List of shipwrecks in December 1889
The list of shipwrecks in December 1889 includes ships sunk, foundered, grounded, or otherwise lost during December 1889.
| December 1889 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mon | Tue | Wed | Thu | Fri | Sat | Sun |
| 1 | ||||||
| 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
| 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 |
| 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 |
| 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 |
| 30 | 31 | Unknown date | ||||
| References | ||||||
1 December
[edit]| Ship | State | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Aldborough |  United Kingdom
|
The steamship collided with the steamship Ascupart ( United Kingdom) in the River Thames at Barking, Essex. Aldborough subsequently ran aground at Dagenham, Essex. She was on a voyage from London to the Natal Colony.[1]
|
2 December
[edit]| Ship | State | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Ferret | United Kingdom
|
The steam launch collided with the ferry Tynemouth ( United Kingdom) at South Shields, County Durham and was abandoned. Her crew were rescued by Tynemouth.[2]
|
3 December
[edit]| Ship | State | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Adolph Woermann |  Germany
|
The steamship ran aground at Akassa, Oil Rivers Protectorate. She was refloated with assistance from the steamship King Tofa (Flag unknown) and towed in to Akassa.[3] |
| County of Merioneth | United Kingdom
|
The barque was driven ashore at "Bancochico", Argentina. She was on a voyage from Liverpool, Lancashire to Buenos Aires, Argentina.[3] She was refloated and taken in to Buenos Aires.[4] |
| Falshaw | United Kingdom
|
The steamship was driven ashore at Brăila, Romania. She was on a voyage from Brăila to Galați.[3] She was refloated.[4] |
4 December
[edit]| Ship | State | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Ancona, and Kungpai |
 Hong Kong
|
The steamships collided at Hong Kong. Both vessels were severely damaged and were beached. Ancona was on a voyage from Hong Kong to Yokohama, Japan.[3] |
| Euphemia | United Kingdom
|
The ship struck the Shark's Fin Rock and foundered. She was on a voyage from Porthcawl, Glamorgan to Penzance, Cornwall.[3] |
5 December
[edit]| Ship | State | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Echo | United Kingdom
|
The tug collided with the steamship Northenden ( United Kingdom) and sank off Grimsby, Lincolnshire. Her crew were rescued by Northenden.[4]
|
| HMS Watchful |  Royal Navy
|
The Albacore-class gunboat was driven ashore at Lowestoft, Suffolk.[5] |
7 December
[edit]| Ship | State | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Nord |  France
|
The ship ran into the quayside on being launched at Stobcross, Renfrewshire, United Kingdom and was damaged.[6] |
9 December
[edit]| Ship | State | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Karoon | United Kingdom
|
The steamship, on a voyage from Savannah, Georgia, to Bremerhaven, Germany, stranded on Razende Bol off the North Dutch coast, and the crew taken off as a precaution. She was refloated the following morning and completed her voyage in tow before repairs in England.[7][8][9] |
10 December
[edit]| Ship | State | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Lizzie | United Kingdom
|
The fishing boat was driven ashore and wrecked at Portslade, Sussex, The sole crew member was rescued.[10] |
11 December
[edit]| Ship | State | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Ann and Ellen, Starand Zaripha |
United Kingdom
|
The steamship Zaripha collided with the tank barge Star in the River Thames at London, driving her into the schooner Ann and Ellen, which was severely damaged. Zaripha then collided with the steamship Kent ( United Kingdom). Star was beached, but consequently sank.[10]
|
| Ingrid | United Kingdom
|
The derelict schooner was towed in to Lowestoft, Suffolk by a tug.[10] |
12 December
[edit]| Ship | State | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Clara Felicia | United Kingdom
|
The ship ran aground on the Goodwin Sands, Kent.[11] |
