Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/Single/2016-05-02

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WP:POST/1

2 May 2016

News and notes
Wikimedia Switzerland's board and paid-editing firm; passing of Ed Dravecky

In the media
Wikipedia Zero piracy in Bangladesh; bureaucracy; chilling effects; too few cooks; translation gaps

Traffic report
Purple

Featured content
The best ... from the past two weeks

Arbitration report
Two editors unbanned; Wikicology case enters workshop phase; Gamaliel restricted from Gamergate at his own request

Recent research
The eight roles of Wikipedians; do edit histories expose social relations among editors?

2016-05-02

Wikimedia Switzerland's board and paid-editing firm; passing of Ed Dravecky

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By Andreas Kolbe and Tony1

Some of the attendees at the chapter's recent annual general assembly

The Swiss Wikimedia chapter was founded on May 14, 2006, almost exactly ten years ago. It counts about 250 paid-up members and is one of only two chapters allowed to process income from fundraising banners directly. Recent discussions on the French Wikipedia have drawn attention to the involvement of some of the chapters' current board members in a paid-editing firm. The Signpost investigated this issue.

Discussions on French Wikipedia

On the French Wikipedia, discussions began on April 6, 2016 on the paid-editing activities of Swiss firm Racosch Sàrl, whose website states:

Q&A

The Swiss chapter's logo

1. Please confirm which present or past WMCH board members or staff are personally involved in Racosch Sàrl, or have close family ties to people involved with the company.

I am personally involved. Stéphane is also involved – but he did not stand for reelection at the recent general assembly and his term ends June 1st. The third associate is the husband of WMCH's administrative assistant. No WM CH staff is involved.

2. On which Wikipedias are Racosch Sàrl editors with such ties to WMCH active?

FR and EN at the moment.

3. Do they declare their ties to WMCH onwiki?

Not on-wiki. More specifically: the name "Racosch" is never associated with the name WMCH, to avoid giving the wrong impression that Racosch is in any way endorsed by the Chapter.
But this is being discussed openly, e.g. within the Swiss community (see below). Stéphane recently attended the Berlin WM conference and was also very transparent about it; he will likewise attend Wikimania and we're discussing making a Beutler/Lih type of presentation at the upcoming French Wikicon.

4. How is the chapter dealing with the potential for conflicts of interest? For example, do you have formal rules forbidding WMCH staff and board members from recommending any particular Wikipedia PR firm to companies, organisations, and members of the public who contact WMCH for advice on Wikipedia?

The chapter has a policy on conflicts of interest, which requires disclosing all potential interests in writing – which was done.
In case of a request to Wikimedia CH, the policy is to reply that the chapter cannot provide advice on this topic and in particular cannot recommend anyone. This being said, one of us remembers that during past discussions someone had informally mentioned Beutler Ink, which was the only one we knew of that does proper paid editing.
Note that in any case such contacts are handled by our 3 community liaisons, not by board members (nor by the administrative assistant indicated above).

5. We understand that WMCH board members are elected at the annual general assembly. Are candidates required to disclose to the WMCH electorate potential conflicts of interest, such as involvement in a paid-editing firm; if so, how and where are such disclosures made?

6. How many WMCH members typically attend the annual general assembly? How many voted in this year's and last year's board elections?

The paid editing matter was spontaneously disclosed by both Stéphane and I while introducing ourselves, and was of course discussed during the general assembly (which typically attracts around 30+ participants). In the end, Stéphane did not recandidate (but he would likely have had no problem being reelected), while I received 27 votes/32 (second best score) – indicating that we approached the matter rather correctly.

7. In the WMCH 04/2016 newsletter, the linked minutes of your most recent general assembly are visible only to logged-in WMCH members. Will you consider making the pages documenting your election process publicly viewable?

We'll likely make it publicly available, yes. In the meantime, see attached a PDF version of the version currently available on our members wiki.

General assembly minutes

The general assembly minutes the Signpost received from Schütz contain two references to paid editing:

Page 5

The 10 candidates introduce themselves. Stéphane Coillet-Matillon announces that he retracts his candidature as a member as he wants to concentrate on his new company.
The assembly asks questions to the candidates, in particular about potential conflicts of interest and paid editing.

Page 6

A member suggests that the association should revise its bylaws and discuss the topic of paid editing; this is not discussed further, due to lack of time. Nevertheless, the new board will take this topic into consideration.

WMCH conflict-of-interest policy

The WMCH conflict-of-interest policy Schütz refers to states, in part,

Since conflicts of interest cannot be avoided, they should be handled professionally. ...
Each member of the Board or of the Executive Management team should arrange his personal and business affairs so as to avoid, as far as possible, conflicts of interest with the association.

Should a conflict of interest arise, the member of the Board or Executive Management concerned should inform the President of the Board. The President, or Vice-President, should request a decision by the Board which reflects the seriousness of the conflict of interest. The Board shall decide without participation of the person concerned, and the conflict of interest and the board decision will be recorded in the minutes.

... Anyone having a permanent conflict of interest should not be a member of the Board or the Executive Management.

User accounts

On the English Wikipedia, three user accounts presently mention an association with Racosch on their user pages, along with the articles they have made paid contributions to:

User:Wicodric
User:Pplc (a declared secondary account of User:Popo le Chien)
User:Manoillon

All three are also active under the same names on the French Wikipedia, where similar disclosures are made. Schutz's user page on the French Wikipedia has declared Wicodric as a secondary account for paid contributions since April 8, 2016.

The Signpost looks forward to further community discussion, and thanks Frédéric Schütz for his candid and timely replies to our questions.

Ed Dravecky, RIP

Any death is sad, but the death of someone as young as 47 is more so. Long-time and still-active Wikipedia administrator Ed Dravecky died unexpectedly on April 23, 2016 while attending WhoFest 3 in Dallas, Texas. A Georgia Tech alumnus and native of Hunstville, Alabama, he was active in several WikiProjects, including WikiProject Alabama and WikiProject Radio Stations. He claimed at least 145 Did You Know? credits, and received numerous barnstars and other awards. He was active on Commons, where his most recent upload, less than a week before his death, was a crop of Turtle pin.jpg.

Ed had worked in radio, first as a disc jockey and later with broadcast automation systems. He co-founded FenCon (a literary science-fiction event) and WhoFest (a convention dedicated to the iconic BBC series Doctor Who), and was well-known in the science fiction and fantasy communities. He was an Eagle Scout and a graduate of the United States Space Camp. He was born in Huntsville, Alabama, and at the time of his death, he lived in Dallas. His full obituary is here.

