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National Fascist Community

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National Fascist Community
Czech: Národní obec fašistická
Slovak: Národná obec fašistická
LeaderRadola Gajda
FoundedMarch 1926
Dissolved22 November 1938
Split fromCzechoslovak National Democracy
Merged intoParty of National Unity
HeadquartersPrague[1]
IdeologyFascism[2][3]
Antisemitism[3]
Anti-communism
Pan-Slavism[3]
Anti-Hungarian sentiment
Czechoslovak nationalism
Political positionFar-right
Colours  Black
Slogan"Blaho vlasti budiž nejvyšším zákonem"
(English: Let the Welfare of the Homeland be the Supreme Law)
Anthem
"Hej, Slované"[3]
"Hey, Slavs"

The National Fascist Community (Czech: Národní obec fašistická, NOF, sometimes translated as National Fascist League) was a Czechoslovak Fascist movement led by Radola Gajda, and based on the Fascism of Benito Mussolini.[4]

Formation and ideology

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The party was formed in March 1926 by the merger of a group of dissident National Democrats known as the "Red-Whites" with various other rightist groups across Bohemia and Moravia.[5] It was distinguished by a strong current of opposition to Germany, which continued even after Adolf Hitler had come to power. The NOF instead looked to Italy as its model, and based itself wholly on Mussolini's National Fascist Party. In this respect it differed markedly from its chief rival Vlajka, which was firmly in the Hitler camp.[4] Groups targeted by the NOF for criticism included the Jews, communists, the Czechoslovak government and the Magyars.[5] It set up a youth group and a trade union movement, although the latter was minor. The group also advocated a policy of Pan-Slavism, and hoped to take a joint lead with Poland of a grand Slavic alliance that would overthrow communism in the Soviet Union. They also believed in a corporatist economy with a large agricultural sector.[4] The NOF attracted some early support from veterans of the Czechoslovak Legions.[6] It was estimated by a government informer that the NOF had as many as 200,000 followers in 1926, although it had virtually no support in the Slovak area as the far right there was dominated by an indigenous movement.[5]

Activity

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The NOF even made plans for a possible coup d'etat and secured the support of Slovak paramilitary group Rodobrana in this endeavour although ultimately the plans were intercepted by Brno police and thus shelved.[7]

Popularity of the party and dissolution

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Poster of General Radola Gajda.

In the 1929 elections the NOF ran under the name "Against Fixed-Order Lists",[8] but won three seats. Gajda was elected to Parliament, but the party failed to maintain its support, and received only 2% of the vote and seven seats in Chamber of Deputies in the elections of 1935.[4]

The NOF attempted a comeback during the German occupation,[8] although the Nazis did not support due to their earlier criticism and their overall minor status. Ultimately the NOF were disbanded and largely absorbed into the puppet National Partnership, Gajda having been bribed to leave politics.[9] The party's demise was sealed in late 1939 when they organised a rally in Prague's Wenceslas Square and only managed to attract 300 supporters.[10]

Electoral results

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Chamber of Deputies
Election year # of
overall votes 		% of
overall vote 		# of
overall seats won 		+/– Leader
1935 167,433 (#12) 2.0
6 / 300
 Increase 6
Senate
Election year # of
overall votes 		% of
overall vote 		# of
overall seats won 		+/– Leader
1935 145,125 (#13) 2.0
0 / 150
 Increase

References

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  1. ^ Dana, Massowová (2007). "Národní obec fašistická na Bučovicku za první republiky" (PDF) (in Czech). Masaryk University. p. 11. Retrieved January 15, 2018.
  2. ^ "Českým fašistům. Blog - Vít Šlechta (Bigbloger.lidovky.cz)". Archived from the original on 2018-01-16. Retrieved 2018-01-15.
  3. ^ a b c d Nakonečný, Milan (2006). Český fašismus (in Czech). Vodnář. p. 428. ISBN 80-86226-73-5.
  4. ^ a b c d Stanley G. Payne, A History of Fascism 1914-1945, London, Routledge, 2001, p. 309
  5. ^ a b c Andrea Orzoff, Battle for the castle: the myth of Czechoslovakia in Europe, 1914-1948, Oxford University Press US, 2009, p. 100
  6. ^ Andrew C. Janos, East Central Europe in the modern world: the politics of the borderlands, Stanford University Press, 2002, p. 170
  7. ^ Orzoff, Battle for the castle, p. 101
  8. ^ a b Vincent E McHale (1983) Political parties of Europe, Greenwood Press, p149 ISBN 0-313-23804-9
  9. ^ Payne, A History of Fascism, p. 426
  10. ^ Benjamin Frommier, National cleansing: retribution against Nazi collaborators in postwar Czechoslovakia, Cambridge University Press, 2005, p. 21
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