Jump to content

List of shipwrecks in August 1881

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The list of shipwrecks in August 1881 includes ships sunk, foundered, grounded, or otherwise lost during August 1881.

1 August

[edit]
List of shipwrecks: 1 August 1881
Ship State Description
Campana  United Kingdom The barque capsized at South Shields, County Durham.[1]
Carlotta  United Kingdom The steam yacht capsized at Row, Dunbartonshire and was severely damaged.[1]
Edith  United Kingdom The steam launch foundered in the Thames Estuary 4 nautical miles (7.4 km) north east of Garrison Point, Isle of Sheppey, Kent. Her crew were rescued by a Coastguard boat.[1] She was refloated on 3 August and taken into Whitstable, Kent.[2]
Eugenie  France The schooner sprang a leak and sank in the English Channel 7 nautical miles (13 km) off Beachy Head, Sussex, United Kingdom. All four people on board survived.[3]
Gleaner  United Kingdom The smack ran aground and sank at Peel, Isle of Man. She was on a voyage from Barrow-in-Furness, Lancashire to Newport, Monmouthshire.[1]
Lasker  Germany The barque collided with the steamship Helios ( United Kingdom) and sank off the coast of Zeeland, Netherlands. Lasker was on a voyage from Antwerp, Belgium to Iquique, Peru.[1]
Peter James  United Kingdom The schooner was driven ashore at West Cowes, Isle of Wight. She was on a voyage from Liverpool, Lancashire to London.[1]

3 August

[edit]
List of shipwrecks: 3 August 1881
Ship State Description
Augusta  Sweden The schooner capsized at Utklippan.[2]
E. D. Bigelow  United States The ship ran aground on Sarn Badrig 4 nautical miles (7.4 km) off Dyffryn, Cardiganshire, United Kingdom. She was on a voyage from Annapolis, Maryland to Liverpool, Lancashire, United Kingdom.[2]
Merannio  United Kingdom The steamship collided with the steamship Fenton and was beached at East Greenwich, Middlesex. She was refloated and docked.[2]

4 August

[edit]
List of shipwrecks: 4 August 1881
Ship State Description
Calcutta  United States The ship was wrecked on the coast of Caffraria, Cape Colony. She was on a voyage from "Zebu", Spanish East Indies to Boston, Massachusetts.[2]
Dunoon Castle  United Kingdom The paddle steamer was severely damaged by fire at Glasgow, Renfrewshire.[2]
Magdeburg  United Kingdom The steamship was driven ashore at Gävle, Sweden.[2]

5 August

[edit]
List of shipwrecks: 5 August 1881
Ship State Description
Periere  France The steamship caught fire at Golette, Tunisia and was scuttled. She was refloated on 9 August and taken to Marseille, Bouches-du-Rhône for repairs.[4]

6 August

[edit]
List of shipwrecks: 6 August 1881
Ship State Description
Bina Campbell  United Kingdom The barque ran aground in the Clyde at Dumbarton Castle, Dunbartonshire. She was then run into by another vessel. Bina Campbell was on a voyage from Glasgow, Renfrewshire to Montevideo, Uruguay. She was later refloated and put back to Glasgow for repairs.[5]

8 August

[edit]
List of shipwrecks: 8 August 1881
Ship State Description
Clara B. Warren  United States The schooner was wrecked on Duncan's Reef, Catch Harbour, Nova Scotia, Canada. Her crew were rescued.[6]
Isaac Pereire  France The steamship caught fire at Tunis, Tunisia and was scuttled. She was later refloated, repaired and returned to service.[7]
Lord Belgrave  United Kingdom The paddle steamer caught fire and sank in the River Dee at Chester, Cheshire. Arson was suspected as the cause.[8]
ARA Pilocmayo  Argentine Navy The flat-iron gunboat was holed by an anchor and sank at Buenos Aires.[9]

9 August

[edit]
List of shipwrecks: 9 August 1881
Ship State Description
Hugo  Germany The ship was destroyed by fire in the Pacific Ocean and was abandoned by her crew. She was on a voyage from Newcastle upon Tyne, Northumberland to San Francisco, California, United States. Her ten crew took to a lifeboat. Nine survivors reached Chiloe, Chile on 18 August, taking nine days to cover 800 nautical miles (1,500 km).[10][11]

