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List of wars involving Armenia

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This is a list of wars involving Armenia and its predecessor states. The list gives the name, the date, the combatants, and the result of these conflicts following this legend:

  Armenian victory
  Defeat
  Another result (e.g. a treaty or peace without a clear result,
status quo ante Bellum, result of civil or internal conflict, result unknown or indecisive)
  Ongoing conflict

Kingdom of Armenia (331 BC–428 AD)

Kingdom of Armenia (331 BC–428 AD)

Conflict Armenian side (and allies) Opponent Results Notable battles
Campaigns of Artaxias I
(189–165 BCE)
Kingdom of Armenia
Kingdom of Sophene
Atropatene
Kingdom of Cataonia
Kingdom of Pontus
Lesser Armenia
Kingdom of Iberia
Victory
  • Atropatene comes under Artaxias's zone of influence.[citation needed]
  • Armenia conquers the regions of Karenitis, Derksen, Akilisene and Antitaurus.[citation needed]
Seleucid-Armenian War
(168–165 BCE)[citation needed]
Kingdom of Armenia
Kingdom of Sophene
Seleucid Empire Victory
Armenian-Iberian War
(168–165 BCE)[1][failed verification][2]
Kingdom of Armenia Kingdom of Iberia
Kingdom of Alania
Compromise[citation needed]
  • Artaxias I's general and son Zariadres captured, would be released on the following terms:
  • Javakheti, Ardahan, and the Fortress of Demotistsikhe would be ceded to Iberia
  • A defensive alliance between Armenia and Iberia would be formed
Armenia invaded by Parthian Empire
(120–100 BCE?)
Kingdom of Armenia Parthian Empire
Atropatene
Defeat
  • Territorial gains for Parthia
  • Tigranes II given as a hostage to Parthian court
Military campaigns of Tigranes the Great
(95–78 BCE)
Kingdom of Armenia Atropatene Victory
Third Mithridatic War (73–66 BC)[citation needed]
Kingdom of Armenia
Kingdom of Pontus
Roman Republic Defeat
  • Pontus is divided up: one part becomes a client state of Rome, the other a Roman province.[4]
  • Armenia becomes a client kingdom of Rome.[5]
  • Tigranacerta destroyed in 69 bc.[6]
Iberian–Armenian War
(50–53 AD)
Kingdom of Armenia Kingdom of Iberia Victory
Roman–Parthian War of 58–63 Kingdom of Armenia
Parthian Empire
Roman Empire
Sophene
Lesser Armenia
Kingdom of Iberia
Commagene
Kingdom of Pontus
Victory
Ardashir I invasion of Armenia
(226–238)[citation needed]
Kingdom of Armenia Sasanian Empire Victory
  • After twelve years of fighting against Tiridates II, Ardashir I withdrew his army and left Armenia.
  • Tiridates II strengthen his positions in Middle East

Umayyad Caliphate (661–750) and Abbasid Caliphate (750–1258, 1261–1517)

Conflict Armenian side (and allies) Opponent Results
Battle of Vardanakert (702 - 703) Arminiya Umayyad Caliphate Victory
  • Armenian victory
Battle of Bagrevand (25 April 775) Armenian princes Abbasid Caliphate Defeated
  • Decisive Abbasid victory
Battle of Sevan (921) (part of Arab–Byzantine wars) Bagratid Armenia Sajid dynasty Armenian victory

Armenian Principality of Cilicia (1080–1198) and Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia (1198–1375)

Armenian Principality of Cilicia (1080–1198)
Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia (1198–1375)
Conflict Armenian side (and allies) Opponent Results
First Crusade
(1096–1099)
Holy Roman Empire
Kingdom of France
Duchy of Apulia
Byzantine Empire
Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia
Great Seljuq Empire
Danishmends
Fatimids
Almoravids
Abbasids
Victory
Second Crusade
(1145–1149)
Kingdom of Jerusalem
County of Tripoli
Principality of Antioch
Kingdom of France
Holy Roman Empire
Kingdom of Portugal
Kingdom of Castile
County of Barcelona
Kingdom of León
Kingdom of Denmark
Byzantine Empire
Kingdom of Cilicia
Kingdom of England
Kingdom of Poland
Seljuq Sultanate
Almoravids
Almohads
Zengids
Abbasids
Fatimids
Defeat in Anatolia