Brief notes

GLAM Boot Camp 2016: The GLAM Boot Camp 2016, a skills-building workshop for established Wikipedians interested in GLAM-Wiki projects, is now accepting sign-ups. The event will take place in June in Washington, D.C. Travel will be funded for all participants from North America.
Milestones: The Japanese Wikipedia has reached 1 million articles.

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2016-05-02

Wikipedia Zero piracy in Bangladesh; bureaucracy; chilling effects; too few cooks; translation gaps

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By Andreas Kolbe

The Bangladesh National Assembly building in Dhaka

Wikipedia Zero piracy in Bangladesh

In a follow-up to his story on Wikipedia Zero-based piracy in Angola (see previous Signpost coverage), Motherboard's Jason Koebler reports (April 27) on very similar problems with piracy in Bangladesh, arguing that "Wikipedia's piracy police are ruining the developing world's Internet experience":

Wikipedia Zero users in Bangladesh are now being monitored, banned, and threatened by Wikipedia editors who are engaged in a continuous game of whack-a-mole against piracy on the site.
Last month, I wrote several articles about the creative (if illegal) ways that people in Angola are using the free Wikipedia Zero and Facebook Free Basics services to share copyrighted files with each other. Both of these services zero rate data uploaded and downloaded from those sites, meaning users don’t have to pay for that data, which would normally be very expensive. Users upload files to the Wikimedia Commons database, link to them in closed Facebook groups, and, bam – free ad-hoc filesharing network.

Wikimedia Bangladesh has become involved in the dispute

As in Angola, Bangladeshis are using zero-rated Wikimedia sites to upload copyrighted material and then share the links in filesharing groups on the equally zero-rated Facebook.

Koebler says the "arms race" between the pirates and Wikimedians trying to stop them is "significantly more advanced" than it it is in Angola:

A task force of editors in the developed world are desperately trying to get Bangladeshis play by Wikipedia's existing rules by closely monitoring and banning people who upload pirated content. They're invading Facebook groups to monitor and determine how and where people are uploading files. They're keeping a running tally of the number and names of accounts that have uploaded content. They've blocked entire IP ranges from uploading files, and have created filters that monitor all uploads that come from Wikipedia Zero accounts and from new accounts in general.

Meanwhile,

the Bangladeshi operations that I've seen appear to be much more sophisticated than the Angolan ones – they have posted specific guides to converting videos to smaller and harder-to-detect file types, have started using Wikipedia test sites, and have started using free sites online that automatically upload YouTube videos to Wikimedia Commons.

Wikimedia Bangladesh has become involved, pleading with users to stop the uploads, telling them they are contributing to an "increasingly negative perception of Bangladesh in many different sectors" by treating Wikimedia sites as a sort of free YouTube. But, Koebler argues,

Commons is YouTube for Wikipedia Zero users out of necessity, not choice. Because they can't afford access to YouTube and the rest of the internet, Wikipedia has become the internet for lots of Bangladeshis. What's crazy, then, is that a bunch of more-or-less random editors who happen to want to be the piracy police are dictating the means of access for an entire population of people ... there's no simple way out of this situation. When you create two entirely different tiers of internet, those in the second tier will rightly aspire to get into the first tier.

Study: Wikipedia is basically a corporate bureaucracy

The Kafka index, named after Franz Kafka's The Trial, represents the complexity of a bureaucracy

Gizmodo reports (April 25) on a new study by Bradi Heaberlin and Simon DeDeo arguing that Wikipedia has become a corporate bureaucracy, "akin to bureaucratic systems that predate the information age."

Wikipedia is a voluntary organization dedicated to the noble goal of decentralized knowledge creation. But as the community has evolved over time, it has wandered further and further from its early egalitarian ideals, according to a new paper published in the journal Future Internet. In fact, such systems usually end up looking a lot like 20th century bureaucracies.
Even in the brave new world of online communities, the Who had it right: "Meet the new boss, same as the old boss."

One of the study's most striking findings, Gizmodo reports, is that

even on Wikipedia, the so-called "Iron Law of Oligarchy" – a.k.a. rule by an elite few – holds sway. ... "You start with a decentralized democratic system, but over time you get the emergence of a leadership class with privileged access to information and social networks," DeDeo explained. "Their interests begin to diverge from the rest of the group. They no longer have the same needs and goals. So not only do they come to gain the most power within the system, but they may use it in ways that conflict with the needs of everybody else."

DeDeo and Heaberlin note Wikipedia's conservative nature: over 89 per cent of its core norms, created by a small pool of around 100 users, have remained unchanged; they have achieved a "myth-like status" even as they inevitably conflict with each other. Resolution of such conflicts is made more difficult by the fact that editors form central "neighbourhoods" organised around "article quality, content policy, collaboration, and administrators" that are "increasingly separate and interact with each other less and less", leading to the emergence of tribalism.

DeDeo and Heaberlin performed a purely mathematical analysis of broad trends in the Wikipedia data, connecting this hyper-quantitative approach with sociology and political science. The next step is to collaborate with cultural anthropologists to undertake a close reading of all those inter-linked individual pages.
"We need to understand how these systems work if we're going to understand how the economy of the future will run. They don't have laws, they have traditions and norms," said DeDeo when asked why this kind of research matters. "I think what we're doing is investing research into a problem that, 200 years from now, could be the biggest problem in the world – if we don't destroy ourselves first."

In its article, Gizmodo references a study published earlier this year in Physical Review E by Jinhyuk Yun (윤진혁), Sang Hoon Lee (이상훈), and Hawoong Jeong (정하웅) from the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, which came to similar conclusions about Wikipedia. The Korean study received a German-language write-up in taz this week (April 28).

DeDeo's and Heaberlin's study was subsequently also covered by The Washington Post as well as by Sciencealert.com (April 28).

Chilling effects

Edward Snowden's revelations have had a marked effect on Wikipedia users' reading habits, a study finds

The Washington Post, along with many other media outlets, reports that according to a new study by Jon Penney, "Snowden's disclosures about NSA spying had a scary effect on free speech":

Internet traffic to Wikipedia pages summarizing knowledge about terror groups and their tools plunged nearly 30 percent after revelations of widespread Web monitoring by the U.S. National Security Agency, suggesting that concerns about government snooping are hurting the ordinary pursuit of information.

