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United States presidential elections in Arkansas

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Presidential elections in Arkansas
Map of the United States with Arkansas highlighted
Number of elections46
Voted Democratic32
Voted Republican12
Voted other2[a]
Voted for winning candidate27
Voted for losing candidate19
Elections in Arkansas
Seal of Arkansas
Federal government
Presidential elections
Presidential primaries
Democratic
2000
2004
2008
2012
2016
2020
2024
Republican
2004
2008
2012
2016
2020
2024
U.S. Senate elections
U.S. House of Representatives elections
State government
State elections
Gubernatorial elections
Lieutenant gubernatorial elections
Secretary of State elections
Attorney General elections
Treasurer elections
Senate elections
House of Representatives elections
Ballot measures
1990
Amendment 3
2004
Amendment 3
2008
Act 1
2012
Issue 1
2018
Issue 5
Little Rock
Mayoral elections
Fayetteville
Mayoral elections
Fort Smith
Mayoral elections
Springdale
Mayoral elections
Jonesboro
Mayoral elections
Rogers
Mayoral elections
Conway
Mayoral elections

Arkansas is a state in the South Central region of the United States.[1] Since its admission to the Union in June 1836, it has participated in 46 United States presidential elections. In the realigning 1860 election, Arkansas was one of the ten slave states that did not provide ballot access to the Republican nominee, Abraham Lincoln.[2] Subsequently, John C. Breckinridge won the state by a comfortable margin, becoming the first third party candidate to win Arkansas.[3] Soon after this election, Arkansas seceded from the Union and joined the Confederacy.[4] Following the secession, Arkansas did not participate in the 1864 presidential election.[5] After the Civil War, Arkansas was readmitted to the Union in 1868.[6] In the 1872 election, all six of Arkansas's electoral votes were invalidated due to various irregularities including allegations of electoral fraud.[7]

Until 1964, Arkansas was considered a stronghold state for the Democratic Party, which usually carried the state by huge margins; however, recent political realignment has led to the dominance of the Republican Party.[8] In the 1968 presidential election, American Independent Party candidate George Wallace became the second third-party presidential candidate to win Arkansas.[9] Arkansas was the only state in the 1992 presidential election to be won by a majority of the popular vote;[10] Bill Clinton, its governor at the time, won Arkansas with 53.21 percent of the vote.[11] Since Clinton won re-election in 1996, however, the state has voted consistently for the Republican Party.[12]

Presidential elections

[edit]
Key for parties
  American Independent Party – (AI)
  Constitution Party – (C)
  Constitutional Union Party – (CU)
  Democratic Party – (D)
  Dixiecrat Party – (DI)
  Farmer-Labor Party – (FL)
  Green Party – (G)
  Greenback Party – (GB)
  Independent candidate – (I)
  Know Nothing Party – (KN)
  Labor Party (19th century) – (L)
  Liberal Republican Party – (LR)
  Libertarian Party – (LI)
  National States' Rights Party – (NSR)
  Populist Party – (PO)
  Populist Party (1984) – (PO-1984)
  Progressive Party (1912) – (PR-1912)
  Progressive Party (1924) – (PR-1924)
  Prohibition Party – (PRO)
  Reform Party – (RE)
  Republican Party – (R)
  Socialist Party of America – (S)
  Southern Democratic Party – (SD)
  Whig Party – (W)
Note – A double dagger (‡) indicates the national winner.