| Mandalay | United Kingdom
|
The barque ran aground on the Goodwin Sands. She was on a voyage from Middlesbrough, Yorkshire to Bahia Blanca, Brazil. She was refloated.[11][12] |
| Dragonfly | United Kingdom
|
The steamship was driven ashore in the Nieuw Diep. Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Taganrog, Russia to Amsterdam, North Holland, Netherlands.[13][14] |
15 December
[edit]| Ship | State | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Leerdam, and Gaw Quan Sia |
 Netherlands United Kingdom
|
The steamships collided in the North Sea. Both vessels sank, Gaw Quan Sia with the loss of two of her crew. Surviving crew of both vessels and all 400 passengers from Leerdam took to the boats. They were rescued the next day by the steamship Emma ( France). Leerdam was on a voyage from Amsterdam to Buenos Aires, Argentina. Gaw Quan Sia was on a voyage from Calcutta, India to Hamburg.[15][16]
|
16 December
[edit]| Ship | State | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Challenge | United Kingdom
|
The smack foundered in the North Sea north of Flamborough Head, Yorkshire. Her crew survived.[17] |
| Delphine Mélanie | France
|
The barque was driven ashore at Tacumshane, County Wexford, United Kingdom. Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Havre de Grâce, Seine-Inférieure to Glasgow, Renfrewshire, United Kingdom.[17][18] |
| Progress | United Kingdom
|
The steamship ran aground in the River Ouse at Whitton, Lincolnshire. She was on a voyage from Calais, France to Goole, Yorkshire.[17] She was refloated on 18 December with the assistance of a tug and taken in to Goole.[19] |
| Ralph Creyke | United Kingdom
|
The steamship ran aground in the River Ouse at Goole. She was on a voyage from Antwerp, Belgium to Goole.[17] She was refloated the next day with the assistance of a number of tugs and taken in to Goole.[18] |
| W. W. Lloyd | United Kingdom
|
The ship ran aground at Piel Island, Lancashire. She was on a voyage from Rouen, Seine-Inférieure, France to Barrow-in-Furness, Lancashire.[17] |
17 December
[edit]| Ship | State | Description |
|---|---|---|
| America | Germany
|
The steamship ran aground in the Weser. She was on a voyage from Baltimore, Maryland, United States to Bremen.[18] She was refloated and taken in to Bremerhaven.[19] |
| Ruby | United Kingdom
|
The steam fishing boat was driven ashore at Berwick upon Tweed, Northumberland. Her crew were rescued. Ruby was on a voyage from Leith, Lothian to Berwick upon Tweed. She was refloated and towed in to Berwick upon Tweed.[18] |
| Tenby Castle | United Kingdom
|
The ship was wrecked at the South Stack, Anglesey with the loss of eleven of the fourteen people on board. Survivors were rescued by the Holyhead Lifeboat.[15] |
18 December
[edit]| Ship | State | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Edith | United Kingdom
|
The steamship ran aground at Rotterdam, South Holland, Netherlands. She was refloated.[19] |
| Maid of Anglesey | United Kingdom
|
The schooner ran aground on the Goodwin Sands, Kent.[11] Her crew were rescued by the steamship Strathblane ( United Kingdom).[19]
|
| Will o' the Wisp | United Kingdom
|
The lighter ran aground and sank at Dundee, Forfarshire.[19] |
19 December
[edit]| Ship | State | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Newnham | United Kingdom
|
The steamship was driven ashore in the Nieuwe Diep.[20] |
20 December
[edit]| Ship | State | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Cleddy | United Kingdom
|
The steamship collided with the steamship Isle of Cyprus and sank off St. Catherine's Point, Isle of Wight. Twelve of her 25 crew reached Bembridge, Isle of Wight in a boat; the rest were reported missing. The ship's cat was rescued from floating wreckage off Shanklin, Isle of Wight by fishermen. Cleddy was on a voyage from Odessa, Russia to Antwerp, Belgium.[21] |
| Earl of Durham | United Kingdom
|
The ship was driven ashore at Egmond aan Zee, North Holland, Netherlands. She was on a voyage from Sunderland, County Durham to Amsterdam, North Holland.[22] |
| Fairway | United Kingdom
|
