List of wars involving Germany
 | This section needs additional citations for verification. (April 2023) |
This is a list of wars involving Germany from 962. It includes the Holy Roman Empire, Confederation of the Rhine, the German Confederation, the North German Confederation, the German Empire, the Weimar Republic, Nazi Germany, the German Democratic Republic (DDR, "East Germany") and the present Federal Republic of Germany (BRD, until German reunification in 1990 known as "West Germany").
- before 962 List of wars involving Francia
- Victory of Germany (and allies)
- Defeat of Germany (and allies)
- Another result*
*e.g. result unknown or indecisive/inconclusive, result of internal conflict inside Germany, status quo ante bellum, or a treaty or peace without a clear result.
Holy Roman Empire (962–1806)
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Confederation of the Rhine (1806–1813)
[edit]| Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Result | Protector |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| War of the Fourth Coalition
(1806-1807) |
 France
|
Fourth Coalition:' | Victory
|
Napoleon I |
| Peninsular War
(1808-1814) |
|
Defeat
|
Napoleon I | |
| War of the Fifth Coalition
(1809) |
France
|
Fifth Coalition:
Rebel groups
|
Victory
|
Napoleon I |
| French Invasion of Russia
(1812) |
France'
French allies: |
 Russia
|
Defeat | Napoleon I |
| War of the Sixth Coalition
(1813-1814) |
Original coalition
After the Armistice of Pläswitz After the Battle of Leipzig After 20 November 1813 After January 1814 |
France
Until January 1814
Co-belligerent:
|
Victory
Confederation of the Rhine dissolved German states and Austria unite to form the German Confederation Netherlands gains independence Norway ceded to The King of Sweden |
Napoleon I |
German Confederation (1815–1866)
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North German Confederation (1867–1870/71)
[edit]| Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Result | Chancellor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Franco-Prussian War
(1870–1871) |
 North German Confederation
(after 18 January 1871) |
 French Third Republic (Government of National Defense)
|
Victory
|
Wilhelm I |
Post-unification (1871–present)
[edit]German Empire (1871–1918)
[edit]| Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Result | Reichskanzler (Imperial chancellor) | German losses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nauruan Civil War (1878–1888) |
Supporters of King Aweida Germany
|
Anti-Aweida Rebels | Victory
|
?
| |
| First Samoan Civil War (1886–1894) |
 Supporters of Laupepa Germany
|
Supporters of Mata'afa
|
Compromise
|
16 dead[13][full citation needed]
| |
| Abushiri Revolt (1888–1889) |
Germany United Kingdom
|
Arab Rebels led by al-Harthi | Victory
|
?
| |
| Hehe Rebellion (1891–1898) |
Germany
|
Hehe | Victory
|
?
| |
| Bafut Wars (1891–1907) |
Germany
|
Fondom of Bafut | Victory
|
?
| |
| Battle of Adibo (1896) |
Germany
|
Dagbaŋ | Victory | ?
| |
| Cretan Revolt (1897–1898) |
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|
 Ottoman Empire
|
Victory
|
?
| |
| Second Samoan Civil War (1898–1899) |
Supporters of Mata'afa Germany
|
 Supporters of Tanumafili I United States United Kingdom
|
Compromise | ?
| |
| Boxer Rebellion (1899–1901) |
 Russia Japan United Kingdom France United States Germany Austria-Hungary Italy
|
 Yihetuan Movement China
|
Victory
|
?
| |
| Adamawa Wars (1899–1907) |
Germany United Kingdom
|
 Sokoto Caliphate Mahdist rebels
|
Victory
|
?
| |
| Venezuelan Crisis (1902–1903) |
United Kingdom Germany Italy
|
 Venezuela
|
Compromise
|
?
| |
| Kavango Uprising[14] (1903) |
German Empire
|
Kavango rebels | Victory
|
?
| |
| Herero Wars (1904–1908) |
Germany
|
Herero Namaqua |
Victory | 1,541 dead[15]
| |
| Maji Maji Rebellion (1905–1908) |
Germany
|
Qadiriyya Brotherhood Matumbi Ngoni Yao |
Victory
|
397 dead[16]
| |
| Sokehs Rebellion (1910–1911) |
Germany
|
Sokehs tribe | Victory
|
5 dead[17]
| |
| World War I (1914–1918) |
Germany Austria-Hungary Ottoman Empire Bulgaria
|
France United Kingdom Russia (withdrew) United States Italy Canada Australia New Zealand India South Africa Serbia Montenegro Belgium Romania Greece Portugal Brazil Nepal Japan China Siam Hejaz
|
Defeat
|
2,198,420 to
2,800,720 dead[18] | |
| Finnish Civil War
(1918) |
|
Victory
|
450–500 killed in action
| ||
| Ukrainian War of Independence
(1917–1921) |
Victory
(The Bolsheviks were forced out of Ukraine as long as Germany was stationed there) |
?
