socialist-Revolutionaries 4,292 11.17
List 1 - Cossack 3,062 7.97
List 4 - Mensheviks 958 2.49
List 9 - Chechen-Ingush Peoples 332 0.86
List 10 - Ukrainians 209 0.54
List 2 - Popular Socialists 53 0.14
List 3 - Muslim National Committee ?
List 6 - Kabardian and Balkarian people and
the Russian population of the Nalchik district
?
List 11 - Dagestan Socialist Group ?
Unaccounted 291 0.76
Total: 38,417


Pricaspian

[edit]

The Pricaspian electoral district, which included areas of the Kalmyk steppe of the Astrakhan Governorate, was thinly populated.[59][61] One seat was assigned to the constituency.[59] A list was submitted, signed by 137 electors, with the 33-year old lawyer Sandzhi Bayanovich Bayanov as its candidate.[61] Due to late arrival of electoral material, the vote was postponed to November 26–28, 1917.[61] The vote was reportedly held on these dates, in some places with very low turnout. Bayanov received a majority of votes.[61]


Deputies Elected
Bayanov ?


Transcaucasus

[edit]

The electoral district covered the Baku Governorate, the Elizavetpol Governorate, the Erivan Governorate, the Kutais Governorate, the Tiflis Governorate, the Batum Oblast, the Kars Oblast, the Sukhum Okrug and the Zakatal Okrug.[14]

The three largest parties in Transcaucasus were the Mensheviks, the Musavat Party and the Armenian Revolutionary Federation (Dashnaksiun).[62] Whilst the Mensheviks were the most voted party, here Menshevism had become intertwined with Georgian nationalism.[63] Soon after the election, the Georgian Mensheviks would become openly nationalistic.[64] Bolsheviks won the election Baku city (followed closely by Musavat and Dashnaksiun), Ittihad won the elections in the rural areas of Baku uezd, in the villages of the Absheron Peninsula. Musavat won most of the Azerbaijani vote in Baku guberniia, followed by Ittehad.[62] In Tiflis the Bolsheviks quadrupled their vote compared to the July 1917 city duma election.[65]

The numbers in the column to the left originate from Hovannisian (1967)[3] and Vestnik Evrazii (2004)[4] The source for Vestnik Evrazii for the results stems from the State Archive of the Russian Federation.[4]

These two references present a more complete account than that of Radkey. Radkey's account lists a total of 1,887,453 votes, including 215,121 unspecified 'residue' votes.[1] Radkey's effort to map the votes in Transcaucasus was frustrated by the insistence of Soviet sources to lump parties like Musavat and Dashnaksiun into a single bloc.[39]

Between Hovannisian and Vestnik Evrazii, the votes for the Mensheviks, Kadets, SRs and Bolsheviks are identical. Vestnik Evrazii presents the vote for the Popular Socialist list, which is not detailed in Hovannasian. Vestnik Evrazii groups the Dashnaks, the Muslim Socialist Bloc and Hummet together (825,672 votes) and 728,206 for Bourgeois parties (presumably including Musavat). In the case of Musavat, Hummet, Ittihad and Dashnaks, the figures from Hovannisian are used. Hovannisian does not present a total of votes, so the total from Vestnik Evrazii is utilized instead.

Comparing the account from Hovannisian with that of Swietochowski (2004)[66] the numbers for the Mensheviks, Musavat, the Muslim Socialist Bloc, SRs, Hummet and Ittihad are identical. The minor discrepancies between Hovannisian and Swietochowski are different vote for Bolshevik list (93,581 in Hovannisian and Vestnik Evrazii, 95,581 in Switeochowski), the Dashnaks got 40 votes more in Swietochowski's account and Swietochowski lists a total of 2,455,274 (plus 2,172 compared to Vestnik Evrazii).[66] Maḣmudov (2004)[67] and Balaev (1998)[68] carries the same numbers as Swietochowski.

The results in the column to the right is from the account of Soviet historian L. M. Spirin.[2] Spirin's total is missing about half a million votes compared to the other accounts.[2]

Transcaucasus
Party Vote %
List 1 - Mensheviks 661,934 26.96
List 10 - Musavat Party 615,816 25.08
List 4 - Armenian Revolutionary Federation 558,440 22.74
List 12 - Muslim Socialist Bloc 159,770 6.51
List 3 - Socialist-Revolutionaries 117,522 4.79
List 5 - Bolsheviks 93,581 3.81
List 11 - Hummet 84,743 3.45
List 14 - Ittihad 66,505 2.71
List 8 - Georgian National Democrats 25,733 1.05
List 2 - Kadets 25,637 1.04
List 6 - Georgian Socialist-Federalists 22,754 0.93
List 7 - Armenian Populist Party 15,180 0.62
List 15 - Zionists 7,018 0.29
List 9 - Popular Socialists 570 0.02
List 13 - Transcaucasian Muslims 71 0.00
Total: 2,455,274

[3][4]

