List of wars involving Kazakhstan

This is a list of wars involving Republic of Kazakhstan, Kazakh and the predecessor states of Kazakhstan to the present day. It also includes wars fought outside Kazakhstan by the Kazakh military.

Legends of results:

Victory

Defeat

Stalemate

Internal civil war

Ongoing war

Kazakh Khanate

First Kazakh-Uzbek War

Kazakh Khanate was established by Janibek Khan and Kerei Khan in 1465. Both khans came from Turco-Mongol clan of Tore which traces its lineage to Genghis Khan through dynasty of Jochids. The Tore clan continued to rule the khanate until its fall to the Russian Empire.

From 16th to 17th century, the Kazakh Khanate ruled and expanded its territories to eastern Cumania (modern-day West Kazakhstan), to most of Uzbekistan, Karakalpakstan and the Syr Darya river with military confrontation as far as Astrakhan and Khorasan Province, which are now in Russia and Iran, respectively. The Khanate was later weakened by a series of Oirat and Dzungar invasions. These resulted in a decline and further disintegration into three Juzes, which gradually lost their sovereignty and were incorporated to the expanding Russian Empire in the 19th century.

Date	Conflict	Combatant I	Combatant II	Result for Kazakhstan	Khan/Leader
1468–1500	Kazakh War of Independence	Kazakh Khanate Timurid Empire Khanate of Sibir	Uzbek Khanate Nogai Horde Western Moghulistan	Victory Kazakhs maintain independence from the Uzbek Khanate	Kerei Khan Janibek Khan Burunduk Khan
1509–1510	Third invasion of the Kazakh Khanate (1509–1510)	Kazakh Khanate	Khanate of Bukhara	Victory	Kasym Khan
1515–1521	Kazakh-Nogai War (1515-1521)	Kazakh Khanate	Nogai Horde	Victory	Kasym Khan
1522–1538	First Kazakh Khanate Civil War	Kazakhs	Kazakhs	Victory for Haqnazar Khan	Haqnazar Khan
1577	Kazakh-Nogai War^[1]	Kazakh Khanate	Nogai Horde	Victory	Haqnazar Khan Kasym Khan Haqnazar Khan Togym Khan
1598	Kazakh invasion of Northern Bukhara^[2]	Kazakh Khanate	Khanate of Bukhara	Victory Kazakhs conquered Tashkent, Samarkand^[3] and Turkestan^[4] but failed to conquer Bukhara	Tauekel khan^{[citation needed]}
1643–1756	Kazakh–Dzungar Wars Battle of Orbulaq Battle of Añyraqai	Kazakh Khanate	Dzungar Khanate Kalmyk Khanate	Victory Dzungar genocide Destruction of the Dzungar Khanate	Salqam Jangir Khan Bahadur Khan Tauke Khan Qaiyp Khan Bolat Khan Abulmambet Khan Ablai Khan

Russian conquest of Central Asia

Date	Conflict	Combatant I	Combatant II	Result for Kazakhstan	Khan/Leader
1825-1836	Uprising of Sarzhan Kasymov	Kazakh rebels Kokand Khanate (1834-1835)	Russian Empire Kokand Khanate (1832, 1836)	Defeat Uprising suppressed Uprising continued under the leadership of Kenesary Qasymov	Sarzhan Kasymuly Yesengeldy Kasymov Kasym Sultan Kenesary Qasymov Agatay Kasymov Nauryzbay Kasymov Bopai Kasymova
1836-1837	Uprising of Isatay Taimanov	Kazakh rebels	Russian Empire Bukey Horde	Defeat Uprising suppressed	Isatay Taymanuly Makhambet Otemisuly
1837-1847	Kenesary's Rebellion Rytov's caravan interception Siege of Akmola Fortress June raid on Aktau Fortress	Kazakh Khanate supported by: Khanate of Khiva Emirate of Bukhara	Russian Empire supported by: Kokand Khanate	Defeat Uprising suppressed Fall of the Kazakh Khanate	Kenesary Qasymov
1840-1846	Kokand campaigns of Kenesary Qasymov	Kazakh Khanate Emirate of Bukhara	Khanate of Kokand	Victory Raids succeed	Kenesary Qasymov
1843-1851	Zhankozha Nurmukhamedov's struggle against Khiva and Kokand Vishnevsky's punitive campaign	Russian Empire Kazakh Khanate (until 1847) Syr Darya Kazakhs	Khanate of Khiva Khanate of Kokand	Victory Overthrow of the Kokand yoke in the Ak-Mechet areas Cessation of the Khiva invasions into the Kazakh steppe Beginning of the Russian Conquest of Kokand	Zhankozha Nurmuhamedov

