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2024 European Parliament election in the Czech Republic

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2024 European Parliament election in the Czech Republic

← 2019 7–8 June 2024 2029 →

All 21 Czech seats in the European Parliament
Opinion polls
Turnout36.45% (Increase 7.74pp)
  First party Second party Third party
 
Leader Klára Dostálová Alexandr Vondra Filip Turek
Party ANO SPOLU Přísaha–AUTO
Alliance RE ECR/EPP
Last election 21.19%, 6 seats 33.44%, 8 seats[a] New
Seats won 7 6 2
Seat change Increase1 Decrease2 New
Popular vote 776,158 661,250 304,623
Percentage 26.14% 22.27% 10.26%
Swing Increase4.95% Increase0.48% New

  Fourth party Fifth party Sixth party
 
1719413916595 20240626 KONECNA Katerina CZ 008.jpg
1718282851735 20240611 NERUDOVA Danuse CZ 008.jpg
Marcel Kolaja 4 January 2021.jpg
Leader Kateřina Konečná Danuše Nerudová Marcel Kolaja
Party Stačilo! STAN Pirates
Alliance The Left EPP Greens/EFA
Last election 6.94%, 1 seat[b] 11.65%, 1 seat[c] 13.95%, 3 seats
Seats won 2 2 1
Seat change Increase1 Increase1 Decrease2
Popular vote 283,935 258,431 184,091
Percentage 9.56% 8.70% 6.20%
Swing Increase2.62% N/A Decrease7.75%

  Seventh party
 
Petr Mach (14001188144).jpeg
Leader Petr Mach
Party SPD
Alliance ID
Last election 9.14%, 2 seats
Seats won 1
Seat change Decrease1
Popular vote 170,172
Percentage 5.73%
Swing Decrease3.41%

Elections were held in the Czech Republic from 7 to 8 June 2024 to elect 21 Czech representatives for the European Parliament, alongside the EU-wide 2024 European Parliament election. This was the fifth parliamentary election since the Czech Republic's EU accession in 2004, and the first to take place after Brexit.

Electoral system

[edit]

The 21 members were elected through semi-open list proportional representation in a single nationwide constituency with seats allocated through D'Hondt method and a 5% electoral threshold for both single parties and coalitions of two or more parties.[1]

Both Czech and EU citizens were entitled to vote in the European election in Czech Republic provided they had a permanent or temporary residence in the country at least 45 days prior to the elections. In addition, those eligible to vote had to be 18 years old by the second election day at the latest. Voter registration was required only for non-Czech EU citizens residing in Czech Republic, while Czech citizens were automatically registered in their place of residence. Citizens abroad were not able to vote by post or in Czech diplomatic missions, but may have been eligible to vote in another EU member country.[2]

Background and previous election

[edit]

The previous elections to the European Parliament were held in the Czech Republic on 24–25 May 2019. Voter turnout was 28.72%. The parties and candidates elected were:

In October 2020, Radka Maxová resigned from ANO, and in March 2021, she started cooperating as a non-party member with the Czech Social Democratic Party (ČSSD), which had not won any seats in the previous election.[3] In September 2022, Hynek Blaško resigned from SPD and now sits in the EP as an independent.[4]

In June 2022, the only STAN MEP, Stanislav Polčák, announced he was suspending his membership in the party, following allegations that he was a member of corruption group led by his party colleague Petr Hlubuček.[5] A year later, Polčák resumed his membership after the Czech police decided not to charge him with any criminal offence.[6]

Outgoing delegation

[edit]

The table shows the detailed composition of the Czech seats at the European Parliament as of 25 January 2024.

EP Group Seats Party Seats MEPs
Renew Europe
5 / 21
ANO 2011 3
Independents 2
European People's Party
5 / 21
TOP 09 2
KDU-ČSL 2
Mayors and Independents 1
European Conservatives and Reformists
4 / 21
Civic Democratic Party 4
Greens–European Free Alliance
3 / 21
Czech Pirate Party 3
Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats
1 / 21
Independents 1
Identity and Democracy
1 / 21
Freedom and Direct Democracy 1
The Left in the European Parliament – GUE/NGL
1 / 21
Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia 1
Non-Inscrits
1 / 21
Independents 1
Total 21
Source: European Parliament

Running parties

[edit]

The following parties and coalitions running in the European elections were represented in the Chamber of Deputies or in the European Parliament in time of the election:

