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List of wars involving Sudan

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
"Sudan War" redirects here. For the ongoing conflict in Sudan, see Sudanese civil war (2023–present).

This is a list of wars involving the Republic of Sudan and its predecessors.

Mahdist Sudan (1885–1899)

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Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Results
Mahdist War
(1881–1899) 		Mahdist Sudan  United Kingdom
 Canada
 Egypt
Italy Italy

Italy Colony of Eritrea
 Congo Free State
Ethiopia

Defeat

Post-independence (from 1956)

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Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Results
First Sudanese Civil War
(1955–1972) 		 Sudan
 Libya
 Uganda 		ALF
Anyanya 		Stalemate
Lebanese Civil War
(1976–1979) 		Arab League ADF LF Withdrawal
Iran–Iraq War
(1982–1988)[2] 		Iraq Iraq
MEK
DRFLA
KDPI
 Sudan 		 Iran
KDP
PUK
Badr Brigades 		Stalemate
Second Sudanese Civil War
(1983–2005) 		 Sudan
Sudan Janjaweed
SSDF
Nuer White Army
SPLA-Nasir
LRA
 Libya
 Iraq 		South Sudan SPLA
South Sudan SPDF
SSLM
Anyanya II
Eastern Front
 Uganda
 Ethiopia
 Eritrea 		Stalemate
War in Darfur
(2003–2020) 		 Sudan

Chadian rebel groups[3]
Anti-Gaddafi forces (2011)[4]
Supported by:
 Libya (since 2011)[5]
 China[6]
 Iran (until 2016) [7]
 Russia[8]
 Belarus[9]
 Syria (2000s, alleged)[10]

SRF[a]
(2006–2020)
  • JEM (since 2003)
  • SLA (some factions) (since 2003)
  • LJM (2010–11)[b]

SLA (some factions)
SARC (from 2014)
SLFA (from 2017)[12]

  • SLA-Unity
  • SLMJ
  • JEM (Jali)

Supported by:
 South Sudan[13]
 Chad (2005–2010)[14]
 Eritrea (until 2008)[15]
Libya (until 2011)[16]
 Uganda (until 2015)[17]

 Stalemate
Invasion of Anjouan
(2008) 		 Tanzania
 Sudan
 Comoros
 Senegal 		 Anjouan Victory
War in South Kordofan
(2011–2020) 		 Sudan SRF (until 2020)

Alleged support:
 Ethiopia[19]

Stalemate
  • Comprehensive peace agreement signed between rebel groups and the transitional government
Heglig Crisis
(2012) 		 Sudan  South Sudan
JEM[20]
SPLM-N[20] 		Victory
  • South Sudanese withdrawal from Heglig
  • Agreement on borders and natural resources signed on 26 September[21]
Saudi-led intervention in Yemen
(2015–) 		Yemen Hadi government
South Yemen Southern Movement
 Saudi Arabia
 United Arab Emirates
 Bahrain
 Kuwait
 Qatar
 Jordan
 Morocco
 Sudan
 Egypt
 Senegal 		Yemen Houthi government Ongoing
  • Houthis dissolve Yemeni government
  • Houthis take control of northern Yemen
Al-Fashaga conflict
(2020–2022) 		 Sudan Amhara Region Amhara Alleged:
 Ethiopia
 Eritrea[22] 		Status quo ante bellum
  • Disengagement and de-escalation
  • Sudan recaptures all of the border territory with Ethiopia.[23][24]
  • Sudan and Ethiopia agree to settle all disputes peacefully.[25]
Sudanese civil war

(2023–present)

Sudanese Armed Forces

Sudan Liberation Movement (Tambour faction)[27]
Alleged support:
 Ukraine[28]
 Egypt[29][30]

Joint Darfur Force[31]

Rapid Support Forces

Alleged support:
 United Arab Emirates[32]
Wagner Group[33][34][35]
Libyan National Army[36]

SPLM-N (al-Hilu faction)[citation needed] (June 2023–present)