Transcaucasus
per Spirin (1987)
Party Vote %
List 1 - Mensheviks 569,362 28.89
List 10 - Musavat Party 444,150 22.54
List 4 - Armenian Revolutionary Federation 436,333 22.14
List 12 - Muslim Socialist Bloc 140,143 7.11
List 3 - Socialist-Revolutionaries 105,553 5.36
List 5 - Bolsheviks 87,610 4.45
List 14 - Ittihad 66,162 3.36
List 11 - Hummet 34,463 1.75
List 2 - Kadets 24,612 1.25
List 8 - Georgian National Democrats 22,499 1.14
List 6 - Georgian Socialist-Federalists 19,042 0.97
List 7 - Armenian Populist Party 13,099 0.66
List 15 - Zionists 6,983 0.35
List 9 - Popular Socialists 514 0.03
List 13 - Western Transcaucasus Muslims 71 0.00
Total: 1,970,596

[2]

Deputies Elected
Bekzadyan Menshevik
Chkheidze Menshevik
Chkhenkeli Menshevik
Djibladze Menshevik
Gegechkori Menshevik
Georgadze Menshevik
Lomtatidze Menshevik
Ramishvili, I. V. Menshevik
Ramishvili, N. V. Menshevik
Skobelev Menshevik
Smirnov Menshevik
Tsereteli Menshevik
Zhordania Menshevik
Zurabov Menshevik
Aghayev Musavat
Jafarov Musavat
Mamedbekov Musavat
Rasulzadeh Musavat
Sultanov Musavat
Topchubashov Musavat
Yusifbeyli Musavat
Akhundov Hummet
Gaidarov Muslim Socialist Bloc
Kantemirov Muslim Socialist Bloc
Safikurdski Muslim Socialist Bloc
Ganiev Ittihad
Atabekyan SR
Lunkevich SR
Ambartsumyan Dashnak
Gazazyan Dashnak
Hovhannisyan-Varandyan Dashnak
Ohanjanyan Dashnak
Shahatunyan Dashnak
Shahnazaryan-Araratyan Dashnak
Zavriev Dashnak
Ter-Ovanesyan (Kachaznuni) Dashnak
Tigranyan Dashnak
Zoryan-Rostom Dashnak
Shaumian Bolshevik


Siberia

[edit]

Tobolsk

[edit]

The electoral district covered the Tobolsk Governorate.[14] Tobolsk hosted one of only 2 undivided Social Democratic lists in the fray across the country.[69] Soviet sources indicated that the Social Democratic list was Menshevik-dominated.[22]

Soviet sources reported voter turnout at a mere 33.5%.[15]

Tobolsk
Party Vote %
List 5 - Socialist-Revolutionaries (Southern Group) 388,328 78.53
List 3 - Peasants Union-Popular Socialists alliance 50,780 10.27
List 4 - Muslims 25,830 5.22
List 1 - Kadets 13,793 2.79
List 2 - Menshevik-Bolshevik alliance 12,061 2.44
List 6 - Socialist-Revolutionaries (Northern Group), leftists 3,733 0.75
Total: 494,525
Deputies Elected
Sukhanov, A. S. Peasants Union-
Popular Socialists alliance
Barantsev SR
Evdokimov SR
Gul'tyaev SR
Ivanitsky-Vasilenko SR
Kotelnikov SR
Krasnousov SR
Mikhailov SR
Mukhin SR
Sukhanov, P. S. SR


Steppes

[edit]

The electoral district covered the Akmolinsk Oblast and the Semipalatinsk Oblast.[14] According to Wade (2004), it is unclear whether the election was carried through to completion in the electoral district.[58]

Radkey's account only includes votes from Omsk and surroundings;

Steppe
(only Omsk and surroundings)
Party Vote %
List 3 - Bolsheviks 11,681 37.71
List 6 - Kadets 4,925 15.90
List 10 - United Socialists
(Mensheviks-Rightwing Socialist Bloc)
4,712 15.21
List 8 - Socialist-Revolutionaries 4,018 12.97
List 11 - Kirghiz Socialists 1,841 5.94
List 4 - Menshevik-Internationalists 1,660 5.36
List 1 - Cossack 1,069 3.45
List 2 - [Orthodox] Clergy and Laymen 555 1.79
List 5 - Alash 181 0.58
List 7 - Tatars ?
List 9 - Cossacks-Socialists ?
List 12 - Germans ?
List 13 - Muslim-Democrats ?
List 14 - [Orthodox] Clergy and Laymen of Petropavlovsk ?
Unaccounted 332 1.07
Total: 30,974

[29]

This account of the vote in Semipalatinsk uezd comes from the work of Spirin;

