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List of Soviet human spaceflight missions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is a list of the human spaceflight missions conducted by the Soviet space program. These missions belong to the Vostok, Voskhod, and Soyuz space programs.

The first patch from the Soviet Space Program was worn by Valentina Tereshkova,[1] then the same patch for the Voskhod 2, Soyuz 4/5 and Soyuz 11,[2] Soyuz 3 had an official insignia that wasn't worn during the flight,[3] and then in the Apollo–Soyuz program. After that and until Soyuz TM-12 "Juno" flight mission patches had been designed only for international missions.[4]

Vostok program

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Mission Patch Launch Duration Landing Pilot Notes
Vostok 1 12 April 1961 1 h 48 m 12 April 1961 Yuri Gagarin First man in space; first human orbital flight[5]
Vostok 2 6 August 1961 1 d 1 h 18 m 7 August 1961 German Titov First full day in space[6]
Vostok 3 11 August 1962 3 d 22 h 22 m 15 August 1962 Andriyan Nikolayev First simultaneous flight of two crewed spacecraft[7][8]
Vostok 4 12 August 1962 2 d 22 h 56 m 15 August 1962 Pavel Popovich
Vostok 5 14 June 1963 4 d 23 h 7 m 19 June 1963 Valery Bykovsky Joint mission with Vostok 6; longest solo orbital flight[9]
Vostok 6 16 June 1963 2 d 22 h 50 m 19 June 1963 Valentina Tereshkova Joint mission with Vostok 5; first woman in space[10]

Voskhod program

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Mission Patch Launch Duration Landing Crew Notes
Voskhod 1 12 October 1964 1 d 0 h 17 m 3 s 13 October 1964 Vladimir Komarov Konstantin Feoktistov Boris Yegorov First spacecraft to carry a multiperson crew.
Voskhod 2 18 March 1965 1 d 2 h 2 m 17 s 19 March 1965 Pavel Belyayev Alexei Leonov First walk in space.

Soyuz program

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First Soyuz missions to Salyut 1 (1967–1971)

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Order Mission Patch Launch Duration Landing Crew Notes
1 Soyuz 1 23 April 1967 1 d 2 h 47 m 52 s 24 April 1967 V. Komarov Cosmonaut died in crash-landing.
2 Soyuz 3 26 October 1968 3 d 22 h 50 m 45 s 30 October 1968 G. Beregovoy Rendezvous with uncrewed Soyuz 2, failed docking.
3 Soyuz 4 14 January 1969 2 d 23 h 20 m 47 s 17 January 1969 V. Shatalov A. Yeliseyev
landing
Ye. Khrunov
landing
Docked with Soyuz 5. Crew transfer.
4 Soyuz 5 15 January 1969 3 d 0 h 54 m 15 s 18 January 1969 B. Volynov A. Yeliseyev
launch
Ye. Khrunov
launch
Docked with Soyuz 4. Crew transfer.
5 Soyuz 6 11 October 1969 4 d 22 h 42 m 47 s 16 October 1969 G. Shonin V. Kubasov Joint mission with Soyuz 7 & 8.
6 Soyuz 7 12 October 1969 4 d 22 h 40 m 23 s 17 October 1969 A. Filipchenko V. Volkov V. Gorbatko Joint mission with Soyuz 6 & 8.
7 Soyuz 8 13 October 1969 4 d 22 h 50 m 49 s 18 October 1969 V. Shatalov A. Yeliseyev Joint mission with Soyuz 6 & 7.
8 Soyuz 9 1 June 1970 17 d 16 h 58 m 55 s 19 June 1970 A. Nikolayev V. Sevastyanov Cosmonaut endurance test.
9 Soyuz 10 23 April 1971 1 d 23 h 44 m 54 s 25 April 1971 V. Shatalov A. Yeliseyev N. Rukavishnikov Failed to dock with Salyut 1.
10 Soyuz 11 6 June 1971 23 d 18 h 21 m 43 s 30 June 1971 G. Dobrovolsky V. Patsayev V. Volkov Visited Salyut 1. All cosmonauts aboard died in reentry from asphyxiation.

