Jump to content

List of track gauges

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from List of Rail Gauges)

Track gauge
By transport mode
By size (list)
Graphic list of track gauges
  Minimum
  Fifteen inch 381 mm (15 in)
  Narrow
  600 mm 600 mm (1 ft 11+5⁄8 in)
Two foot 610 mm (2 ft)
Two foot three inch 686 mm (2 ft 3 in)
  750 mm 750 mm (2 ft 5+1⁄2 in)
Bosnian gauge 760 mm (2 ft 5+15⁄16 in)
Two foot six inch 762 mm (2 ft 6 in)
  Swedish three foot 891 mm (2 ft 11+3⁄32 in)
900 mm 900 mm (2 ft 11+7⁄16 in)
Three foot 914 mm (3 ft)
Italian metre 950 mm (3 ft1+13⁄32 in)
  Metre 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in)
  Three foot six inch 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in)
  Four foot 1,219 mm (4 ft)
  Four foot six inch 1,372 mm (4 ft 6 in)
  1432 mm 1,432 mm (4 ft 8+3⁄8 in)
  Standard 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in)
  Broad
  Italian broad gauge 1,445 mm (4 ft 8+7⁄8 in)
Dresden gauge 1,450 mm (4 ft 9+3⁄32 in)
  Leipzig gauge 1,458 mm (4 ft 9+13⁄32 in)
  Toronto gauge 1,495 mm (4 ft 10+7⁄8 in)
  1520 mm 1,520 mm (4 ft 11+27⁄32 in)
Five foot 1,524 mm (5 ft)
  Pennsylvania gauge 1,581 mm (5 ft 2+1⁄4 in)
Pennsylvania gauge 1,588 mm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in)
Five foot three inch 1,600 mm (5 ft 3 in)
  Baltimore gauge 1,638 mm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in)
  Iberian gauge 1,668 mm (5 ft 5+21⁄32 in)
Five foot six inch 1,676 mm (5 ft 6 in)
  Six foot 1,829 mm (6 ft)
  Brunel 2,140 mm (7 ft 1⁄4 in)
  Breitspurbahn 3,000 mm (9 ft 101⁄8 in)
Change of gauge
By location
World map, rail gauge by region
Track gauge.
Map of the world's railways showing the different major gauges in use.
  3 ft gauge (914 mm)
  Meter gauge (1,000 mm)
  Cape gauge (1,067 mm)
  Standard gauge (1,435 mm)
  Russian gauge (1,520 mm)
  Five foot gauge (1,524 mm)
  Irish gauge (1,600 mm)
  Iberian gauge (1,668 mm)
  Indian gauge (1,676 mm)

This list presents an overview of railway track gauges by size. A gauge is measured between the inner faces of the rails.

  Narrow gauge (1,067 mm)
  Standard gauge (1,435 mm)
  Broad gauge (1,600 mm)
The large network of narrow-gauge sugar cane light railways, almost all 610 mm (2 ft) gauge, is not shown, Rail gauge in Australia.
Rail gauge world
Track gauge
Rail gauge world Map
Rail gauge world Map, 600mm. to 1676 mm.
Rail gauge world Map, 597 mm. to 2140 mm.
Triple-gauge track on turntable, Gladstone, South Australia.
Broad gauge and standard gauge track.

Track gauges by size

[edit]
600 mm. to 1676 mm.
600 mm. to 1676 mm.
597 mm. to 1435 mm.

Minimum and ridable miniature railways

[edit]
Main articles: Minimum-gauge railway and Ridable miniature railway

For ridable miniature railways and minimum gauge railways, the gauges are overlapping. There are also some extreme narrow gauge railways listed. See: Distinction between a ridable miniature railway and a minimum gauge railway for clarification.

Model railway gauges are covered in rail transport modelling scales.

Train with model Southern Railway Schools class.
Triple-gauge pointwork (3+1⁄2 in, 5 in, and 7+1⁄4 in) on the Orchid Line. The upper right branch does not include the 3+1⁄2 in gauge.
Gauge Country Notes
Metric Imperial
 
89 mm 3+1⁄2 in See 3+1⁄2 in (89 mm) gauge ridable miniature railways
121 mm 4+3⁄4 in See 4+3⁄4 in (121 mm) gauge ridable miniature railways
127 mm 5 in See 5 in (127 mm) gauge ridable miniature railways
145 mm Denmark Brandhøjbanendk, at Hedeland veteran railwaydk, Hedeland, Hedehusene, Høje-Taastrup. Mixed gauge:

5 in (127 mm), 5+7⁄10 in (145 mm) and 7+1⁄4 in (184 mm) gauges are all in use on this model-miniature railway.,[1][2] there is also one at Denmark’s railway museum in Odense,[3][4][5] one at the Tramway Museum Skjoldenæsholm, Jystrup, Ringsted,[6] and many other model-miniature railways in Denmark[7][8][9][10] and Model lane Europe, Hadsten, Favrskov[11] and many others.[12][13][14][15]