Party Main ideology Leader(s) European party EP Group 2019 result Outgoing MEPs
Votes (%) Seats
SPOLU Together
Spolu
Liberal conservatism Alexandr Vondra ECR
EPP
ECR
EPP
33.44% [d]
8 / 21
8 / 21
ANO ANO 2011
ANO 2011
Right-wing populism Klára Dostálová ALDE RE 21.19%
6 / 21
3 / 21
Piráti Czech Pirate Party
Česká pirátská strana
Pirate politics Marcel Kolaja PPEU Greens/EFA 13.96%
3 / 21
3 / 21
STAN Mayors and Personalities for Europe
Starostové a osobnosti pro Evropu
Liberalism Danuše Nerudová None EPP 11.65% [e]
1 / 21
1 / 21
SPD and Trikolóra SPD and Tricolour Right-wing populism Petr Mach ID Party ID 9.14% [f]
2 / 21
1 / 21
Enough! Enough! Left-wing nationalism Kateřina Konečná PEL The Left 6.94%[g]
1 / 21
1 / 21
ZNČR

Alliance

Alliance for the Independence of Czechia
Aliance pro nezávislost ČR
Ultranationalism Hynek Blaško None NI 1.23%
0 / 21
1 / 21
Source:[7][8][9]

The following parties and coalitions have announced submitted their candidacy, were not represented in the Chamber of Deputies nor in the European Parliament at the time of the election, but have appeared at least one relevant opinion poll:

Party Main ideology Leader(s) European party EP Group 2019 result Outgoing MEPs
Votes (%) Seats
SOCDEM Social Democracy
Sociální demokracie
Social democracy Lubomír Zaorálek PES S&D 3.95%
0 / 21
0 / 21
Svobodní Svobodní National conservatism Libor Vondráček None None 0.65%
0 / 21
0 / 21
PRO 2022 Law, Respect, Expertise
Právo Respekt Odbornost
Right-wing populism Jindřich Rajchl None None did not exist
0 / 21
0 / 21
Přísaha and Motorists Přísaha and Motorists
Přísaha a Motoristé
Right-wing populism Filip Turek None None did not exist
0 / 21
0 / 21
Greens Green Party
Strana zelených
Green politics Johanna Nejedlová EGP Greens/EFA did not run [h]
0 / 21
0 / 21
Source:[7][9]

The following parties and coalitions were not represented in the Chamber of Deputies or the European Parliament at the time of the election and have not appeared in any relevant opinion poll:

Party Main ideology Leader(s) European party EP Group 2019 result Outgoing MEPs
Votes (%) Seats
ČR1 Czech Republic on the 1st place!
Česká republika na 1. místě!
Vaccine hesitancy Ladislav Vrabel None None did not exist
0 / 21
0 / 21
ČSSD Czech Sovereignty of Social Democracy
Česká suverenita
Nationalism Jiří Paroubek None None 0.11%
0 / 21
0 / 21
DSZ - ZA PRÁVA ZVÍŘAT Democratic Party of Greens – For Animal Rights
Demokratická strana zelených – Za práva zvířat
Green politics Hana Janišová None None 0.60%
0 / 21
0 / 21
Voice Voice
Hlas
Liberalism Milan Hamerský None RE 2.38%
0 / 21
0 / 21
KAN Club of Committed Non-Party Members
Klub angažovaných nestraníků
Liberal conservatism Stanislav Pochman None None 0.10%
0 / 21
0 / 21
LANO Liberal Alliance of Independent Citizens
Liberální aliance nezávislých občanů
Liberalism Šimon Hlinovský None None did not exist
0 / 21
0 / 21
Better Life for the People Better Life for the People
Lepší život pro lidi
Populism Pavel Opl None None did not run
0 / 21
0 / 21
The Left The Left
Levice
Democratic Socialism Jan Májíček PEL GUE/NGL did not run
0 / 21
0 / 21
aliens.eu Better EU with Aliens
Lepší EU s mimozemšťany
Political satire Tomáš Franěk None None did not exist
0 / 21
0 / 21
Mourek Tabby Cat
Mourek
Liberalism Jan Červenka None None did not exist
0 / 21
0 / 21
NOS New Direction
Nový směr
Internet access expansion Zbyněk Hromek None None did no exist
0 / 21
0 / 21
PB Right Bloc
Pravý blok
Right-wing populism Petr Cibulka None None 0.20%
0 / 21
0 / 21
FOR CZEXIT FOR CZEXIT
PRO vystoupení z EU
  • Moravané
  • Association for the Republic - Republican Party of Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia
Euroscepticism Ctirad Musil None None 0.27% [i]
0 / 21
0 / 21
REFERENDUM REFERENDUM - Voice of the People
REFERENDUM - Hlas lidu
Direct democracy Václav Sogel None None did not exist
0 / 21
0 / 21
SEN 21 and Volt SEN 21 and Volt
SEN21 a Volt
European Federalism Lenka Helena Koenigsmark EDP
Volt
REGreens/EFA did not exist
0 / 21
0 / 21
SESO Seniors for Themselves
Senioři sobě
Pensioners' interests Jaroslav Pollák None None did not exist
0 / 21
0 / 21
ŠD and SSPD-SP ŠD and SSPD-SP
ŠD a SSPD-SP
Swiss system Pynelopi Cimprichová None None did not exist
0 / 21
0 / 21
URZA Urza.cz Anarcho-capitalism Martin Urza None None did not run
0 / 21
0 / 21
Source:[7][9]

