Jump to content

List of wars involving Pakistan

Page semi-protected
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Part of a series on the
History of Pakistan
Statue of an Indus priest or king found in Mohenjodaro, 1927
Timeline
Ancient
Classical
Medieval
Early modern
Modern
History of provinces

Since its establishment in 1947, Pakistan has been involved in numerous armed conflicts, both domestically and internationally. Historically and presently, the primary focus of its military operations has been on neighboring India, with whom Pakistan has fought four major wars, as well as the Siachen conflict, frequent border skirmishes, and standoffs. The two nations have had a hostile and turbulent relationship since their independence from the United Kingdom and subsequent war over the Himalayan region of Jammu and Kashmir. Both India and Pakistan claim Kashmir in its entirety but have not exercised control over the entire region, which remains divided and contested between the two states by the Line of Control. The Kashmir conflict has seen extensive—albeit unsuccessful—intervention and mediation by the United Nations.

Pakistan has also had a turbulent relationship with neighbouring Afghanistan,[1] characterized by armed border skirmishes and periods of diplomatic tension. The Pakistani government has increased military activity along the Afghanistan–Pakistan border and built a border barrier to crack down on illegal immigration, militancy,[2] and smuggling.[3][4]

Outside of its home region of South Asia, Pakistan has also engaged in international conflicts in the Middle East and Africa as part of larger coalitions, and remains one of the largest contributors of troops to various United Nations peacekeeping missions. The country was designated as a major non-NATO ally by the United States in 2004,[5] and has participated extensively in the American-led War on Terror following the 9/11 attacks.

List

This is a list of wars. For a list of military engagements and battles within wars, See Outline of Pakistan military history for additional information.
Conflict Pakistan
and allies 		Opponents Results
Indonesian War of Independence
(1945–1949) 		 Indonesia

Supported by:

 Australia (after 1946)[6]

 United States (from 1949)[7]

India (after 1947)[8]

 Pakistan[9][10](support started even before independence)

 Netherlands

 United Kingdom (until 1946)

Japan (until 1946)

Supported by:

 Australia (until 1946)

Internal Conflict:

Darul Islam
People's Democratic Front

Victory

Indonesian independence from the Netherlands.

First Indo-Pakistani War
(1947–1948)[11][12] 		 Pakistan
 Azad Kashmir
Furqan Force
State of Swat[13]
Indian National Army[14] 		 India
Jammu and Kashmir 		Ceasefire[15]
  • Partitioning of Kashmir between India and Pakistan
Waziristan rebellion (1948–1954)
  Pakistan Faqir of Ipi's forces

Supported by
Afghanistan[16][17][18]
 India[17][19]
 Soviet Union[20][21]
(alleged)

Victory

Failure to foment an extensive uprising[22]

  • Support for rebellion slowly diminishes[23][24]
  • Commander of rebellion surrenders[25][26]
  • End of Insurrection[25]
First Balochistan conflict
(1948)[27][28] 		 Pakistan Kalat insurgents Victory[28]
  • Defeat of the insurgents
Korean War(1950–1953)[29][30]

 South Korea

United Nations
 United States
 United Kingdom
 Canada
 Turkey
 Australia
 Philippines
 New Zealand
 Thailand
 Ethiopia
 Greece
 France
 Colombia
 Belgium
 South Africa
 Netherlands
 Luxembourg

Supported by:

 North Korea

 China
 Soviet Union

Supported by:

Stalemate[33]
  • Formation of the DMZ
Second Balochistan conflict
(1958–1959)[34] 		 Pakistan Kalat insurgents Victory[35]
Bajaur Campaign[36][37]  Pakistan
Supported by:
 United States (alleged)[38][39] 		 Afghanistan
Pashtun Nationalists
Supported by:
 Soviet Union (alleged) 		Victory
Third Balochistan conflict
(1963–1969)[40] 		 Pakistan Parrari
PFAR
BLF
Bugti militia
Supported by:
Afghanistan[41]
Iraq Iraq[42]
 Syria[42] 		Victory
Second Indo-Pakistani War
(1965) 		 Pakistan
Supported by:
 China[44]
 Iran[45]
 Turkey[45]
 Saudi Arabia[45]
 Indonesia[46] 		 India Stalemate
Al-Wadiah War
(1969)[48]

