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Yafa an-Naseriyye

Coordinates: 32°41′09″N 35°16′28″E / 32.68583°N 35.27444°E / 32.68583; 35.27444
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Yafa an-Naseriyye
  • יָפִיעַ‎
  • يافة الناصرة
Local council (from 1960)
Hebrew transcription(s)
 • Also spelledYafia (official)
Yafa (unofficial)
Official logo of Yafa an-Naseriyye
Yafa an-Naseriyye is located in Jezreel Valley region of Israel
Yafa an-Naseriyye
Yafa an-Naseriyye
Coordinates: 32°41′09″N 35°16′28″E / 32.68583°N 35.27444°E / 32.68583; 35.27444
Grid position176/232 PAL
Country Israel
DistrictNorthern
Area
 • Total
4,087 dunams (4.087 km2 or 1.578 sq mi)
Population
 (2022)[1]
 • Total
19,704
 • Density4,800/km2 (12,000/sq mi)

Yafa an-Naseriyye (Arabic: يافة الناصرة, also Jaffa of Nazareth, or simply Yafa, Kfar Yafia or Yafi Arabic: يافا, يفيع, Hebrew: יָפִיעַ) is an Arab town in Israel. It forms part of the metropolitan area of Nazareth, also an Arab locality. Declared a local council in 1960, it had a population of 19,704 in 2022,[1] approximately 70% of whom were Muslim and 30% Christian.[2]

History

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Yafa an-Naseriyye is an ancient town where rock-cut tombs and cisterns have been found.[3] Pottery finds date to the Iron Age IIA-B (late tenth and ninth centuries BCE), Hellenistic (late second and early first centuries BCE.), and Roman era (first to fourth century).[4]

Ancient period

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Yafa was a vassal of Megiddo in the fourteenth century BCE, according to the Amarna letters.[4]

It has been identified with the ancient town of Japhia,[5] mentioned in the Book of Joshua as a border town belonging to Zebulun.[6]

Classical antiquity

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First-century Jewish historian Josephus mentions the city Japha (Yafa) in his Life of Flavius Josephus (§ 37 and 45) and The Jewish War (Book 3, chapter 7, verse 31). He describes Japha as the largest village in Galilee,[7] where he resided for a time and fortified it in 66 CE. Josephus also details the village's capture during the First Jewish–Roman War by the Roman army under M. Ulpius Traianus and Titus in the spring of 67 CE.[8][9]

Chambers, cut in stone, three storeys high, have been found in the village. This was probably an old granary.[10] Victor Guérin noted that when one of the chambers was cleared out in 1869, a vase was found containing about two hundred coins of Roman emperors. According to his observations, there were two of the subterranean systems, one of which is described above, both of which have suffered considerable damage since they were first visited by him in 1870. He found nothing of the ancient town, except five or six fragments of columns, broken stones, and about thirty cisterns. The city formerly included three adjacent hills.[11] A stone quarry, also dating from the Roman period, has been excavated. It was in use from the late first century CE to the mid-fourth century CE.[12]

The remains of a synagogue, initially reported by Vincent in the 1920s, were later excavated by Sukenik in 1950, confirming the site's identification. The excavation of the building, which is approximately 19 meters long and oriented east-west, only revealed partial details of its plan. Mosaic fragments discovered during the excavation hinted at a central motif — a large circle with 12 smaller dots — suspected to represent either a zodiac, or, as suggested by Sukenik, depicting the Twelve Tribes of Israel. One notable discovery from the synagogue is an Aramaic mosaic fragment from its floor, showcasing three Hebrew letters (possibly signifying the last letters of the name Ephraim), next to the head of an animal. This finding dates back to the 3rd to 4th centuries AD.[13]

Middle Ages

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Local medieval tradition holds that Zebedee and his two sons, the Apostles James and John lived in Yafa.[14] As the first to mention this tradition was Marinus Sanutus, it was most likely a Crusader-era invention.[15]

Mamluk period

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Remains of a building from the Mamluk era has been excavated, with pottery sherds from that period.[16][17]

Ottoman period

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View of Yafa an-Naseriyye

In 1517, the village was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire with the rest of Palestine, and in 1596 it appeared in the Ottoman tax registers as being in the nahiya ("Subdistrict") of Tabariyya under the Liwa ("District") of Safad with a population of 14 Muslim households. The villagers paid a fixed tax rate of 25% on wheat, barley, fruit trees, goats and beehives, in addition to occasional revenues; a total of 2,200 akçe.[18][19]

A map from Napoleon's invasion of 1799 by Pierre Jacotin showed the place, named as Iaffa.[20]

In 1838 Edward Robinson described it as a small village, with 30 houses and the remains of a church.[15] He further noted it as a Muslim and Greek Christian village in the Nazareth district.[21]

When Guérin visited in 1875, he found 400 inhabitants including Latins, Greek Orthodox, and Moslems. There were also Protestant schools in the village.[22]