Kazakhstan under Russian occupation

Date	Conflict	Combatant I	Combatant II	Result for Kazakhstan	Khan/Leader
1856-1860	Zhankozha Nurmukhamedov's Uprising	Kazakh Rebels	Russian Empire	Defeat Uprising suppressed	Zhankozha Nurmuhamedov
1850-1868	Russian conquest of Kokand Khanate	Russian Empire Pro-russian Kazakhs Pro-russian Kyrgyz people	Khanate of Kokand Kyrgyz Khanate	Victory Russians conquered Tashkent and South Kazakhstan	Suranshy Batyr
1868-1869	Uprising in Ural and Turgay oblasts	Kazakh rebels	Russian Empire	Defeat Uprising suppressed	Bergen Kospanov Seil Turkebaev Kuspai Aibasov Mambetali Kanaly Aryslanuly
1870	Adai rebellion Expedition of Rukin Siege of Alexandrovsky fort Battle of the Cape Chagrai	Aday tribe rebels supported by Khanate of Khiva	Russian Empire	Defeat Uprising suppressed	Dosan Tazhiev Isa Tlenbaev Erzhan Kulov Ermembet Kulov Kutzhan Orakov
1916	Central Asian revolt of 1916	Turkic tribes Kazakh tribes Kyrgyz rebels supported by: Ottoman Empire Small number of escaped POW volunteers	Russian Empire supported by: Emirate of Bukhara	Defeat Uprising suppressed	Amankeldı İmanov Äbdiğapar Janbosynūly Älıbi Jangeldin
1916-1917	Turgay rebellion	Kazakh Turgay Rebels	Russian Empire	Victory Beginning of the February Revolution in Kazakhstan Overthrow of the monarchy in Kazakhstan Capture of Turgay	Amankeldı İmanov Älıbi Jangeldin Keiki-batyr

Alash–Orda (1917–1920)

Kazakhs, tired of almost a century of Russian colonization, started to rise up. In the 1870s–80s, schools in Kazakhstan massively started to open, which developed elite, future Kazakh members of the Alash party. In 1916, after conscription of Muslims into the military for service in the Eastern Front during World War I, Kazakhs and Kyrgyzs rose up against the Russian government, with uprisings until February 1917.

The state was proclaimed during the Second All-Kazakh Congress held at Orenburg from 5–13 December 1917 OS (18–26 NS), with a provisional government being established under the oversight of Alikhan Bukeikhanov. However, the nation's purported territory was still under the de facto control of the region's Russian-appointed governor, Vassily Balabanov, until 1919. In 1920, he fled the Russian Red Army for self-imposed exile in China, where he was recognised by the Chinese as Kazakhstan's legitimate ruler.

Following its proclamation in December 1917, Alash leaders established the Alash Orda, a Kazakh government which was aligned with the White Army and fought against the Bolsheviks in the Russian Civil War. In 1919, when the White forces were losing, the Alash Autonomous government began negotiations with the Bolsheviks. By 1920, the Bolsheviks had defeated the White Russian forces in the region and occupied Kazakhstan. On 17 August 1920, the Soviet government established the Kirghiz Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic, which in 1925 changed its name to Kazakh Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic, and finally to Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic in 1936.

Date	Battle	Combatant I	Combatant II	Result for Kazakhstan	Leader
1918-1922	Russian Civil War in Central Asia Semirechye Front^[5] Defence of Uralsk Uralsk-Guryev operation	Alash-Orda Alash Militia White Army (until 1919) RSFSR (from 1919)	RSFSR (until 1919) White Army (from 1919)	Inconclusive Kazakhstan becomes a Kazakh Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic Alash-Orda ceases to exist	Alikhan Bukeikhanov Zhakhansha Dosmukhamedov

USSR

During most of the XXth century Kazakhstan was a soviet republic within USSR, participating in the wars USSR took a part in.