 Saudi Arabia
 Pakistan[49][50]

 South Yemen Victory
  • al-Wadiah reoccupied by Saudi forces[51]
Black September
(1970–1971) 		 Jordan

Foreign involvement:

Palestine Liberation Organization PLO
 Syria 		Victory
  • PLO driven out to Lebanon, Syrian raid repelled
Bangladesh Liberation War
(From March 1971)
& Third Indo-Pakistani War
(From Dec 1971) 		 Pakistan

Supported by:
 USA[54][55]
 UK[54]
 China[56][54]
 Iran[57][58]
 Ceylon[59][60][61]
 Saudi Arabia[62]
 Jordan[63]
Libya[64]

 India
Bangladesh Bangladesh
(Provisional Government)

Supported by:
 Soviet Union[65]

Defeat
Fourth Balochistan Conflict
(1973–1978)[66][67] 		 Pakistan
Iran

Supported by:
 United States[68][69]
 Oman[70] 		Baloch separatists
Pashtun Zalmay[71]
Supported by:
Afghanistan[72][73][74][page needed]
 India[71]
Iraq[75]
 Soviet Union[76]
PFLP[77] 		Victory[78]
Dir rebellion
(1976) 		 Pakistan Dir rebels Victory
Soviet–Afghan War
(1979–1989)[81] 		Afghan Mujahideen
 Pakistan 		 Soviet Union
Afghanistan Afghanistan 		Victory[82]
Sri Lankan Civil War
(1983–2009) 		 Sri Lanka
 Pakistan[83][84][85]
 India (1987–1990)

Further support:

Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam

Supported by:
 India (until 1987)

Victory
Siachen conflict
(1984–2003) 		 Pakistan  India Defeat
Second Afghan Civil War
(1989–1992) 		Afghan Mujahideen rebels
Afghan Interim Government[86][87]

Khalq (1990)[89]
Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin (from July 1989)[86]
Afghanistan Junbish-i Milli (from 1992)

Foreign Mujahideen:

Various factions also fought among each other

Supported by:
Pakistan Pakistan[90][91][92]

Afghan PDPA Government
Supported by:
Soviet Union Soviet Union (until 1991)
Commonwealth of Independent States Commonwealth of Independent States (from 1991)[93]

India India

Victory

Interim Afghan Government victory

Gulf War[94]
(1990–1991) 		 Kuwait
 United States
 United Kingdom
 France
 Saudi Arabia
 Egypt
Coalition:
 Iraq Victory[97]
Afghan Civil War
(1992–1996) 		 Taliban (from late 1994)

Khalq (pro Taliban factions, from late 1994)
 Al-Qaeda (from early 1996)
Supported by:
 Pakistan[98][99]

 Islamic State of Afghanistan

Supported by:
 Saudi Arabia
 Uzbekistan (until Jan. 1994; from Aug. 1994)
 Iran (until Dec. 1992)

Victory

Taliban victory

Afghan Civil War
(1996–2001) 		Afghanistan Islamic Emirate
(Taliban)
 Pakistan
Al-Qaeda 		Afghanistan Islamic State
(Northern Alliance) 		Stalemate
  • Taliban controls up to 85% of Afghanistan including Kabul
Kargil War
(1999) 		 Pakistan  India Defeat
War in North-West Pakistan

First Phase:- (16 March 2004–22 February 2017)[106][107]

Drone war
(2004–2018)

Part of the war on terror and the War in North-West Pakistan

Location: Pakistan
MQ-1 Predator drones typically used in covert bombing operations in Pakistan.
  Pakistan

 United States
(Only Drone-strikes)

 Pakistan[108][109]

 United States[110][111][112]

Supported by:

Taliban

Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan

ISIL-aligned groups

 Islamic State

Victory[117]

United States-Allied Victory

  • 430 drone strikes confirmed[122]
  • 81 high-level insurgent leaders and thousands of low-level insurgents killed[123]
  • Large number of insurgents killed while some fled to Afghanistan[124]
  • Most recent drone strike launched in January 2018[125]
Fifth Balochistan Conflict
(2004–present)[126] 		 Pakistan BLA Ongoing[127][128]
War in Iraq
(2013–2017) 		 Iraq
Peshmerga
Sinjar Alliance