Ongoing

See also

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Bibliography

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First Sudanese Civil War:

  • Assefa, Hizkias. 1987. Mediation of Civil Wars, Approaches and Strategies – The Sudan Conflict. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press.
  • Eprile, Cecil. War and Peace in the Sudan, 1955 – 1972. David and Charles, London. 1974. ISBN 0-7153-6221-6.
  • Johnson, Douglas H. 1979. "Book Review: The Secret War in the Sudan: 1955–1972 by Edgar O'Ballance". African Affairs 78 (310):132–7.
  • O'Ballance, Edgar. 1977. The Secret War in the Sudan: 1955–1972. Hamden, Connecticut: Archon Books. (Faber and Faber edition ISBN 0-571-10768-0).
  • Poggo, Scopas Sekwat. 1999. War and Conflict in Southern Sudan, 1955–1972. PhD Dissertation, University of California, Santa Barbara.

Notes

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  1. ^ Known as the National Redemption Front prior to 2011.
  2. ^ Signed the Doha Darfur Peace Agreement in 2011.[11]

References

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  1. ^ John Pike. "Sudan Civil War". Globalsecurity.org. Retrieved 6 December 2011.
  2. ^ Iran-Iraq War Timeline - Wilson Center Archived 2016-09-11 at the Wayback Machine, p. 14
  3. ^ Debos, Marielle (2016) [2013]. Living by the Gun in Chad. Combatants, Impunity and State Formation. Translated by Andrew Brown (Revised, Updated, and Translated ed.). London: Zed Books. p. 86. ISBN 978-1-78360-532-3.
  4. ^ "Sudan: Govt Deploys Troops to Borders With Libya". Sudan Tribune. 31 May 2011 – via allafrica.com.
  5. ^ "The Sudanese Role in Libya 2011". 17 December 2012.
  6. ^ McGreal, Chris (14 February 2008). "What is China doing in Darfur?". The Guardian.
  7. ^ "Is a Sudanese-Iranian rapprochement possible?".
  8. ^ "Russia's footprint in Sudan". Institute for the Study of Human Rights. 1 March 2022. Retrieved 7 April 2023.[permanent dead link‍]
  9. ^ "Top-10 обвинений Беларуси в сомнительных оружейных сделках". UDF.BY | Новости Беларуси.
  10. ^ Ofcansky, Thomas P. (2015). "Foreign Military Assistance" (PDF). In Berry, LaVerle (ed.). Sudan: a country study (5th ed.). Washington, D.C.: Federal Research Division, Library of Congress. pp. 344–347. ISBN 978-0-8444-0750-0.
  11. ^ "Darfur Peace Agreement – Doha draft" (PDF). Sudan Tribune. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 10 December 2015.
  12. ^ "Three Darfur factions establish new rebel group". Sudan Tribune. 7 July 2017.
  13. ^ "Al Bashir threatens to 'disarm Darfur rebels' in South Sudan". Radio Dabanga. 29 April 2015. Archived from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 7 December 2015.
  14. ^ "Chad, and Darfur, After Bashir".
  15. ^ Afrol News – Eritrea, Chad accused of aiding Sudan rebels Archived 29 June 2012 at archive.today 7 de septiembre de 2007
  16. ^ "Sudan adjusting to post-Gaddafi era - YouTube". YouTube. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 2015-11-24. Sudan adjusting to post-Gaddafi era
  17. ^ "Uganda Signals Diplomatic Breakthrough With Sudan on Rebels". Bloomberg. 13 February 2015. Archived from the original on 22 January 2018. Retrieved 22 January 2018 – via www.Bloomberg.com.
  18. ^ "Darfur's Armed Opposition Groups". Small Arms Survey. 8 October 2012. Archived from the original on June 20, 2016. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  19. ^ "Ethiopia Is Arming South Kordofan Rebels says Ethiopian officer". durame.com. 13 April 2012. Archived from the original on 5 June 2012. Retrieved 1 May 2012.
  20. ^ a b McCutchen, Andrew (October 2014). "The Sudan Revolutionary Front: Its Formation and Development" (PDF). p. 19. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 June 2016. Retrieved 17 January 2020.