10 August

[edit]
List of shipwrecks: 10 August 1881
Ship State Description
Baltic  United Kingdom The barque ran aground on the Eagle Sand, in the North Sea off the coast of Essex.[4]
Thracian  United Kingdom The barque ran aground at Moulmein, Burma. She was on a voyage from Singapore, Straits Settlements to Moulmein. She was refloated on 14 August.[12]
Unnamed  United Kingdom The Mersey Flat sank on the East Hoyle Bank, in Liverpool Bay.[4]

11 August

[edit]
List of shipwrecks: 11 August 1881
Ship State Description
George Mills  United Kingdom The barque was driven ashore on the coast of Uruguay. She was refloated and put into Maldonado, Uruguay in a leaky condition.[5]
Georges  France The schooner ran into the barque Clodian ( United Kingdom) and sank in the North Sea 5 nautical miles (9.3 km) off Sea Palling, Norfolk, United Kingdom. Her crew survived. Georges was on a voyage from South Shields, County Durham, United Kingdom to Cannes, Alpes-Maritimes.[13]

12 August

[edit]
List of shipwrecks: 12 August 1881
Ship State Description
Emily  United Kingdom The brig collided with the steamship Elysia ( United Kingdom) and sank in the Atlantic Ocean (47°58′N 30°00′W / 47.967°N 30.000°W / 47.967; -30.000). Her nine crew were rescued by Elysia. Emily was on a voyage from Saint John's, Newfoundland Colony to London.[14][15]
Fair Maid  United Kingdom The schooner ran aground on the Hale Sand, in the North Sea off the coast of Lincolnshire. She was on a voyage from Hull, Yorkshire to Lyme Regis, Dorset. She was refloated and made for the Humber, but consequently sank. Her crew were rescued by the tug Garibaldi ( United Kingdom.[13]
Mabel  United Kingdom The schooner was driven ashore at Dunkerque, Nord, France.[13]

13 August

[edit]
List of shipwrecks: 13 August 1881
Ship State Description
Harmonia  Norway The brig was driven ashore and wrecked at Haverdal, Sweden. She was on a voyage from Söderhamn, Sweden to Dunkerque, Nord, France.[5]
Romano  United Kingdom The steamship ran aground on the Holme Sand, in the Humber. She was on a voyage from Hull, Yorkshire to New York, United States. She was refloated the next day with the assistance of a number of tugs and put back to Hull.[16]
T. B. Ord  United Kingdom The barque collided with the schooner Isabel ( France) at Callao, Peru and was severely damaged. She was on a voyage from Cardiff, Glamorgan to Callao.[16]

14 August

[edit]
List of shipwrecks: 14 August 1881
Ship State Description
Borunga  United Kingdom The barque ran aground at Calais, France.[5] She was refloated and taken into Calais.[16]
Dunnikier  United Kingdom The barque struck a rock and foundered in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of Chile. Her crew survived. She was on a voyage from Liverpool, Lancashire to Valparaíso, Chile.[16]

15 August

[edit]
List of shipwrecks: 15 August 1881
Ship State Description
Innisfallen  United Kingdom The brig was driven ashore on Naissaar, Russia. She was on a voyage from Liverpool, Lancashire to Reval, Russia. She was refloated with the assistance of a tug.[16]
Martha  Netherlands The schooner capsized in the Ems.[16]
W. F. March  United States The schooner dragged her anchor during a gale and was wrecked in Golovnin Bay in the Department of Alaska. All seventeen people on board survived.[17]

16 August

[edit]
List of shipwrecks: 16 August 1881
Ship State Description
Frigorifique  France The steamship was damaged by fire at Bordeaux, Gironde. She was on a voyage from Bordeaux to Antwerp, Belgium.[18]

17 August

[edit]
List of shipwrecks: 17 August 1881
Ship State Description
Unnamed Flag unknown The cutter yacht foundered in the English Channel 1+12 nautical miles (2.8 km) off Camber, Sussex, United Kingdom.[18]

