Berkelium(III) chloride

Berkelium(III) chloride
Names
	Other names Berkelium trichloride;
Identifiers
CAS Number	20063-16-5;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
PubChem CID	21149391;
	InChI InChI=1S/Bk.3ClH/h;3*1H/p-3 Key: IZRUUNBZXOYLEH-UHFFFAOYSA-K;
	SMILES [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Bk+3];
Properties
Chemical formula	BkCl3
Molar mass	353.36 g/mol
Appearance	Green solid
Melting point	603 °C (1,117 °F; 876 K)
Solubility in water	Soluble
Structure
Crystal structure	Hexagonal
Space group	P63/m
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Infobox references

Berkelium(III) chloride also known as berkelium trichloride, is a chemical compound with the formula BkCl₃. It is a water-soluble green salt with a melting point of 603 °C. This compound forms the hexahydrate, BkCl₃·6H₂O.

Preparation and reactions

This compound was first prepared in 1970 by reacting hydrogen chloride gas and berkelium(IV) oxide or berkelium(III) oxide at 520 °C:^[2]

Bk₂O₃ + 6HCl → 2BkCl₃ + 3H₂O

Berkelium(III) chloride reacts with beryllocene to produce berkelocene(Bk(C₅H₅)₃).^[3] It also reacts with oxalic acid to produce berkelium oxalate. This reaction is used to purify this compound, by reacting the oxalate with hydrochloric acid.^[4]

Structure

Anhydrous berkelium(III) chloride has a hexagonal crystal structure, is isostructural to uranium trichloride, and has the person symbol hP6. When heated it its melting point, it converts to an orthorhombic phase.^[2] However, the hexahydrate has a monoclinic crystal structure and is isostructural to americium trichloride hexahydrate with the lattice constants a = 966 pm, b = 654 pm and c = 797 pm.^[5] This hexahydrate consists of BkCl₂(OH₂)₆⁺ ions and Cl⁻ ions.

Complexes

Caesium sodium berkelium chloride is known with the formula Cs₂NaBkCl₆ and is produced by the reaction of berkelium(III) hydroxide, hydrochloric acid, and caesium chloride.^[6]

References

^ Holleman, Arnold F. and Wiberg, Nils Textbook of Inorganic Chemistry, 102 Edition, de Gruyter, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-11-017770-1
^ ^a ^b J. R. Peterson; B. B. Cunningham (1968). "Crystal structures and lattice parameters of the compounds of berkelium—II: Berkelium trichloride". Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry. 3 (3): 823–828. doi:10.1016/S0898-8838(08)60204-4.
^ Peter G. Laubereau; John H. Burns (1970). "Microchemical preparation of tricyclopentadienyl compounds of berkelium, californium, and some lanthanide elements". Inorg. Chem. 9 (5): 1091–1095. doi:10.1021/ic50087a018.
^ J. R. Peterson; J. P. Young; D. D. Ensor; R. G. Haire (1986). "Absorption spectrophotometric and x-ray diffraction studies of the trichlorides of berkelium-249 and californium-249". Inorg. Chem. 25 (21). en: 3779–3782. doi:10.1021/ic00241a015.
^ John H. Burns; Joseph Richard Peterson (1971). "Crystal structures of americium trichloride hexahydrate and berkelium trichloride hexahydrate". Inorg. Chem. 10 (1): 147–151. doi:10.1021/ic50095a029.
^ Peterson J. R. and Hobart D. E. "The Chemistry of Berkelium" in Harry Julius Emeléus (Ed.) Advances in inorganic chemistry and radiochemistry, Volume 28, Academic Press, 1984 ISBN 0-12-023628-1, pp. 29–64, doi:10.1016/S0898-8838(08)60204-4

[1] Holleman, Arnold F. and Wiberg, Nils Textbook of Inorganic Chemistry, 102 Edition, de Gruyter, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-11-017770-1

[crys-2] J. R. Peterson; B. B. Cunningham (1968). "Crystal structures and lattice parameters of the compounds of berkelium—II: Berkelium trichloride". Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry. 3 (3): 823–828. doi:10.1016/S0898-8838(08)60204-4.

[c5h5-3] Peter G. Laubereau; John H. Burns (1970). "Microchemical preparation of tricyclopentadienyl compounds of berkelium, californium, and some lanthanide elements". Inorg. Chem. 9 (5): 1091–1095. doi:10.1021/ic50087a018.

[ox-4] J. R. Peterson; J. P. Young; D. D. Ensor; R. G. Haire (1986). "Absorption spectrophotometric and x-ray diffraction studies of the trichlorides of berkelium-249 and californium-249". Inorg. Chem. 25 (21). en: 3779–3782. doi:10.1021/ic00241a015.

[cry-5] John H. Burns; Joseph Richard Peterson (1971). "Crystal structures of americium trichloride hexahydrate and berkelium trichloride hexahydrate". Inorg. Chem. 10 (1): 147–151. doi:10.1021/ic50095a029.

[6] Peterson J. R. and Hobart D. E. "The Chemistry of Berkelium" in Harry Julius Emeléus (Ed.) Advances in inorganic chemistry and radiochemistry, Volume 28, Academic Press, 1984 ISBN 0-12-023628-1, pp. 29–64, doi:10.1016/S0898-8838(08)60204-4

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