Steppe
(only Semipalatinsk uezd)
Party Vote %
List 5 - Alash 58,331 85.63
List 8 - Socialist-Revolutionaries 3,375 4.95
List 1 - Cossack 3,136 4.60
List 3 - Bolsheviks 1,910 2.80
List 9 - Cossacks-Socialists 475 0.70
List 7 - Tatars 468 0.69
List 2 - [Orthodox] Clergy and Laymen 150 0.22
List 4 - Menshevik-Internationalists 115 0.17
List 6 - Kadets 106 0.16
List 10 - United Socialists
(Mensheviks-Rightwing Socialist Bloc)
19 0.03
List 13 - Muslim-Democrats 14 0.02
List 12 - Germans 11 0.02
List 14 - [Orthodox] Clergy and Laymen of Petropavlovsk 5 0.01
List 11 - Kirghiz Socialists 2 0.00
Total: 68,117

[2]

Tomsk

[edit]

The electoral district covered the Tomsk Governorate.[14] The SR list won a landslide victory, drawing the support from the rural areas. In the Novonikolayevsk uyezd the SRs obtained 95.3% of the votes cast, followed by Kainsk uyezd (91%), Kuznetsk uyezd (90.8%), Mariinsk uyezd (88.6%), Tomsk uyezd (73.6%) and Togur uyezd (64.6%).[70] The Bolsheviks fared better in industrial centers; obtaining some 36% of the vote at the Kemerovo mine and chemical plant, some 32% of the votes were cast at the Anzhersky mines and 25.8% of the votes at the Sudzhensk mines (both in present-day Anzhero-Sudzhensk).[71]

Tomsk
Party Vote %
List 2 - Socialist-Revolutionaries 541,153 85.16
List 3 - Bolsheviks 51,456 8.10
List 1 - Kadets 18,618 2.93
List 4 - Popular Socialists 15,802 2.49
List 5 - Mensheviks 5,769 0.91
List 6 - Cooperative Organizations of Tomsk Governorate 2,686 0.42
Total: 635,484
Deputies Elected
Smirnov Bolshevik
Grigoriev SR
Lindberg SR
Markov SR
Markov SR
Mikhailov SR
Omelkov SR
Semenov SR
Shisharin SR
Sukhomlin SR


Altai

[edit]

The electoral district covered the Altai Governorate.[14]

Altai
Party Vote % Seats
List 2 - Socialist-Revolutionaries 621,377 87.03 13
List 7 - Bolsheviks-
Menshevik-Internationalists
45,268 6.34
List 1 - Old Believers 17,292 2.42
List 5 - Kadets 12,108 1.70
List 6 - Russian Germans 8,048 1.13
List 3 - Popular Socialists 6,068 0.85
List 4 - Mensheviks 3,785 0.53
Total: 713,946 13


Deputies Elected
Devisorov SR
Krivorotov SR
Levin SR
Lomshakov SR
Lyubimov SR
Ramazanov SR
Rogovsky SR
Rudnev SR
Sotnin SR
Shaposhnikov SR
Shnyrev SR
Kosorotov SR
Shatilov SR


Yenisei

[edit]

The electoral district covered the Yenisei Governorate.[14] Moreover, the Russian citizens living in the Uryankhay Kray formed part of the constituency.[14]

The SRs and Menshevik lists formed an electoral bloc, whilst the Bolsheviks and the leftist dissident SR list formed a second electoral bloc.[2]

According to Radkey the results from Krasnoyarsk city and 5 out of 6 uezds appeared complete, with the thinly populated Turukhansk uezd missing.[29]

Yenisei
Party Vote % Seats
List 3 - Socialist-Revolutionaries 229,723 64.48 4
List 2 - Bolsheviks 95,307 26.75 2
List 1 - Kadets 12,017 3.37
List 6 - Popular Socialists 8,703 2.44
List 4 - Mensheviks 4,531 1.27
List 5 - Internationalists (leftist SRs) 3,668 1.03
List 7 - Siberian Autonomist 2,299 0.65
Total: 356,248 6
Deputies Elected
Okulov Bolshevik
Rogov Bolshevik
Eideman SR
Fomin SR
Gurov SR
Kolosov SR


Irkutsk

[edit]

The electoral district covered the Irkutsk Governorate.[14]

Irkutsk
Party Vote % Seats
List 1 - Socialist-Revolutionaries and Peasants Union 113,378 54.47 3
List 5 - Buryat National Committee, SRs 39,248 18.85 1
List 7 - Bolsheviks and
Menshevik-Internationalists
31,587 15.17 1
List 4 - Kadets 8,834 4.24
List 3 - Siberian Autonomist and Popular Socialists 6,925 3.33
List 2 - Mensheviks 5,534 2.66
List 6 - Orthodox parishes 2,653 1.27
Total: 208,159 5
Deputies Elected
Korshunov SR
Krol SR
Timofeev SR
Vampiloon Buryat
Gavrilov Bolshevik


Transbaikal

[edit]

The electoral district covered the Transbaikal Oblast.[14]