The study, titled "Chilling Effects: Online Surveillance and Wikipedia Use", is

focused on Wikipedia pages related to sensitive topics specifically flagged by the Department of Homeland Security. In a document provided to its analysts in 2011, the DHS listed 48 terrorism terms that they should use when "monitoring social media sites." Penney collected traffic data on the English Wikipedia pages most closely related to those terms.

The collected data showed that pageviews dropped immediately after the June 2013 news stories about Snowden and never recovered to previous levels.

"You want to have informed citizens," Penney said. "If people are spooked or deterred from learning about important policy matters like terrorism and national security, this is a real threat to proper democratic debate."

Too few cooks in Wikipedia ...

[[File:|center|300px]]

... and not enough gorgeous, ...

The New Statesman covers (Apr. 17) a project kickstarted by Bee Wilson, chair of the Oxford Symposium on Food and Cookery, to bring more women editors to Wikipedia in order to improve its articles on food. The article's writer, Felicity Cloake, visited a related group editing session at the British Library.

[Wikipedia's] "egregious gender imbalance" is especially notable in matters relating to food, because, as Polly Russell, the library's curator of food studies, explains, "we're such a new area of serious study". Most food throughout history has been cooked by women, "but if you can’t name them, they get forgotten."

... sumptuous ...

Commenting on the under-representation of notable women on Wikipedia,

Wilson ... cites the example of Philippa Glanville, a former chief curator of the metalwork, silver and jewellery department at the Victoria and Albert Museum and a world expert on historical dining practices, whose achievements were recognised by the Queen before the online encyclopaedia ("Presumably getting on Wikipedia should be easier than getting an OBE").
Facilitating this process is the goal of Wiki-Food, which groups academics, students, experts and enthusiastic amateurs with the aim of improving and expanding Wikipedia's coverage of food-related topics, especially but not exclusively those relevant to women, with support from Wikipedia.

... food!

Finding translation gaps

VentureBeat reports (Apr. 28) on a collaboration between Wikimedia and Stanford University to help point translators to significant content gaps in other language versions of Wikipedia:

finding out which topics or articles are in particular shortage in specific tongues is a challenge, which is why Wikimedia is partnering with Stanford University researchers to design a new recommendation system. This will rank Wikipedia articles in order of priority across languages. The ranking is based on a number of factors, including editor interests (using contribution history data), language proficiency, and anticipated popularity if an article was translated. For example, a native Swahili speaker is unlikely to care about the history of a U.K. baking business, but they may care about WrestleMania 32.

University news site Futurity also has an article (Apr. 15) on the project; a Wikimedia blog post (Apr. 27) is available here.

In brief

Indian writer and ecologist Madhav Gadgil is due to lead a Wikipedia workshop in Kerala this week

Japanese Wikipedia hits 1 million articles: The Japan Times notes that the Japanese Wikipedia has passed the 1-million mark. (Apr. 30)
Thiruvananthapuram Wikipedia workshop May 4/5: The New Indian Express has news of an upcoming Wikipedia workshop led by Indian ecologist and writer Madhav Gadgil, due to take place on May 4 and 5 in Kerala's capital, Thiruvananthapuram. The workshop is "jointly organised by Swadeshabhimani Media Study Centre and the Centre for Internet and Society in association with the Wikipedia fraternity of Kerala." Interested editors can find a telephone number and further details in the linked article. (Apr. 30)
Hillsborough disaster: The Liverpool Echo reports that the Hillsborough disaster page has again been vandalised, this time from a Warwickshire County Council IP address. This is the second time vandalism of the page traced to a UK government source has led to press headlines; in 2014, an unnamed civil servant was fired after making offensive edits to the page from a government IP address. (Apr. 28)
"Wikipedia editors feud like teens": Gawker's Ashley Feinberg has another instalment of deleted Wikipedia articles, including the biography of Wikipedian Derek Ramsey. (Apr. 28)
Tulu Wikipedia: The Hindu reports on efforts to create a Tulu Wikipedia. (Apr. 27)
Glenn Hughes: Loudwire has Deep Purple's Glenn Hughes play Wikipedia: Fact or Fiction?. For more in the same vein, see Loudwire's overview of recent episodes. (Apr. 27)
Sahapedia: The Daily Mail reports on Sahapedia (http://www.sahapedia.org/), a project to create a "web portal of India's cultural heritage". Unlike the crowdsourced Wikipedia, Sahapedia will be written by subject matter experts. (Apr. 27)
Wikipedia's dentistry pages need work: As reported by The Courier, "staff and students from University of Dundee School of Dentistry have set up a Wikipedia editing team, after becoming disappointed with the 'inaccurate and incomplete' material available on the free online encyclopaedia." (Apr. 26)
Cowgirl blues: Noted left-leaning political blogger "Montana Cowgirl" reckons someone with ties to Greg Gianforte, a candidate for the Republican Party's nomination for governor of Montana, USA, has been airbrushing his Wikipedia biography. (Apr. 25)

Beyoncé's fan base, the "Beyhive", descended on Wikipedia on April 24

The Beyhive descends on Wikipedia: As covered by The Root, The Daily Mail and many others, Beyoncé fans, collectively known as the "Beyhive", took to vandalising fashion designer Rachel Roy's Wikipedia biography, believing her to be the "Becky with the good hair" referred to by Beyoncé in one of the songs on her new album, Lemonade, as a rival for husband Jay Z's affections. On April 24, the Rachel Roy biography received over one hundred edits within the space of one hour. (Apr. 24–25)
Product placement: The A.V. Club looks at Wikipedia's article on product placement as part of its Wiki Wormhole series. (Apr. 24)
A source-o-meter?: The Atlantic reports on a study (see previous Signpost coverage in the February edition of "Recent research" and the related talk page) suggesting that Wikipedia should build a "source-o-meter" indicating how many of the information sources a Wikipedia article is based on can readily be verified by the reader online. (Apr. 22)
Wikipedia soon to be available on the Moon: Mic, TechCrunch, TechWorm and others cover the efforts to take Wikipedia to the Moon, as covered in last week's Signpost. (Apr. 21–24)
Police chief apologises: The Saskatoon Star-Phoenix reports that "Saskatoon police Chief Clive Weighill said he is angry and upset that someone from inside police headquarters altered the department's Wikipedia page to erase all references to 'starlight tours.'" "It really does upset me. It's just another step backward," Weighill is reported to have said at a board of police commissioners meeting. For context see the previous Signpost article, "Saskatoon police delete Wikipedia content about police brutality". (Apr. 21)
Full Measure: Sharyl Atkisson's U.S. TV series Full Measure covers the "Dark Side of Wikipedia". The programme interviewed two banned paid editors, Wikipediocracy co-founder Gregory Kohs (Thekohser) and Mike Wood (Morning277). (Apr. 17)
Pottermore take-down notices target Wikipedia: As described by Business Insider and TorrentFreak, Pottermore, the publishing company responsible for marketing the popular Harry Potter series, has filed copyright takedown demands alleging various websites, among them Wikipedia, contain its intellectual property. Business Insider and TorrentFreak described the takedown requests as "surreal" and "bizarre". (Apr. 14–15)