Republic of Kazakhstan (1991–present)

Kazakhstan was the last of the Soviet republics to declare independence during the dissolution of the Soviet Union from 1988 to 1991.

Date	Conflict	Combatant I	Combatant II	Result for Kazakhstan	President of Kazakhstan
1992–1997	Tajikistani Civil War	CSTO Kazakhstan	United Tajik Opposition Jamiat-e Islami (until 1996) Afghanistan (until 1996) Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin (until 1996) Taliban factions	Military stalemale United Nations-sponsored armistice Comprehensive Peace Agreement signed Rahmon wins the 1999 Tajik presidential election The United Tajik Opposition is promised 30 percent of the ministerial positions	Nursultan Nazarbayev
1996–2001	Afghan Civil War	Kazakhstan Islamic State of Afghanistan	Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan al-Qaeda Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan East Turkistan Islamic Party Tanzeem-e-Nifaz-e-Shariat-e-Mohammadi Pakistan	Military stalemale Continued clashes until the US-led invasion of Afghanistan Taliban control up to 85% of Afghanistan including the capital Kabul Civil war continues	Nursultan Nazarbayev
2002–present	Operation Enduring Freedom - Horn of Africa^{[citation needed]}	Kazakhstan NATO	Insurgents: Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (from 2015) al-Qaeda (from 2002) Al-Shabaab (from 2006) al-Itihaad al-Islamiya (2002–06) Hizbul Islam (2009–14) Ras Kamboni Brigades (2007–10) Jabhatul Islamiya (2007–09) Mu'askar Anole (2007–09)	Ongoing 21 high level Al-Shabaab leaders killed^[6]	Nursultan Nazarbayev Kassym-Jomart Tokayev
2003–2011	Iraq War	Kazakhstan United States MNF–I United Kingdom New Iraqi government Iraqi Kurdistan	Iraq (2003)	Victory Overthrow of Saddam Hussein	Nursultan Nazarbayev

References

^ Isin, A. (2002). Restoration of Kazakh-Russian relations and relations between the Kazakh and Nogai states in the 70s of the 16th century (in Russian). Semipalatinsk: Tengri. pp. 103–104. ISBN 9965492298.
^ Keller, Shoshana (2020). Russia and Central Asia: Coexistence, Conquest, Convergence. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. ISBN 9781487594343.
^ Baumer, Christoph (2018). History of Central Asia, The: 4-volume Set. London: Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 9781838608682.
^ Kundakbayeva, Zhanar (2022). The History of Kazakhstan from the Earliest Period to the Present Time. Volume I. Almaty: LitRes. ISBN 9785040888788.
^ М. Ивлев. Гибель Семиреченского казачьего войска (1917–20 гг.) //Альманах «Белая гвардия», № 8. Казачество России в Белом движении. М.: «Посев», стр. 225–235 [1]
^ "Somalia Leaders Killed". New America Foundation. Washington, D.C. 19 May 2016.

[1] Isin, A. (2002). Restoration of Kazakh-Russian relations and relations between the Kazakh and Nogai states in the 70s of the 16th century (in Russian). Semipalatinsk: Tengri. pp. 103–104. ISBN 9965492298.

[2] Keller, Shoshana (2020). Russia and Central Asia: Coexistence, Conquest, Convergence. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. ISBN 9781487594343.

[3] Baumer, Christoph (2018). History of Central Asia, The: 4-volume Set. London: Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 9781838608682.

[4] Kundakbayeva, Zhanar (2022). The History of Kazakhstan from the Earliest Period to the Present Time. Volume I. Almaty: LitRes. ISBN 9785040888788.

[5] М. Ивлев. Гибель Семиреченского казачьего войска (1917–20 гг.) //Альманах «Белая гвардия», № 8. Казачество России в Белом движении. М.: «Посев», стр. 225–235 [1]

[6] "Somalia Leaders Killed". New America Foundation. Washington, D.C. 19 May 2016.

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