1960 United States presidential election in West Virginia
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All 8 West Virginia votes to the Electoral College | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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 County Results
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| Elections in West Virginia |
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The 1960 United States presidential election in West Virginia took place on November 8, 1960, as part of the 1960 United States presidential election. West Virginia voters chose eight[2] representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.
West Virginia was won by Senator John F. Kennedy (D–Massachusetts), running with Senator Lyndon B. Johnson, with 52.73 percent of the popular vote against incumbent Vice President Richard Nixon (R–California), running with United States Ambassador to the United Nations Henry Cabot Lodge Jr., with 47.27 percent of the popular vote.[3][4]
Democratic Primary
[edit]The 1960 West Virginia Democratic primary election on May 20 was seen as a turning point in the Democratic primaries. John F Kennedy had shown that he could win a primary election against the liberal Senator Hubert Humphrey in the Wisconsin primary. Although Kennedy defeated Humphrey in Wisconsin, his reliance on heavily Catholic areas left many party bosses unconvinced. Kennedy thus faced Humphrey in the heavily Protestant state of West Virginia. Humphrey's campaign was low on money and could not compete with the well-organized, well-financed Kennedy team. Kennedy's siblings combed the state looking for votes, leading Humphrey to complain that he "felt like an independent merchant running against a chain store."[5] On primary day, Kennedy crushed Humphrey with over 60% of the vote, and Humphrey withdrew from the race.
In West Virginia, Kennedy sought to show that he could win the support of Protestant voters and to remove Humphrey from the race, securing the party's liberal wing and setting up a showdown with Johnson for the nomination. Humphrey had high expectations, given that the state's population was rural, working class, ninety-five percent Protestant, and its delegates had backed him against Kennedy in the vice presidential contest four years prior.[6]
Kennedy met the religious issue head-on, hoping to redefine the race as one of "tolerance against intolerance," rather than Catholic against Protestant. He also brought Franklin Delano Roosevelt Jr. to campaign in the state; Roosevelt then raised the issue of Humphrey's failure to serve in World War II. Though Humphrey had tried and failed to serve due to physical disability,[7] Roosevelt attacked his lack of service record, publicly telling audiences, "I don't know where [Humphrey] was in World War Two," and distributing flyers that accused him of draft dodging. After the primary was over, Roosevelt apologized to Humphrey and retracted the claims,[6] which he later called his greatest political regret.[8]
Kennedy continued to outspend Humphrey heavily in West Virginia; though he publicly claimed expenditures of $100,000, later estimates placed his family's overall spending at $1.5 million, dwarfing Humphrey's $23,000.[9] Humphrey traveled the state in a rented bus, while the Kennedys used a family-owned airplane.[10] Humphrey later wrote of the West Virginia campaign, "as a professional politician I was able to accept and indeed respect the efficacy of the Kennedy campaign. But underneath the beautiful exterior, there was an element of ruthlessness and toughness that I had trouble either accepting or forgetting."[11]
On May 4, 1960, Humphrey and Kennedy took part in a televised one-on-one debate at WCHS-TV in Charleston, West Virginia, ahead of the state's primary.[12]
Kennedy defeated Humphrey soundly in West Virginia, and Humphrey announced his withdrawal from the race that night.