1973–1977

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Mission Order Patch Launch Duration Landing Crew Notes
11 Soyuz 12 27 September 1973 1 d 23 h 15 m 32 s 29 September 1973 V. Lazarev O. Makarov Test of redesigned two-person Soyuz craft.
12 Soyuz 13 18 December 1973 7 d 20 h 55 m 35 s 26 December 1973 V. Lebedev P. Klimuk Carried Orion 2 Space Observatory.
13 Soyuz 14 3 July 1974 15 d 17 h 30 m 28 s 19 July 1974 Yu. Artyukhin P. Popovich Visited Salyut 3.
14 Soyuz 15 26 August 1974 2 d 0 h 12 m 11 s 28 August 1974 L. Dyomin G. Sarafanov Failed to dock with Salyut 3.
15 Soyuz 16 2 December 1974 5 d 22 h 23 m 35 s 8 December 1974 A. Filipchenko N. Rukavishnikov Test of redesigned Soyuz craft.
16 Soyuz 17 11 January 1975 29 d 13 h 19 m 45 s 10 February 1975 G. Grechko A. Gubarev Visited Salyut 4 (1).
17 Soyuz 18a 5 April 1975 0 d 0 h 21 m 27 s 5 April 1975 V. Lazarev O. Makarov Launch failure, did not reach Salyut 4.
18 Soyuz 18 24 May 1975 62 d 23 h 20 m 8 s 26 July 1975 P. Klimuk V. Sevastyanov Visited Salyut 4 (2).
19 Soyuz 19 15 July 1975 5 d 22 h 31 m 21 July 1975 A. Leonov V. Kubasov Apollo-Soyuz Test Project: first docking with American spacecraft
20 Soyuz 21 6 July 1976 49 d 6 h 23 m 32 s 24 August 1976 B. Volynov V. Zholobov Visited Salyut 5 (1), departed early.
21 Soyuz 22 15 September 1976 7 d 21 h 52 m 17 s 23 September 1976 V. Bykovsky V. Aksyonov Earth imaging mission – as of 2021 last flight of a Soyuz spacecraft not targeted for a space station.
22 Soyuz 23 14 October 1976 2 d 0 h 6 m 35 s 16 October 1976 V. Zudov V. Rozhdestvensky Failed to dock with Salyut 5. Near-disastrous landing in icy lake.
23 Soyuz 24 7 February 1977 17 d 17 h 26 m 0 s 25 February 1977 V. Gorbatko Yu. Glazkov Visited Salyut 5 (2).

Salyut 6 to Salut 7 (1977–1986)

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Crewed Soyuz-TM Mir missions (1987–1991)

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For subsequent Soyuz missions conducted by the Russian Federal Space Agency, see List of Russian human spaceflight missions.

Notes

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1 Commercially funded cosmonaut or other "spaceflight participant".

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Fifty years ago, first woman to fly in space wore world's first mission patch". 14 June 2013. Archived from the original on 22 March 2019. Retrieved 13 July 2020.
  2. ^ "Zvezda 'Rocket'". Archived from the original on 1 June 2017. Retrieved 19 January 2020.
  3. ^ "Soyuz 3". Spacepatches. Archived from the original on 25 January 2020. Retrieved 27 May 2020.
  4. ^ "Эмблемы на скафандрах" (in Russian). Archived from the original on 22 September 2012.
  5. ^ "Vostok 1". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 19 April 2002. Retrieved 27 November 2015.
  6. ^ "Vostok 2". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 27 November 2015.
  7. ^ "Vostok 3". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 27 December 2008. Retrieved 27 November 2015.
  8. ^ "Vostok 4". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 27 November 2015.
  9. ^ "Vostok 5". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 27 November 2015.
  10. ^ "Vostok 6". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 8 November 2013. Retrieved 27 November 2015.