18 August

[edit]
List of shipwrecks: 18 August 1881
Ship State Description
Forster  United Kingdom The ship was wrecked at Amsterdam, North Holland, Netherlands. Her crew were rescued.[18]
Tordenskjold  Norway The ship was driven ashore. She was refloated and taken into Grimstad in a leaky condition.[18]
Unnamed  Russia The full-rigged ship was driven ashore in the Nieuwe Diep. She was on a voyage from Amsterdam, North Holland, Netherlands to Porvoo, Grand Duchy of Finland.[18]

19 August

[edit]
List of shipwrecks: 19 August 1881
Ship State Description
Gil  Portugal The schooner collided with the barque Burnswark ( United Kingdom) in the Kingroad, off the coast of Somerset, United Kingdom. She was beached on the Rifle Grounds.[19]
Mary Kate  United Kingdom The schooner ran aground at Liverpool, Lancashire. Her crew survived.[19]

20 August

[edit]
List of shipwrecks: 20 August 1881
Ship State Description
A. B. Ward  United States The tug suffered a boiler explosion and sank in the Chicago River at the Clark Street Bridge, Chicago, Illinois with the loss of two of her crew. Subsequently refloated, towed to Miller's Dry Dock and rebuilt.[20][21]
Courier  France The schooner foundered at sea. Her crew took to a boat; they were rescued on 25 August by Golden Sea ( United Kingdom). Courier was on a voyage from Saint-Pierre, Saint Pierre and Miquelon to Martinique.[22][23]
Prima  Norway The barque was driven ashore and wrecked at Zoutelande, Zeeland, Netherlands. She was on a voyage from Antwerp, Belgium to a Baltic port.[19]

21 August

[edit]
List of shipwrecks: 21 August 1881
Ship State Description
Eira  United Kingdom
Eira
The steam yacht of Benjamin Leigh Smith was severely damaged by floating ice and sank near Cape Flora, Franz Joseph Land. The owner and his crew were rescued almost a year later.[24] The wreck was located in 2018.[25]
Livingstone  United Kingdom The ship collided with HSwMS Norrköping ( Swedish Navy) 8 nautical miles (15 km) off the south point of Öland, Sweden and was damaged. HSwMS Norrköping towed her to "Uttagan", where she took on a pilot with the intention of going into Kalmar. She ran aground off "Grimskar", but was refloated the next day and taken into Kalama.[26]

23 August

[edit]
List of shipwrecks: 23 August 1881
Ship State Description
Gordonia  United Kingdom The steamship was driven ashore at Domsten, Sweden. She was on a voyage from South Shields, County Durham to Cronstadt, Russia. She was refloated and taken into Copenhagen, Denmark.[27]

24 August

[edit]
List of shipwrecks: 24 August 1881
Ship State Description
T. E. Aschehong  United Kingdom The barque foundered at sea. Her crew survived. She was on a voyage from Hamburg, Germany to Baltimore, Maryland, United States.[28]

25 August

[edit]
List of shipwrecks: 25 August 1881
Ship State Description
Edgar  United Kingdom The steamship was driven ashore north of Cape Hellas, Greece. She was on a voyage from Cronstadt to Nicholaieff, Russia. She was refloated on 27 August.[29]
Endeavour  United Kingdom The brig was driven ashore at Balbriggan, County Dublin. Her five crew were rescued by a Coastguard boat.[30]
Maggie Lorimer  United Kingdom The ship ran aground and sank at Glenarm, County Antrim. She was on a voyage from Glenarm to Glasgow, Renfrewshire.[26]
Miranda  United Kingdom The full-rigged ship was destroyed by fire in the "Goronlaia River", Netherlands East Indies. Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Ternate, Netherlands East Indies to Singapore, Straits Settlements.[31]
Providence  United Kingdom The smack was driven ashore at Derk Point, County Donegal. She was on a voyage from Londonderry to Donegal. She was refloated with the assistance of the Coastguard.[26]
Stratheden  United Kingdom The barque was wrecked on Middle Cross Sand off Norfolk, England due to negligent navigation. She was on a voyage from Leith, Scotland to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil with coal. The crew were rescued by Caister lifeboat.[32][33]