Results
[edit]| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | John F. Kennedy | 441,786 | 52.73% | |
| Republican | Richard Nixon | 395,995 | 47.27% | |
| Total votes | 837,781 | 100.00% | ||
Results by county
[edit]| County[13] | John F. Kennedy Democratic |
Richard Nixon Republican |
Margin | Total votes cast | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # | % | # | % | # | % | ||
| Barbour | 3,818 | 48.80% | 4,006 | 51.20% | -188 | -2.40% | 7,824 |
| Berkeley | 7,072 | 45.80% | 8,369 | 54.20% | -1,297 | -8.40% | 15,441 |
| Boone | 8,058 | 66.26% | 4,104 | 33.74% | 3,954 | 32.52% | 12,162 |
| Braxton | 4,185 | 58.43% | 2,977 | 41.57% | 1,208 | 16.86% | 7,162 |
| Brooke | 7,838 | 57.67% | 5,754 | 42.33% | 2,084 | 15.34% | 13,592 |
| Cabell | 20,911 | 43.66% | 26,988 | 56.34% | -6,077 | -12.68% | 47,899 |
| Calhoun | 1,975 | 50.37% | 1,946 | 49.63% | 29 | 0.74% | 3,921 |
| Clay | 2,859 | 54.30% | 2,406 | 45.70% | 453 | 8.60% | 5,265 |
| Doddridge | 1053 | 30.48% | 2,402 | 69.52% | -1,349 | -39.04% | 3,455 |
| Fayette | 18,109 | 70.61% | 7,537 | 29.39% | 10,572 | 41.22% | 25,646 |
| Gilmer | 2,075 | 58.93% | 1,446 | 41.07% | 629 | 17.86% | 3,521 |
| Grant | 908 | 21.41% | 3,333 | 78.59% | -2,425 | -57.18% | 4,241 |
| Greenbrier | 8,343 | 55.71% | 6,633 | 44.29% | 1,710 | 11.42% | 14,976 |
| Hampshire | 2,849 | 52.86% | 2,541 | 47.14% | 308 | 5.72% | 5,390 |
| Hancock | 11,176 | 58.19% | 8,031 | 41.81% | 3,145 | 16.38% | 19,207 |
| Hardy | 2,465 | 54.69% | 2,042 | 45.31% | 423 | 9.38% | 4,507 |
| Harrison | 20,727 | 53.00% | 18,378 | 47.00% | 2,349 | 6.00% | 39,105 |
| Jackson | 3,615 | 39.51% | 5,535 | 60.49% | -1,920 | -20.98% | 9,150 |
| Jefferson | 4,352 | 60.12% | 2,887 | 39.88% | 1,465 | 20.24% | 7,239 |
| Kanawha | 54,484 | 48.81% | 57,130 | 51.19% | -2,646 | -2.38% | 111,614 |
| Lewis | 3,649 | 41.44% | 5,157 | 58.56% | -1,508 | -17.12% | 8,806 |
| Lincoln | 5,023 | 52.31% | 4,579 | 47.69% | 444 | 4.62% | 9,602 |
| Logan | 16,360 | 67.61% | 7,836 | 32.39% | 8,524 | 35.22% | 24,196 |
| Marion | 17,903 | 55.88% | 14,138 | 44.12% | 3,765 | 11.76% | 32,041 |
| Marshall | 9,197 | 50.14% | 9,147 | 49.86% | 50 | 0.28% | 18,344 |
| Mason | 4,522 | 41.31% | 6,424 | 58.69% | -1,902 | -17.38% | 10,946 |
| McDowell | 19,501 | 74.84% | 6,555 | 25.16% | 12,946 | 49.68% | 26,056 |
| Mercer | 17,289 | 59.60% | 11,719 | 40.40% | 5,570 | 19.20% | 29,008 |
| Mineral | 4,164 | 39.80% | 6,299 | 60.20% | -2,135 | -20.40% | 10,463 |
| Mingo | 11,259 | 69.66% | 4,903 | 30.34% | 6,356 | 39.32% | 16,162 |
| Monongalia | 13,103 | 53.21% | 11,523 | 46.79% | 1,580 | 6.42% | 24,626 |
| Monroe | 2,910 | 48.11% | 3,139 | 51.89% | -229 | -3.78% | 6,049 |
| Morgan | 1,369 | 33.22% | 2,752 | 66.78% | -1,383 | -33.56% | 4,121 |
| Nicholas | 5,774 | 57.33% | 4,297 | 42.67% | 1,477 | 14.66% | 10,071 |
| Ohio | 18,423 | 51.48% | 17,367 | 48.52% | 1,056 | 2.96% | 35,790 |
| Pendleton | 2,057 | 51.59% | 1,930 | 48.41% | 127 | 3.18% | 3,987 |
| Pleasants | 1,742 | 46.78% | 1,982 | 53.22% | -240 | -6.44% | 3,724 |