Hong Kong, home to the "youngest group of Wikipedians in the world", according to Jimmy Wales – some editors started contributing while still in primary school

Odia Wikimedian: Opensource.com features Sailesh Patnaik's description of his "four year, action-packed experience with Wikipedia" that began with his registering a user account in April 2012, aged 15. "I consider myself to be an Odia Wikimedian. I contribute Odia knowledge (the predominant language of the Indian state of Odisha) to many Wikimedia projects, like Wikipedia and Wikisource, by writing articles and correcting mistakes in articles. I also contribute to Hindi and English Wikipedia articles." And he has done much else besides in the Wikimedia movement, as you can read in his retrospective. (Apr. 15)
Wiki-geeks get seriously young: The Statesman reports on school-age Wikipedia contributors from Hong Kong. Jimmy Wales "once described the Hong Kong team as the youngest group of Wikipedians in the world." (Apr. 15)
Block chain war: Cryptocurrency blog CoinTelegraph discusses an "edit war" on the article block chain. (Apr. 14)
Year of science: Plos.org reports that "The Wiki Education Foundation (Wiki Ed) has announced the 2016 Wikipedia Year of Science, an initiative to improve Wikipedia's potential for communicating science to the public. Through its Classroom Program (where students write Wikipedia articles on class-related topics in place of a traditional research paper) and with collaborations from Wikipedia editors, Wiki Ed will engage scientists to improve the breadth and depth of scientific content on Wikipedia." (Apr. 14)

Do you want to contribute to "In the media" by writing a story or even just an "in brief" item? Edit next week's edition in the Newsroom or contact the editor.

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2016-05-02

Purple

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By Milowent

The unexpected death of Prince on April 20 leads the chart with the highest view count in this chart's history, breaking the record that was just set this January by the passing of David Bowie. Outside the Top 10, six additional slots are taken up by Prince-related topics, but death dominated the Top 10 generally, with wrestler Chyna at #2, British comedian Victoria Wood at #7, American actress Doris Roberts at #8, and the ever popular Deaths in 2016 rising to #5 this week.

For the full top-25 lists (and our archives back to January 2013), see WP:TOP25. See this section for an explanation of any exclusions. For a list of the most edited articles every week, see here.

For the week of April 17 to 23, 2016, the ten most popular articles on Wikipedia, as determined from the report of the most viewed pages (WP:5000), were:

Rank	Article	Views	Notes
1	Prince (musician)	13,064,933	Well, although the rational side of our human brains know that the recent spate of deaths of musical icons in 2016 must be coincidental, it sure doesn't feel that way to the emotional side of our brain looking to make sense of things. The news of the completely unexpected death of Prince at age 57, a highly successful artist who first became famous in the 1980s, and whose talent was quite widely acknowledged, spread throughout the internet like wildfire. It was only in January of this year that the death of David Bowie yielded the first entry in this chart's history to hit eight figures – with 11.7 million views. Prince's death has now exceeded that record, racking up over 13 million views – and in only three days, as he died on Thursday. Bowie died on a Sunday, so his 11.7 million views were obtained over a full seven days. Does this mean that Prince was more beloved than Bowie? How does one judge?
2	Chyna	2,121,679	The lead sentence of our article on Chyna says she "was an American professional wrestler, actress, glamour model, bodybuilder, English teacher and pornographic film actress." She rose to fame on the wrestling part, though. She was found dead in her California home on April 20, at the age of 46.
3	Harriet Tubman	1,358,526	Last week it was announced that one of the most famous women in American history would be replacing President Andrew Jackson (#16) on the United States twenty-dollar bill. The new bill is expected to be unveiled in 2020. When the idea of putting a woman on a U.S. bill first arose last year, it was floated that the target was the ten-dollar bill, which features Alexander Hamilton. However, in one of those odd turns of history that will certainly generate many Reddit "Today I Learned" threads in the future, the success of the musical Hamilton was credited for the change in plans.
4	420 (cannabis culture)	1,021,596	This curious "holiday", which falls on April 20 (for obvious reasons) refers to the mysterious number 420 and its long association with marijuana usage. While it may not quite be to cannabis what Oktoberfest is to beer, it no doubt aspires to be. And it returns to the top 5 as it has in previous years. We also note the article remains, every year, far too laid back to improve any further from Start Class.
5	Deaths in 2016	953,110	A big jump this week due to #1. And with Prince's death only the latest in a streak of high profile celebrity deaths, we are now seeing many articles asking "why" there have been so many celebrity deaths in 2016. Setting aside the coincidental spikes that can always occur, the most likely answer comes from BBC obituary editor Nick Serpell. He argues that there are more famous people now, starting from the 1960s, and these people are now in the 60s and 70s and naturally starting to die. If we extrapolate from that, you could argue that social media has boosted the number of famous people once again in the past ten years. Does that mean that in 50 years this chart will be inundated with the deaths of people like the Numa Numa guy, David After Dentist and Damn Daniel? Stay tuned to find out.
6	The Jungle Book (2016 film)	939,876	Down from #2, but only 100,000 views down from last week. This American film based on Rudyard Kipling's The Jungle Book, previously adapted to screen in a 1967 animated film, had its world premiere on April 4. It was released in 15 countries on April 8, and debuted in the US on April 15 to a stellar $103 million weekend and rapturous reviews (the film currently has a 94% RT rating). Despite being described as a "live-action reboot", the film is really more of a CGI cartoon, with nearly everything onscreen except the lead child actor Neel Sethi composed of computer graphics.
7	Victoria Wood	927,781	This English commedienne and five-time BAFTA-winning actress died of cancer on April 20, 2016. Much of her humour was grounded in everyday life, and included references to popular British media and brand names of quintessentially British products, which made her fame relatively exclusive to Britain. And while I am embarrassed to admit it, this made me google whether Morrissey liked her. And indeed he did, along with many many others.
8	Doris Roberts	897,883	This American actress died on April 17, best known for her role playing Marie Barone in the American sitcom Everyone Loves Raymond. (Morrissey had nothing to say about her death, though she received many fine tributes from others.)
9	Fan (film)	892,651	On for another week, with a jump of over 150,000 views over last week. This Bollywood hybrid of The Fan and Single White Female, in which a Bollywood star and an obsessed lookalike (both played by Shah Rukh Khan (pictured)) gradually become entangled in a game of revenge, was made on a relatively hefty budget of ₹850 million ($13 million). It has now earned more than ₹1.72 billion ($26 million).
10	William Shakespeare	881,813	Yes, it is yet ANOTHER celebrity death. Zounds! However, this one occurred four hundred years ago this week, and was celebrated by a Google Doodle, among many other mentions in the press.