|
Weimar Republic (1918–1933)
[edit]| Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Result | Reichskanzler | German losses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| German Revolution (1918–1919) |
Germany
|
 Revolutionaries
|
Government victory
|
?
| |
| Greater Poland Uprising (1918–1919) |
Germany
|
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|
Defeat
|
?
| |
| Lithuanian–Soviet War
(1918–1919) |
Victory | ?
| |||
| First Silesian Uprising (1919) |
 Weimar Republic
|
POW-GS
|
Victory
|
?
| |
| Kapp Putsch
(1920) |
Weimar Republic
|
 Putschists
|
Government victory
|
?
| |
| Ruhr Uprising (1920) |
Weimar Republic
|
Ruhr Red Army
|
Government victory
|
1,600+
(Both combatants) | |
| Second Silesian Uprising (1920) |
Weimar Republic
|
POW-GS
|
League of Nations ceasefire
|
?
| |
| March Action
(1921) |
Weimar Republic
|
 Communist Party Communist Workers Party
|
Government victory | 31 police officers dead
| |
| Third Silesian Uprising (1921) |
Weimar Republic
|
POW-GS
|
League of Nations ceasefire
|
?
| |
| Hamburg Uprising
(1923) |
Weimar Republic
|
Communist Party of Germany
|
Government victory | 17 dead, 61 civilians dead
| |
| Beer Hall Putsch
(1923) |
Weimar Republic
|
 Kampfbund
|
Government victory | 4 police officers dead, 1 civilian dead
|
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Nazi Germany (1933–1945)
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East Germany (1949–1990)
[edit]| Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Result | Leadership of East Germany | German losses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| East German uprising of 1953 (1953) |
Demonstrators |
Victory | 5 police killed
|
Federal Republic of Germany (1949–present)
[edit]| Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Result | Bundeskanzler (Federal Chancellor) | German losses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gulf War
(1990–1991) |
Coalition:
|
 Iraq
|
Victory
|
?
| |
| Operation Deliberate Force (1995) |
 NATO
|
 Republika Srpska
|
Victory | None
| |
| Operation Allied Force (1999) |
NATO
|
 FR Yugoslavia
|
Victory
|
None
| |
| War in Afghanistan (2001–2021) |
 Afghanistan ISAF
|
 Taliban al-Qaeda
|
Taliban victory
|
59 dead[24]
| |
| War on ISIL (2015–present) |
 Iraq Iraqi Kurdistan Syrian Kurdistan CJTF–OIR
|
 ISIL al-Qaeda
|
Ongoing
|
See below[j]
| |
| Mali War (2017–2023) |
 Mali MINUSMA
|
 al-Qaeda
|
Compromise
|
2 dead[25]
|
Notes
[edit]- ^ States that allied at some point between 1618 and 1635
- ^ States that fought against the Emperor at some point between 1618 and 1635
- ^ The Dutch Brigade
- ^ a b c d e Mikaberidze 2020, p. 309 states that the contributions of coalition members aside from Austria were "rather nominal". Englund 2004, p. 345 writes that "the only real coalition to be mounted in this nominal fifth war of that name was the coalition France created against unhappy Austria; it included the key German States and Italy."
- ^ in rebellion against the Confederation of the Rhine
- ^ in rebellion against Bavaria
- ^ in rebellion against France in Illyria
- ^ in rebellion against the Kingdom of Italy
- ^ Duchy of Warsaw as a state was in effect fully occupied by Russian and Prussian forces by May 1813, although most Poles remained loyal to Napoleon.
- ^ No German soldiers have been killed by ISIS, however, many German civilians have been killed in terror attacks claimed by ISIS. For details, see Islamic terrorism in Europe
References
[edit]- ^ Angelov, Dimiter (2019). The Byzantine Hellene: The Life of Emperor Theodore Laskaris and Byzantium in the Thirteenth Century. Cambridge University Press. p.89.
- ^ Byrne, Philippa (19 March 2023). "Translating German Emperors: A Staufen–Sicilian Synthesis under Henry VI?". The German Quarterly. 96 (2): 163–179. doi:10.1111/gequ.12333 – via CrossRef.