184 mm 7+1⁄4 in See 7+1⁄4 (184 mm) gauge ridable miniature railways
190.5 mm 7+1⁄2 in See 7+1⁄2 in (190.5 mm) gauge ridable miniature railways
210 mm 8+1⁄4 in See 8+1⁄4 in (210 mm) gauge ridable miniature railways
229 mm 9 in See 9 in (229 mm) gauge ridable miniature railways
England Railway built by minimum gauge pioneer Sir Arthur Heywood, later abandoned in favor of 15 in (381 mm) gauge.
240 mm 9+7⁄16 in See 9+7⁄16 in (240 mm) gauge ridable miniature railways
241 mm 9+1⁄2 in See 9+1⁄2 in (241 mm) gauge ridable miniature railways
260 mm 10+1⁄4 in See 10+1⁄4 in (260 mm) gauge ridable miniature railways
267 mm 10+1⁄2 in England Beale Park miniature railway
305 mm 12 in See 12 in (305 mm) gauge ridable miniature railways
310 mm 1+13⁄64 in Denmark See Narrow-gauge railways in Denmark
311 mm 12+1⁄4 in Wales Fairbourne Railway
340 mm 13+3⁄8 in Netherlands Ridable miniature railway in DierenPark Amersfoort[16]
350 mm 13+25⁄32 in Netherlands Collection Decauville Spoorweg Museum[17]
356 mm 14 in United States See 14 in (356 mm) gauge ridable miniature railways and Chicago Tunnel Company (during construction process)
368 mm 14+1⁄2 in United States John J. Coit's Seaside Park Miniature Railway and Long Beach and Asbury Park Railway
381 mm 15 in See 15 in gauge railways
400 mm 15+3⁄4 in Denmark See Narrow-gauge railways in Denmark
France Agricultural field railways (Decauville portable track)
406 mm 16 in United States See 16 in (406 mm) gauge ridable miniature railways
419 mm 16+1⁄2 in Canada See 16+1⁄2 in (419 mm) gauge ridable miniature railway
England Berkhamsted Gasworks Railway[18]
432 mm 17 in England Long Rake Spar mine, underground mine railway[19]
450 mm 17+23⁄32 in Czech Republic Industrial railways[20]
England Littlethorpe Potteries, hand-worked line connecting clay pits to pottery[21]
457 mm 18 in England Crewe Works Railway, Horwich Works Railway, Royal Arsenal Railway, Sand Hutton Light Railway, Steeple Grange Light Railway
United States Eastlake Park Scenic Railway, Venice Miniature Railway and Billy Jones Wildcat Railroad
Australia National Railway Museum, Port Adelaide
470 mm 18+1⁄2 in United States Travel Town Museum miniature railway
483 mm 19 in Isle of Man Great Laxey Mine Railway
United States Swanton Pacific Railroad
495 mm 19+1⁄2 in England Ayle Colliery mine railway, Athole G. Allen Ltd. Closehouse Barytes Mine railway[19]

Narrow gauge

[edit]
Main article: Narrow-gauge railway

Railways with a track gauge between 500 mm (19+3⁄4 in) and 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge.

Diamond crossing dual gauge double line narrow-gauge and standard-gauge.
Narrow gauge track.
Lignite (Brown coal) works with a train car.
Narrow Gauge Railway Museum.
Irchester Narrow Gauge Railway Museum shed.
Gauge Country Notes
Metric Imperial
 
500 mm 19+3⁄4 in Austria Geriatriezentrum Am Wienerwald Feldbahn
Argentina Tren del Fin del Mundo, Ushuaia - Parque Nacional Tierra del Fuego
Denmark See Narrow-gauge railways in Denmark
France Several Decauville portable railways, Chemin de Fer Touristique du Tarn, Petit train d'Artouste
Hungary Mining railways in Pilisszentiván (defunct), Törökszentmiklós brick factory
508 mm 20 in England Great Woburn Railway situated in Woburn Safari Park; and North Bay Railway near Scarborough
United States Confusion Hill
Russia Krasnoyarsk Child Railway
520 mm 20+15⁄32 in Germany Several mine railways. Origine: from 1 ft 8 in preußische Zoll = 523,2 mm.[22]
533 mm 21 in England Pleasure Beach Express
550 mm 21+21⁄32 in Denmark Mønsted Kalkgruber, in a former limestone quarry, railway is preserved.

Narrow-gauge railways in Europe
Narrow-gauge railways in Denmark.

Germany Mine railways in Mayen
557 mm 21+15⁄16 in Dominican Republic Transport in the Dominican Republic
560 mm 22+1⁄16 in Germany Salt mine railway in Berchtesgaden[23]
575 mm 22+5⁄8 in Germany Iron ore mine railways in Bad Ems and Ramsbeck[24]
578 mm 1 ft 10+3⁄4 in United States Lakeside Amusement Park & San Francisco Zoo
Wales Penrhyn Quarry Railway
580 mm 22+27⁄32 in Austria Wolfsegg Traunthaler Kohlenwerke in Ampflwang im Hausruckwald[25]
Hungary Mining railways in Dorog (defunct)
597 mm 1 ft 11+1⁄2 in See 2 ft and 600 mm gauge railways
2 ft gauge railways in Australia
2 ft and 600 mm gauge railways in the United Kingdom
600 mm 1 ft 11+5⁄8 in
603 mm 1 ft 11+3⁄4 in
610 mm 2 ft
620 mm 2 ft 13⁄32 in Slovenia Cave railway in the Postojna Cave[26]
622 mm 2 ft 1⁄2 in Wales Penrhyn Quarry Railway, until 1879
630 mm 24+13⁄16 in Germany Brickworks in Zehdenick[27]
655 mm 2 ft 1+25⁄32 in Germany Schlebusch-Harkorter Coal Railway[citation needed]
660 mm 2 ft 2 in Germany Industrial and mine railways in Saarland and Rhineland-Palatinate
Japan Yamanashi horse-drawn tramway
Wales Cwt y Bugail quarry
682 mm 2+27⁄32 in Denmark See Narrow-gauge railways in Denmark
686 mm 2 ft 3 in See List of 2 ft 3 in gauge railways
693 mm 2 ft 3+9⁄32 in Sweden 28 Swedish inches.[28] Several railways.
700 mm 2 ft 3+9⁄16 in Denmark See Narrow-gauge railways in Denmark and Narrow-gauge railways in Europe. Common for sugar beet or sugar cane railways and peat railways. Hedeland veteran railway is preserveddk.[29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41]
  • Store Vildmose railway don’t exist anymore, only a few materials and only one train remains for preservation on Hedeland veteran railway.[42][43][35][44][45]
  • Stenvad Mosebrug (Stenvad Mosebrugscenter), Mosebrugsbanen peat museum railway is preserved.[46][47][48][49]
  • Bunkermuseum Hanstholm museum (MuseumsCenter Hanstholm) railway is preserved.[50][51]
  • Blovstrød Banen railway is preserved.
  • Lille Vildmose (Lille Vildmosecentret), Lille Vildmose Museum Center, Dokkedal railway is preserved.[52][53]
  • Ree Park – America Expresses.[54]
  • Østerbygård Dambrug is an active industrial railway.[55]
  • Fuglsø mose is an active industrial railway.[56][57]
  • Pindstrup Mosebrug is an active industrial railway.[58][59][60][61][62][63][64][43]
England Biwater Pipes and Castings[65]
France Chemin de fer d'Abreschviller
Hungary Pálházi State Forest Railway (1888-1947, rebuilt to 760 mm)
Indonesia Once used by 36 sugar mills in Java, only 23 still in use.
Latvia Used in some peat railways
Netherlands Used in industrial, peat, and field railways
711 mm 2 ft 4 in England Snailbeach District Railways
716 mm 2 ft 4+3⁄16 in Poland Dobre Aleksandrowskie – Kruszwica railway[66] (operating tourist railway)
724 mm 2 ft 4+1⁄2 in Wales Guest Keen Baldwins Iron and Steel Company Ltd.: Briton Ferry Steelworks,[67] Glyn Valley Tramway
737 mm 2 ft 5 in England St. Michael's Mount Tramway[68]
740 mm 2 ft 5+1⁄8 in Luxembourg Minière et Métallurgique de Rodange mine railway[69]
750 mm 2 ft 5+1⁄2 in See 750 mm gauge railways
760 mm 2 ft 5+15⁄16 in Bulgaria Origin: 1⁄2 Austrian fathom
See Bosnian gauge