Just missing the WP:TOP25: Apollonia Kotero (#26, Prince-related); Prince albums discography (#27); Vanity (singer) (#28, Prince-related); List of The Flash (2014 TV series) episodes (#29); List of Bollywood films of 2016 (#30)

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2016-05-02

The best ... from the past two weeks

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By Armbrust

John Legend and Common received the Academy Award for Best Original Song for "Glory", the theme song of Selma.

This Signpost "Featured content" report covers material promoted from 17 to 30 April.
Text may be adapted from the respective articles and lists; see their page histories for attribution.

Featured articles

Critics named *Knight Lore* among the best games for the ZX Spectrum.

Seven featured articles were promoted these weeks.

The 7th Army (nominated by Peacemaker67) was a Royal Yugoslav Army formation raised prior to the German-led Axis invasion of Yugoslavia in April 1941, during World War II. It consisted of two divisions, two brigade-strength mountain detachments, and a brigade-strength infantry detachment. It formed part of the 1st Army Group, and was responsible for the defence of Yugoslavia's north-western frontier with Italy and the Third Reich.
Literary Hall (nominated by West Virginian) is a mid-19th-century brick library building and museum in Romney, West Virginia. Located at the intersection of North High Street and West Main Street, the hall was constructed between 1869 and 1870 by the Romney Literary Society. Its basic design incorporates Federal and Greek Revival styles along with Victorian details. Architectural historian Michael J. Pauley described Literary Hall as "one of Romney's and Hampshire County's most notable landmarks, and one in which this community is justifiably proud".
The Phantom Tollbooth (nominated by Wehwalt) is a 1961 children's adventure novel by Norton Juster with illustrations by Jules Feiffer. It tells the story of a bored young boy named Milo who unexpectedly receives a magic tollbooth one afternoon and, having nothing better to do, drives through it in his toy car. The tollbooth transports him to the Kingdom of Wisdom, once prosperous, now troubled. There, he acquires two faithful companions and goes on a quest to restore to the kingdom its exiled princesses—named Rhyme and Reason—from the Castle in the Air. Milo accomplishes his quest, and in so doing realizes the world around him is filled with interesting things. The text is full of puns and wordplay, and many events, such as when Milo unintentionally jumps to Conclusions (an island in Wisdom), explore the literal meanings of idioms. It has been adapted into a film, opera, and play, and translated into many languages.
Djedkare Isesi (nominated by Iry-Hor) was an Ancient Egyptian pharaoh, the eighth and penultimate ruler of the Fifth Dynasty in the late 25th to mid 24th century BCE, during the Old Kingdom period. Djedkare likely enjoyed a long reign of over 40 years, which heralded a new period in the history of the Old Kingdom. He effected comprehensive reforms of the Egyptian state administration, reorganised the funerary cults of his forebears buried in the necropolis of Abusir and reformed the corresponding priesthood.
The Gudovac massacre (nominated by 23 editor) was the mass killing of around 190 Bjelovar Serbs by the Croatian nationalist Ustaše movement in 1941. The massacre occurred shortly after the German-led Axis invasion of Yugoslavia and the establishment of the Ustaše-led Axis puppet state known as the Independent State of Croatia. It was the first act of mass murder committed by the Ustaše upon coming to power.
Maxinquaye (nominated by Dan56) is the debut album by English rapper and producer Tricky, who recorded the album primarily at his home studio in London in 1994 with his then-girlfriend, singer Martina Topley-Bird, who shared vocals on most of the tracks with him. The songs explore themes of dysfunctional sexual relationships, fear of intimacy, recreational drug use, and cultural decline. His songwriting style and use of female vocalists such as Topley-Bird were influenced by his mother, Maxine Quaye, after whom the album was titled. It reached number three on the United Kingdom's albums chart and sold over 500,000 copies worldwide.
Knight Lore (nominated by Czar) is a 1984 action-adventure game known for popularising isometric graphics in video games. The game was developed and published by Ultimate Play the Game and written by company founders Chris and Tim Stamper. In Knight Lore, the player-character Sabreman has forty days to collect objects throughout a castle and brew a cure to his werewolf curse. Each castle room is depicted in monochrome on its own screen and consists of blocks to climb, obstacles to avoid, and puzzles to solve. It is regarded as a seminal work in British gaming history. Critics considered its technical solutions and isometric 3D style a harbinger of future game design. They praised the game's controls and atmosphere of mystery, but noted its difficult gameplay and criticised its sound and occasional graphical slowdown.

Featured lists

Six featured lists were promoted these weeks.