| Pocahontas | 2,822 | 53.34% | 2,469 | 46.66% | 353 | 6.68% | 5,291 |
| Preston | 4,221 | 37.93% | 6,908 | 62.07% | -2,687 | -24.14% | 11,129 |
| Putnam | 4,968 | 46.56% | 5,702 | 53.44% | -734 | -6.88% | 10,670 |
| Raleigh | 20,448 | 62.85% | 12,088 | 37.15% | 8,360 | 25.70% | 32,536 |
| Randolph | 6,989 | 58.21% | 5,018 | 41.79% | 1,971 | 16.42% | 12,007 |
| Ritchie | 1,591 | 28.60% | 3,972 | 71.40% | -2,381 | -42.80% | 5,563 |
| Roane | 3,280 | 42.47% | 4,443 | 57.53% | -1,163 | -15.06% | 7,723 |
| Summers | 4,622 | 59.57% | 3,137 | 40.43% | 1,485 | 19.14% | 7,759 |
| Taylor | 3,489 | 46.64% | 3,992 | 53.36% | -503 | -6.72% | 7,481 |
| Tucker | 2,090 | 52.55% | 1,887 | 47.45% | 203 | 5.10% | 3,977 |
| Tyler | 1,558 | 30.58% | 3,537 | 69.42% | -1,979 | -38.84% | 5,095 |
| Upshur | 2,590 | 33.58% | 5,123 | 66.42% | -2,533 | -32.84% | 7,713 |
| Wayne | 9,140 | 52.93% | 8,128 | 47.07% | 1,012 | 5.86% | 17,268 |
| Webster | 3,479 | 67.32% | 1,689 | 32.68% | 1,790 | 34.64% | 5,168 |
| Wetzel | 4,338 | 45.73% | 5,149 | 54.27% | -811 | -8.54% | 9,487 |
| Wirt | 1,045 | 43.69% | 1,347 | 56.31% | -302 | -12.62% | 2,392 |
| Wood | 15,396 | 41.03% | 22,131 | 58.97% | -6,735 | -17.94% | 37,527 |
| Wyoming | 8,603 | 62.86% | 5,083 | 37.14% | 3,520 | 25.72% | 13,686 |
| Totals | 441,786 | 52.73% | 395,995 | 47.27% | 45,791 | 5.46% | 837,781 |
Counties that flipped from Republican to Democratic
[edit]- Calhoun
- Clay
- Greenbrier
- Hampshire
- Harrison
- Jefferson
- Marshall
- Mercer
- Monongalia
- Nicholas
- Raleigh
- Pocahontas
- Ohio
- Tucker
- Wayne
References
[edit]- ^ "United States Presidential election of 1960 — Encyclopædia Britannica". Retrieved June 8, 2017.
- ^ "1960 Election for the Forty-Fourth Term (1961-65)". Retrieved June 8, 2017.
- ^ "1960 Presidential General Election Results — West Virginia". Retrieved June 8, 2017.
- ^ "The American Presidency Project — Election of 1960". Retrieved June 8, 2017.
- ^ Schlesinger, Arthur M. (2002) [1978]. Robert Kennedy and His Times. New York: Houghton Mifflin Company. p. 195. ISBN 0-618-21928-5.
- ^ a b Solberg 1984, p. 209.
- ^ Dallek, Robert (1998). Flawed Giant: Lyndon Johnson and His Times, 1961–1973. Oxford University Press. p. 256. ISBN 978-0195054651.
- ^ Schlesinger, Arthur M. Jr. (1996). Robert Kennedy and His Times. New York: Ballantine Books. p. 201.
- ^ Solberg 1984, pp. 210–11.
- ^ Bryan Ward Jr. (April 26, 2013). "Battleground West Virginia Electing the President in 1960". wvculture.org. Archived from the original on November 12, 2012. Retrieved April 21, 2023.
- ^ Humphrey 1976, p. 208.
- ^ Berquist, Goodwin F. Jr. (September 1, 1960). "The Kennedy‐Humphrey debate". Today's Speech. 8 (3): 2–31. doi:10.1080/01463376009385139. Retrieved September 10, 2020.
- ^ "WV US President — November 08, 1960". Our Campaigns.
Works cited
[edit]- Humphrey, Hubert H. (1976). Education of a Public Man: My Life and Politics. Doubleday & Company. p. 207. ISBN 9780816618972.
- Solberg, Carl (1984). Hubert Humphrey: A Biography. Borealis Books. p. 208. ISBN 0-87351-473-4.