Transbaikal
Party Vote %
List 4 - Socialist-Revolutionaries 49,363 50.26
List 2 - Buryat National Committee 17,083 17.39
List 5 - Transbaikal Cossacks 12,854 13.09
List 1 - Bolsheviks-
Menshevik-Internationalists
8,560 8.71
List 6 - Kadets 4,111 4.19
Popular Socialists
  • List 7 - Popular Socialists and Citizens of Barguzin Uezd
  • List 8 - Transbaikal Division of the Popular Socialists
2,682 2.73
List 3 - Mensheviks 2,154 2.19
List 9 - Union of Transbaikal Old Believers 1,418 1.44
Total: 98,225
Deputies Elected
Bogdanov Buryat National Committee
Dobromyslov SR
Flegontov SR
Kruglikov SR
Pumpyanskiy SR
Simakov SR
Taskin Transbaikal Cossacks


Priamur

[edit]

The Priamur electoral district consisted of the Amur Oblast, the Maritime Province and the Sakhalin Oblast.[14][54][72] The election was held on time in the constituency. From the Maritime Province the results were, according to Radkey, seemingly complete. In areas north of the Amur river some problems in voting occurred, with 312 polling stations reporting and 77 did not (another reference stated that no election had been held in some 50 polling stations).[73]

The SRs had suffered a four-way split in the constituency, with the branches in Amur and Maritime contesting separately. Ahead of the election the Maritime Province Peasants Soviets threw out the SR party representatives and fielded a separate list (in Amur, however, the peasants soviets stayed loyal to the SR party).[54] There was also a left SR list, distinctively urban.[54]

Amur-Maritime
Party Vote %
List 2 - Maritime Province Soviet of Peasants Deputies 56,718 27.08
List 7 - Amur Oblast Organization of Socialist-Revolutionaries 41,152 19.65
List 5 - Bolsheviks 40,850 19.50
List 3 - Amur and Ussuri Cossacks 22,612 10.80
List 9 - Kadets 17,233 8.23
List 4 - Mensheviks 15,458 7.38
List 1 - Maritime Province Socialist-Revolutionaries 6,513 3.11
List 8 - SRs of Vladivostok, Nikolayevsk-on-Amur
and Spassk (leftist Socialist-Revolutionaries)
5,805 2.77
List 6 - Amur Oblast Ukrainian Council 3,125 1.49
Total: 209,466
Deputies Elected
Mandrikov Maritime Peasants Soviet
Petrov Maritime Peasants Soviet
Sorokin Maritime Peasants Soviet
Vykhristov Maritime Peasants Soviet
Kozhevnikov Amur and Ussuri Cossacks
Neibut Bolshevik
Alekseevsky Amur SR


Chinese Eastern Railroad

[edit]

The Chinese Eastern Railroad electoral district was located outside the borders of Russia.[58] Four candidates were nominated for the Chinese Eastern Railroad seat; Lieutenant General Dmitri Horvath (the Chinese Eastern Railroad Zone administrator since 1902) ran as the Kadet candidate, representing the pre-revolutionary status quo. Nikolai Strelkov of the Railwaymens' Union contested as the Menshevik candidate, the Jewish businessman and Chair of the Chinese Eastern Railroad Executive Committee Faytel Volfovich was the SR candidate and the ensign and Harbin Soviet chairman Ryutin the Bolshevik candidate.[74][75][76][77]

The vote was held for the Chinese Eastern Railroad seat on November 29, 1917.[75] The voter turnout stood at around 60%.[74]

According to a contemporary account published in the organ of the Nikolsk-Ussuriysky Soviet (whose totals differ somewhat from the figures of Radkey), the vote in Harbin was won by Strelkov (4,874 votes, 31.74%), followed by Horvath (4,450 votes, 28.98%), Ryutin (4,412 votes, 28.73%) and Volfovich (1,620 votes, 10.55%).[78] In the 26 precincts of the western line, Ryutin was the most vote candidate (5,991 votes, 38.25%), followed by Strelkov (5,845 votes, 37.32%), Volfovich (2,519 votes, 16.08%) and Horvath (1,307 votes, 8.35%).[78] In the four precincts of the eastern line, Ryutin emerged as the winner with 1,461 votes (39.84%), followed by Strelkov (1,187 votes, 32.37%), Volfovich (831 votes, 22.66%) and Horvath (188 votes, 5.13%).[78]

Chinese Eastern Railroad
Party Vote % Seats
List 2 - Mensheviks 13,139 37.37 1
List 3 - Bolsheviks 10,612 30.18
List 4 - Kadets 6,327 18.00
List 1 - Socialist-Revolutionaries 5,081 14.45
Total:' 35,159 1
Deputies Elected
Strelkov Menshevik


Yakutsk

[edit]

The electoral district covered the Yakutsk Oblast.[14] An election was held and deputies elected, but Radkey was unable to trace the any voting figures.[59]

Deputies Elected
Xenophonov Federal Labour Union
Pankratov SR


Kamchatka

[edit]

The electoral district covered the Kamchatka Oblast.[14] The vote was held in the Kamchatka electoral on October 29, 1917, well ahead of the rest of the country, in order to allow its sole deputy to be able to catch the last steamship to Petrograd to attend the opening of the Constituent Assembly.[58] Radkey claims to only have been able to trace results from the town of Zavoyko, but the Zavoyko poll was disqualified as the vote had been held one day in advance.[29] 275 people had voted in Zavoyko, 258 of them for SR, 9 for Social Democrats and 8 for others.[1]