Septemvri - Dobriniste narrow railway

762 mm 2 ft 6 in See 2 ft 6 in gauge railways
765 mm 2 ft 6+1⁄8 in DR Congo Matadi–Kinshasa Railway, converted to 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) 1925–1931.[70]
775 mm 2 ft 6+1⁄2 in England Jee's Hartshill Granite Quarry[71]
Germany Bombergbahn [de], a funicular a funicular in Bad Pyrmont
785 mm 2 ft 6+29⁄32 in Denmark See Narrow-gauge railways in Europe and Narrow-gauge railways in Denmark. Hjerl Hede museum (Frilandsmuseum) peat railway is preserved, 785 mm 2 ft 6+29⁄32 in and 791 mm 2 ft 7+5⁄32 in gauges are both used on this railway.[72]
Germany Origin: 2+1⁄2 Prussian feet
Bröl Valley Railway
Poland Silesian Interurbans, Upper Silesian Narrow Gauge Railways
791 mm 2 ft 7+5⁄32 in Denmark See Narrow-gauge railways in Denmark and Narrow-gauge railways in Europe. Faxe Jernbane in southern Zealand, 791 mm 2 ft 7+5⁄32 in and 785 mm 2 ft 6+29⁄32 in, 2½ feet (785 mm) both gauges were used at Faxe Jernbane and Faxe limestone quarry, none remains, only a few materials and trains from Faxe Jernbane and Faxe limestone quarry remains for preservation on Hedeland veteran railwaydk.[73][74]
800 mm 2 ft 7+1⁄2 in See 800 mm gauge railways
802 mm 2 ft 7+9⁄16 in Sweden Far behind 891 mm (2 ft 11+3⁄32 in), one of the most common narrow gauges in Sweden, for example the Hällefors-Fredriksberg Railways [sv] (1874–1970) in Värmland. Never formed much of a network, none remain.
813 mm 2 ft 8 in England Winnal Gasworks Railway[75]
Wales Rhosydd Quarry, a counterbalance weight for a 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) gauge incline;
820 mm 2 ft 8+9⁄32 in Germany Prince William Railway Company, Wuppertal-Vohwinkel–Essen-Überruhr railway, converted to standard gauge.
825 mm 2 ft 8+1⁄2 in England Brighton and Rottingdean Seashore Electric Railway (a vehicle that ran on two parallel 2 ft 8+1⁄2 in (825 mm) gauge tracks, billed as 18 ft (5.5 m) gauge), Furzebrook Railway and Volk's Electric Railway
838 mm 2 ft 9 in Japan Nankai Railway (former gauge, converted to 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in gauge)
England Seaton Tramway, Volk's Electric Railway (former gauge)
850 mm 2 ft 9+15⁄32 in Italy Ponte Tresa-Luino (1924: converted to 1,100 mm (3 ft 7+5⁄16 in) gauge, 1950: closed)

Menaggio–Porlezza railway (1939: closed)

860 mm 2 ft 9+7⁄8 in Germany Alsen´sche Portland-Cementfabrik KG in Itzehoe[76]
876 mm 2 ft 10+1⁄2 in England Biwater Pipes and Castings[77] Cattybrook Brickworks railway[18]
880 mm 2 ft 10+21⁄32 in Germany Bayerisches Moor- und Torfmuseum,[78] Peat museum (operating)
Norway Industrial railway in Stokke
889 mm 2 ft 11 in England Miller Engineering & Construction Ltd. Sandiacre depot[79]
Germany Schlebusch-Harkorter Coal Railway[citation needed]
891 mm 2 ft 11+3⁄32 in Sweden 3 Swedish feet