CJTF–OIR

 Iran
Hezbollah

Further support:-

ISIL
Ansar al-Islam
SCJL
Naqshbandi Army
Mujahideen Army 		Victory
  • Iraqi territorial integrity preserved
  • ISIL expelled from all strongholds in Iraq[134]
War in North-West Pakistan

Second Phase:- ( 23 February 2017 – present)[135][136][137]

 Pakistan
 United States[110][111][112]

Afghanistan Taliban (major in the Durand Line border skirmishes)[138][139]

ISIL-aligned groups

 Islamic State

Ongoing
  • Heavy insurgent losses and substantial reduction in insurgent activity[140][141][142]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ claimed neutrality
  2. ^ Until 2020, when it re-merged into the TTP.[113]
  3. ^ Collaboration with the TTP in 2007.
  4. ^ Collaboration with the TTP in 2015.
  1. ^ Both the Korean conflict and the 1991 Persian Gulf War involved more troops, but were essentially U.S.-initiated military coalitions that won U.N. Security Council approval. UNOC forces were drawn from such countries as Burma, Sri Lanka, Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Liberia, Malaya, Mali, Morocco, Nigeria, Pakistan, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Sweden and Tunisia. The United States, the Soviet Union, Britain and Canada provided funding and air transport. The total cost of the four-year operation was $400 million.Pg.244.[32]