Deputies Elected
Lavrov SR


Turkestan

[edit]

Horde

[edit]

The Horde (or 'Orda') electoral district covered the areas of the Bukey Horde in the Transvolga.[58] Khanskaya Stavka was the administrative center of the electoral district.[58] According to Radkey, two lists had registered in the Horde electoral district. As per Radkey's account, there was no information on whether election had been held.[1] As per Wade (2004), members of the local revolutionary committee began arresting the District Election Commission officials as the vote tallying was ongoing.[58]

Deputies Elected
Kulmanov Alash
Tanachev Alash

[13]

Uralsk

[edit]

The electoral district covered the Ural Oblast as well as the Mangyshlak uezd of the Transcaspian Oblast (except for areas inhabited by Turkmens).[14]

Uralsk
Party Vote %
List 1 - Ural Regional Kirghiz Committee 278,014 75.01
List 3 - Military Committee of the Ural Cossack Host 61,476 16.59
List 4 - Soviet of Peasants and Non-Resident Deputies 26,059 7.03
List 2 - Socialist-Revolutionaries 5,076 1.37
Total: 370,625
Deputies Elected
Alibekov Ural Regional Kirghiz Committee
Dosmukhamedov, J. D. Ural Regional Kirghiz Committee
Dosmukhamedov, K. D. Ural Regional Kirghiz Committee
Ipmagambetov Ural Regional Kirghiz Committee
Karatlev Ural Regional Kirghiz Committee
Borodin Cossack


Turgai

[edit]

The electoral district covered the Turgai Oblast.[14] According to Radkey the vote was held in one uezd, but that the result was not known.[1] Nevertheless, Soviet sources indicate voting took place across the district. Soviet historian L. M. Spirin (whose data is used for the results table below) lists 281,782 votes cast for three different candidate lists.[2] Notably, Radkey rejects these results as unreliable.[1]

Deputies Elected
Baitursynov Alash
Berimzhanov Alash
Doshchanov Alash
Temirov Alash
Pakhomov SR


Transcaspian

[edit]

The electoral district covered the Transcaspian Oblast, except for most of the Mangyshlak uezd (only the volosts inhabited by Turkmens remained part of the Transcaspian electoral district).[14][20] The Transcaspian electoral district was assigned 2 seats in the Constituent Assembly.[59] According to Radkey, an election was held but results not known.[59] Per Wade (2004), it is certain that no election took place in the Transcaspian electoral district.[58]

Samarkand

[edit]

The electoral district covered the Samarkand Oblast.[14] Samarkand was assigned 5 seats.[59] According to Radkey, an election was held but results were not known to him.[59]

Deputies Elected
Abdukhalilov Muslim organizations of
the Samarkand region
Behbudiy Muslim organizations of
the Samarkand region
Farhatov Muslim organizations of
the Samarkand region
Maksudi Muslim organizations of
the Samarkand region


Amu Darya

[edit]

The electoral district covered the Amu Darya Division of the Syr-Darya Oblast.[14] According to Radkey, it is not known whether voting took place. One seat had been allotted to Amu Darya.[59] Per Wade (2004), it is certain that no election took place in Amu Darya.[58]

Syr Darya

[edit]

The electoral district covered the Syr-Darya Oblast, except for the Amu Darya Division.[14] Voting in Syr Darya was postponed until mid-Dec 1917, then to January 19, 1918.[60] In the end no vote ever took place.[60][58] Nine seats had been allotted to Syr Darya.[59]

Fergana

[edit]

The electoral district covered the Fergana Oblast.[14] An election was held and deputies elected, but Radkey was unable to trace the any voting figures.[59] Seemingly, per Soviet sources cited by Radkey, there were 5 deputies elected from Fergana, out of whom 1 SR.[79]

Deputies Elected
Khodzhaev Muinil Islam Society
Tyuryayev Muinil Islam Society
Akaev All-Fergana List of Muslim Organizations
Chaykin All-Fergana List of Muslim Organizations
Shokay All-Fergana List of Muslim Organizations
Mirza-Akhmedov All-Fergana List of Muslim Organizations
Shagiakhmetov All-Fergana List of Muslim Organizations
Shashahmedov All-Fergana List of Muslim Organizations
Urazaev All-Fergana List of Muslim Organizations
Yuldash-Kariev All-Fergana List of Muslim Organizations
Yurgul-Agayev All-Fergana List of Muslim Organizations


The results in the table below are based on data from Soviet historian L. M. Spirin.[2] U.S. historian Oliver Henry Radkey rejected these results as unreliable.[1]

Fergana
Party Vote %
List 1 - Muinil Islam Society 76,849 49.86
List 2 - All Fergana List of Soviet of Deputies of Muslim Organizations 77,282 50.14
Total: 154,131

[2]

Semirechie

[edit]

The electoral district covered the Semirechie Oblast.[14] The electoral battle in Semirechie stood between a general soviet list (SRs and Mensheviks) and the Kirgiz-Cossack alliance. The Bolshevik list had been banned.[1]