The steamship collided with the steamship Kirkstall ( United Kingdom) in the River Ouse and was beached at Blacktoft, Yorkshire. Fairway was on a voyage from Goole, Yorkshire to London.[22]
|
| Lancashire |  Norway
|
The full-rigged ship was run into by the barque Julia ( United Kingdom) in The Downs and was severely damaged. Lancashire was on a voyage from Antwerp, Belgium to Buenos Aires, Argentina.[22][23]
|
| Prins Willem I | Netherlands
|
The steamship foundered in the English Channel. Twenty-eight of the 41 people on board were rescued; the rest were reported missing. Prins Willem I was on a voyage from Paramaribo, Surinam to Amsterdam.[21] |
| Wick Bay | United Kingdom
|
The steamship ran aground in the Lynn Channel. She was on a voyage from Baltimore, Maryland, United States to King's Lynn, Norfolk.[22] |
21 December
[edit]| Ship | State | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Sandringham | United Kingdom
|
The steamship collided with the barque Joseph Haydn ( Germany) and was severely damaged. Sandringham put in to Boston, Lincolnshire.[23]
|
| Stad Nieuport | Flag unknown | The ship ran aground in the Humber at Whitton, Lincolnshire, United Kingdom. She was on a voyage from Goole, Yorkshire to Nieuport.[23] |
| St. Andrew | United Kingdom
|
The steamship collided with the steamship Newent ( United Kingdom) and sank off Yantlet, Kent. Her crew were rescued by Newent. St. Andrew was on a voyage from Valencia, Spain to London.[23]
|
22 December
[edit]| Ship | State | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Adonis |  United States
|
The wooden brigantine was wrecked approximately 15 nautical miles (28 km) south of Crowdy Head, New South Wales when she sprang a leak whilst on a voyage from Wollongong to the Richmond River in New South Wales. |
| Dunrobin | United Kingdom
|
The steamship was driven ashore and wrecked near Laxey, Isle of Man. Her crew survived. She was on a voyage from Maryport, Cumberland to Ardrossan, Ayrshire.[24] |
| Igor | United Kingdom
|
The schooner was wrecked on the Dulas Rock, Anglesey. Her crew were rescued by the Moelfre Lifeboat.[24] |
| Jedda C. Yedea | France
|
The brigantine put in to the Mumbles, Glamorgan, United Kingdom in a sinking condition. Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Cardiff, Glamorgan to Vannes, Morbihan.[23] |
| Mona | United Kingdom
|
The ketch was driven ashore near Youghal, County Cork. She was refloated and taken in to Youghal, where she sank.[24] |
23 December
[edit]| Ship | State | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Annie M. Jordan | United States
|
The schooner was wrecked on Gallantry Head, Saint-Pierre, Saint Pierre and Miquelon.[25] |
24 December
[edit]| Ship | State | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Ehren | United Kingdom
|
The schooner was driven ashore and wrecked at Newhaven, Sussex.[26] |
25 December
[edit]| Ship | State | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Wide West | United States
|
The steamship was wrecked on Destruction Island, Washington, United States, after losing her propeller and auxiliary sailing rig in high winds and heavy seas. Her crew abandoned ship safely. |
26 December
[edit]| Ship | State | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Clan McKenzie | United Kingdom
|
The steamship was sunk in a collision in snow with the steamship Oregon ( United States) in the Columbia River at Coffee Rock 47 miles (76 km) upstream of Astoria, Oregon. Two crew were killed. Survivors made it to shore in her boats.[27][28]
|
| Oregon | United States
|
The steamer was damaged in a collision with Clan McKenzie ( United Kingdom) in the Columbia River at Coffee Rock 47 miles (76 km) above Astoria, Oregon in snow, losing her bow, and drifted ashore, later refloated.[28]
|
27 December
[edit]| Ship | State | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Lennie | United Kingdom
|
The barque ran ashore on Digby Neck, Nova Scotia, Canada and was wrecked. |
29 December
[edit]| Ship | State | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Ovington | United Kingdom
|