Background

[edit]

SPOLU

[edit]

The Civic Democratic Party (ODS), KDU-ČSL and TOP 09 have discussed whether they will run under the combined SPOLU banner or independently. According to reports, the ODS and TOP 09 memberships would prefer to run independently,[10] while ODS leader and Czech Prime Minister Petr Fiala favours a joint candidacy as SPOLU.[11] A combined list under the SPOLU banner is problematic due to the fact that ODS is part of the European Conservatives and Reformists EP grouping, while KDU-ČSL and TOP 09 are part of the European People's Party.[12] Sitting MEP and ODS' 2019 electoral leader Jan Zahradil was reported to be problematic for KDU-ČSL and TOP 09, as well as many ODS members such as MP Eva Decroix.[13] On 5 June 2023, Zahradil announced that he would not run in the election.[14] Alexandr Vondra has also been speculated as a potential lead candidate for ODS or SPOLU as whole.[15][13]

On 18 May 2023, members of KDU-ČSL voted in a membership referendum in favor of running independently.[16] On 20 May 2023, KDU-ČSL decided at its nomination conference that its lead candidate for the 2024 elections will be current MEP Tomáš Zdechovský. Other candidates will include: František Talíř, the 1st Deputy Governor of the South Bohemian Region; MEP Michaela Šojdrová; Ondřej Mikmek, mayor of Slatinice in Olomouc; senator and twice presidential candidate Pavel Fischer; and MP Hayato Okamura. A decision over whether KDU-ČSL will run independently or as part of the SPOLU alliance will be made by September 2023.[17][18]

On 30 October 2023, ODS, TOP 09 and KDU-ČSL announced that they will contest the election on a joint list.[19]

Czech Pirate Party

[edit]

The Czech Pirate Party launched primaries for its election list on 30 May 2023. All incumbent MEPs (Mikuláš Peksa, Markéta Gregorová and Marcel Kolaja) announced their intention to run for the position of electoral leader.[20] Former MP Mikuláš Ferjenčík also announced his candidacy, and received the endorsements of Minister of Foreign Affairs Jan Lipavský and former Mayor of Prague Zdeněk Hřib. 2019 electoral leader Marcel Kolaja soon criticised Ferjenčík, stating that the leader should be a respected politician.[15] The fifth candidate is Jana Kolaříková, chair of the South Bohemian branch of the party.[21]

ANO

[edit]

MP and former government minister Klára Dostálová is speculated to become the lead candidate for ANO 2011.[15] 2019 electoral leader Dita Charanzová was reportedly undecided whether to run again.[22] Party leader Andrej Babiš was also reported to be considering his own candidacy.[12]

STAN

[edit]

Leader of Mayors and Independents (STAN) Vít Rakušan suggested Jan Farský as his party's electoral leader.[23]

ČSSD

[edit]

Former Czech Prime Minister Jiří Paroubek has announced his intention to run in the election with his Nespokojení (Dissatisfied) movement, with the aim of connecting parties on the left of the political spectrum.[13]

SEN21+Volt

[edit]

In October 2023, Volt and SEN21 announced that they would be standing in the European elections with a joint list.[24][25][26] The head of their joint list is Lenka Koenigsmark.[27]

PRO 2022

[edit]

On 8 April 2024, ice hockey coach and former professional player Vladimír Růžička announced his candidacy for PRO 2022.[28]