Victory in Iberia

Armenian–Byzantine wars
(1151–1168)
Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia Byzantine Empire Victory
  • Armenians inflicted a heavy defeat to the Byzantine army in the battle of Mamistra
  • The Byzantine Empire abandoned its pretensions to the Armenian state[citation needed]
War with Antioch
(1156)
Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia Principality of Antioch

Supported by:
Byzantine Empire

Compromise[citation needed]
  • After a short battle near Alexendretta, Raynald of Châtillon was forced to return home, covered with humiliation
  • Thoros voluntarily surrendered to the Temlpars the fortresses in question, and the Knights took an oath “to assist the Armenians on all occasions where they needed help.”
  • Having secured the land he wanted, Raynald demanded his subsidies from the emperor who refused them, pointing out that the main task had yet to be done. Raynald quickly sided with Thoros and conspired to attack Cyprus
Third Crusade
(1189–1192)
Holy Roman Empire
Kingdom of England
Kingdom of France
Crusader States

Military Orders
Kingdom of Cilician Armenia
Kingdom of Hungary
Republic of Genoa
Republic of Pisa

Ayyubid Sultanate

Sultanate of Rûm


Nizari Ismaili:
Christian opponents:
Victory
  • Treaty of Jaffa, the result of Crusader military victories and successful sieges.
Ninth Crusade
(1271–1272)
Kingdom of France
Kingdom of Cyprus
Kingdom of England
Kingdom of Cilicia
Mamluks Defeat

Safavid dynasty (1501 - 1736)

Conflict Armenian side (and allies) Opponent Results
Battle of Yeghevārd (19 June 1735) (part of Caucasus Campaign and Campaigns of Nader Shah) Safavid Iran Ottoman Empire Persian victory

Qajar Iran (1789–1925)

Conflict Armenian side (and allies) Opponent Result Notable battles
Russo-Persian War (1804–1813) Qajar Iran Russian Empire
Russo-Persian War (1826–1828) Capture of Erivan (1 October 1827) - Russian victory

Ottoman Armenia

Conflict Armenian side (and allies) Result Notable battles
Russo-Turkish War (1806–1812) Ottoman Empire Russian victory Battle of Arpachai (18 June 1807) - Russian victory

Armenian national–liberation movement (18th century–1918)

Conflict Armenian side (and allies) Opponent Results
Persian Campaign
(1914-1918)
Russian Empire Russian Empire (1914-1917)

British Empire British Empire
Assyrian volunteers

Ottoman Empire Ottoman Empire
Qajar Iran Qajar Iran
Victory

First Republic of Armenia (1918–1920)

Conflict Armenian side (and allies) Opponent Results Notable battles
Caucasus Campaign
(World War I)

(1918)
Armenia Armenian National Council  Ottoman Empire Armistice
Armenian–Azerbaijani War
(1918–1920)
Armenia First Republic of Armenia Azerbaijan Azerbaijan Indecisive
Georgian–Armenian War
(1918)
Armenia First Republic of Armenia  Georgia Inconclusive
  • Armenia gains the province of Lori.
  • With the intervention of Great Britain, a truce was concluded between Armenia and Georgia.
Turkish–Armenian War/Soviet invasion of Armenia
(1920)
Armenia First Republic of Armenia Turkey
 Russian SFSR
Defeat

Soviet Social Republic of Armenia (1920–1991)

Conflict Armenian side (and allies) Opponent Results
World War II
(1939–1945)
 Soviet Union Germany Victory

Republic of Armenia (1991– present day)