The steamship collided with the steamship Queen Victoria ( United Kingdom) and sank in the Firth of Clyde off Toward Point, Argyllshire with the loss of six of her fourteen crew. Survivors were rescued by Queen Victoria. Ovington was on a voyage from Glasgow, Renfrewshire to Antwerp, Belgium.[29]
|
Unknown date
[edit]| Ship | State | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Agenora | United Kingdom
|
The brig collided with the steamship Whitley ( United Kingdom) in the North Sea off the coast of Essex and was severely damaged. Agenora was on a voyage from the River Tyne to Weymouth, Dorset. She put in to Great Yarmouth, Norfolk.[23]
|
| Aidar | United Kingdom
|
The steamship ran aground at Pera, Ottoman Empire.[20] She was refloated on 21 December.[24] |
| Alexandra | United Kingdom
|
The barque was driven ashore and wrecked at Rettimo, Greece. Her crew were rescued.[18][20] |
| Andrea Antonia | Flag unknown | The ship was driven ashore at Bahia Blanca, Brazil. She was on a voyage from Sharpness, Gloucestershire, United Kingdom to Bahia Blanca.[20] |
| Angostura | Germany
|
The barque was driven ashore on Terschelling, Friesland, Netherlands. She was on a voyage from Hamburg to Callao, Peru. She was refloated with assistance and taken in to Vlieland, Friesland.[17] |
| Ariel | United Kingdom
|
The steamship ran aground at Ochakoff, Russia.[20] She was later refloated and taken in to Odessa, Russia. |
| Barunga |  South Australia
|
The steamship ran aground in the Pirie River. She was on a voyage from Port Pirie to New Zealand.[20] |
| B. Kemeny, and Germania |
 Austria-Hungary Germany
|
The steamship B. Kemeny collided with the steamship Germania and was severely damaged. B. Kemeny was on a voyage from Fiume to Antwerp, Belgium. Germania sank. Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Antwerp to Hamburg.[23] |
| Charles Napier | United Kingdom
|
The schooner was driven ashore at "Fidari", Greece.[18] |
| City of Oxford | United Kingdom
|
The steamship ran aground in the Suez Canal. She was refloated on 16 December.[17] |
| Clan Mackenzie | United Kingdom
|
The full-rigged ship was run into by the steamship Oregon ( United States) and sank in the Columbia River.[30]
|
| Cobija | France
|
The barque was abandoned at sea. Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Havre de Grâce, Seine-Inférieure to Gaboon.[23] |
| Dora, and an unnamed vessel |
United Kingdom Ottoman Empire
|
The steamships collided at Constantinople and were both severely damaged.[20] |
| Durham | United Kingdom
|
The ship caught fire at Port Costa, California, United States.[18] She was severely damaged.[19] |
| Eask | Norway
|
The brig was driven ashore at "Kaageleie". She was on a voyage from Lisbon, Portugal to Ystad, Sweden. She was refloated and put in to Helsingør, Denmark in a leaky condition.[22] |
| Eastbourne | United Kingdom
|
The steamship ran aground in the Elbe at Lühe, Germany. She was on a voyage from Odessa to Hamburg.[19] |
| Elefterios |  Greece
|
The brig collided with the steamship Brazil ( Italy) and sank off Cape Noli, Italy.[17]
|
| Elisa | France
|
The ship was driven ashore at Ambleteuse, Pas-de-Calais and became severely leaky. She was on a voyage from Treguier, Côtes-du-Nord to Boulogne, Pas-de-Calais.[19] |
| Empusa | Flag unknown | The steamship struck a rock off Ouessant, Finistère, Franch. She put in to Torbay in a leaky condition.[13] |
| Energia | United Kingdom
|
The steamship ran aground at Maassluis, South Holland, Netherlands. She was on a voyage from Feodosiya, Russia to Rotterdam, South Holland.[2] |
| Erato | United Kingdom
|
The steamship was driven ashore in the Patapco River. she was on a voyage from Baltimore, Maryland, United States to Sligo.[22] |
| Estrella | France
|
The schooner was wrecked 20 nautical miles (37 km) west of Cape Finisterre, Spain. Her crew were rescued.[3] |
| Étrangère | France
|
The yacht collided with the steamship Cossack ( United Kingdom) at Bordeaux, Gironde and was severely damaged.[13]
|
| Frontera | Germany
|
The ship was lost at Sea.[23] |
| Glynaeron | United Kingdom
|
The ship was driven ashore near Holyhead, Anglesey. She was later refloated and assisted in to Holyhead by a tug.[17] |