- ^ a b "Duitsland §6. Geschiedenis". Encarta Encyclopedie Winkler Prins (in Dutch). Microsoft Corporation/Het Spectrum. 2002.
- ^ Croxton 2013, pp. 225–226.
- ^ a b Heitz & Rischer 1995, p. 232.
- ^ Clark, Samuel (1995). State and Status: The Rise of the State and Aristocratic Power in Western Europe. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press. p. 65. ISBN 9780773512269.
- ^ Zamoyski 2004, p. 87.
- ^ Christian Wilhelm von Faber du Faur, Campagne de Russie 1812: d'après le journal illustré d'un témoin oculaire, éditions Flammarion, 1812, 319 pages, p. 313.
- ^ Eugène Labaume, Relation circonstanciée de la Campagne de Russie en 1812 Archived 2023-01-07 at the Wayback Machine, éditions Panckoucke-Magimel, 1815, pp. 453–54.
- ^ a b c Chandler 1981, p. 181.
- ^ Hofschroer 2006, pp. 82, 83.
- ^ Hervé de Weck: Franche-Comté expedition in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland, 8 May 2007.
- ^ Hempestall & Mochida, p. 54
- ^ "Uprisings against the German/South African Colonial Power". klausdierks.com.
- ^ Bridgman, Jon M. (1966) Revolt of the Hereros University of California Press. p. 164 (KIA: 676, MIA:76, WIA: 907, died from disease: 689, civilians: 100)
- ^ Gellately, Robert; Ben Kiernan (2003). The Specter of Genocide: Mass Murder in Historical Perspective. Published by Cambridge University Press. p. 161. ISBN 0-521-52750-3.
- ^ van der Vat, Dan. Gentlemen of War, The Amazing Story of Captain Karl von Müller and the SMS Emden. New York: William Morrow and Company, Inc. 1984, p. 19
- ^ See World War I casualties
- ^ Including conspirative co-operation between Germany and Russian Bolsheviks 1914–1918, Pipes 1996, pp. 113–149, Lackman 2009, pp. 48–57, McMeekin 2017, pp. 125–136
- ^ Thomas, Hugh (2003) [1961, 1987, 2001]. The Spanish Civil War. London: Penguin. p. 634. ISBN 0-14-101161-0. OCLC 248799351.
- ^ Boje o československé hranice v roce 1939
- ^ See World War II casualties
- ^ "DESERT SHIELD AND DESERT STORM A CHRONOLOGY AND TROOP LIST FOR THE 1990–1991 PERSIAN GULF CRISIS" (PDF). apps.dtic.mil. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 April 2019. Retrieved 18 December 2018.
- ^ "Germany honors soldiers who fought in Afghanistan mission". dw.com. 13 October 2021. Retrieved 5 December 2021.
- ^ "German military helicopter crashes in Mali, two peacekeepers killed". Reuters. 26 July 2017 – via www.reuters.com.
Sources
[edit]- Chandler, David (1981) [1980]. Waterloo: The Hundred Days. Osprey Publishing.
- Croxton, Derek (2013). The Last Christian Peace: The Congress of Westphalia as A Baroque Event. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-137-33332-2.
- Englund, Steven (2004). Napoleon : a Political Life. New York: Scribner. ISBN 978-0-684-87142-4. OCLC 1085212315.
- Heitz, Gerhard; Rischer, Henning (1995). Geschichte in Daten. Mecklenburg-Vorpommern; History in data; Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania (in German). Koehler&Amelang. ISBN 3-7338-0195-4.
- Hofschroer, Peter (2006). 1815 The Waterloo Campaign: Wellington, his German allies and the Battles of Ligny and Quatre Bras. Vol. 1. Greenhill Books.
- Lackman, Matti (2009), Jääkäriliike. In: Haapala, P. & Hoppu, T. (eds.) Sisällissodan pikkujättiläinen, Helsinki: WSOY, pp. 48–57, ISBN 978-951-0-35452-0
- McMeekin, Sean (2017). The Russian Revolution: A New History. London: Profile Books. ISBN 978-1-78125-902-3.
- Mikaberidze, Alexander (2020). The Napoleonic Wars: A Global History. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-995106-2.
- Pipes, Richard (1996). A Concise History of the Russian Revolution. New York: Vintage Books. ISBN 0-679-74544-0.
- Tuchman, Barbara W. (1978). A Distant Mirror: the Calamitous 14th Century. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 0-345-28394-5.
- Zamoyski, Adam (2004). Moscow 1812: Napoleon's Fatal March. London: HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-00-712375-9. Retrieved 17 April 2021.