Semirechie
Party Vote %
List 3 - Bloc of the Kirghiz Party Alash and other Muslims

(Alash-Semirechie Cossack Host)

219,832 52.85
List 2 - Bloc of Socialists of Verny Town, Soviet of Peasants Deputies,
Soviet of Soldiers and Workers Deputies, Kirghiz Socialist Party "Fukhara"
(Socialist-Revolutionaries, Mensheviks)
167,793 40.34
List 1 - Tarachin Population of Dzharkent Uezd
(Uighur-Dungan alliance)
28,368 6.82
Total: 415,993
Deputies Elected
Shebalin Socialist Bloc
Tynyshpaev Socialist Bloc
Amanzholov Alash-Cossack alliance
Jainakov Alash-Cossack alliance
Saurambaev Alash-Cossack alliance
Shendrikov Alash-Cossack alliance


Military districts

[edit]

Baltic Fleet

[edit]

The electoral district covered the military forces and employees and workers at bases under the command of the Baltic Fleet.[80] The Baltic Fleet was a revolutionary bastion.[45] Electoral participation stood at around 70%. 76% of sailors voted, but the sailors were outnumbered by workers and soldiers at the naval bases.[15] Baltic Fleet used a separate electoral system, where the voter could vote for two individual candidates rather than fixed party lists.[81][82]

The election campaign received plenty attention in the fleet newspapers.[82] The campaign of non-Bolshevik candidates was largely confined to Helsingfors.[82] The outcome of the vote indicated strong dissatisfaction with the performance of the Provisional Government, as the combined Bolshevik/Left SR vote stood at around 85% (the highest of all electoral constituencies nationwide).[82] Radkey claims Dybenko was the most voted Bolshevik candidate, placing Lenin second.[81] Dybenko was himself a sailor, and likewise in the case of the SRs sailor candidates Shisko and Maslov scored higher votes than non-sailor political leaders.[82]

Saul (1978) expresses strong concerns over the accuracy of the result presented by Radkey.[82] Saul (1978) reports the following result from the Helsingfors region of the Baltic Fleet electoral district (with results from 97 out of 100 electoral precincts); 22,670 votes for Dybenko, 22,237 votes for Lenin, 13,617 votes for Shishko, 12,906 votes for Proshian, 7,620 votes for Maslov, 7,351 votes for Tsion, 855 votes for Demchinsky and 838 votes for Rengarten.[82] According to Soviet sources the non-partisan group got one percent of the votes in Helsingfors.[82] In Kronstadt an 84% vote for the Bolsheviks was recorded.[82] On the battleships the Bolsheviks won some 70% of the vote, whilst the (left) SRs dominated the vote in the Åbo–Åland region (which had smaller ships).[82]

Baltic Fleet
Party Vote % Seats
List 2 - Bolsheviks 65,093 57.70 2
List 1 - Socialist-Revolutionaries 30,510 27.04
List 4 - Right-wing Socialist-Revolutionaries 13,249 11.74
List 3 - List without title (Officers' Union) 2,018 1.79
List 5 - Non-Partisan Group 1,948 1.73
Total: 112,818 2
Deputies Elected
Dybenko Bolshevik
Lenin Bolshevik


Black Sea Fleet

[edit]

The electoral district covered the military forces and employees and workers at bases under the command of the Black Sea Fleet.[80]

Black Sea Fleet
Party Vote % Seats
List 6 - Socialist-Revolutionaries 22,251 42.28 1
List 1 - Ukrainian Socialist-Revolutionaries 12,895 24.50
List 5 - Bolsheviks 10,771 20.47
List 2 - Tsentroflot and the
Sevastopol Branch of the Union of Sailors
4,769 9.06
List 4 - Mensheviks 1,943 3.69
List 3 ?
Total: 52,629 1
Deputies Elected
Bunakov-Fondaminsky SR


Northern Front

[edit]

The constituency covered the Northern Front of the Russian Army. And apart from the Northern Front itself, the electoral district also included the Russian troops stationed in Finland (except those under the Baltic Fleet command) as well as the Lake Peipus Flotilla.[80] Voter turnout stood at 72.36482% per official records.[15]

Northern Front
Party Vote %
List 5 - Bolsheviks 471,828 56.13
List 3 - Socialist-Revolutionaries and Peasants' Deputies 249,832 29.72
List 4 - Ukrainian Socialist-Revolutionaries and
the Muslim National Socialist Organization
88,956 10.58
List 7 - Kadets 13,687 1.63
List 1 - Mensheviks 5,966 0.71
List 2 - Popular Socialists 5,868 0.70
List 6 - Menshevik-Internationalists (Novayazhiznists) 4,454 0.53
Total: 840,591
Deputies Elected
Ivanov SR
Kolerov SR
Likhach SR
Rabinovich SR
Utgof SR
Klochok Ukrainian-Muslim List
Antonov-Ovseyenko Bolshevik
Medvedev Bolshevik
Nakhimson Bolshevik
Podvoisky Bolshevik
Sedyakin Bolshevik
Sheiman Bolshevik
Sklyansky Bolshevik
Smilga Bolshevik
Stučka Bolshevik
Vasiliev Bolshevik