1836 to 1856

[edit]
Presidential elections in Arkansas from 1836 to 1856
Year Winner Runner-up EV Ref.
Candidate Votes % Candidate Votes %
1836 Martin Van Buren (D)‡ 2,380 64.08% Hugh Lawson White (W) 1,334 35.92% 3
[13][14][15]
1840 Martin Van Buren (D) 6,679 56.42% William Henry Harrison (W)‡ 5,160 43.58% 3
[16][17][18]
1844 James K. Polk (D)‡ 9,546 63.01% Henry Clay (W) 5,604 36.99% 3
[15][19][20][18]
1848 Lewis Cass (D) 9,301 55.07% Zachary Taylor (W)‡ 7,587 44.93% 3
[15][21][22][23]
1852 Franklin Pierce (D)‡ 12,173 62.18% Winfield Scott (W) 7,404 37.82% 4
[24][25][26]
1856 James Buchanan (D)‡ 21,910 67.12% Millard Fillmore (KN) 10,732 32.88% 4
[15][27][28][29]

1860 and 1864

[edit]

The election of 1860 was a complex realigning election in which the breakdown of the previous two-party alignment culminated in four parties each competing for influence in different parts of the country.[30] The result of the election, with the victory of an ardent opponent of slavery, spurred the secession of eleven states and brought about the American Civil War.[31]

1860 Presidential election in Arkansas
Year Winner Runner-up Runner-up Runner-up EV Ref.
Candidate Votes
(%) 		Candidate Votes
(%) 		Candidate Votes
(%) 		Candidate Votes
(%)
1860 John C. Breckinridge (SD) 28,732
(53.06%) 		John Bell (CU) 20,063
(37.05%) 		Stephen A. Douglas (D) 5,357
(9.89%) 		Abraham Lincoln (R)‡
–[b]
 4
[3][15][32][33]
1864
Election was not conducted in Arkansas as it seceded from the Union to join the Confederacy
[5][34]