References

  1. ^ Allott, Daniel (2021-03-27). "Ending Pakistan's proxy war in Afghanistan". The Hill. Retrieved 2021-03-29.
  2. ^ "Three killed, 13 injured in blast at Pakistani-Afghan border". Reuters. Retrieved 2021-03-29.
  3. ^ Basit, Abdul. "Pakistan-Afghanistan border fence, a step in the right direction". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 2021-03-29.
  4. ^ Farmer, Ben; Mehsud, Ihsanullah Tipu (2020-03-15). "Pakistan Builds Border Fence, Limiting Militants and Families Alike". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2021-03-29.
  5. ^ "Pakistan status of major non-NATO ally may be terminated". www.thenews.com.pk. Retrieved 2021-03-29.
  6. ^ "Australia & Indonesia's Independence: The Transfer Of Sovereignty: Documents 1949". Minister for Foreign Affairs. Archived from the original on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 11 May 2013.
  7. ^ Gouda, Frances (2002). American visions of the Netherlands East Indies/Indonesia : US foreign policy and Indonesian nationalism, 1920–1949. Thijs Brocades Zaalberg. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press. ISBN 1-4175-2156-2. OCLC 55842798.
  8. ^ Suryanarayan, V. (1981). "Presidential Address: India and the Indonesian Revolution". Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. 42: 549–562. ISSN 2249-1937. JSTOR 44141175.
  9. ^ "1516979439_156.pdf" (PDF). na.gov.pk. 2024-06-12. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2022-01-24. Retrieved 2024-06-12.
  10. ^ Sarwar, Zafar Alam (3 September 2019). "Quaid backed Indonesian fight for freedom". www.thenews.com.pk. The News International. Archived from the original on 2024-06-10. Retrieved 23 May 2021.
  11. ^ Nawaz, Shuja (May 2008), "The First Kashmir War Revisited", India Review, 7 (2): 115–154, doi:10.1080/14736480802055455, S2CID 155030407
  12. ^ "Pakistan Covert Operations" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 September 2014.
  13. ^ Jamal, Shadow War 2009, p. 57.
  14. ^ Lamb, A. (2002). Incomplete Partition: The Genesis of the Kashmir Dispute, 1947-1948. Oxford University Press. p. 141. ISBN 978-0-19-579770-1.
  15. ^ "BBC on the 1947–48 war". Archived from the original on 30 January 2015.
  16. ^ Kaur 1985, p. 108-109.
  17. ^ a b Malik 2016, pp. 81–82.
  18. ^ Leake 2017, pp. 137–139.
  19. ^ Leake 2017, pp. 139–141.
  20. ^ "فقیر ایپی: جنگِ آزادی کا 'تنہا سپاہی' جس نے پاکستان کے خلاف ایک آزاد مملکت 'پختونستان' کے قیام کا اعلان کیا". BBC News (in Urdu). 7 September 2020. Archived from the original on 7 September 2020.
  21. ^ Shah, Farzana (2021-07-21). "Afghan Conflict & Pashtun Tahafuz Movement misplaced Pashtunistan romanticism". Voice of KP. Archived from the original on 2024-06-08. Retrieved 2024-06-08.
  22. ^ Leake 2017, p. 137.
  23. ^ Leake 2017, pp. 136–137.
  24. ^ Mohammad Hussain Hunarmal. "The formidable Faqir". The News. Archived from the original on 13 February 2021.
  25. ^ a b Martel 2012, p. 712.
  26. ^ Sources :
  27. ^ Qaiser Butt (22 April 2013). "Princely Liaisons: The Khan family controls politics in Kalat". The Express Tribune.
  28. ^ a b Qaiser Butt (22 April 2013). "Princely Liaisons: The Khan family controls politics in Kalat". The Express Tribune. Archived from the original on 12 August 2023. Prince Agha Abdul Karim Baloch, father of Irfan Karim and younger brother of Khan-e-Kalat Mir Ahmed Yar Khan, had revolted against his brother's decision of accession of Kalat State to Pakistan at the request of Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah in 1948. Abdul Karim took refuge in Afghanistan to wage an armed resistance against Pakistan. However, he ultimately surrendered to Pakistan in 1950.
  29. ^ Whan-woo, Yi (16 September 2019). "Pakistan's Defense Day rekindles Korean War relief aid". The Korea Times. Archived from the original on 27 November 2020. Retrieved 2 May 2020.
  30. ^ dubna (11 April 2013). "Českoslovenští lékaři stáli v korejské válce na straně KLDR. Jejich mise stále vyvolává otazníky". rozhlas.cz (in Czech). Czech Radio. Archived from the original on 2 October 2016. Retrieved 25 July 2016.