See Swedish three foot gauge railways

900 mm 2 ft 11+7⁄16 in See 900 mm gauge railways
914 mm 3 ft See 3 ft gauge railways
3 ft gauge railways in the United Kingdom
925 mm 3 ft 13⁄32 in Germany Trams in Chemnitz, since in 1914
943 mm 3 ft 1+1⁄8 in England Central Electricity Generating Board Fawley Tunnel[75]
946 mm 3 ft 1+1⁄4 in Austria Gletscherbahn Kaprun 2,[80] a funicular partly inside a tunnel.
950 mm 3 ft 1+3⁄8 in Eritrea Eritrean Railway
Hungary Zsuzsi Forest Railway (1882-1961, re-built to 760 mm)
Italy Cagliari light rail, Circumvesuviana, Dolomites Railway, Ferrovia Circumetnea, Ferrovie della Sardegna, Metrosassari, Rome–Giardinetti railway, Rome–Fiuggi railway
Libya Italian Libya Railways
Somalia Mogadishu-Villabruzzi Railway
955 mm 3 ft 1+19⁄32 in Switzerland Polybahn funicular
965 mm 3 ft 2 in England Clifton Rocks Railway
United States Birmingham Coal Company Railroad, Detroit, Bay City & Alpena Railroad and Keeling Coal Company
972 mm 3 ft 2+1⁄4 in England Betchworth Quarry Railways
985 mm 3 ft 2+25⁄32 in Switzerland Zugerbergbahn funicular
1,000 mm 3 ft 3+3⁄8 in See metre-gauge railway
1,009 mm 3 ft 3+23⁄32 in Bulgaria Sofia Tramway
1,016 mm 3 ft 4 in Scotland Kilmarnock and Troon Railway
United States Coal Hill Coal Railroad, Keeling Coal Company, Pittsburgh and Castle Shannon Plane, Pittsburgh and Castle Shannon Railroad
1,029 mm 3 ft 4+1⁄2 in England Herne Bay Pier Railway
1,035 mm 3 ft 4+3⁄4 in England Lake Lock Rail Road
1,040 mm 3 ft 5 in Austria Festungsbahn (Salzburg)
1,050 mm 3 ft 5+11⁄32 in Jordan Hejaz railway
Syria
Lebanon and Syria Former Beyrouth – Damascus Railway, in Lebanon mostly dismantled
Syria and
Saudi Arabia 		Hejaz railway (Damascus–Medina)
1,055 mm 3 ft 5+1⁄2 in Algeria National Company for Rail Transport
1,067 mm 3 ft 6 in See 3 ft 6 in gauge railways
1,093 mm 3 ft 7 in England Middlesbrough Corporation Tramways, Middlesbrough, Stockton and Thornaby Electric Tramways Company and Swinefleet Works
Sweden Köping-Uttersberg-Riddarhyttan Railway, 1864–1968. The gauge was by mistake.
1,099 mm 3 ft 7+1⁄4 in Sweden Christinehamn - Sjöändans järnväg [sv][81] 44 Swedish inches[28]
1,100 mm 3 ft 7+5⁄16 in Brazil The Santa Teresa Tramway in Rio de Janeiro
Germany Braunschweig tram system; tram systems in Kiel and Lübeck, closed
Italy Former SVIE (Società Varesina per Impresse Electriche) network around Varese, circa 1903–1955
1,106 mm 3 ft 7+1⁄2 in Austria Horse-drawn railway from Gmunden in the Salzkammergut to Budweis, now in the Czech Republic; coal railways Thomasroith–Attnang and Breitenschützing–Kohlgrube. 3 Austrian Fuß (ft) 6 Zoll (inch)
1,130 mm 3 ft 8+1⁄2 in England London Pneumatic Despatch Company
1,143 mm 3 ft 9 in England Lynton and Lynmouth Cliff Railway, Saltburn Cliff Lift (until 1921)
1,151 mm 3 ft 9.3150 in Belgium Used on line 59 between 1844 and 1897 when the line was privately operated.[82][83][84]
1,156 mm 3 ft 9+1⁄2 in United States Arcata and Mad River Railroad, Northern Redwood Lumber Company[85]
1,168 mm 3 ft 10 in United States (Puerto Rico) El Conquistador Resort
1,188 mm 3 ft 10+25⁄32 in Sweden Engelsberg–Norberg Railway
Indonesia Trams in Jakarta
1,200 mm 3 ft 11+1⁄4 in China Chaoyang Commuter Rail [zh], Chaoyang District, Shantou, China
France Funiculars: Funiculaire du Perce-Neige in Tignes, and Funival at Val-d'Isère
Italy Funiculars: Central Funicular of the Naples Metro, Gardena Ronda Express in Val Gherdëina (South Tyrol)
Switzerland Parsenn funicular at Davos, Rheineck–Walzenhausen mountain railway (part of St. Gallen S-Bahn), St. Moritz–Corviglia funicular (lower section only of 436 metres (1,430 ft) route-length only - upper section is 1,440 mm (4 ft 8+11⁄16 in) gauge), Thunersee–Beatenberg funicular in Bern canton
1,217 mm 3 ft 11+29⁄32 in Sweden Four lines, all converted to standard gauge before 1900, still in use. 1217 mm is based on Swedish feet but compatible with locomotives of 1,219 mm (4 ft). See:Narrow gauge railways in Sweden
1,219 mm 4 ft England Furzebrook Railway (c.1830–1957), Redruth and Chasewater Railway 1826–1915,
Bradford Corporation Tramways, Keighley Tramway and a cluster in the NW of England
Isle of Man First Falcon Cliff lift (closed 1896), Port Soderick Cliff Lift, (closed 1939), Douglas Head Funicular Railway (closed 1953)
New Zealand Wellington tramway system: electric trams, closed 1964.
Scotland Falkirk and District Tramways (1905–1936), Glasgow Subway
United States Former tram systems in Canton, Ohio; Honolulu, Hawaii; Laredo, Texas; Pueblo, Colorado; San Antonio, Texas.
Wales Padarn Railway (1842–1961), Saundersfoot Railway (1829–1939)
1,245 mm 4 ft 1 in England Middleton Railway, converted to standard gauge after 1881
United States Hecla and Torch Lake Railroad[86]
1,270 mm 4 ft 2 in England Surrey Iron Railway
Wales Merthyr Tramroad, Rumney Railway
1,283 mm 4 ft 2+1⁄2 in England Saltburn Cliff Lift (from 1922)
1,295 mm 4 ft 3 in United States Delaware and Hudson Canal Company Gravity Railroad, Delaware and Hudson Railway and Haytor Granite Tramway
1,300 mm 4 ft 3+3⁄16 in France Funiculars of Lyon (Lyon, France)
Austria Reisszug (Salzburg, Austria)
1,321 mm 4 ft 4 in England Mansfield and Pinxton Railway
Wales Monmouthshire Railway and Canal Company (Newport and Pontypool Railway)
1,333 mm 4 ft 4+1⁄2 in England Belvoir Castle tramway[87]
1,350 mm 4 ft 5+5⁄32 in Brazil Santos tramways (closed 1971)[88] and later Santos heritage tramways (1984–86 and 2000–present)[89]
1,372 mm 4 ft 6 in See 4 ft 6 in gauge railway
1,384 mm 4 ft 6+1⁄2 in Scotland various railways in Scotland prior to 1840
1,397 mm 4 ft 7 in Wales Duffryn Llynvi and Porthcawl Railway[90]
1,416 mm 4 ft 7+3⁄4 in England Huddersfield Corporation Tramways
Scotland List of town tramway systems in Scotland
1,422 mm 4 ft 8 in United States Centreville Military Railroad; Green Mountain Cog Railway; Manassas Gap Railroad; Mount Washington Cog Railway
England prior to 1846 (proto standard gauge)
1,429 mm 4 ft 8+1⁄4 in United States Washington Metro

