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SS Oregon (1878)

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SS Oregon in 1900
History
United States
NameOregon
Owner
Route
BuilderDelaware River Iron Ship Building and Engine Works, Chester, Pennsylvania
LaunchedFebruary 1878
In service1878
Out of service1906
FateWrecked 13 September 1906
NotesDeclared a total loss
General characteristics
TypeCoastal passenger/cargo ship
Tonnage2,335 tons[1]
Length283 ft (86 m)[1]
Beam37 ft (11 m)[1]

SS Oregon was a coastal passenger/cargo ship constructed in Chester, Pennsylvania by the Delaware River Iron Ship Building and Engine Works in February 1878.[2][3] Oregon was first employed on the Portland, Oregon to San Francisco, California route along the western coast of the United States. After a series of incidents that damaged the ship's hull and the use of concrete as ballast, the vessel was considered unsuitable for use as a passenger ship and operated solely as a cargo ship. Oregon was laid up from 1894 to 1899 when the vessel became re-certified as a passenger ship. In 1889, Oregon was sank Clan McKenzie in a collision on the Columbia River which killed two people. Oregon then took up service to the District of Alaska where the vessel ran aground at Cape Hinchinbrook on September 13, 1906, and declared a total loss

Construction and career

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Originally delivered to the Oregon Steamship Company in 1878,[4] she was used on the Portland, Oregon to San Francisco, California route for many years.[1] In 1879, the Oregon Railroad and Navigation Company became Oregon's new owners after purchasing the Oregon Steamship Company. Also included in this purchase were the steamships George W. Elder and City of Chester.[4] While in O.R. & N service, Oregon served alongside Columbia, which made the first commercial use of Thomas Edison's incandescent light bulb.[5] Like Oregon, Columbia was also built by John Roach & Sons in Chester, Pennsylvania.[6] Over time, Oregon's hull became breached after a number of incidents. Furthermore, the hull had been weighted with concrete to the point where she was considered unsuitable for service as a passenger liner.[1] After operating as a cargo ship, she was laid up in 1894 at Portland.[3] In 1899, Oregon was re-qualified to carry passengers once more. She was sold by O.R. & N the same year.[7] Despite this, she was viewed as a cursed ship by her crew.[1] On 26 December 1889 she sank Clan McKenzie in a collision in snow on the Columbia River at Coffee Rock 47 miles (76 km) above Astoria, Oregon. Two of Clan McKenzie's crew were killed and one other injured. Oregon's bow was damaged and she drifted ashore. Oregon was later pulled off.[8][9]

The steamship appears as docked In Alaska at the time for the 1900 census.[10]

Oregon was owned by the White Star Steamship Company (not to be confused with the White Star Line) from around 1902 to 1905 .[11] Around this time, Oregon was operating between Alaska and Puget Sound.[3]

On 13 September 1906, Oregon ran aground on the rocky shoreline of Cape Hinchinbrook, Alaska. At the time, there was no active lighthouse at Cape Hinchinbrook, although one was under construction. It is unknown whether poor navigation or reduced visibility caused the wreck. Shortly after the collision, the bottom of the vessel tore open and water began flooding the ship. Oregon became stuck on the rocks without any barrier from the open sea. After crew members began boarding the lifeboats without orders, Captain Horace E. Soule threatened to shoot any man attempting to steal one. This led to the crew obeying all further orders and a small party was sent off in a lifeboat to report the disaster in Valdez, Alaska. When the report of Oregon's wreck reached Valdez, many ships set out to rescue the passengers and crew. Remarkably, all 110 remaining people on board Oregon were rescued by the revenue cutter USRC Columbine. Oregon however, was reported as a total loss.[1]

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g Pocock, Michael W. (2010). "Daily Event for September 13, 2010". MaritimeQuest. Retrieved 17 August 2013.
  2. ^ Colton, Tim (4 August 2010). "The Delaware River Iron Shipbuilding & Engine Works, Chester PA". Shipbuilding History: Construction records of U.S. and Canadian shipbuilders and boatbuilders. Archived from the original on 10 May 2012. Retrieved 8 September 2013.
  3. ^ a b c "Steamship OREGON in the ice at Nome, June 11, 1904". University of Washington Libraries. 2001 [11 June 1904]. Retrieved 17 August 2013.
  4. ^ a b "The Railway World, Volume 5". Reprinted. United States Railroad and Mining Register Company. 1879. p. 734. Retrieved 13 September 2013.
  5. ^ Jehl, Francis Menlo Park reminiscences : written in Edison's restored Menlo Park laboratory, Henry Ford Museum and Greenfield Village, Whitefish, Mass, Kessinger Publishing, 1 July 2002, page 564
  6. ^ Belyk, Robert C. Great Shipwrecks of the Pacific Coast. New York: Wiley, 2001. Print.ISBN 0-471-38420-8
  7. ^ "May run to Cape Nome - San Francisco Call, Volume 86, Number 161". Archive. California Digital Newspaper Collection. 8 November 1899. p. 9. Retrieved 22 August 2013.
  8. ^ "Annual report of the Supervising Inspector-general Steamboat-inspection Service, Year ending June 30, 1890". Columbia University. Retrieved 12 February 2020.
  9. ^ "Sacramento Daily Record, December 28, 1889". Columbia University. 28 December 1889. Retrieved 12 February 2020.
  10. ^ "[Index (soundex) to the population schedules of the twelfth census of the United States, 1900 Alaska] [microform]".
  11. ^ Unknown (2001). "S.S. OREGON, with logo of White Star Steamship Co. on funnel, n.d." University of Washington Libraries. Retrieved 17 August 2013.
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