  31. ^ Yi Whan-woo (2019-09-16). "Pakistan's Defense Day rekindles Korean War relief aid". koreatimes. Archived from the original on 25 December 2023. Retrieved 2023-12-25.
  32. ^ Collins, Carole J.L. (1993). "The Cold War Comes to Africa: Cordier and the 1960 Congo Crisis". Journal of International Affairs. 47 (1): 243–269. ISSN 0022-197X. JSTOR 24357094.
  33. ^ Birtle, Andrew J. (2000). The Korean War: Years of Stalemate. U.S. Army Center of Military History. p. 34. Retrieved 21 August 2021.
  34. ^ Harrison, Selig S. (1981). In Afghanistan's shadow: Baluch nationalism and Soviet temptations. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. pp. 27–28. ISBN 978-0-87003-029-1.
  35. ^ Harrison, Selig S. (1981). In Afghanistan's shadow: Baluch nationalism and Soviet temptations. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. pp. 27–28. ISBN 978-0-87003-029-1.
  36. ^ Gartenstein-Ross, Daveed; Vassefi, Tara (February 22, 2012). "The Forgotten History of Afghanistan-Pakistan Relations". Yale Journal of International Affairs. Retrieved 20 June 2022.
  37. ^ Christine Fair, C.; Watson, Sarah J. (18 March 2015). When Afghanistan invaded Pakistan. University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 978-0-8122-4690-2.
  38. ^ "Jun 1961 – 'Pakhtoonistan' Dispute. – Military Operations in Frontier Areas. – Pakistani Allegations of Afghan Incursions" (PDF). Keesing's Record of World Events. Retrieved 20 June 2022.
  39. ^ Wahab, Shaista; Youngerman, Barry (2007). A Brief History of Afghanistan. Infobase Publishing. p. 123. ISBN 978-0-8160-5761-0.
  40. ^ "Asia Report No. 119". Pakistan: The Worsening Conflict in Balochistan. International Crisis Group. 14 September 2006. p. 4.
  41. ^ "Popular Front for Armed Resistance". South Asia Terrorism Portal Index (SATP). Retrieved 5 May 2019.
  42. ^ a b "Baluch Liberation Front – Mapping Militant Organisation". web.stanford.edu. Retrieved 1 December 2018.
  43. ^ Pakistan: The Worsening Conflict in Balochistan (PDF). International Crisis Group, Asia Report No. 119. p. 4. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-05-20. Retrieved 2015-09-19.
  44. ^ Political Survival in Pakistan: Beyond Ideology, By Anas Malik page 85
  45. ^ a b c Political Survival in Pakistan: Beyond Ideology, By Anas Malik page 84
  46. ^ Shah, Amritlal B. (1966). India's Defence and Foreign Policies. Bombay: Manaktalas. p. 108. Archived from the original on 7 February 2023. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  47. ^ "Are India's plans to celebrate 1965 war 'victory' in 'bad taste'?". Geeta Pandey. BBC News. Retrieved 13 August 2015.
  48. ^ Vassiliev, Alexei (March 2013). King Faisal: Personality, Faith and Times – Alexei Vassiliev – Google Książki. ISBN 9780863567612.
  49. ^ Group Captain (R) Husseini & Pakistan Air Force. "Wars in the Mach-2 Era (1961–1970)". PAF over the Years. Directorate of Media Affairs, Pakistan Air Force. p. 66.
  50. ^ "What Accounts for Pakistan's Troop Deployment to Saudi Arabia?". YemenWatch. Archived from the original on 23 October 2023. Pakistani combat pilots also flew RSAF English Electric Lightning supersonic fighter aircraft during the al-Wadiah War between Saudi Arabia and the People's Republic of South Yemen in 1969.
  51. ^ Bidwell, Robin (1998). Dictionary Of Modern Arab History. Routledge. p. 437. ISBN 9780710305053.
  52. ^ Riedel 2014, pp. 56–57.
  53. ^ Kiessling 2016, pp. 35–36.
  54. ^ a b c "US Fleet in Bay of Bengal: A game of deception". Asif Mahfuz. [[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|]]. Retrieved 16 December 2013.
  55. ^ "Kissinger, Nixon 'helped' Pakistan in 1971, documents from U.S. Archive reveal". Kallol Bhattacherjee. The Hindu. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
  56. ^ "Pakistani-Chinese Relations: An Historical Analysis of the Role of China in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971". Citeseerx. Pakistaniaat: A Journal of Pakistan Studies.