1868 to present

[edit]
Presidential elections in Arkansas from 1864 to present
Year Winner Runner-up Other candidate[c] EV Ref.
Candidate Votes % Candidate Votes % Candidate Votes %
1868
 Ulysses S. Grant (R)‡ 22,112 53.68% Horatio Seymour (D) 19,078 46.32%
–
–
–
 5
[35][36][37][38]
1872
 Ulysses S. Grant (R)‡ 41,373 52.17% Horace Greeley (LR)[d] 37,927 47.83%
–
–
–
–[e]
[41][42][37][43]
1876
 Samuel J. Tilden (D) 58,086 59.92% Rutherford B. Hayes (R)‡ 38,649 39.87% Peter Cooper (GB) 211 0.22% 6
[44][45][37][46]
1880
 Winfield Scott Hancock (D) 60,489 55.56% James A. Garfield (R) ‡ 41,661 38.27% James B. Weaver (GB) 4,079 3.75% 6
[47][48]
1884
 Grover Cleveland (D)‡ 72,734 57.83% James G. Blaine (R) 51,198 40.7% Benjamin F. Butler (GB) 1,847 1.47% 7
[49][50][51]
1888
 Grover Cleveland 86,062 54.8% Benjamin Harrison (R) ‡ 59,752 38.04% Alson J. Streeter (L) 10,630 6.77% 7
[52][53][54]
1892
 Grover Cleveland (D)‡ 87,834 59.3% Benjamin Harrison (R) 47,072 31.78% James B. Weaver (PO) 11,831 7.99% 8
[55][56][57]
1896
 William Jennings Bryan (D) 110,103 73.7% William McKinley (R) ‡ 37,512 25.11% Joshua Levering (PRO) 889 0.6% 8
[58][59]
1900
 William Jennings Bryan (D) 81,242 63.49% William McKinley (R) ‡ 44,800 35.01% Wharton Barker (PO) 972 0.76% 8
[60][61]
1904
 Alton B. Parker (D) 64,434 55.39% Theodore Roosevelt (R)‡ 46,760 40.2% Thomas E. Watson (PO) 2,318 1.99% 9
[62][63]
1908
 William Jennings Bryan (D) 87,020 57.31% William Howard Taft (R)‡ 56,684 37.33% Eugene Debs (S) 5,842 3.85% 9
[64][65]
1912
 Woodrow Wilson (D)‡ 68,814 55.01% William Howard Taft (R) 25,585 20.45% Theodore Roosevelt (PR-1912) 21,644 17.3% 9
[66][67][68]
1916
 Woodrow Wilson (D)‡ 112,211 66.65% Charles Evans Hughes (R) 48,879 29.03% Allan L. Benson (S) 6,999 4.16% 9
[69][70]
1920
 James M. Cox (D) 107,409 58.49% Warren G. Harding (R) ‡ 71,117 38.73% Parley P. Christensen (FL) 5,111 2.78% 9
[71][72]
1924
 John W. Davis (D) 84,790 61.2% Calvin Coolidge (R) ‡ 40,583 29.29% Robert M. La Follette (PR-1924) 13,167 9.5% 9
[73][74]
1928
 Al Smith (D) 119,196 60.28% Herbert Hoover (R)‡ 77,784 39.34% Norman Thomas (S) 429 0.22% 9
[75][76]
1932
 Franklin D. Roosevelt (D)‡ 186,829 86.27% Herbert Hoover (R) 27,466 12.68% Norman Thomas (S) 1,166 0.59% 9
[77][78]
1936
 Franklin D. Roosevelt (D)‡ 146,765 81.79% Alf Landon (R) 32,039 17.86% Norman Thomas (S) 446 0.25% 9
[79][80][81]
1940
 Franklin D. Roosevelt (D)‡ 157,213 78.44% Wendell Willkie (R) 42,121 21.02% Roger Babson (PRO) 793 0.4% 9