Selma is a 2014 American historical drama film directed by Ava DuVernay. The screenplay was written by Paul Webb. The film follows the events leading up to and during the Selma to Montgomery marches, and the resulting establishment of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 which prohibited racial discrimination in voting in the United States. The film garnered awards and nominations (nominated by Cowlibob) in a variety of categories with particular praise for its direction, David Oyelowo's portrayal of Martin Luther King Jr., and the song "Glory" by John Legend and Common. It grossed a worldwide total of over $66 million on a production budget of $20 million.
Roald Dahl (1916–1990) was a British author and scriptwriter. His bibliography (nominated by SchroCat) includes nineteen novels, thirteen short story collections, twelve scripts, three poem collections and nine non-fiction works. He also selected the stories for the 1983 short story collection Roald Dahl's Book of Ghost Stories. As of 2015, Dahl's works have been translated into 59 languages and have sold more than 200 million books worldwide. His awards for contribution to literature include the World Fantasy Award for Life Achievement, and the British Book Awards' Children's Author of the Year.
Lady Gaga (born 1986) is an American singer, songwriter, and actress. Her live performances (nominated by FrB.TG and GagaNutella) include five concert tours (with 499 shows), one residency show at Roseland Ballroom and a promotional concert. Additionally she also performed live at various award ceremonies and television shows, including the MTV Video Music Awards (three times), the Grammy Awards (four times) and the Academy Awards (twice). She also performed "The Star-Spangled Banner" before Super Bowl 50.
F.C. United of Manchester is an English semi-professional association football club based in Moston, Manchester. The club was formed in June 2005 by supporters of Manchester United opposed to American businessman Malcolm Glazer's takeover of that club. The club played their first two seasons (nominated by Odder and Delusion23) in the North West Counties League, becoming the champions in the league's both divisions, and advanced to the Northern Premier League. They finished second in the Division One North, and advanced to the Premier Division through play-offs. In the 2015–16 season, the club competed in the National League North, at level six of English football, following promotion after the previous season.
The Green Park Stadium is a cricket ground in Kanpur, India. It is the home ground of the Uttar Pradesh cricket team and has played host to Ranji Trophy matches, as well as being a Test and One Day International venue. As of 2016, there have been 41 international cricket centuries (nominated by Vensatry) at the venue, with the most recent being made by Rohit Sharma during a One Day International match between India and South Africa.
Olly Murs (born 1984) is an English singer-songwriter, television presenter and actor. As of 2016, Murs has recorded 80 songs (nominated by Calvin999 and Tomica), including seven-teen singles.

Featured pictures

Four featured pictures were promoted these weeks.

Christian Fleetwood
(created by unknown author; restored and nominated by Adam Cuerden)
Meerkats
(created and nominated by Charlesjsharp)
Vervain hummingbird
(created and nominated by Charlesjsharp)
Pope Pius VII
(created by Thomas Lawrence, nominated by Spongie555)

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2016-05-02

Two editors unbanned; Wikicology case enters workshop phase; Gamaliel restricted from Gamergate at his own request

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By Andreas Kolbe

On 19 April, the arbitration committee unbanned two editors, Ottava Rima and Prof. Carl Hewitt. Both remain subject to various editing restrictions, but are permitted to contribute within certain parameters. Welcome back.

The evidence submission phase in the Wikicology case ended on 25 April. The case has now moved to the Workshop phase, which is due to close on 2 May. Proposals made to date range from a site ban or an indefinite ban from article space, which would allow Wikicology to continue contributing to draft space, user space and talk pages, to a topic ban from biomedical and public health and policy topics.

The Gamaliel and others case is in its evidence phase, which is due to end 6 May. Developments to date include a temporary injunction prohibiting DHeyward and Gamaliel from interacting, passed on 19 April 2016, and the addition of DHeyward, Arkon and JzG as involved parties, which proved controversial on the case's talk page.

Independently of the ongoing case, on 30 April the committee made an announcement on the ArbCom noticeboard indefinitely restricting Gamaliel, "per his request", "from taking any action to enforce any arbitration decision within the GamerGate topic, broadly construed".

In an amendment to the Infoboxes arbitration case announced on 21 April, the arbitration committee rescinded three remedies applied to Pigsonthewing, who is "cautioned that the topic of infoboxes remains contentious under some circumstances and that he should edit carefully in this area."

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2016-05-02

The eight roles of Wikipedians; do edit histories expose social relations among editors?

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By Guillaume Paumier, Brian Keegan and Tilman Bayer

A monthly overview of recent academic research about Wikipedia and other Wikimedia projects, also published as the Wikimedia Research Newsletter.

"Who did what: editor role identification in Wikipedia"

Reviewed by Guillaume Paumier

Who did what: editor role identification in Wikipedia is the title of an upcoming paper to be presented at the International Conference on Web and Social Media (ICWSM) in Cologne, Germany.^[1] The work presented in the paper is a collaboration between researchers from Carnegie Mellon University and the Wikimedia Foundation. The authors' goal was to analyze edits from the English Wikipedia to identify roles played by editors and to examine how those roles affected the quality of articles.

Identifying roles of participants in online communities helps researchers and practitioners better understand the social dynamics that lead to healthy, thriving communities. This line of research started in the 2000s, focused on Usenet groups, before expanding to wiki communities like Wikipedia.^{[supp 1]}

The paper covers the three stages of work:

determining edit categories, to describe the types of changes made by editors;
modeling editor roles represented by those categories;
measuring the quality of a set of articles over time, and determining if its evolution is linked to the roles played by their editors.

For the first stage, the authors built on previous publications that aimed at classifying Wikipedia edits, in particular the work by Daxenberger et al.^{[supp 2]} Classifying edits usually starts by separating them by namespace. A more granular approach considers not just the namespace, but the content of the change. This was the method chosen here for edits in the main namespace, with the possibility of assigning a revision to multiple categories: for example, a single revision can entail both "grammar" and "template insertion" changes. Those categories were operationalized using an ensemble method classifier based on the content and metadata of the edit.

Then, the authors derived roles based on patterns that emerged from the classes of edits, using the latent Dirichlet allocation method (LDA). This method is traditionally used in natural language processing to identify topics making up a document. Here, the authors used the method to identify roles making up a user, positing that a user is a mixture of roles in the same way that a document is a mixture of topics. In addition to edits, they trained the LDA model using other information such as reverts, and edits in other namespaces.

They ended up with eight roles: social networker, fact checker, substantive expert, copy editor, wiki gnomes, vandal fighter, fact updater, and Wikipedian. They found that most editors play between one and three of those roles. To validate the roles, they attempted to predict edit categories based on the editors' roles, with mixed results.

Last, the authors examined whether the roles of editors were correlated with the evolution of the quality of a set of articles. They measured article quality twice, six months apart, using an existing model^{[supp 3]} that assigns a score in Wikipedia's qualitative assessment scale based on the article's measurable characteristics.