  57. ^ Alvandi, Roham (2016). Nixon, Kissinger, and the Shah: The United States and Iran in the Cold War. Oxford University Press. p. 61. ISBN 978-0-19-061068-5. Retrieved 27 December 2016.
  58. ^ Mudiam, Prithvi Ram (1994). India and the Middle East. British Academic Press. ISBN 9781850437031. Retrieved 24 December 2016.
  59. ^ "India and Its Neighbors: Cooperation or Confrontation?" (PDF). CIA. p. 7.
  60. ^ "The Island".
  61. ^ "Brief Overview of Sri Lanka's Foreign Relations to Post-Independence". Foreign Ministry – Sri Lanka.
  62. ^ Bowman, Martin (30 January 2016). Cold war jet combat. Pen and Sword. ISBN 9781473874633. Retrieved 21 April 2023.
  63. ^ Shalom, Stephen R., The Men Behind Yahya in the Indo-Pak War of 1971 Archived 23 August 2009 at the Wayback Machine
  64. ^ Bowman, Martin (2016). Cold War Jet Combat: Air-to-Air Jet Fighter Operations 1950–1972. Pen and Sword. p. 112. ISBN 978-1-4738-7463-3. Archived from the original on 7 February 2023. Retrieved 8 November 2020.
  65. ^ "Here's what to know about India's ties with Russia". PBS News Hour. Retrieved 22 June 2023.
  66. ^ Abbas, Hassan (2005). Pakistan's Drift Into Extremism: Allah, the Army, and America's War on Terror. M.E. Sharpe. p. 79. ISBN 0-7656-1496-0.
  67. ^ Jalal, Ayesha (2007). The State of Martial Rule: The Origins of Pakistan's Political Economy of Defence. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521051842.
  68. ^ "Analysing the role of US in Balochistan conflict" (PDF).
  69. ^ Balochistan,the hour of reckoning.
  70. ^ , Walter C. Ladwig III, "Supporting Allies in Counterinsurgency: Britain and the Dhofar rebellion ," Small Wars & Insurgencies, Vol. 19, No. 1 (March 2008), p. 68 Archived 12 October 2017 at the Wayback Machine
  71. ^ a b Paliwal, Avinash (2017). My Enemy's Enemy: India in Afghanistan from the Soviet Invasion to the US Withdrawal. Oxford University Press. pp. 38, 240 and 241. ISBN 9780190685829.
  72. ^ Emadi, H. (18 October 2010). Dynamics of Political Development in Afghanistan: The British, Russian, and American Invasions. Springer. pp. 94–95. ISBN 9780230112001.
  73. ^ Sirrs, Owen L. (1 July 2016). Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence Directorate: Covert Action and Internal Operations. Routledge. ISBN 9781317196082.
  74. ^ Kiessling 2016.
  75. ^ "Discovery of Arms in the Iraq Embassy, Islamabad – 1973". Archived from the original on 9 March 2011. Retrieved 27 April 2011.
  76. ^ "Baluch Liberation Front – Mapping Millitant Organisation". web.stanford.edu. Retrieved 1 December 2018.
  77. ^ "Jabal, The Voice of Balochistan". Retrieved 2024-05-25.
  78. ^ Newsline: A History of the Baloch Separatist Movement
  79. ^ "250 to 300 Reported Killed As Pakistani Force Fights Revolt by Mountain Tribe". The New York Times. 1976-10-31. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 2024-05-06. Retrieved 2024-06-07.
  80. ^ The Sydney Morning Herald (2024-05-06). The Sydney Morning Herald. 1831. p. 5. Archived from the original on 2024-05-06.
  81. ^ "Eight "Hot Wars" During the Cold War". World 101. Council on Foreign Relations. 25 May 2023. Retrieved 2 October 2023.
  82. ^ Riedel 2014, p. 25.
  83. ^ "Sri Lanka's Faustian bargain with Pakistan: Exit LTTE, enter ISI". Business Today. 2019-04-22. Retrieved 2023-12-11.
  84. ^ "Pakistan played a key role in LTTE defeat".
  85. ^ "Pakistan airforce pilots played key role in Sri Lankan victory".
  86. ^ a b c Refugees, United Nations High Commissioner for. "Refworld | Afghanistan: The Forgotten War: Human Rights Abuses and Violations of the Laws of War Since the Soviet Withdrawal". Refworld. Retrieved 2023-07-12.
  87. ^ a b Fleiss, Alex (2022-04-05). "What happened in the battle of Jalalabad?". Rebellion Research. Retrieved 2024-02-12.
  88. ^ Goodson, Larry P. (2011). Afghanistan's Endless War: State Failure, Regional Politics, and the Rise of the Taliban. University of Washington Press. p. 189. ISBN 978-0-295-80158-2. OCLC 1026403863.
  89. ^ Coll, Steve (28 November 2012). "In Afghanistan, Dinner and Then a Coup". The New Yorker – via www.newyorker.com.