Campaign

[edit]

The official campaign began on 26 January 2024, when Czech president Petr Pavel announced the official date of the election.[29] From that date, no party or coalition can spend more than 50 million crowns on campaign promotion and must create a transparent bank account within five days.[30]

Parties

[edit]

ANO

[edit]

ANO 2011 started its campaign in Zlín, where party leader Andrej Babiš and election list lead candidate Klára Dostálová presented the party's priorities: Czech sovereignty, European self-reliance, and cutting back the European Green Deal. The party also said it wants to curb illegal immigration, lessen the EU's impact on daily life, and will oppose the adoption of the Euro.[31] ANO stated that its goal is to win at least six seats.[32]

The party announced its slogan as "Česko, pro tebe všecko" (English: "Czechia, everything for you"), accompanied by pictures of Babiš and Dostálová with Czech flags painted on their cheeks. ODS bought the web domain of the slogan, and placed there a manipulated version of the graphic, featuring the slogan changed to "Rusko, pro tebe všecko” (English: "Russia, everything for you") and Russian flags instead. President Petr Pavel subsequently criticized both sides for the conduct of their campaigns, calling them "unfair and dangerous".[33]

SPOLU

[edit]

SPOLU launched its campaign in Prague, in the café of Činoherní klub, where the Civic Forum was founded around 30 years earlier. The launch was led by the leaders of the constituent parties - Petr Fiala, Markéta Pekarová Adamová and Marian Jurečka - as well as the list leader, ODS MEP Alexandr Vondra.

The alliance restated that it was an umbrella movement for conservatives, economic liberals and Christian democrats. As its slogan, it chose "Bezpečná Evropa, silnější Česko" (English: "Safe Europe, stronger Czechia") and framed the election as a "clash between democratic parties and one-man projects". Vondra said that the alliance's goal is to win the election.[34][35]

Vondra said Spolu would push for modifications of the European Green Deal.[34] As lead priorities he named defense and security, handling of immigration into Europe, and "kickstarting the European economy". He also said that wanted to replicate the "great Danish immigration model" and ease regulations concerning the manufacture of heavy weapons.[36]

STAN

[edit]

Mayors and Independents launched their campaign before all other parties, with their leader Vít Rakušan starting a series of "Debates without censorship" in January, where he visited less-developed regions, mostly in the former Sudetenland, to answer questions from the local public.[37][38][39] Some experts criticized these events, accusing Rakušan of using low-income people to gain popularity. Others praised Rakušan for creating opportunities for dialogue.[40][41]

While the early debates were not a formal part of the European election campaign, they were financed from STAN's EP election funds from the beginning.[42] In April, Rakušan passed the debates to the leaders of STAN's candidate list, Jan Farský and Danuše Nerudová.[43][44] The debates also moved to larger cities like Brno.[45][46]

As STAN's priorities, Nerudová mentioned fighting climate change, lowering the minimum voting age to 16, making the EU more accessible for young people, and preventing illegal migration.[47] She also said they want to focus on lowering economical inequality between regions, help Europe’s competitiveness and lowering bureaucracy.[48]

Pirates

[edit]

The Pirates launched their campaign on the last day of April, stating that they intend to focus on digitalization, improving quality of life, and fighting corruption and tax havens. The also mentioned support for abortion rights and LGBTQ+ rights, as well as lowering the inequality between EU regions. The party also proposed "fixing" the European Green Deal. As their goal, the party stated that it wants to win three to four seats.[49][50]

Both party leader Ivan Bartoš and list leader Marcel Kolaja criticised the political regimes in Hungary and Slovakia, calling their prime ministers "merchants of fear" who "push society towards the east". They also criticised some Czech parties, like ODS, for keeping ties with parties within the ECR faction.[51]

SPD and Tricolour

[edit]

SPD began its campaign as a series of meetings with voters and supporters, at which the party presented its candidates and manifesto.[52] The meetings were intended to gain traction for a planned demonstration on Prague's Wenceslas Square, however, only about 1,000 people attended, far less than similar demonstrations in the two previous years.[53] During the speech of SPD leader Tomio Okamura at the demonstration, opponents threw eggs at him, and were subsequently arrested.[54]

The leaders of the two parties said their goal was to attract dissatisfied ODS voters, arguing that ODS had abandoned its Eurosceptic policies and switched to support for the Green Deal, EU migration pact and euro adoption. SPD said they want to attract voters by focusing on an economic issues, and by giving the lead spot to economist and former Svobodní MEP Petr Mach.[55][56]