Western Front

[edit]

The electoral district covered the Western Front of the Russian Army.[80] The result for Muslim Socialists stems from a newspaper report in Russkiye Vedomosti, which had data from 472 out of 602 voting centres.[83]

Western Front
Party Vote %
List 9 - Bolsheviks 653,430 66.95
List 12 - Socialist-Revolutionaries and
the Soviet of Peasants Deputies of the Armies of the Western Front
180,582 18.50
List 1 - Ukrainian SRs and
Ukrainian Social Democratic Labour Party
85,062 8.72
List 2 - Muslim Socialists 16,846 1.73
List 3 - Kadets 16,750 1.72
List 5 - Mensheviks-Bund 5,622 0.58
List 4 - Belorussian Socialist Party (Gromada) and
the Congress of Belorussian Soldiers of the Western Front
4,380 0.45
List 6 - Russian Democratic Party 3,055 0.31
List 10 - Bloc of Popular Socialists, Unity
and right-wing SRs (based around the Volya Naroda newspaper)
2,840 0.29
List 7 ?
List 8 ?
List 11 ?
Unaccounted 7,433 0.76
Total: 976,000
Deputies Elected
Bazyak Ukrainian Bloc
Lebedinets Ukrainian Bloc
Morgenstiern SR
Nikolayev SR
Zetel-Zusman SR
Anuchin Bolshevik
Apeter Bolshevik
Fedenev Bolshevik
Ksenofontov Bolshevik
Kukonkov Bolshevik
Lysyakov Bolshevik
Miasnikian Bolshevik
Rogozinsky Bolshevik
Grzelszczak Bolshevik
Tikhmenev Bolshevik
Vasiliev Bolshevik
Yakovlev Bolshevik


South-Western Front

[edit]

The electoral district covered the South-Western Front of the Russian Army.[80]

South-Western Front
Party Vote %
List 1 - Socialist-Revolutionaries and
Soviet of Peasants Deputies of the South-Western Front
402,930 40.00
List 4 - Bolsheviks 292,626 29.05
List 3 - Ukrainian Socialist-Revolutionaries,
Ukrainian Soc.-Dem. Labour Party and Socialist-Cossacks
168,354 16.71
List 2 - Mensheviks 79,630 7.90
List 6 - Socialist Group of Muslim Soldiers
of the South-Western Front
32,910 3.27
List 7 - Kadets
List 10 - Kadets and Allies
13,724 1.36
List 9 - Popular Socialists 3,084 0.31
List 5 - Unity and Non-Partisans,
United by the Desire to Save the Motherland
?
List 8 - Congress of the Delegates of Polish Servicemen ?
Unaccounted 14,165 1.41
Total: 1,007,423
Deputies Elected
Dansky SR
Detlaf [ru] SR
Dikansky SR
Filippovsky [ru] SR
Levenberg SR
Lishchev SR
Moiseenko [ru] SR
Nikotin SR
Sokoloff SR
Surgutchev [ru] SR
Troyanovsky Menshevik
Bereznyak [ru] Ukrainian SR
Dolgov Ukrainian SR
Kutsyak [ru] Ukrainian SR
Chudnovsky [ru] Bolshevik
Kokovikhin Bolshevik
Lashevich Bolshevik
Marchenkov Bolshevik
Pyatakov [ru] Bolshevik
Rozmirovich Bolshevik
Trubachev Bolshevik


Romanian Front

[edit]

The electoral district covered the Romanian Front of the Russian Army.[80] Moreover, the constituency covered the Danube Flotilla.[80] To Radkey some 12,000-15,000 votes appeared to be missing from official records.[83]

Romanian Front
Party Vote %
List 3 - Socialist-Revolutionaries and Soviet of Peasants Deputies 666,438 59.05
List 1 - United Ukrainian Socialists 186,219 16.50
List 6 - Bolsheviks 173,804 15.40
List 4 - Mensheviks 36,115 3.20
List 2 - Muslim Socialists 23,136 2.05
List 7 - Kadets 21,443 1.90
List 5 - Popular Socialists 4,514 0.40
List 9 -Lettish Soldiers 3,386 0.30
List 8 - Moldovan SRs ?
Unaccounted 13,545 1.20
Total: 1,128,600
Deputies Elected
Grischenko Ukrainian Socialist Bloc
Petliura Ukrainian Socialist Bloc
Pisnachevsky Ukrainian Socialist Bloc
Ternichenko Ukrainian Socialist Bloc
Abramov SR
Alekseevsky SR
Andrianov SR
Bocharnikov SR
Bylinkin SR
Erofeev SR
Ilinskiy SR
Kotlin SR
Krakovetsky SR
Lordkipanidze SR
Markov SR
Shmelyov SR
Krylenko Bolshevik
Mostovenko Bolshevik
Ryazanov Bolshevik
Solers Bolshevik