  90. ^ [dead link] The Demise of the Soviet Union, 1991 – Library of Congress country studies – Retrieved on 2007-08-21.
  91. ^ Fleiss, Alex (2022-04-05). "What happened in the battle of Jalalabad?". Rebellion Research. Retrieved 2024-02-11.
  92. ^ Coll, Steve (2004). Ghost Wars: The Secret History of the CIA, Afghanistan, and Bin Laden, from the Soviet Invasion to September 10, 2001. Penguin. p. 226. ISBN 978-1-59420-007-6.
  93. ^ Gibson, Joshua James (2015). An Unsustainable Arrangement: The Collapse of the Republic of Afghanistan in 1992 (MA thesis). Ohio State University. Retrieved 12 November 2022.
  94. ^ "Tenth anniversary of the Gulf War: A look back". CNN. 16 January 2001. Archived from the original on 2007-10-22. Retrieved 6 June 2007.
  95. ^ Kamran, Sehar (January 2013). "Pak-Gulf Defense and Security Cooperation" (PDF). Center for Pakistan and Gulf Studies (CPGS). Retrieved 11 November 2014.
  96. ^ a b "DESERT SHIELD AND DESERT STORM A CHRONOLOGY AND TROOP LIST FOR THE 1990–1991 PERSIAN GULF CRISIS" (PDF). apps.dtic.mil. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 April 2019. Retrieved 2018-12-18.
  97. ^ "The Gulf War, 1991". History state Govt. Retrieved 2 January 2024. The invasion of Kuwait led to a United Nations Security Council embargo and sanctions on Iraq and a U.S.-led coalition air and ground war, which began on January 16, 1991, and ended with an Iraqi defeat and retreat from Kuwait on February 28, 1991.
  98. ^ 'The Taliban'. Mapping Militant Organizations. Stanford University. Updated 15 July 2016. Retrieved 24 September 2017.
  99. ^ Rashid 2010, KANDAHAR 1994: THE ORIGINS OF THE TALIBAN.
  100. ^ "About this Service | Federal Research Division | Services | Library of Congress" (PDF). Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA. Archived from the original on 2019-04-11. Retrieved 2024-05-14.
  101. ^ See sections Bombardments and Timeline 1994, Januari-June
  102. ^ See section Bombardments
  103. ^ See sections Atrocities and Timeline
  104. ^ McCarthy, Rory; Carter, Helen; Norton-Taylor, Richard (October 26, 2001). "The elite force who are ready to die". The Guardian.
  105. ^ "Pakistani opposition presses for Sharif's resignation". Wsws.org. 1999-08-07. Retrieved 2012-06-15.
  106. ^ "The War in Pakistan". The Washington Post. 25 January 2006. Archived from the original on 1 April 2012. Retrieved 19 October 2008.
  107. ^ Abbas, Zaffar (2004-09-10). "Pakistan's undeclared war". BBC. Archived from the original on 2008-09-15. Retrieved 2022-05-08.
  108. ^ Rashid, Ahmed (2012). Pakistan in the Brink. Allen Lane. p. 54. ISBN 9781846145858.
  109. ^ A Quiet Deal With Pakistan Archived 7 November 2017 at the Wayback Machine, The Washington Post, 4 October 2008
  110. ^ a b "Pakistan: $1 billion from U.S. to fight terror". Aki/Dawn. 14 November 2006. Retrieved 24 November 2006. [dead link]
  111. ^ a b Bergen, Peter; Tiedemann, Katherine (3 June 2009). "The Drone War". New America Foundation. Archived from the original on 6 December 2011. Retrieved 16 December 2011.
  112. ^ a b "Obama unveils new US policy for Pakistan, Afghanistan". Archived from the original on 1 April 2009. Retrieved 2 July 2009. Unfolding a new US strategy to defeat Taliban and Al-Qaeda, Obama said Pakistan must be 'stronger partner' in destroying Al-Qaeda safe havens. In this connection, he said Pakistan would be provided financial assistance of 1.5 billion dollars each year for the next five years.
  113. ^ a b c Mehsud, Katharine Houreld (12 March 2015). "Pakistani splinter group rejoins Taliban amid fears of isolation". Reuters. Archived from the original on 19 August 2017. Retrieved 3 July 2017.
  114. ^ a b "Pakistan says has eliminated Uighur militants from territory". Reuters. 18 October 2015.
  115. ^ a b "Pakistan Taliban splinter group vows allegiance to Islamic State". Reuters. 18 November 2014. Archived from the original on 19 November 2014. Retrieved 19 November 2014.
  116. ^ a b c d e Says, Battu (31 March 2015). "Uzbek militants in Afghanistan pledge allegiance to ISIS in beheading video". The Khaama Press News Agency. Archived from the original on 13 July 2015. Retrieved 6 July 2015.