[82][83]
1944
 Franklin D. Roosevelt (D)‡ 148,965 69.95% Thomas E. Dewey (R) 63,551 29.84% Norman Thomas (S) 438 0.21% 9
[84][85][86]
1948
 Harry S. Truman (D) ‡ 149,659 61.72% Thomas E. Dewey (R) 50,959 21.02% Strom Thurmond (DI) 40,068 16.52% 9
[87][88][89]
1952
 Adlai Stevenson (D) 226,300 55.9% Dwight D. Eisenhower (R) ‡ 177,155 43.76% Stuart Hamblen (PRO) 886 0.22% 8
[90][91][92]
1956
 Adlai Stevenson (D) 213,277 52.46% Dwight D. Eisenhower (R) ‡ 186,287 45.82% T. Coleman Andrews (C) 7,008 1.72% 8
[93][94][95]
1960
 John F. Kennedy (D) ‡ 215,049 50.19% Richard Nixon (R) 184,508 43.06% Orval Faubus (NSR) 28,952 6.76% 8
[96][97][98]
1964
 Lyndon B. Johnson (D) ‡ 314,197 56.06% Barry Goldwater (R) 243,264 43.41% John Kasper (NSR) 2,965 0.53% 6
[99][100][101]
1968
 George Wallace (AI) 240,982 38.87% Richard Nixon (R) ‡ 190,759 30.77% Hubert Humphrey (D) 188,228 30.36% 6
[102][103]
1972
 Richard Nixon (R) ‡ 448,541 68.87% George McGovern (D) 198,892 30.54% John G. Schmitz (AI) 2,887 0.44% 6
[104][105]
1976
 Jimmy Carter (D) ‡ 499,614 65.09% Gerald Ford (R) 268,753 35.02% Eugene McCarthy (I) 647 0.08% 6
[106][107][108]
1980
 Ronald Reagan (R) ‡ 403,164 48.13% Jimmy Carter (D) 398,041 47.52% John B. Anderson (I) 22,468 2.68% 6
[109][110][111]
1984
 Ronald Reagan (R) ‡ 534,774 60.47% Walter Mondale (D) 338,646 38.29% David Bergland (LI) 2,221 0.25% 6
[112][113][114]
1988
 George H. W. Bush (R) ‡ 466,578 56.37% Michael Dukakis (D) 349,237 42.19% David Duke (PO-1984) 5,146 0.62% 6
[115][116][117]
1992
 Bill Clinton[f] (D) ‡ 505,823 53.21% George H. W. Bush (R) 337,324 35.48% Ross Perot (I) 99,132 10.43% 6
[118][10]
1996
 Bill Clinton[f] (D) ‡ 475,171 53.74% Bob Dole (R) 325,416 36.8% Ross Perot (RE) 69,884 7.9% 6
[119][120][121]
2000
 George W. Bush (R) ‡ 472,940 51.31% Al Gore (D) 422,768 45.86% Ralph Nader (G) 13,421 1.46% 6
[122][123][124]
2004
 George W. Bush (R)‡ 572,898 54.31% John Kerry (D) 469,953 44.55% Ralph Nader (I) 6,171 0.58% 6
[125][126][127]
2008
 John McCain (R) 638,017 58.72% Barack Obama (D)‡ 422,310 38.86% Ralph Nader (I) 12,882 1.19% 6
[128][129][130][131]
2012
 Mitt Romney (R) 647,744 60.57% Barack Obama (D)‡ 394,409 36.88% Gary Johnson (LI) 16,276 1.52% 6
[132][133]
2016
 Donald Trump (R)‡ 684,872 60.57% Hillary Clinton (D) 380,494 33.65% Gary Johnson (LI) 29,829 2.64% 6
[134][135][136]
2020
 Donald Trump (R) 760,647 62.4% Joe Biden (D)‡ 423,932 34.78% Jo Jorgensen (LI) 13,133 1.08% 6
[137][138][139][140]