26 August

[edit]
List of shipwrecks: 26 August 1881
Ship State Description
Adria  United Kingdom The brigantine was wrecked at Bahia, Brazil.[26]
Albert  Germany The schooner was wrecked at Bahia.[26]
Unnamed Flag unknown The brigantine foundered 8 nautical miles (15 km) off the Tuskar Rock with the loss of all hands.[29]

27 August

[edit]
List of shipwrecks: 27 August 1881
Ship State Description
Alphonse Marie  France The ship was driven ashore and wrecked at Seaton Delaval, County Durham, United Kingdom. She was on a voyage from Dunkerque, Nord to Middlesbrough, Yorkshire, United Kingdom.[26]
Condor  Germany The ship foundered at sea. Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Charlestown, Cornwall, United Kingdom to Aalborg, Denmark.[34]
Emanuelle  Malta The ship collided with the transport ship Oise ( French Navy) off Cape Bon, Algeria. At least one of her crew got aboard Oise. Emanuelle was lost sight of 30 minutes later. She was on a voyage from Tripoli, Ottoman Tripolitania to Cardiff, Glamorgan, United Kingdom.[29]
Weif  United Kingdom The fishing smack sprang a leak and foundered in the North Sea. Her crew were rescued by the fishing smack Orphan Girl ( United Kingdom).[29]

29 August

[edit]
List of shipwrecks: 29 August 1881
Ship State Description
Lion  United Kingdom The ketch capsized 3 nautical miles (5.6 km) east of Looe, Cornwall and was wrecked. Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Plymouth, Devon to Penzance, Cornwall.[29]
Sanda  United Kingdom The steamship ran aground in the Clyde near Dalmuir, Dunbartonshire.[29]

30 August

[edit]
List of shipwrecks: 30 August 1881
Ship State Description
City of Richmond  United States The paddle steamer struck a reef south of Mark Island, Maine and sank without loss of life. She later was refloated, rebuilt and returned to service as City of Key West.[35]
Teuton  United Kingdom The steamship struck a rock and sank between Quoin Point and Cape Agulhas, Cape Colony with the loss of 236 lives. There were 36 survivors. Teuton was on a voyage from Cape Town, Cape Colony to the Natal Colony.[36][37][38][39][40]
William Leckie  United Kingdom The ship collided with Viola ( United Kingdom) off the Old Head of Kinsale, County Cork and was severely damaged. She was towed into Queenstown, County Cork and beached.[41]

31 August

[edit]
List of shipwrecks: 31 August 1881
Ship State Description
Augustus, and
Hector
 United Kingdom The steamships collided off the South Foreland, Kent and were both severely damaged. Augustus was on a voyage from New York, United States to Newcastle upon Tyne, Northumberland. She put into Dover, Kent waterlogged at the bow. Hector was on a voyage from London to Penang, Straits Settlements. She put back to London in a severely leaky condition.[41]
Ellida  Norway The barque ran aground off Rügen, Germany. She was on a voyage from Hartlepool, County Durham, United Kingdom to Stralsund, Germany. She was refloated and assisted into Stralsund.[42]
Frey  Sweden The schooner collided with the brig Mathilde ( France) and was severely damaged. Frey was on a voyage from Vestervick to Hartlepool. She put into Copenhagen, Denmark.[41]
Kilmodan  United Kingdom The burning ship was abandoned off Cape Horn, Chile. Her crew were rescued by the barque Penrith ( United Kingdom). Kilmodan was on a voyage from Port Glasgow, Renfrewshire to San Francisco, California, United States.[43]
Mary Jamieson  United Kingdom The schooner ran aground at the mouth of the Rio Grande and was wrecked. Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Cette, Hérault, France to the Rio Grande.[41]