Standard gauge

[edit]
Main article: Standard-gauge railway
GWR dual gauge (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in and 7 ft 0+1⁄4 in) pointwork at Didcot
1,000 mm 3 ft 3+3⁄8 in & 1,435 mm 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in Liberec dual tram gauge.
Gauge Country or Region Notes
Metric Imperial
1,432 mm 4 ft 8+3⁄8 in Hong Kong Disneyland Resort line, Island line (excluding West Island line), Kwun Tong line (excluding Kwun Tong line extension), Tseung Kwan O line, Tsuen Wan line, Tung Chung line[91]
Bucharest Bucharest Metro
1,435 mm 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in See Category:Standard gauge railways Standard gauge is defined both in metric and in imperial units. It is also the best-known gauge worldwide; 55% of the world uses this track. In 2020, China’s rail network is standard gauge, with around 79,685 km (49,514 mi) of line.[92]
1,440 mm 4 ft 8+11⁄16 in Switzerland St. Moritz–Corviglia funicular (upper section of 1,616 metres or 5,302 feet route-length only - lower section is 1,200 mm (3 ft 11+1⁄4 in) gauge)

Broad gauge

[edit]
Main article: Broad-gauge railway
Five collocated track gauges.
Triple Gauge Australia.
Broad gauge and standard gauge track at Didcot.
Broad Gauge mixed gauge track, Didcot Railway Centre, Oxfordshire.
Gauge Country or Region Notes
Metric Imperial
 