The cleanup work of *WikiGnomes* becomes more important after the content added by *substantive experts* has improved an article's quality

They found some correlation between the difference in quality and the roles involved, taking into account control variables like the starting quality score. Their results suggest that "the activities of different types of editors are needed at different stages of article development". For example, "as articles increase in quality, the substantive content added by substantive experts is needed less" but "the cleanup activities by Wiki Gnomes become more important".

One limitation acknowledged by the authors is that their detailed edit classification was only performed on edits made in the main namespace (Wikipedia articles). For other edits, they only considered the namespace itself. Namespaces like Wikipedia: are host to very varied activities, and applying the same level of detail to them would presumably yield a richer, and possibly more accurate, taxonomy of roles.

Some choices in the role nomenclature are a little surprising. For example, it seems odd to have one role simply called "Wikipedians", or "reference modification" being a behavior representative of "social networkers". Translating patterns of data (structural signatures) into words (roles) is a difficult exercise, and often a weak link in such analyses.

In conclusion, the article is a welcome contribution to the field of Wikipedia research, in particular of editor roles on Wikipedia. Many previous role identification efforts have used a simplified approach where editors were reduced to their main role. In contrast, here the authors went further and considered editors as a mixture of roles, which is expected to provide a more accurate representation of human behavior.

Since the authors mention task recommendation as a possible application of their work, it would be particularly interesting to examine how the role composition of a user evolves over time. There may be patterns in the evolution of users' roles during their life cycle as editors. Uncovering such patterns could lead to more relevant task recommendations, and help guide editors along their contribution journey.

"Verifying social network models of Wikipedia knowledge community"

Reviewed by Brian C. Keegan

This paper was published in the Information Sciences journal and was co-authored by researchers from several Polish universities.^[2] The paper's central research question is "are the popular assumptions about the social interpretations of networks created from the edit history valid?" The paper evaluates four different methods for constructing complex networks from Wikipedia data and comparing these constructs with survey results about Polish Wikipedians' self-reported relationships. While there is a strong correspondence between all the different network types, networks derived from Wikipedians' talk pages map most clearly onto Wikipedians' feelings of acquaintanceship.

The paper examines four kinds of relationships: co-edits to article and user talk pages (acquaintanceship), co-edits in the vicinity of other users' text (trust), reverts of editors' revisions (conflict), and co-edits to articles in the same category (shared interest). Crucially, the paper extends prior research using these network constructs by conducting a respondent-driven survey of Wikipedians to ask them to name other Wikipedians they consider to be acquaintances, trusted, conflict-prone, or having the same interest. The survey respondents tended to be more experienced than typical users and so responses were re-weighted based on population frequency.

The paper goes on to use a variety of machine learning methods to evaluate the strength of the relationship between different behavioral features and the self-reported relationships. First the find that naive constructions of these networks from behavioral data only end up predicting one kind of relationship (discussion/acquaintanceship). Using more complex sets of temporal features such as days since last edit and category similarity to account for biases in self-reporting yielding only marginal improvements in model performance. The authors conclude by suggesting that the correspondence between relationships imputed from observed Wikipedia data and the relationships reported by Wikipedians themselves are weak.

The survey methods employed in this paper to generate the ground-truth networks can be criticized by the lack of randomness in the population or generalizability across other wiki communities. Similarly, there are well-known limits on informant accuracy compounded by the often impersonal nature of the editing interface and process. Nevertheless, this research suggests that researchers combining behavioral data social network methods may be making faulty assumptions about how strong the observed relationships are actually perceived by the Wikipedians themselves.

Briefly

"Tracking interactions across business news, social media, and stock fluctuations"

Reviewed by Brian C. Keegan

This study^[3] from researchers at the University of Helsinki examines cross-correlations between Wikipedia pageviews, news media mentions, and company stock prices. This work extends prior work that developed a trading strategy based on Wikipedia pageviews to assess stock market moves^[4]^[5] by extracting entities about companies, products, and dates from news media mentions and matching them to Wikipedia entries. An exploratory case study demonstrates there are some correlations across these three indices and that the strongest cross-correlations are observed without a time lag and for the same company. However, in a subsequent case study involving 11 large companies, the strongest cross-correlations were for The Home Depot and Netflix. That correlations among news mentions, Wikipedia pageviews, and stock performance is neither theoretically nor empirically surprising, but the paper's work on identifying entities and mapping them to Wikipedia articles could have some potential. Research like this comparing correlations across dozens of entities and time series is subject to multiple comparisons problems and there's likewise a large body of methods in mathematical finance that can be used to extend these findings further.

New event calendar

A calendar of events (mostly research conferences) relevant to Wikimedia-related research has recently been set up on Meta-wiki. Notable entries for this month include CHI 2016 and ICWSM-16.

"Detection of text-based advertising and promotion in Wikipedia by deep learning method"

Reviewed by Tilman Bayer

This conference paper^[6] presents a method to automatically detect promotional content in Wikipedia. It appears to aim at articles, but the actual method focuses on user pages.

The authors highlight the fact that their method is purely text-based, whereas "[c]urrently most researches about spamming in Wikipedia are focusing on editing behavior and making use of user’s edit history to do feature-based judging." (See, however, our earlier coverage of a related paper that reported success using stylometric, i.e. text-based features: "Legendary, acclaimed, world-class text analysis method finds you promotional Wikipedia articles really easily")

The researchers explain that a "traditional bag-of-words document vector representation" (counting only word frequencies) is insufficient. Instead, they "employ a deep learning method to obtain a word vector for each word and then apply a sliding window on each document to gradually gain the document vector." The classifier was trained on a dataset of user pages speedily deleted under criterion "G11. Unambiguous advertising or promotion", compared to user pages of administrators which were assumed to be advertising-free. In tests (which apart from Wikipedia user pages also included a dataset of web page ads drawn from other sites) it "produced better performance than the bag-of-words model in both precision and recall measurements."

Other recent publications

A list of other recent publications that could not be covered in time for this issue – contributions are always welcome for reviewing or summarizing newly published research.