Unknown date

[edit]
List of shipwrecks: Unknown date in August 1881
Ship State Description
Alliance  Norway The barque ran aground at Bordeaux, Gironde, France. She was refloated.[26]
Appin  United Kingdom The steamship struck a sunken rock near "Ujusut", Russia and was beached. She was later refloated and taken into Nicholaieff, Russia, where she arrived on 22 August.[27]
Aren  United Kingdom The barque ran aground at Skellefteå, Sweden. She was on a voyage from Skellefteå to London, United Kingdom. She was refloated and resumed her voyage, but put into Copenhagen, Denmark in a leaky condition on 9 August.[4]
Ashfield  United Kingdom The steamship was driven ashore in Chesapeake Bay. She was on a voyage from Baltimore, Maryland, United States to Calais, France. She was later refloated and resumed her voyage.[26]
Barmore  United Kingdom The steamship ran aground in the Clyde near Dalmuir, Dunbartonshire. She was refloated with the assistance of a tug and taken into Bowling, Dunbartonhire for repairs.[16]
Bedouin  United Kingdom The steamship struck a rock at Louisbourg, Nova Scotia, Canada and was beached. She was on a voyage from New Orleans, Louisiana, United States to Louisbourg.[44]
Catherina  Russia The schooner was wrecked 1 nautical mile (1.9 km) east of St Abb's Head, Berwickshire, United Kingdom. Her four crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Geestemünde to East Wemyss, Fife, United Kingdom.[4]
Coral  United Kingdom The yacht was driven ashore and severely damaged at Beaumaris, Anglesey.[26]
Dora  United Kingdom The barque was wrecked on the Red Bank. Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from the River Thames to the Gambia River.[18]
Dunmore  United Kingdom The steamship was driven ashore at Ballyquintin Point, County Down. She was on a voyage from Plymouth, Devon to Belfast, County Antrim.[27]
Eleanor Jane  United Kingdom The schooner ran aground at Barebäck, Sweden. She was on a voyage from Port Madoc, Caernarfonshire to Stettin, Germany. She was refloated and taken into Copenhagen.[4]
Flensborg  Denmark The barque was wrecked a cyclone in the Pescadores Islands. Her crew were rescued.[41]
Freda  United Kingdom The yacht was driven ashore and severely damaged at Beaumaris.[26]
Granite City  United Kingdom The barque ran aground on the Pollard Spit, in the North Sea off the north Kent coast.[4]
Hadji  United Kingdom The steamship was wrecked on the Blonde Rocks, off Seal Island, Nova Scotia. Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Cow Bay, Nova Scotia to Portland.[26]
Henry and Betsey  United Kingdom The schooner collided with the steamship Ivanhoe ( United Kingdom) and sank off Larne, County Antrim. Henry and Betsey was on a voyage from the Clyde to a port in County Antrim.[19]
Hermione  United Kingdom The brig ran aground on the Peveril Ledge, in the English Channel off the coast of Dorset. She was on a voyage from Newhaven, Sussex to Liverpool, Lancashire. She was later refloated and beached at Swanage, Dorset.[4]
Il Trovatore  United Kingdom The schooner collided with the steamship Palomares ( United Kingdom) and sank in the North Sea off Winterton-on-Sea, Norfolk. Her crew were rescued. Il Trovatore was on a voyage from Leith, Lothian to Rotterdam, south Holland, Netherlands.[19]
Kennaird  United Kingdom The fishing boat collided with the schooner Mary and Catherine ( United Kingdom) and sank in the North Sea with the loss of five of her six crew. The survivor was rescued by Mary and Catherine.[44]
Lionel  United Kingdom The brigantine struck a rock in Chedabucto Bay and was wrecked. Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Plymouth, Devon to Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada.[13][5]
Lisette  Germany The full-rigged ship was driven ashore on Terschelling, Friesland, Netherlands.[16]
Maria  Germany The schooner struck the Braemar Rock. She put into Burntisland, Fife in a waterlogged condition.[29]