1,445 mm 4 ft 8+7⁄8 in Italy Tramway networks in Milan, Turin and Rome; Orvieto Funicular; railway network until 1930.
Spain Madrid Metro
1,448 mm 4 ft 9 in England Manchester and Leeds Railway
United States Danville, Hazleton and Wilkes-Barre Railroad, Strasburg Rail Road (converted to standard gauge).[citation needed]
1,450 mm 4 ft 9+3⁄32 in Germany Dresdner Verkehrsbetriebe AG, Trams in Dresden
1,458 mm 4 ft 9+13⁄32 in Germany Trams in Leipzig
1,473 mm 4 ft 10 in United States The Midwest, until after the Civil War (Ohio gauge)
1,492 mm 4 ft 10+3⁄4 in Canada Toronto Suburban Railway[93] from 1891–1917. 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) until the end at 1931
1,495 mm 4 ft 10+7⁄8 in Canada Toronto gauge: Halton County Radial Railway, Toronto streetcar system, and Toronto subway (Lines 1, 2, and 4)[93]
1,520 mm 4 ft 11+27⁄32 in Former USSR Also named Russian gauge.
See 5 ft and 1520 mm gauge railways & Confederate railroads in the American Civil War
1,522 mm 4 ft 11+29⁄32 in Finland Helsinki Metro[94]
1,524 mm 5 ft Finland In 1862 the first railway connection in Grand Duchy of Finland were built with five foot railway gauge,[95] however that gauge was first introduced in United Kingdom.[96]
1,537 mm 5 ft 1⁄2 in England London and Blackwall Railway 1840–1849, converted to standard gauge
1,575 mm 5 ft 2 in Spain Ferrocarril de Langreo
United States Columbus Ohio streetcars[97]
1,581 mm 5 ft 2+1⁄4 in United States Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority (SEPTA),[98] Philadelphia
1,588 mm 5 ft 2+1⁄2 in United States Pennsylvania trolley gauge[98]
1,600 mm 5 ft 3 in Germany Grand Duchy of Baden State Railway 1840-1854, converted to standard gauge
Ireland See 5 ft 3 in gauge railways
Australia States of Victoria and South Australia
1,613 mm 5 ft 3+1⁄2 in United States Sacramento Valley Railroad (1852–77)
1,620 mm 5 ft 4 in South Korea U Line
1,638 mm 5 ft 4+1⁄2 in United States Baltimore, Baltimore Streetcar System (defunct)[99] and Baltimore Streetcar Museum (operating)
1,664 mm 5 ft 5+1⁄2 in Portugal 5 Portuguese feet
Converted to 1,668 mm from 1955[100]
1,668 mm 5 ft 5+21⁄32 in See Iberian gauge
1,672 mm 5 ft 5+13⁄16 in
 Spain 6 Castilian feet
Spanish national rail network Converted to 1,668 mm (5 ft 5+21⁄32 in) Iberian gauge from 1955;[100] The current Barcelona metro line 1 and Cercanías Málaga.
1,676 mm 5 ft 6 in India See 5 ft 6 in gauge railway
United States Bay Area Rapid Transit (excluding eBART and OAK Airport line); Some lines in New England were built to this gauge including Androscoggin (until 1861), Maine Central (until 1871), Vermont Central (until 1870s), Grand Trunk (until 1877), Buckfield Branch / Portland & Oxford Central (until 1878), European & North American (until 1877), and Bangor & Piscataquis (until 1877).
1,700 mm 5 ft 7 in [citation needed] South Korea Busan Metro Line 4, Sillim Line
1,727 mm 5 ft 8 in England Babbacombe Cliff Railway and Fisherman's Walk Cliff Railway
1,740 mm 5 ft 8 1⁄2 in United States Gualala River Railroad[101]
1,750 mm 5 ft 8+7⁄8 in France Ligne de Sceaux Paris to Limours via Saint-Rémy-lès-Chevreuse, until 1891
1,800 mm 5 ft 10+7⁄8 in Germany Oberweißbacher Bergbahn (funicular section only)[102][103]
United States Hogwarts Express (located in Universal Orlando Resort)
1,829 mm 6 ft India In the 19th century, engineers considered this gauge but finally settled on 5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm)
Russia Saint Petersburg - Tsarskoe Selo Railways, 1837–1897.
United States Albany and Susquehanna Railroad, Erie Railroad until June 22, 1880, Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad March–May 1876, Predominant gauge used by railroads along southern tier of New York State that connected to the pioneering Erie Railroad. Most lines converted to standard gauge 1876-1880, along with the Erie.
1,850 mm 6 ft 27⁄32 in Canada Falls Incline Railway[104] in the city of Niagara Falls, Ontario
1,880 mm 6 ft 2 in Ireland Ulster Railway, 1839–1846, re-gauged to 5 ft 3 in (1,600 mm)
Taiwan Taipei Metro medium-capacity rubber-tired trains (with 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) rails)
Japan SCMaglev train depots for Chuo Shinkansen.
1,945 mm 6 ft 4+9⁄16 in Netherlands Hollandsche IJzeren Spoorweg-Maatschappij, 1839–1866[99] De Arend (locomotive)
1,980 mm / 1,981 mm 6 ft 6 in Israel Haifa, Carmelit subway railway line - Funicular
England North Cliff Lift, Scarborough
2,000 mm 6 ft 6+3⁄4 in Scotland Cairngorm Mountain Railway - Funicular
2,134 mm 7 ft England Original definition of Brunel's broad gauge. This rail gauge was soon changed to 7 ft 1⁄4 in (2,140 mm)[105] to ease running in curves.
2,140 mm 7 ft 1⁄4 in South Africa East London and Table Bay harbour railways
England Brunel's Great Western Railway until converted to standard gauge by May 1892,
see Great Western Railway The "gauge war". Also, harbour railways at the Isle of Portland and Brixham
Isle of Man Port Erin Breakwater Railway
Portugal (Azores) Ponta Delgada and Horta harbour (using rolling stock from Holyhead harbour)
Wales Holyhead harbour railway
2,286 mm 7 ft 6 in England St Nicholas Cliff Lift, Scarborough
2,440 mm 8 ft United States Johnstown Inclined Plane, Johnstown, Pennsylvania
2,642 mm 8 ft 8 in China Guangzhou Metro APM Line (uses the Bombardier Innovia APM 100)
2,743 mm 9 ft Japan Lake Biwa Canal, an inclined plane near Kyoto
United States Knoxville Incline, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
3,000 mm 9 ft 10+1⁄8 in Nazi Germany See Breitspurbahn
3,048 mm 10 ft United States Fort Pitt Incline, Penn Incline, Monongahela Freight Incline and Castle Shannon Incline, Pittsburgh[106]
3,327 mm 10 ft 11 in Scotland Dalzell Iron and Steel Works, Motherwell, Lanarkshire.[107]
5,486 mm 18 ft England Magnus Volk's Brighton and Rottingdean Seashore Electric Railway[108]
8,200 mm 26 ft 10+27⁄32 in Austria Lärchwandschrägaufzug[109]
9,000 mm 29 ft 6+5⁄16 in Russia Krasnoyarsk ship lift[110]
South Australian Railways triple-gauge change-over trackwork, from one common rail to NG in middle.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Brandhøjbanen – Minijernbane med damp-, el- og motordrevne lokomotiver" (in Danish). Retrieved 2024-09-24.
  2. ^ "Minijernbanen - Hedeland". hedeland.dk (in Danish). Retrieved 2024-09-24.