  117. ^ a b Javaid, U. and Javaid, R. (2016). Zarb-e-Azb: A Successful Initiative to Curtail Terrorism. South Asian Studies, 31(1), 281–296. – Argues that Operation Zarb-e-Azb was highly successful in dismantling terrorist networks in North Waziristan.
  118. ^ Khan, S.R. and Khan, A. (2020). From War to Peace: The Challenges and Opportunities in Pakistan's Counter-Terrorism Environment Post Operation Zarb-e-Azb. Journal of Policing, Intelligence and Counter Terrorism, 15(2), 121–139. – Notes that Operation Zarb-e-Azb secured control over previous militant strongholds and denied them space.
  119. ^ Gulf News (2016, June 16). Two years after 'Zarb-e-Azb': Pakistan stronger against terror. https://gulfnews.com/world/asia/pakistan/two-years-after-zarb-e-azb-pakistan-stronger-against-terror-1.1850692 – Contemporary news analysis of the success of Operation Zarb-e-Azb after two years.
  120. ^ Roul, A. (2016). How Operation Zarb-e-Azb Changed Pakistan's Tribal Areas. Jamestown Foundation Terrorism Monitor, 14(12), 5–7. – Discusses gains made by Pakistan army in previously uncontrolled tribal areas during the operation.
  121. ^ Weinbaum, Marvin G. (2017). "Insurgency and Violent Extremism in Pakistan". Small Wars & Insurgencies. 28 (1): 45. doi:10.1080/09592318.2016.1266130. S2CID 151596312.
  122. ^ "Drone War: Pakistan". The Bureau of Investigative Journalism. Retrieved 2018-04-20.
  123. ^ "Pakistan Leaders Killed" Archived 18 September 2017 at the Wayback Machine. New America Foundation. 23 June 2018
  124. ^ "US Drone Kills Afghan-Based Pakistani Taliban Commander". Voice of America (VOA). 4 July 2018.
  125. ^ "CIA drone strikes in Pakistan, 2004 to present". Bureau of Investigative Journalism. 24 January 2018. Archived from the original on 5 March 2017. Retrieved 15 March 2019.
  126. ^ "Balochistan Insurgency". www.globalsecurity.org. Retrieved 21 May 2021.
  127. ^ "Over 300 anti-state militants surrender arms in Balochistan". Dawn News. 9 December 2017. The largest province of the country by area, Balochistan is home to a low-level insurgency by ethnic Baloch separatists.
  128. ^ Desk, Quetta Voice Web (20 December 2023). "BNA Commander Sarfaraz Bangulzai Along With 72 Militants Surrender". Quetta Voice Breaking News, English News, Technology, Health. Retrieved 20 December 2023.
  129. ^ Zia Ur Rehman (May 2014), "The Baluch insurgency: linking Iran to Pakistan" (PDF), The Norwegian Peacebuilding Resource Centre, archived from the original (PDF) on 6 May 2016
  130. ^ "Operation Raddul Fasaad: Huge cache of weapons recovered from Balochistan". The News International. Retrieved 31 March 2019.
  131. ^ "Zehri meets Khan of Kalat in London". Dawn News. 15 August 2015.
  132. ^ "IB advise talks with Baloch separatists". Dawn News. 29 February 2012.
  133. ^ Syed, Baqir Sajjad (15 July 2017). "Pakistan helped Iraq in defeating IS, says Iraqi envoy". Dawn. Retrieved 12 December 2017.
  134. ^ Coker, Margaret (12 November 2017). "With Iraqi-Kurdish Talks Stalled, Phone Diplomacy Averts New Clashes". New York Times.
  135. ^ "datasheet-terrorist-attack-suicide-attacks". www.satp.org. Retrieved 2023-12-16.
  136. ^ "ttp calls off ceasefire – Google Search". www.google.com. Retrieved 2023-12-16.
  137. ^ "Pakistan to launch fresh operation against militants amid political and economic chaos". Arab News PK. 2023-04-07. Retrieved 2023-12-16.
  138. ^ "The Taliban Pick Fight Over Border With Pakistan". Foreign policy. 6 January 2022.
  139. ^ Putz, Catherine. "The Taliban's Many Problematic Borders". The Diplomat.
  140. ^ "Database – KPK from 2005 to present". Retrieved 24 May 2019.
  141. ^ "Database – FATA from 2005 to present". Retrieved 24 May 2019.
  142. ^ Lieven, Anatol (2017). "Counter-Insurgency in Pakistan: The Role of Legitimacy". Small Wars & Insurgencies. 28: 166–190. doi:10.1080/09592318.2016.1266128. S2CID 151355749.

Sources

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_wars_involving_Pakistan&oldid=1256590120"