Northern Light  United States The wooden barge went aground on the coast of Lake Huron near Harrisville, Michigan, and eventually broke up in 2 feet (0.61 m) of water at 44°39′37″N 83°17′13″W / 44.660267°N 83.286817°W / 44.660267; -83.286817 (Northern Light).[45][46]
Marie  Norway The schooner was driven ashore at Cellardyke, Fife.[27]
Mary Ann  United Kingdom The Thames barge was severely damaged at Wells-next-the-Sea, Norfolk. She was on a voyage from Harwich, Essex to Wells-next-the-Sea.[27]
Mischief  United Kingdom The schooner was driven ashore and wrecked at "Cardenstown". Her crew survived.[26]
Nellie Brett  United States The barque was driven ashore at Shelbourne, Nova Scotia. She was on a voyage from Cádiz, Spain to New York.[19]
Pathfinder  United Kingdom The ship was driven ashore and wrecked at Bootle, Cumberland. Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from the Bull River to Silloth, Cumberland.[26]
Plimsoll  United Kingdom The ship was driven ashore at Saint-Valery-sur-Somme, Somme, France.[41]
Racer Flag unknown The ship was run into by the steamship European ( United Kingdom) and sank in the Atlantic Ocean.[13]
Revolving Light  United Kingdom The full-rigged ship ran aground at Bordeaux. She was on a voyage from Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada to Bordeaux.[26]
Rierino  Austria-Hungary The brig ran aground on the Coloradoes. Her crew survived. She was on a voyage from Santa Cruz de Cuba Captaincy General of Cuba to Bremen, Germany.[4]
Sarah Jane  United Kingdom The schooner was driven ashore at Seascale, Cumberland. Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Bray, County Wicklow to Whitehaven, Cumberland.[26]
Serra  Spain The steamship was severely damaged by fire at New Orleans.[29]
Sisters  United Kingdom The ship foundered in Sand Bay. Her crew survived. She was on a voyage from Lydney, Gloucestershire to Weston-super-Mare, Somerset.[26]
Star of the East  United Kingdom The barque was driven ashore at Bassein, India. She had been refloated by 19 August.[19]
Thalia  Germany The full-rigged ship put into Lisbon, Portugal on fire. She was on a voyage from Hamburg to San Francisco, California, United States.[26]
Thomas Blythe  United Kingdom The barque sank about 500 nautical miles (930 km) off the Isles of Scilly. Her seven crew took to the ship's boat. They were rescued by a Norwegian ship. Thomas Blythe was on a voyage from Samanco, Peru to Liverpool, Lancashirel.[47]
659  Russia The lighter sprang a leak and sank at Cronstadt.[4]
Unnamed fishing vessels  United Kingdom Fifty-eight fishermen from Shetland drowned during a recent storm.[48]
Unnamed  United Kingdom The brig ran aground on the Scroby Sands, Norfolk. She was on a voyage from Hartlepool, County Durham to London. She was refloated and assisted into Great Yarmouth, Norfolk.[13]
Unnamed  France The lighter was run down and sunk in the Gironde by the steamship Dago ( France) with the loss of a crew member.[5]
Two unnamed vessels  Russia The barges were wrecked at Poti, Russia.[27]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f "Latest Shipping Intelligence". The Times. No. 30262. London. 2 August 1881. col F, p. 3.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g "Latest Shipping Intelligence". The Times. No. 30265. London. 5 August 1881. col E, p. 5.
  3. ^ Renno, David (2004). Beachy Head Shipwrecks of the 19th Century. Sevenoaks: Amherst Publishing. p. 321. ISBN 1 903637 20 1.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Latest Shipping Intelligence". The Times. No. 30270. London. 11 August 1881. col C, p. 12.
  5. ^ a b c d e f "Latest Shipping Intelligence". The Times. No. 30273. London. 15 August 1881. col F, p. 10.
  6. ^ "1881". downtothesea.com. Retrieved 29 June 2021.
  7. ^ "Isaac Pereire (+1906)". Wrecksite. Retrieved 27 July 2020.
  8. ^ "Burning of a Steamer". The Times. No. 30268. London. 8 August 1881. col B, p. 10.
  9. ^ "South America". The Times. No. 30290. London. 3 September 1881. col D, p. 5.
  10. ^ "800 Miles in an Open Boat". The Cornishman. No. 173. 3 November 1881. p. 7.
  11. ^ "Disasters at Sea". The Times. No. 30339. London. 31 October 1881. col F, p. 10.