| Gustava |  Grand Duchy of Finland
|
The ship struck a rock and foundered off the Norwegian coast with the loss of two of her crew.[13] She was on a voyage from Grimsby, Lincolnshire, United Kingdom to Christiania, Norway.[12] |
| Hector |  Romania
|
The lighter collided with the steamship Heathmore ( United Kingdom) and sank at Brăila.[6]
|
| Holt Hill |  New South Wales
|
The ship was wrecked at Saint Paul's. She was on a voyage from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil to the Sand Heads.[10] |
| Isa | United Kingdom
|
The schooner was wrecked on the Dulas Rocks, Anglesey. Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Charlestown, Cornwall to Runcorn, Cheshire.[24] |
| James Martin | United Kingdom
|
The barque ran aground at Banjoewangie, Netherlands East Indies. She was on a voyage from Samarang, Netherlands East Indies to Australia.[10] |
| Janet | United Kingdom
|
The ship was driven ashore at Newbiggin-by-the-Sea, Northumberland. She was refloated on 20 December and towed in to the River Tyne in a waterlogged condition.[22] |
| John M. Clerk | United States
|
The barque was lost at sea. Her crew were rescued by an American barque. She was on a voyage from Sydney, New South Wales to Shanghai, China.[20] |
| John Ormston | United Kingdom
|
The steamship ran aground at Hamburg. She was on a voyage from Hamburg to Newcastle upon Tyne, Northumberland.[12] |
| Jozic | Austria-Hungary
|
The barque was driven ashore and wrecked at "Beauduc", Bouches-du-Rhône, France. She was on a voyage from Cette, Hérault to Marseille, Bouches-du-Rhône.[2] |
| Juan Ramos |  Spain
|
The steamship put in to Roses in a waterlogged condition. She was on a voyage from Alicante to Marseille.[17] |
| Karoon | Flag unknown | The steamship was driven ashore in the Nieuwe Diep. She was on a voyage from Savannah, Georgia, United States to Bremen, Germany.[6] She was refloated.[13] |
| Marco Minghetti | Italy
|
The steamship was driven ashore on Chios, Greece.[2] She was later refloated and taken in tow by Psara ( Royal Hellenic Navy) but the tow was lost off Tinos, Greece. Eighty passengers and crew were rescued. Marco Minghetti was subsequently taken in to Naxos, Greece.[22]
|
| Mizpah | Jersey
|
The ketch was driven ashore at Kingsdown, Kent. She was refloated with assistance.[19] |
| Monte Rosa | United Kingdom
|
The steamship caught fire at Savannah, Georgia, United States. The fire was extinguished.[3] |
| Mute | United Kingdom
|
The ship ran aground on the Pennington Spit, in the Solent.[2] |
| Nostra Genitori | Italy
|
The ship was abandoned at sea. She was subsequently towed in to Boston, Massachusetts, United States and beached.[6] |
| Richard Porter | United Kingdom
|
The ship was wrecked on the Swedish coast. Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Hull, Yorkshire to Rostock, Germany.[12] |
| Romany | United Kingdom
|
The steamship ran aground in the Elbe at Schulau. She was on a voyage from Odessa to Hamburg.[19] |
| S. J. Musson | United Kingdom
|
The brigantine was wrecked on Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands. Her crew were rescued.[4] |
| St. Dunstan | United Kingdom
|
The steamship collided with a Royal Navy ship at Singapore, Straits Settlements and was beached.[23] |
| Thorbeke VII | Netherlands
|
The barque collided with the steamship P. Caland ( Netherlands) and sank in the Nordzeekanaal. Thorbeke VII was on a voyage from Java, Netherlands East Indies to Amsterdam.[23]
|
| Tiogo | Flag unknown | The steamship ran aground in the Strait of Mackinac.[2] |
| Vesta | United Kingdom
|
The ship was destroyed by fire at sea. Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Sunderland, County Durham to Valparaíso, Chile.[19] |
| Warrington | United Kingdom
|
The steamship collided with the steamship Harsley ( United Kingdom) and was severely damaged. Warrington was taken in to Hamburg.[20]
|
| Wave | United Kingdom
|
The steamship ran aground in the Elbe at Finkenwerder. She was on a voyage from Odessa to Hamburg.[19] |
References
[edit]- ^ "Latest Shipping Intelligence". The Times. No. 32871. London. 2 December 1889. col F, p. 6.