"Taking Online Search Queries as an Indicator of the Public Agenda The Role of Public Uncertainty"^[7] From the abstract: "... the influence of media coverage on Wikipedia searches concerning two issues is compared: one issue with uncertainty (the Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli [EHEC] epidemic), and one without uncertainty (unemployment). Analyses show much stronger correlations in the case of EHEC, which suggests that online search behavior may especially be used as an indicator of the public agenda in case public uncertainty exists." (see also: earlier publication by the same authors)
"Public relations interactions with Wikipedia"^[8] From the abstract: "The purpose of this paper is to consider the relevance of the institutional analysis and development (IAD) framework (Ostrom, 1990) in understanding the incentives for public relations (PR) practitioners’ interactions with Wikipedia, and other common-pool media. [... It] applies the economics theory of commons governance to two case studies of PR interactions with Wikipedia. [...] The analysis concludes that commons governance theory identifies the downside risks of opportunistic behaviour by PR practitioners in their interactions with media commons such as Wikipedia. ... The economic value of information held by public relations professionals has been undermined by the collaborative nature of common pool media, which has consequences for the role of public relations."
"Digital Library Citation Parsing to Wikipedia Reference Analysis"^[9] From the abstract: "... we empirically verify the potential of automatic identification of incomplete references in Wikipedia with our machine learning based software. Second we propose a normalization method on the identified result to group identical references. We evaluate the reference parsing performance of our system on author and title fields then provide Wikipedia citation statistics on the identified and normalized result."
"Collaboration of Pre-Service Early Childhood Teachers in Dyads for Wikipedia Article Authoring"^[10] From the abstract: "A prerequisite for pre-service teachers, among others, is their preparation to apply collaborative methodologies [...] In this paper, we discuss an approach involving collaboration of pre-service early childhood teachers in dyads while working on Wikipedia article authoring. To the best of our knowledge, there is no other such approach combining all these characteristics. [...] From an approach such as ours, benefits can be derived for students themselves, society and Wikipedia."
"A New Epistemic Culture? Wikipedia as an Arena for the Production of Knowledge in Late Modernity"^[11]
"Wikipedia, democracy and local elections in São Paulo: a study of the developing of articles edited during the election campaign in 2012"^[12] From the English abstract: "This article has as main objective to understand how during the campaign to elect the mayor of São Paulo city in 2012 users have accessed articles related to the three leading candidates – Russomanno, Haddad and Serra – and have edited them. We consider the period from 2008 to 2012 as a reference to explore variables such as the page view indices and the number of editions provided by frequent users. It was concluded that the intensification of the political battle during the election period affects the number of access to such articles, their editions, and the nature of the interaction between registered editors."
"Hot news detection using Wikipedia"^[13] From the blog post: "I show how we can use the number of Wikipedia article page views to determine if a news story is hot. This approach is fully data-driven and does not need any human supervision."

References

^ Yang, Diyi; Halfaker, Aaron; Kraut, Robert; Hovy, Eduard (2016-05-17). Who Did What: Editor Role Identification in Wikipedia (PDF). International Conference on Web and Social Media (ICWSM-16). Cologne, Germany.
^ Jankowski-Lorek, Michał; Jaroszewicz, Szymon; Ostrowski, Łukasz; Wierzbicki, Adam (2016-04-20). "Verifying social network models of Wikipedia knowledge community". Information Sciences. 339: 158–174. doi:10.1016/j.ins.2015.12.015. ISSN 0020-0255.
^ Karkulahti, Ossi; Pivovarova, Lidia; Du, Mian; Kangasharju, Jussi; Yangarber, Roman (2016-03-20). "Tracking Interactions Across Business News, Social Media, and Stock Fluctuations". In Nicola Ferro; Fabio Crestani; Marie-Francine Moens; Josiane Mothe; Fabrizio Silvestri; Giorgio Maria Di Nunzio; Claudia Hauff; Gianmaria Silvello (eds.). Advances in Information Retrieval. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer International Publishing. pp. 735–740. ISBN 9783319306704.
^ Alanyali, Merve; Moat, Helen Susannah; Preis, Tobias (2013-12-20). "Quantifying the Relationship Between Financial News and the Stock Market". Scientific Reports. 3. doi:10.1038/srep03578. ISSN 2045-2322. Retrieved 2016-04-28.
^ Moat, Helen Susannah; Curme, Chester; Avakian, Adam; Kenett, Dror Y.; Stanley, H. Eugene; Preis, Tobias (2013-05-08). "Quantifying Wikipedia Usage Patterns Before Stock Market Moves". Scientific Reports. 3. doi:10.1038/srep01801. ISSN 2045-2322. Retrieved 2016-04-28.
^ Guo, Yuanzhen; Iwaihara, Mizuho (2015). Detection of text-based advertising and promotion in Wikipedia by deep learning method (PDF). DEIM Forum. p. 1.
^ Maurer, Marcus; Holbach, Thomas (2015-10-22). "Taking Online Search Queries as an Indicator of the Public Agenda The Role of Public Uncertainty". Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly. doi:10.1177/1077699015610072. ISSN 1077-6990.
^ Gareth Thompson (2016-01-05). "Public relations interactions with Wikipedia". Journal of Communication Management. doi:10.1108/JCOM-12-2014-0083. ISSN 1363-254X.
^ Kim, Young-Min. "From Digital Library Citation Parsing to Wikipedia Reference Analysis" (Billet).
^ Galini, Rekalidou; Karadimitriou, Konstantinos; Prentzas, Jim (2015-05-25). "Collaboration of Pre-Service Early Childhood Teachers in Dyads for Wikipedia Article Authoring". International Journal of Modern Education Research. Vol. 2 (No. 2): 8–17. ISSN 2375-3781. {{cite journal}}: |issue= has extra text (help); |volume= has extra text (help)
^ Gelernter, Lior. "A New Epistemic Culture? Wikipedia as an Arena for the Production of Knowledge in Late Modernity".
^ Sousa, Carlos Henrique Parente; Marques, Francisco Paulo Jamil Almeida (2015). "Wikipedia, democracy and local elections in São Paulo: a study of the developing of articles edited during the election campaign in 2012". Revista Eletrônica de Comunicação, Informação & Inovação em Saúde. 9 (2). ("Wikipédia, democracia e eleições municipais em São Paulo: um estudo sobre as edições de verbetes durante a campanha eleitoral de 2012"; in Portuguese, with English and Spanish abstracts)
^ Firooz, Hamed. "Hot news detection using Wikipedia".

Supplementary references:

^ An ambitious review of such efforts is currently underway at m:Research:Codex/Roles of contributors.
^ Corpus-Based Study of Edit Categories in Featured and Non-Featured Wikipedia Articles, mentioned in the November 2012 Research Newsletter.
^ Tell me more: an actionable quality model for Wikipedia, mentioned in the July 2013 Research Newsletter.

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