  12. ^ "Supreme Court of Judicature, Court of Appeal". The Times. No. 30491. London. 26 April 1882. col F, p. 5.
  13. ^ a b c d e f "Latest Shipping Intelligence". The Times. No. 30272. London. 13 August 1881. col B, p. 12.
  14. ^ "Court Of Appeal". The Times. No. 30538. London. 20 June 1882. col A, p. 4.
  15. ^ "Probate, Divorce, And Admiralty Division". The Times. No. 30770. London. 17 March 1883. col C, p. 6.
  16. ^ a b c d e f g h "Latest Shipping Intelligence". The Times. No. 30274. London. 16 August 1881. col C, p. 12.
  17. ^ alaskashipwreck.com Alaska Shipwrecks (W)
  18. ^ a b c d e f "Latest Shipping Intelligence". The Times. No. 30277. London. 19 August 1881. col C, p. 12.
  19. ^ a b c d e f g "Latest Shipping Intelligence". The Times. No. 30279. London. 22 August 1881. col F, p. 10.
  20. ^ "Annual report of the Supervising Inspector-general Steamboat-inspection Service, Year ending June 30, 1882". Columbia University. Retrieved 31 January 2020.
  21. ^ "A. B. Ward". chicagology.com. Retrieved 31 January 2020.
  22. ^ "Falmouth". The Cornishman. No. 166. 15 September 1881. p. 4.
  23. ^ "Disasters at Sea". The Times. No. 30297. London. 12 September 1881. col E, p. 6.
  24. ^ "Geographical Notes". Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society. 4. London: Edward Stanford: 544–546. 1882.
  25. ^ "Fragment of 19th century Scottish rum flagon proves Arctic wreck is famous explorer's vessel Eira". Siberian Times. Archived from the original on 23 October 2020. Retrieved 27 June 2022.
  26. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q "Latest Shipping Intelligence". The Times. No. 302785. London. 29 August 1881. col A, p. 10.
  27. ^ a b c d e f "Latest Shipping Intelligence". The Times. No. 302782. London. 25 August 1881. col C, p. 10.
  28. ^ "Latest Shipping Intelligence". The Times. No. 30323. London. 12 October 1881. col C, p. 12.
  29. ^ a b c d e f g h "Latest Shipping Intelligence". The Times. No. 302782. London. 30 August 1881. col B, p. 10.
  30. ^ "Royal National Lifeboat Institution". The Times. No. 30321. London. 11 October 1881. col C, p. 10.
  31. ^ "Latest Shipping Intelligence". The Times. No. 30311. London. 28 September 1881. col C, p. 12.
  32. ^ "Total Loss of the Dundee Barque Stratheden". Dundee Courier & Argus. No. 8770. 27 August 1881. p. 2. Retrieved 8 March 2023 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  33. ^ "No.115. Stratheden" (PDF). Plimsoll. Board of Trade, London. 1 October 1881. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 March 2023. Retrieved 8 March 2023 – via Southampton City Council.
  34. ^ "Latest Shipping Intelligence". The Times. No. 30294. London. 8 September 1881. col D, p. 12.
  35. ^ "City of Richmond". Hunting New England Shipwrecks. Retrieved 30 January 2021.
  36. ^ "Loss Of The Teuton And 236 Lives". The Cornishman. No. 165. 8 September 1881. p. 7.
  37. ^ "Wreck of a Mail Steamer". The Times. No. 30288. London. 1 September 1881. col E, p. 5.
  38. ^ "Union Steamship Company". The Ships List. Retrieved 2 August 2022.
  39. ^ "To the Editor of The Times". The Times. No. 30288. London. 1 September 1881. col E, p. 5.
  40. ^ "The Loss of the Teuton". The Times. No. 30291. London. 5 September 1881. col D-E, p. 6.
  41. ^ a b c d e f "Latest Shipping Intelligence". The Times. No. 30289. London. 2 September 1881. col E, p. 10.
  42. ^ "Latest Shipping Intelligence". The Times. No. 30291. London. 5 September 1881. col C, p. 12.
  43. ^ "Disasters at Sea". The Times. No. 30350. London. 11 November 1881. col E-F, p. 6.
  44. ^ a b "Shipping Disasters". The Times. No. 302782. London. 30 August 1881. col B, p. 8.
  45. ^ "Northern Light". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 17 November 2019.
  46. ^ "Northern Light". Alpena County George N. Fletcher Public Library. Retrieved 17 November 2019.
  47. ^ "St Ives". The Cornishman. No. 162. 18 August 1881. p. 5.
  48. ^ "The Disasters To Scotch Fishermen". The Cornishman. No. 161. 11 August 1881. p. 7.