  3. ^ "Museum i Odense | Oplev Danmarks Jernbanemuseum i Odense". www.jernbanemuseet.dk (in Danish). Retrieved 2024-09-24.
  4. ^ "Danmarks Jernbanemuseum". VisitFyn (in Danish). Retrieved 2024-09-24.
  5. ^ "Besøg Danmarks Jernbanemuseum i Odense". VisitOdense (in Danish). Retrieved 2024-09-24.
  6. ^ "Sporvejsmuseet Skjoldenæsholm - Forside". www.sporvejsmuseet.dk. Retrieved 2024-09-24.
  7. ^ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ibfnkUOCCOc
  8. ^ Studie tur til en havebane. | By Fyns Tog Park | Facebook. Retrieved 2024-09-24 – via www.facebook.com.
  9. ^ Dansk Jernbane-Klub (2022-09-14). Bred Banen - havebane i mål 1:8. Retrieved 2024-09-24 – via YouTube.
  10. ^ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X92bBu3Rpf0
  11. ^ "Modelbane Europa - Modelbane Europa". modelbaneeuropa.dk. Retrieved 2024-09-24.
  12. ^ "Facebook". www.facebook.com. Retrieved 2024-09-24.
  13. ^ 1.1K views · 41 reactions | Rhb | Blandet tog på banen fra Rhb (Rigtig Have Bane) | By Elling's havebane | Facebook. Retrieved 2024-09-24 – via www.facebook.com.
  14. ^ "havebane.dk - Velkommen til Havebane.dk". www.havebane.dk. Retrieved 2024-09-24.
  15. ^ "Sidste dag på Danmarks største digitale styredede havebane – Spor1øst" (in Danish). Retrieved 2024-09-24.
  16. ^ "Nieuw ballastbed voor spoorlijn Dierenpark Amersfoort" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 April 2016. Retrieved 1 June 2016.
  17. ^ "DSM Andere - Algemene Informatie Materieel". Archived from the original on 4 August 2016. Retrieved 1 June 2016.
  18. ^ a b Nicholson, Peter (1975). Industrial Narrow Gauge Railways in Britain. Bradford, Barton. ISBN 0-85153-236-5.
  19. ^ a b Industrial Locomotives 1979: including preserved and minor railway locomotives. Industrial Railway Society. 1979. ISBN 0-901096-38-5.
  20. ^ Track gauge by size From Czech wiki
  21. ^ "Littlethorpe Potteries website article on pot making". Archived from the original on 2009-03-25.
  22. ^ "DGEG - Deutsche Gesellschaft für Eisenbahngeschichte - Spurweiten 500 bis 599 mm - Eisenbahn Eisenbahngeschichte Eisenbahnhistorie Museen Eisenbahnmuseum Eisenbahn-Geschichte Zeitschrift". Archived from the original on 15 August 2016. Retrieved 1 June 2016.
  23. ^ "Bahn-Express - Magazin für Werkbahnfreunde". Archived from the original on 3 August 2016. Retrieved 1 June 2016.
  24. ^ "Fahrzeugliste". Archived from the original on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 1 June 2016.
  25. ^ "Ruhrthaler Feldbahnloks". Archived from the original on 6 May 2016. Retrieved 1 June 2016.
  26. ^ "A short history of a truly unique train". www.postojnska-jama.eu. Retrieved 2022-02-02. The work on laying tracks, which were 1,534 metres in length and had a track gauge of 620 mm, started in March 1872
  27. ^ "Bahn-Express - Magazin für Werkbahnfreunde". Archived from the original on 3 August 2016. Retrieved 1 June 2016.
  28. ^ a b "Swedish narrow gauge - Mjk Trefoten". Archived from the original on 5 July 2016. Retrieved 1 June 2016.
  29. ^ "Klubbens historie - Hedelands Veteranbane" (in Danish). 2016-03-24. Retrieved 2024-09-24.
  30. ^ "Veteranbanen - Hedeland" (in Danish). Retrieved 2024-09-24.
  31. ^ "English - Hedelands Veteranbane". 2016-05-15. Retrieved 2024-09-24.
  32. ^ https://www.jernbanen.dk/forum2/index.php?mode=thread&id=78123
  33. ^ "EVP - Smalspor. - Diverse". evp.dk. Retrieved 2024-09-24.
  34. ^ "Forums". www.smalspor.dk. Retrieved 2024-09-24.
  35. ^ a b "Smalsporsbaner | Nordjyllands jernbaner" (in Danish). Retrieved 2024-09-24.
  36. ^ "Smalsporede industribanelokomotiver". www.smalspor.dk. Retrieved 2024-09-24.
  37. ^ "Smalsporede industribanelokomotiver". www.smalspor.dk. Retrieved 2024-09-24.
  38. ^ "Smalsporede industribanelokomotiver". www.smalspor.dk. Retrieved 2024-09-24.
  39. ^ www.smalspor.dk (2018-06-17), Talyllyn Railway 11. jun. 2018 11.39.16, retrieved 2024-09-24
  40. ^ "Køreplan 2024 - Hedelands Veteranbane" (in Danish). 2016-03-24. Retrieved 2024-09-24.
  41. ^ https://hedeland.dk/uploads/444SommerkortHedeland12.04.2021_2komprimeret.pdf
  42. ^ "3 Vildmosetilsynet No 3, damp. Arkiv - Hedelands Veteranbane" (in Danish). Retrieved 2024-09-24.
  43. ^ a b Kiersgaard, Vibeke Noergaard (2021-09-03). "Klynevogn fra Pindstrup Mosebrug". Kongerslev9293.dk (in Danish). Retrieved 2024-09-24.
  44. ^ "EVP - Store Vildmose". evp.dk. Retrieved 2024-09-24.
  45. ^ https://www.jernbanen.dk/forum2/index.php?mode=thread&id=28111
  46. ^ "Stenvad Mosebrug - English". Stenvad Mosebrug (in Danish). Retrieved 2024-09-24.
  47. ^ Adam (2024-06-26). "Narrow-Gauge Railway". Stenvad Mosebrug (in Danish). Retrieved 2024-09-24.
  48. ^ Adam (2024-05-31). "Mosebanen". Stenvad Mosebrug (in Danish). Retrieved 2024-09-24.
  49. ^ https://www.jernbanen.dk/forum2/index.php?mode=thread&id=36041
  50. ^ "Museumsbanen". Museumscenter Hanstholm (in Danish). Retrieved 2024-09-24.
  51. ^ "Smalsporede industribanelokomotiver". www.smalspor.dk. Retrieved 2024-09-24.
  52. ^ "Udendørsaktiviteter - Besøg oplevelsesuniverset i naturen". Lille Vildmose Centret (in Danish). Retrieved 2024-09-24.
  53. ^ "Remisen Dokkedal - Velkommen". www.remisen-dokkedal.dk. Retrieved 2024-09-24.
  54. ^ "Amerika Expressen - Ree Park Safari". reepark.dk (in Danish). Retrieved 2024-09-24.
  55. ^ Hansen, Bent. "Dambrugsbanerapport 2012 | Bents bane" (in Danish). Retrieved 2024-09-24.
  56. ^ https://jernbane.net/bo/subpage.php?s=3&t=8515
  57. ^ Dansk Jernbane-Klub (2023-11-18). Smalspor i Fuglsø mose. Retrieved 2024-09-24 – via YouTube.
  58. ^ "Pindstrup runder omsætning på milliard – Dokkedal" (in Danish). 2022-02-12. Retrieved 2024-09-24.
  59. ^ Elsøe, Bolette (2022-02-12). "Rammer milliardomsætning: Over 110 år gammel familievirksomhed slår rekord". Finans (in Danish). Retrieved 2024-09-24.
  60. ^ "Historien om Pindstrup Mosebrug - del 2". dk.linkedin.com (in Danish). Retrieved 2024-09-24.
  61. ^ "Pindstrup Mosebrug Traktor 257, 2000 Store Vildmose". Railorama (in Danish). Retrieved 2024-09-24.
  62. ^ "arkiv.dk | Pindstrup Mosebrug, Kongerslev". arkiv.dk. Retrieved 2024-09-24.
  63. ^ "PINDSTRUP | Midtdjurs Lokalarkiv" (in Danish). Retrieved 2024-09-24.
  64. ^ "Pindstrup Mosebrug Traktor 006, 1998 Lille Vildmose". Railorama (in Danish). Retrieved 2024-09-24.