MEPs not standing for re-election

[edit]
Name Party Date announced Source
Jan Zahradil Civic Democratic Party (ECR) 5 June 2023 [57]
Radka Maxová Inderpendent (S&D) 31 October 2023 [58]
Stanislav Polčák Mayors and Independents (EPP) 3 January 2024 [59]
Evžen Tošenovský Civic Democratic Party (ECR) 5 April 2024 [60]

Results

[edit]
PartyVotes%Seats+/–
ANO 2011776,15826.147+1
Spolu661,25022.276–2
Přísaha and Motorists304,62310.262New
Stačilo!283,9359.562+1
Mayors and Personalities for Europe258,4318.702+1
Czech Pirate Party184,0916.201–2
Freedom and Direct DemocracyTricolour170,1725.731–1
Law, Respect, Expertise63,9592.150New
Social Democracy55,2601.860–1
Svobodní52,4081.7700
Greens46,1271.550New[j]
Alliance for the Independence of the Czech Republic14,9100.5000
Democratic Party of Greens – For Animal Rights12,4480.4200
Better Life for the People [cs]10,7670.360New
SEN 21 and Volt9,9550.340New
Czech Sovereignty of Social Democracy7,5790.2600
Czech Republic in First Place!6,8970.230New
Mourek [cs]6,7590.230New
Liberal Alliance of Independent Citizens6,5410.220New
Better EU with Aliens [cs]6,4790.220New
Hlas6,3280.2100
Club of Committed Non-Party Members4,5610.1500
FOR CZEXIT3,9120.1300
Right Bloc3,3920.1100
Swiss Democracy and SSPD–SP [cs]2,5590.090New
Urza.cz2,4260.080New
The Left2,2960.080New
Referendum – Voice of the People [cs]2,0360.070New
Seniors for Themselves [cs]1,5630.050New
New Direction [cs]1,0670.040
Total2,968,889100.00210
Valid votes2,968,88999.19
Invalid/blank votes24,3390.81
Total votes2,993,228100.00
Registered voters/turnout8,212,62836.45
Source: [1]

European groups

[edit]

Following the election, ANO 2011 left ALDE and the Renew Europe group, and subsequently co-founded Patriots for Europe. Přísaha and Motorists also joined Patriots for Europe, having initially planned to join the European Conservatives and Reformists.[61]


PartySeats+/–
Patriots for Europe9+9
European People's Party50
European Conservatives and Reformists3-1
Greens–European Free Alliance1-2
Europe of Sovereign Nations1+1
Non-Inscrits2+2
Total210

Elected MEPs

[edit]
Members of the
European Parliament

for the Czech Republic
Observers (2003)
Delegation (2004)
6th term (2004)
7th term (2009)
8th term (2014)
9th term (2019)
10th term (2024)
Num MEP Party EP Group Pref. Votes
1. Klára Dostálová ANO PfE 171,142
2. Filip Turek Přísaha PfE 152,196
3. Alexandr Vondra ODS ECR 118,492
4. Kateřina Konečná KSČM NI 115,386
5. Luděk Niedermayer TOP 09 EPP 88,631
6. Tomáš Zdechovský KDU–ČSL EPP 66,948
7. Danuše Nerudová STAN EPP 59,577
8. Jaroslava Pokorná Jermanová ANO PfE 49,683
9. Jan Farský STAN EPP 44,503
10. Veronika Vrecionová ODS ECR 35,310
11. Jaroslav Bžoch ANO PfE 31,989
12. Ondřej Kolář TOP 09 EPP 31,623
13. Ivan David SPD ESN 30,892
14. Ondřej Dostál SD-SN NI 24,403
15. Markéta Gregorová Piráti Greens-EFA 23,388
16. Nikola Bartůšek Přísaha PfE 21,162
17. Ondřej Krutílek ODS ECR 20,504
18. Jana Nagyová ANO PfE 14,448
19. Martin Hlaváček ANO PfE 10,662
20. Ondřej Knotek ANO PfE 8,565
21. Ondřej Kovařík ANO PfE 4,863
Source:[62]