Conflict Armenian side (and allies) Opponent Results
First Nagorno-Karabakh War
(1988–1994)
 Armenia
 Nagorno-Karabakh
 Azerbaijan Victory
Armenian victory[7]
2016 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict[citation needed]  Armenia
 Nagorno-Karabakh
 Azerbaijan
Inconclusive
Inconclusive (see aftermath)
  • Azerbaijan claims victory[8][9]
  • Armenia claims to have successfully repelled the Azerbaijani offensive[10][11]
Second Nagorno-Karabakh war
(2020)
 Armenia
 Artsakh
 Azerbaijan Defeat
Azerbaijani victory[12][13]

See also

References

  1. ^ Moses, of Khoren, activeth century (1978). History of the Armenians. Robert W. Thomson. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. pp. 185–187, 193–196. ISBN 0-674-39571-9. OCLC 3168093.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  2. ^ The Georgian chronicles of Kʻartʻlis Cʻxovreba (A History of Georgia) : translated and with commentary. Stephen Jones, Roin Metreveli, Sakʿartʿvelos mecʿnierebatʿa akademia. Komissii︠a︡ po istochnikam istorii Gruzii. Tʻbilisi. 2014. pp. 31–34. ISBN 978-9941-445-52-1. OCLC 883445390.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: others (link)
  3. ^ Garsoian, Nina (2005). "Tigran II". Encyclopaedia Iranica.
  4. ^ McGing, B. C. (1986). The Foreign Policy of Mithridates VI Eupator, King of Pontus. Brill. p. 166.
  5. ^ Patterson, Lee E. (2015). "Antony and Armenia". TAPA. 145 (1 (Spring)). The Johns Hopkins University Press: 77.
  6. ^ Edwell, Peter (2021). Rome and Persia at War: Imperial Competition and Contact, 193–363 CE. Routledge. p. 11.
  7. ^ "World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples – Armenia". Refworld. Minority Rights Group International. 2007. Archived from the original on 22 April 2016. Retrieved 12 April 2016. The war ended at Ceasefire Agreement in 1994, with the Armenians of Karabakh (supported by Armenia) taking control not only of Nagorny Karabakh itself but also occupying in whole or in part seven regions of Azerbaijan surrounding the former NKAO.
  8. ^ "The Nagorny Karabakh Conflict: Defaulting to War". chathamhouse.org. Chatham House. 11 July 2016. Archived from the original on 5 August 2020. Retrieved 21 April 2019. Azerbaijan presents its operations of 2–5 April 2016 as a tactical victory and psychological breakthrough.
  9. ^ Jardine, Bradley (April 2, 2018). "Armenians and Azerbaijanis commemorate two years since breakout of "April War"". EurasiaNet. Archived from the original on 5 August 2020. Retrieved 5 August 2020. President Ilham Aliyev, for his part, posted an image on Instagram of himself wearing military fatigues with the caption, "The April War was our glorious historical victory."
  10. ^ "President Serzh Sargsyan invited a meeting of the National Security Council". president.am. Office to the President of Armenia. 12 April 2016. Archived from the original on 5 August 2020. Retrieved 5 August 2020. ....It was noted that during the military actions unleashed by Azerbaijan, the RA Armed Forces fulfilled their task. The NKR Defence Army was victorious in thwarting Azerbaijani aggression and frustrating its plans.
  11. ^ Aslanian, Karlen; Movsisian, Hovannes (April 5, 2016). "Azeri Offensive In Karabakh Failed, Says Sarkisian". azatutyun.am. RFE/RL. Archived from the original on 5 August 2020. Retrieved 5 August 2020.
  12. ^ "'One nation, two states' on display as Erdogan visits Azerbaijan for Karabakh victory parade". France24. 10 December 2020. Azerbaijan's historic win was an important geopolitical coup for Erdogan who has cemented Turkey's leading role as a powerbroker in the ex-Soviet Caucasus region.
  13. ^ "Armenia, Azerbaijan and Russia sign Nagorno-Karabakh peace deal". BBC. 10 November 2020. The BBC's Orla Guerin in Baku says that, overall, the deal should be read as a victory for Azerbaijan and a defeat for Armenia.