  65. ^ "List of 2 ft gauge railways worldwide". Archived from the original on May 9, 2007.
  66. ^ "Twoja Kruszwica: Kruszwicka Kolejka Dojazdowa - "wojenna" linia Cukrowni Kruszwica. - Portal Historii i Współczesności Kruszwicy". Archived from the original on 7 August 2016. Retrieved 1 June 2016.
  67. ^ "1974 Aidan Fuller Memorial Trophy Photographic Competition Entry". The Industrial Railway Record. 60. Industrial Railway Society: 49. 1975.
  68. ^ Dart, Maurice (2005). Cornwall Narrow Gauge including the Camborne & Redruth tramway. Middleton Press. ISBN 1-904474-56-X.
  69. ^ "Le chemin de fer des Mines de la S.A. Minière et Métallurgique de Rodange (MMR)". Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 1 June 2016.
  70. ^ Neil Robinson: World Rail Atlas and Historical Summary 7. North, East and Central Africa. 2009.
  71. ^ "Industrial Railways: Baganall 0-6-0ST Works No 1911 Baganall 0-6-0ST Works No 1911 'Stafford' is seen at Jee's Hartshill Granite quarry". Warwickshire Railways. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 1 June 2016.
  72. ^ https://hjerlhede.dk/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/03/Damptoget-1929-1.pdf
  73. ^ https://www.jernbanen.dk/artikler.php?artno=45
  74. ^ Dansk Jernbane-Klub (2021-12-21). Faxe Jernbane. Retrieved 2024-09-24 – via YouTube.
  75. ^ a b Mitchell, Vic & Smith, Keith (2004). Hampshire Narrow Gauge including the Isle of Wight. Middleton Press. ISBN 1-904474-36-5.
  76. ^ Die „Kreidebahn“ zwischen Itzehoe und Lägerdorf Archived 2014-05-05 at the Wayback Machine
  77. ^ Industrial Narrow Gauge Railways in England Archived 2014-02-22 at the Wayback Machine
  78. ^ Barchewitz, Ekkehard. "Feldbahn - Bayerisches Moor-und Torfmuseum Rottau :: Industriedenkmal, Museum, Feldbahn und wundervolle Natur". Archived from the original on 29 May 2016. Retrieved 1 June 2016.
  79. ^ Bryant, R.S., ed. (1987). Industrial Locomotives, including preserved and minor railway locomotives. Industrial Railway Society. ISBN 0-901096-55-5.
  80. ^ "Lift-World :: Liftdatenbank : 180-FUC Gletscherbahn Kaprun 2". Archived from the original on 24 June 2016. Retrieved 1 June 2016.
  81. ^ "Filipstads Gille". Archived from the original on 4 August 2016. Retrieved 1 June 2016.
  82. ^ Marc Clarysse. De lijn Antwerpen-Gent (in Dutch).
  83. ^ Annuaire spécial des chemins de fer belges (in French). Vol. 1. 1867. p. 216.
  84. ^ Ligne 59 (Anvers) Y Est Berchem - Saint-Nicolas – Gand Dampoort
  85. ^ Robertson, Donald B. (1998). Encyclopedia of Western Railroad History. Vol. IV. Caldwell, ID: Caxton Printers. p. 166. ISBN 0-87004-385-4. OCLC 13456066.
  86. ^ Joint Documents of the State of Michigan for the Year 1893. Vol. 4. Lansing, MI: Robert Smith & Company. 1893. p. 445.
  87. ^ "Narrow Gauge Railway Museum article on Belvoir Castle Tramway". Archived from the original on 2007-09-28.
  88. ^ Morrison, Allen (1989). The Tramways of Brazil: A 130-Year Survey. New York: Bonde Press. pp. 134–138. ISBN 0-9622348-1-8. Archived from the original on 2009-03-03.
  89. ^ Morrison, Allen (November 1, 2010). "The Tramways of Latin America in 2010". Archived 2010-11-08 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 2010-11-09.
  90. ^ Hughes, Stephen (1 January 1990). The Archaeology of an Early Railway System: The Brecon Forest Tramroads. Royal Commission on Ancient and Historical Monuments in Wales. ISBN 9781871184051. Archived from the original on 3 December 2017. Retrieved 1 June 2016 – via Google Books.
  91. ^ "香港鐵路(MTR)". Retrieved 1 June 2016.
  92. ^ "China unveils 400km/h gauge-changeable train". Retrieved 17 October 2023.
  93. ^ a b "Old Time Trains". Archived from the original on 3 December 2017. Retrieved 1 June 2016.
  94. ^ "Metro tracks and depot". Kaupunkiliikenne Oy. Retrieved 2023-06-22.
  95. ^ "Historic reference". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
  96. ^ "Waggonway & Railway". Retrieved 10 October 2023.
  97. ^ Campbell, Alex (2007). "Track Gauge". Archived from the original on 2008-02-26. Retrieved 2008-04-04.
  98. ^ a b Hilton, George Woodman; Due, John Fitzgerald (1 January 2000). The Electric Interurban Railways in America. Stanford University Press. ISBN 9780804740142. Archived from the original on 3 December 2017. Retrieved 1 June 2016 – via Google Books.
  99. ^ a b "Railroad Gauge Width". Паровоз ИС. Российский железнодорожный портал. Archived from the original on July 17, 2012. Retrieved 2007-11-29.
  100. ^ a b "Sistemas automáticos de cambio de ancho de vía en España" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on January 19, 2012. Retrieved 1 June 2016.
  101. ^ Robertson, Donald B. (1998). Encyclopedia of Western Railroad History. Vol. IV. Caldwell, ID: Caxton Printers. p. 126. ISBN 0-87004-385-4. OCLC 13456066.
  102. ^ Rieger, Bernhard (2006-04-23). "Oberweißbacher Bergbahn". Archived from the original on 2014-09-11. Retrieved 2014-06-29.
  103. ^ "Lift-World :: Lift-Database : 100-FUC Oberweißbacher Bergbahn". Archived from the original on 25 June 2016. Retrieved 1 June 2016.
  104. ^ "History of the Incline Railway". Archived from the original on 20 June 2016. Retrieved 1 June 2016.
  105. ^ MacDermot, E.T. (1927). History of the Great Western Railway, vol. I: 1833–1863. Paddington: Great Western Railway. p. 49. In laying the rails an extra quarter of an inch was allowed on the straight, making the gauge 7 ft 1⁄4 in (2,140 mm), strictly speaking, but it was always referred to as 7 feet.
  106. ^ "The Inclined Planes". The Street Railway Journal Souvenir: 38–40. October 1891. Archived from the original on 2016-04-05.
  107. ^ Jones, Robin. Britain's Weirdest Railways. Horncastle: Morton's Media Ltd. p. 13. ISBN 978-1-906167-25-7.
  108. ^ "Volk's Electric Sea Railway, Daddy Long Legs, The Brighton to Rottingdean Seashore Electric railway, Brighton, East Sussex, England, UK". Archived from the original on 12 June 2016. Retrieved 1 June 2016.
  109. ^ ""Lärchwandschrägaufzug" will be more modern, safer and faster - Leitner Ropeways". Archived from the original on 5 June 2014. Retrieved 1 June 2016.
  110. ^ Boat lift Krasnoyarsk hydroelectric power station on the Yen Archived 2014-04-07 at the Wayback Machine
[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_track_gauges&oldid=1252490211"