Opinion polling

[edit]
Polling firm Fieldwork
date
Sample
size
SPOLU
ECREPP
ANO
Renew
Piráti
G/EFA
STAN
EPP
SPD
Trikolóra
ID
Stačilo!
Left
SOCDEM
S&D
Svobodní
NI
PaM
NI
Zelení
EGP
PRO
NI
Others Lead
7–8 June 2024 Election result 22.3
6
26.1
7
6.2
1
8.7
2
5.7
1
9.6
2
1.9
0
1.8
0
10.3
2
1.6
0
2.2
0
3.9
0
3.8
STEM 22–26 May 2024 1,623 21.5
6
23.1
6
9.4
2
10.0
3
9.5
2
8.1
2
2.9
0
2.7
0
4.7
0
1.9
0
1.8
0
4.1
0
1.6
STEM/MARK 20–27 May 2024 1,398 22.3
5
26.1
6
12.1
3
8.1
2
7.9
2
7.7
2
3.6
0
2.3
0
7.2
1
1.4
0
1.0
0
0.3
0
3.8
Phoenix Research 1–13 May 2024 1,018 17.5
5
27.4
7
9.9
2
11.5
3
6.2
1
7.0
2
5.0
1
1.3
0
2.2
0
4.2
0
7.8
1
9.9
SANEP 2–7 May 2024 1,800 19.8
5
26.7
7
10.6
3
9.9
2
10.1
3
5.9
1
3.7
0
2.9
0
4.8
0
0.5
0
3.2
0
1.9
0
6.9
STEM/Mark 28 Mar–8 April 2024 1,009 20.0
5
27.5
7
10.1
2
10.4
3
10.4
2
6.7
1
3.4
0
2.5
0
6.0
1
0.9
0
1.9
0
7.5
Data Collect 25 Mar 2024 20.9 27.3 10.8 9.3 10.9 7.1 2.9 1.5 2.5 2.5 1.9 2.4 6.4
IPSOS 23 Feb–5 Mar 2024 1,517 21.6 26.3 11.3 13.4 7.9 6.1 2.7 2.8 4.9 4.7
IPSOS Dec 2023 TBA 25.2 26.3 10.0 12.0 7.7 6.0 12.8 1.1
STEM/MARK 23–28 Nov 2023 1,010 15.0 33.8 11.4 7.3 14.7 5.4 3.6 2.9 6.0 18.8
2021 parliamentary election 8–9 Oct 2021 27.8 27.1 15.6 9.6 3.6 4.7 2.8[k] 4.7 1.0 0.9 0.7
2019 European election 24–25 May 2019 21.8[l] 21.2 14.0 11.7[m] 9.1 6.9 4.0 0.7 10.6 0.6
  1. ^ Combined results of ODS and KDU-ČSL, and STANTOP 09 coalition
  2. ^ Result of KSČM
  3. ^ Result of a STANTOP 09 coalition, and sole STAN seat within the coalition
  4. ^ ODS + TOP 09 + KDU-ČSL + STAN
  5. ^ with TOP 09
  6. ^ only SPD
  7. ^ only KSČM
  8. ^ supported TOP 09
  9. ^ only Moravané
  10. ^ Ran on TOP 09+STAN list in 2019
  11. ^ with Trikolora
  12. ^ ODS 14.6%, KDU-ČSL 7.2%
  13. ^ with TOP 09

Other surveys

[edit]
Polling firm Fieldwork
date
Sample
size
SPOLU
ECREPP
PaM
NI
Piráti
G/EFA
STAN
EPP
mimozemstani.eu
NI
LŽPL
NI
ANO
Renew
Zelení
Greens/EFA
DSZ - ZA PRÁVA ZVÍŘAT
NI
SESO
NI
Lead
Student election[63] 21–22 May 2024 22,880 15.2 14.2 11.6 9.1 6.2 6.1 5.1 4.6 4.0 2.7 1.0


References

[edit]
  1. ^ Oelbermann, Kai Friederike; Pukelsheim, Friedrich (July 2020). "The European Elections of May 2019" (PDF). European Parliament. p. 14.
  2. ^ "How to vote in Czech Republic". European Parliament. Retrieved 25 January 2024.
  3. ^ Martinek, Jan (19 March 2021). "Spoluzakladatelka ANO Maxová přestupuje v rámci europarlamentu do ČSSD". Novinky.cz (in Czech). Retrieved 4 June 2023.
  4. ^ "Europoslanec Blaško zkritizoval Okamuru a končí v SPD". Seznam Zprávy (in Czech). 15 September 2022. Retrieved 4 June 2023.
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