Graph

[edit]

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ The Southern Democratic Party candidate John C. Breckinridge in 1860 and the American Independent Party candidate George Wallace in 1968
  2. ^ Not on ballot
  3. ^ For purposes of these lists, other candidates are defined as those who were in third place in Arkansas.
  4. ^ Due to its strong desire to defeat incumbent president Ulysses S. Grant, the 1872 Democratic National Convention also nominated the Liberal Republican Party's Greeley/Brown ticket.[39]
  5. ^ Election was held in Arkansas; however, due to various irregularities including allegations of electoral fraud, all 6 electoral votes from Arkansas were invalidated.[40]
  6. ^ a b Arkansas was the home state of Bill Clinton

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "The South". Encyclopedia Britannica. June 30, 2021. Archived from the original on July 11, 2021. Retrieved July 11, 2021.
  2. ^ Burlingame, Michael (4 October 2016). "Abraham Lincoln: Campaign and Elections". Miller Center. Archived from the original on November 21, 2016. Retrieved July 13, 2021.
  3. ^ a b Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 764.
  4. ^ "The Secession of Arkansas". The New York Times. June 8, 1861. Archived from the original on September 24, 2018. Retrieved July 10, 2021.
  5. ^ a b Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 765.
  6. ^ "Reuniting the Union: A Chronology". Digital History. Archived from the original on July 13, 2021. Retrieved July 13, 2021.
  7. ^ "A Century of Lawmaking for a New Nation: U.S. Congressional Documents and Debates, 1774 – 1875". Journal of the Senate of the United States of America. 68: 344–345. February 12, 1873. Archived from the original on June 14, 2020. Retrieved July 11, 2021 – via Library of Congress.
  8. ^ Schreckhise, William D.; Parry, Janine A.; Schields, Todd G. (2001). "Rising Republicanism in Arkansas Electorate? A Characterization of Arkansas' Political Attitudes and Participation Rates" (PDF). The Midsouth Political Science Review. 5. The Arkansas Political Science Association: 1–16. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 17, 2021. Retrieved August 11, 2021.
  9. ^ Leip, David. "1968 Presidential General Election Results – Arkansas". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on February 25, 2021. Retrieved July 10, 2021.
  10. ^ a b Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 797.
  11. ^ Leip, David. "1992 Presidential General Election Results – Arkansas". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on May 1, 2021. Retrieved July 10, 2021.
  12. ^ Liep, Dave. "Presidential General Election Graph Comparison – Arkansas". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on July 11, 2021. Retrieved July 11, 2021.
  13. ^ Leip, David. "1836 Presidential General Election Results – Arkansas". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on September 12, 2015. Retrieved July 10, 2021.
  14. ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 758.
  15. ^ a b c d e Burnham 1955, p. 254.
  16. ^ Leip, David. "1840 Presidential General Election Results – Arkansas". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on September 12, 2015. Retrieved July 10, 2021.
  17. ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 759.
  18. ^ a b Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 89.
  19. ^ Leip, David. "1844 Presidential General Election Results – Arkansas". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on September 12, 2015. Retrieved July 10, 2021.
  20. ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 760.
  21. ^ Leip, David. "1848 Presidential General Election Results – Arkansas". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on September 12, 2015. Retrieved July 10, 2021.
  22. ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 761.
  23. ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 90.
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  25. ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 762.
  26. ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 91.
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  28. ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 763.
  29. ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 92.
  30. ^ Egerton, Douglas (2010). Year of Meteors: Stephen Douglas, Abraham Lincoln, and the Election That Brought on the Civil War. Bloomsbury Press. p. 19. ISBN 978-1-59691-619-7.
  31. ^ Egerton, Douglas (2010). Year of Meteors: Stephen Douglas, Abraham Lincoln, and the Election That Brought on the Civil War. Bloomsbury Press. pp. 293–305. ISBN 978-1-59691-619-7.
  32. ^ Leip, David. "1860 Presidential General Election Results – Arkansas". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on July 23, 2016. Retrieved July 10, 2021.
  33. ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 93.
  34. ^ "The Secession of Arkansas". The New York Times. June 8, 1861. Archived from the original on September 24, 2018. Retrieved July 10, 2021.
  35. ^ Leip, David. "1868 Presidential General Election Results – Arkansas". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on November 27, 2020. Retrieved July 10, 2021.
  36. ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 766.
  37. ^ a b c Burnham 1955, p. 255.
  38. ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 95.
  39. ^ Official Proceedings of the National Democratic Convention – Held at Baltimore, July 9, 1872. Rockwell & Churchill. 1872. p. 66. ISBN 978-1-4255-0353-6. OL 20466806M.
  40. ^ "A Century of Lawmaking for a New Nation: U.S. Congressional Documents and Debates, 1774 – 1875". Journal of the Senate of the United States of America. 68: 344–345. February 12, 1873. Archived from the original on June 14, 2020. Retrieved July 11, 2021 – via Library of Congress.
  41. ^ Leip, David. "1872 Presidential General Election Results – Arkansas". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on March 5, 2021. Retrieved July 10, 2021.
  42. ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 767.
  43. ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 96.
  44. ^ Leip, David. "1876 Presidential General Election Results – Arkansas". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on June 18, 2017. Retrieved July 10, 2021.
  45. ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 768.
  46. ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 97.
  47. ^ Leip, David. "1880 Presidential General Election Results – Arkansas". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on September 12, 2015. Retrieved July 10, 2021.
  48. ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 98.
  49. ^ Leip, David. "1884 Presidential General Election Results – Arkansas". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on June 29, 2015. Retrieved July 10, 2021.
  50. ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 770.
  51. ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 99.
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  53. ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 771.
  54. ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 100.
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  56. ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 772.
  57. ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 101.
  58. ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 773.
  59. ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 102.
  60. ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 774.
  61. ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 103.
  62. ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 775.
  63. ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 104.
  64. ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 776.
  65. ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 105.
  66. ^ Leip, David. "1912 Presidential General Election Results – Arkansas". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on May 1, 2020. Retrieved July 10, 2021.
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  68. ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 106.
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  78. ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 111.
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  83. ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 113.
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  86. ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 114.
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  89. ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 115.
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  91. ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 787.
  92. ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 116.
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  94. ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 788.
  95. ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 117.
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  97. ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 789.
  98. ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 118.
  99. ^ Leip, David. "1964 Presidential General Election Results – Arkansas". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on September 27, 2020. Retrieved July 10, 2021.
  100. ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 790.
  101. ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 119.
  102. ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 791.
  103. ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 120.
  104. ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 792.
  105. ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 121.
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  114. ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 795.
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Works cited

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