  21. ^ "Sudan-South Sudan peace accords hailed". Archived from the original on 5 October 2012. Retrieved 30 October 2012.
  22. ^ "Eritrea Forces Deployed in Disputed Sudan-Ethiopia Area, UN Says". Bloomberg News. 24 March 2021.
  23. ^ "Sudan regains full control of border with Ethiopia: Ministry". Al Jazeera. 31 December 2020.
  24. ^ "Sudanese army deployed along the disputed border with Ethiopia". Africanews.com. 15 December 2021.
  25. ^ "Sudan, Ethiopia agreed to settle all disputes peacefully". Sudan Tribune. 1 December 2022. Archived from the original on 2 December 2022. Retrieved 3 December 2022.
  26. ^ "Malik Agar reveals government-proposed roadmap to end Sudan's war". Sudan Tribune. 6 August 2023. Archived from the original on 5 September 2023. Retrieved 15 August 2023.
  27. ^ "SLM faction joins Sudanese army against RSF in Darfur". Sudan Tribune. 1 August 2023. Archived from the original on 5 September 2023. Retrieved 2 August 2023.
  28. ^ "Exclusive: Ukraine's special services 'likely' behind strikes on Wagner-backed forces in Sudan, a Ukrainian military source says". CNN. 2023-09-19. Archived from the original on 11 October 2023. Retrieved 2023-09-19.
  29. ^ "Sudan's RSF says it's ready to cooperate over Egyptian troops". Reuters. 15 April 2023. Archived from the original on 15 April 2023. Retrieved 2023-04-16.
  30. ^ "Sudan's paramilitary shares video they claim shows 'surrendered' Egyptian troops". al-Arabiya. 15 April 2023. Archived from the original on 15 April 2023. Retrieved 15 April 2023.
  31. ^ "Rapid Support Forces ambush peace groups in West Darfur". Sudan Tribune. 2023-05-24. Archived from the original on August 20, 2023. Retrieved 2023-05-24.
  32. ^ Walsh, Declan; Koettl, Christoph; Schmitt, Eric (29 September 2023). "Talking Peace in Sudan, the U.A.E. Secretly Fuels the Fight". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 29 September 2023. Retrieved 30 September 2023.
  33. ^ "Exclusive: Ukraine's special services 'likely' behind strikes on Wagner-backed forces in Sudan, a Ukrainian military source says". CNN. 2023-09-19. Archived from the original on 11 October 2023. Retrieved 2023-09-19.
  34. ^ Elbagir, Nima; Mezzofiore, Gianluca; Qiblawi, Tamara (20 April 2023). "Exclusive: Evidence emerges of Russia's Wagner arming militia leader battling Sudan's army". CNN. Archived from the original on 20 April 2023. Retrieved 20 April 2023. The Russian mercenary group Wagner has been supplying Sudan's Rapid Support Forces (RSF) with missiles to aid their fight against the country's army, Sudanese and regional diplomatic sources have told CNN. The sources said the surface-to-air missiles have significantly buttressed RSF paramilitary fighters and their leader Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo
  35. ^ "Wagner in Sudan: What have Russian mercenaries been up to?". BBC News. 24 April 2023. Archived from the original on 30 April 2023. Retrieved 29 April 2023. Its founder, Yevgeny Prighozin – who has close links to President Vladimir Putin – has said that, "Not a single Wagner PMC [private military company] fighter has been present in Sudan" for over two years. We've found no evidence that Russian mercenaries are currently inside the country. But there is evidence of Wagner's previous activities in Sudan...
  36. ^ "Libyan Militia and Egypt's Military Back Opposite Sides in Sudan Conflict". al-Arabiya. 15 April 2023. Archived from the original on 19 April 2023. Retrieved 15 April 2023.
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Second Sudanese Civil War:

War in Darfur:

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