- ^ a b c d e f "Latest Shipping Intelligence". The Times. No. 32872. London. 3 December 1889. col D, p. 10.
- ^ a b c d e f g "Latest Shipping Intelligence". The Times. No. 32874. London. 5 December 1889. col E, p. 7.
- ^ a b c d "Latest Shipping Intelligence". The Times. No. 32875. London. 6 December 1889. col F, p. 7.
- ^ "H.M.S. Watchful". The Times. No. 32888. London. 21 December 1889. col F, p. 9.
- ^ a b c d "Latest Shipping Intelligence". The Times. No. 32878. London. 10 December 1889. col B, p. 7.
- ^ "Scheepstijdingen". Algemeen Handelsblad (in Dutch). Amsterdam. 10 December 1889. p. 3. Retrieved 4 March 2024 – via Delpher.
- ^ "The Stranding of the Steamer Karoon". North Eastern Daily Gazette. Middlesbrough. 22 January 1890. p. 3. Retrieved 4 March 2024 – via British Newspaper Archive.
- ^ "Scheepstijdingen". Algemeen Handelsblad (in Dutch). Amsterdam. 17 December 1889. p. 3. Retrieved 4 March 2024 – via Delpher.
- ^ a b c d e "Latest Shipping Intelligence". The Times. No. 32880. London. 12 December 1889. col D, p. 10.
- ^ a b c Larn, Richard (1977). Goodwin Sands Shipwrecks. Newton Abbott: David and Charles. p. 131. ISBN 0 7153 7202 5.
- ^ a b c d "Latest Shipping Intelligence". The Times. No. 32881. London. 13 December 1889. col F, p. 6.
- ^ a b c d e "Latest Shipping Intelligence". The Times. No. 32879. London. 11 December 1889. col F, p. 10.
- ^ SS Dragonfly
- ^ a b "Disasters At Sea". The Times. No. 32886. London. 19 December 1889. col E, p. 7.
- ^ "Disasters At Sea". The Times. No. 32887. London. 20 December 1889. col E, p. 6.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Latest Shipping Intelligence". The Times. No. 32884. London. 17 December 1889. col F, p. 6.
- ^ a b c d e f g "Latest Shipping Intelligence". The Times. No. 32885. London. 18 December 1889. col F, p. 7.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "Latest Shipping Intelligence". The Times. No. 32886. London. 19 December 1889. col E, p. 7.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "Latest Shipping Intelligence". The Times. No. 32887. London. 20 December 1889. col F, p. 7.
- ^ a b "Disasters At Sea". The Times. No. 32888. London. 21 December 1889. col C, p. 10.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Latest Shipping Intelligence". The Times. No. 32888. London. 21 December 1889. col D, p. 10.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Latest Shipping Intelligence". The Times. No. 32889. London. 23 December 1889. col F, p. 7.
- ^ a b c d e "Latest Shipping Intelligence". The Times. No. 32890. London. 24 December 1889. col E, p. 4.
- ^ "1889". downtothesea.com. Retrieved 23 June 2021.
- ^ Renno, David (2004). Beachy Head Shipwrecks of the 19th Century. Sevenoaks: Amherst Publishing. p. 402. ISBN 1 903637 20 1.
- ^ "Annual report of the Supervising Inspector-general Steamboat-inspection Service, Year ending June 30, 1890". Columbia University. Retrieved 12 February 2020.
- ^ a b "Sacramento Daily Record, December 28, 1889". Columbia University. Retrieved 12 February 2020.
- ^ "Fatal Collision In The Firth Of Clyde". The Times. No. 32895. London. 30 December 1889. col E, p. 7.
- ^ "Disaster to a British Ship". The Times. No. 32894. London. 28 December 1889. col E, p. 4.