Caucasian Front

[edit]

The electoral district covered the Caucasian Front of the Russian Army.[80] Moreover, it included the Urmia-Van Flotilla.[80]

Spirin's account of the election result only gives a rough estimate, with 360,000 votes for the Socialist-Revolutionaries and 60,000 votes for the Bolsheviks.[2] The account of Radkey only includes votes from Erzerum fortress, with 16,824 votes.[84] However, the Ukrainian vote in Erzerum was missing in the source material available to Radkey.[83]

Caucasian Front:
Erzerum Fortress
[85]
Party Vote %
Socialist-Revolutionaries 6,537 38.86
Bolsheviks 6,211 36.92
Armenian Revolutionary Federation 1,948 11.58
Mensheviks 1,113 6.62
Kadets 357 2.12
Georgians 51 0.30
Unaccounted 607 3.61
Total: 16,824
Deputies Elected[13]
Berezov SR
Donskoy SR
Mikhailov SR
Pyzhev SR
Tumanov SR
Badaev Bolshevik


Russian forces in France and the Balkans

[edit]

The Russian Expeditionary Force in France and the Salonika front formed an electoral district of its own, with some 50,000 eligible voters.[58] According to Wade (2004) it is unclear whether any election took place in the electoral district.[58]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Includes lists such as the joint SR-Menshevik list in Olonets (although only the SR deputy is included in the seat tally), the general soviet list in Semirechie, the joint SR-Peasants Union list in Irkutsk, the joint SR-Ukrainian SR list in Poltava. The count does not include other joint SR-Ukrainian SR lists in Ukraine, except Poltava (where the SR-USR list confronted the main USR-sponsored list), nor does it include any of the dissident leftist or rightist SR lists.
  2. ^ a b c d e Substantially incomplete result – missing 4 uezds (about 25% of the total electorate of the district)
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Fragmentary result – includes only the city of Kishinev and 3 out of 8 uezds of the constituency
  4. ^ a b c d e f g Fragmentary result – Includes only the city of Ekaterinodar (source Spirin)
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Substantially incomplete result – complete vote tallies from 9 out of 12 uezds.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Fragmentary result – Includes only Omsk and surroundings (source Radkey) and Semipalatinsk uezd (source Spirin)
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h Fragmentary result – Includes only the city of Vladikavkaz, plus sporadic results of the major parties in some towns and garrisons.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h Substantially incomplete result
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i Substantially incomplete result – Includes complete vote from city of Tula and 10 out of 12 uezds. Lacks result from Yefremov uezd and one of the volosts of Odoyev uezd.
  10. ^ a b c d e Substantially incomplete result – Out of 10 uezds in the constituency, 1 uezd has largely incomplete result and 2 uezds have gaps in coverage
  11. ^ Includes all joint Bolshevik/Menshevik-Internationalist lists. Includes the joint Bolshevik-Menshevik list in Vologda, but not the joint Menshevik-Bolshevik list in Tobolsk (as the latter was reportedly dominated by Mensheviks).
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Substantially incomplete result – According to Radkey Odessa city results appeared complete, the Odessa uezd possibly incomplete, the Kherson uezd having results from 195 out of 223 voting centers, no indication about whether 2 other uezds results were complete or not. From the remaining 2 uezds the results were missing altogether.
  13. ^ Includes all Ukrainian SR-led lists in Ukraine, the Ukrainian SR-led lists in the army districts as well as the Petrograd Ukrainian SR-Ukrainian SD-Faryenikte lists.
  14. ^ a b c d e f Substantially incomplete result - the vote for other lists than the SR, Bolsheviks and Orthodox in Vyatka could be double as high in reality, according to Radkey
  15. ^ Includes joint Menshevik-Bund lists, and the joint Menshevik-Bolshevik list in Tobolsk. This line does not include the votes from the joint SR-Menshevik list in Olonets, which elected one Menshevik deputy. However, the Menshevik from Olonets is included in the seat count.
  16. ^ Includes dissident right-wing SR lists that contested against the official SR party lists
  17. ^ In many constituencies the party contested on the Ukrainian SR-led lists. This count is only for the 2 districts where the Ukrainian Social Democrats contested alone.
  18. ^ Various local alliances of Popular Socialists, cooperatives, right-wing Mensheviks, right-wing SRs, Plekhanov's Unity group, etc.
  19. ^ In most constituencies where the Bund was active, it contested on joint lists with the Mensheviks. This line only counts the 3 constituencies were the Bund ran its own lists.
  20. ^ Does not include any results for joint lists with the Bolsheviks
  21. ^ Includes the leftist dissident lists, that contested against the official SR party lists. In locations where the left faction of the SRs dominated the official party list, the result is included in the main SR count.
  22. ^ In many locations the Folkspartei joined Jewish national lists.
  23. ^ Includes 6 Ukrainian lists, outside of Ukraine, with unclear party identity.
  24. ^ a b c d e f Incomplete result

References

[edit]
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