In 1881, the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine (SWP) described it as a "moderate-sized village in a strong position on the spur running from Nazareth down to Jebata. It has a well to the north side and a second in the valley to the north-east."[23]

A population list from about 1887 showed that Yafa had about 900 inhabitants; half Muslims, half Christians.[24]

British Mandate

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Roman Catholic church in Kfar Yafia with a minaret visible behind it

In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Yafa had a total population of 615; 215 Muslims and 400 Christians,[25] Of the Christians, 168 were Orthodox, 112 Catholics, 108 Greek Catholic (Melchite) and 12 Anglicans.[26] The population had increased at the 1931 census, when Yafa, (including Arab el Ghazzalin), had a population of 833; 456 Muslims and 377 Christians, in a total of 213 houses.[27]

In the 1945 statistics the population size of Yafa was 1,070; 580 Muslims and 490 Christians,[28] with a total of 17,809 dunams of land, according to an official land and population survey.[29] Of this, 710 dunams were plantations and irrigable land, 12,701 used for cereals,[30] while 149 dunams were built-up (urban) land.[31]

In 1921, a synagogue lintel was found there, and in 1950 part of a synagogue paved with mosaics was excavated near the Greek Orthodox church.[32]

State of Israel

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In 1948 Yafa was captured by the Israeli army during Operation Dekel which was launched in July.[33] The remaining population were put under martial law which remained in force until 1966.

A substantial portion of Yafa's population today are the descendants of internally displaced Palestinian Arabs from the neighbouring village of Ma'alul which was depopulated during the 1948 Arab–Israeli war. People from Ma'alul participated in the local elections in Yafa under the banner of the "Ma'alul refugees' party", with a platform also focused on issues of interest or concern to the wider population, as a way of attracting political support from local parties.[34]

Economy

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In 2015, SanDisk Israel opened an R&D center in Kfar Yafia.[35]

Notable people

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b "Regional Statistics". Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 21 March 2024.
  2. ^ יפיע 2014
  3. ^ Dauphin, 1998, p. 689
  4. ^ a b Alexandre, 2012, Yafi‘a Final report
  5. ^ Palmer, 1881, p. 120
  6. ^ Joshua 19:12
  7. ^ Whiston, William (1737): Josephus' The Jewish War, translated by William Whiston
  8. ^ Josephus, The Jewish War 3.289
  9. ^ Rogers, Guy MacLean (2021). For the Freedom of Zion: the Great Revolt of Jews against Romans, 66-74 CE. New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 539. ISBN 978-0-300-24813-5.
  10. ^ Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, pp. 353-354
  11. ^ Guérin, 1880, pp. 103-105, as given by Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p. 354
  12. ^ Shemer, 2016, Yafi‘a, Final report
  13. ^ "CXXX. Iaphia (mod. Yafa) nos. 7363-7364", Volume 5/Part 2 Galilaea and Northern Regions: 6925-7818, De Gruyter, pp. 1456–1457, 2023-03-20, doi:10.1515/9783110715743-016, ISBN 978-3-11-071574-3, retrieved 2024-02-13
  14. ^ Edgar Johnson Goodspeed (December 1900). "From Haifa to Nazareth". The Biblical World. 16 (6): 407–413. doi:10.1086/472713. JSTOR 3136947. S2CID 145596487.
  15. ^ a b Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, pp. 183, 200
  16. ^ Zidan, 2015, Yafi‘a
  17. ^ Israel Antiquities Authority, Excavators and Excavations Permit for Year 2013, Survey Permit # A-6789.
  18. ^ Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 190
  19. ^ Note that Rhode, 1979, p. 6 Archived 2019-04-20 at the Wayback Machine writes that the register that Hütteroth and Abdulfattah studied was not from 1595/6, but from 1548/9
  20. ^ Karmon, 1960, p. 167 Archived 2019-12-22 at the Wayback Machine.
  21. ^ Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, 2nd appendix, p. 132
  22. ^ Guérin, 1880, p. 103, as given by Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p. 280
  23. ^ Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p. 280
  24. ^ Schumacher, 1888, p. 182
  25. ^ Barron, 1923, Table XI, Sub-district of Nazareth, p. 38
  26. ^ Barron, 1923, Table XVI, p. 50
  27. ^ Mills, 1932, p. 76
  28. ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 8
  29. ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 63
  30. ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 110
  31. ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 160
  32. ^ Encyclopaedia Judaica (2007). Fred Skolnik (ed.). Japhia. Vol. 11 (2 ed.). Jerusalem: Keter Publishing House, Ltd. p. 87. ISBN 978-0-02-865940-4.
  33. ^ Morris, 1987, p. 200
  34. ^ Nihad Bokae'e (February 2003). "Palestinian Internally Displaced Persons inside Israel: Challenging the Solid Structures" (PDF). Badil. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 14, 2007.
  35. ^ anDisk opens R&D center in Israeli Arab town

Bibliography

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