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Intensity

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Strongest typhoons

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Typhoon Megi on October 17, the first typhoon to reach a pressure below 900mbar in the 21st century

Some typhoons that reach its maximum intensity below 900mbar occur in major or minor El Niño seasons, for example Typhoon Vanessa in 1984. Typically, typhoons reach their peak strength between August to October. Storms below are listed by the strength, depending on the pressure and winds. Typhoon Tip reached its peak strength in mid-October 1979, with a pressure down to 870millibars, making it the strongest and largest tropical cyclone ever recorded.

Rank Storm Date of peak Season Maximum sustained winds Pressure
1 Tip (Warling) October 12 1979 305 km/h (190 mph) 870 mbar
2 June (Rosing) November 19 1975 295 km/h (185 mph) 875 mbar
3 Ida September 24 1958 325 km/h (200 mph) 877 mbar
4 Nora (Luming) October 5 1973 295 km/h (185 mph) 877 mbar
5 Typhoon Kit (Emang) June 25-26 1966 315 km/h (195 mph) 880 mbar
6 Typhoon Vanessa (Reming) October 27 1984 285 km/h (180 mph) 880 mbar
7 Nancy September 12-13 1961 345 km/h (215 mph) 882 mbar
8 Joan August 29 1959 315 km/h (195 mph) 885 mbar
9 Nina August 11-12 1953 295 km/h (185 mph) 885 mbar
10 Megi (Juan) October 17 2010 295 km/h (185 mph) 885 mbar

Location

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Formation near the euator

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Main article: List of equatorial tropical cyclones
Track of Tropical Storm Vamei

This is a list of all tropical cyclones that are closest to the equator. It is recorded that only 3 storms developed between the equator and 2°N.[1][2][3] Only 5 storms that are closest to the equator are listed below.

Storm Year Minimum Latitude
Tropical Storm Vamei 2001 1.4°N
Typhoon Sarah 1956 1.7°N
Tropical Storm Peipah 2014 1.8°N
Typhoon Bopha 2012 2.2°N
Typhoon Hagupit (2014) 2014 2.6°N

Philippines

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Earliest named storms by PAGASA (2001- Current)

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The Philippines has an agency called PAGASA (known as Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomy Services Administraion) name storms which enters or forms within their area of responsibility starting in 1963. However they changed their naming system to both male and female names in 2001, instead of just female names.

Earliest formation of Western Pacific basin tropical cyclones by letter
Storm number Earliest Next earliest
Name Date of formation Name Date of formation
A TIE Auring - January 3, 2009 Agaton January 10, 2002
Auring - January 3, 2013
B Bising January 9, 2013 Basyang January 29, 2014
C Crising February 18, 2013 Caloy March 16, 2002
D Domeng April 6, 2014 Dante May 1, 2009
E Emong May 6, 2009 Enteng May 18, 2004
F Frank June 4, 2004 Fabian June 19, 2004
G Gener June 7, 2004 Gorio June 27, 2013
H Helen June 18, 2004 Huaning July 9, 2009
I Igme June 26, 2004 Isang July 14, 2009
J Julian July 13, 2004 TIE Jolina July 30, 2009
Jolina July 30, 2013
K Kabayan August 4, 2003 Kiko August 5, 2013
L Labuyo August 8, 2013 Lakay August 18, 2003
M Maring August 16, 2013 Manang August 18, 2003
N Niña August 19, 2003 Nando August 25, 2013
O Onyok August 29, 2003 Odette September 16, 2013
P Pogi September 7, 2003 Paolo September 26, 2013
Q Quiel September 15, 2003 Quedan September 29, 2013
R Roskas September 18, 2003 Ramil October 5, 2013
S Sikat September 25, 2003 Santi October 9, 2013
T Tino October 14, 2013 Tisoy October 17, 2013
U TIE Urduja - October 22, 2013 Unding November 14, 2004
Ursula - October 22, 2003
V Vinta October 28, 2013 Viring October 30, 2003
W Wilma November 1, 2013 Weng November 12, 2003
Y Yolanda November 6, 2013 Yoyoy November 27, 2003
Z Zoraida November 10, 2013 Zosimo December 16, 2004
Based on data from: U.S. NOAA Coastal Service Center - Historical Hurricane Tracks Tool

Philippines' deadliest typhoons

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Rank[4] Storm Dates of impact Year Deaths
1 September 1881 typhoon September 27 1881 20,000
2 Haiyan (Yolanda) November 7-8 2013 6,241[6]
4 Bopha (Pablo) December 2-3 2012 1,901
5 Angela Typhoon September 22 1867 1,800[7]
6 Winnie November 27-30 2004 1,593
7 October 1897 Typhoon October 7 1897 1,500[7]
8 Ike (Nitang) September 3-6 1984 1,492
9 Fengshen (Frank) June 20-23 2008 1,410
10 Durian (Reming) November 29-
December 1		 2006 1,399

Seasonal records

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Storm records

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  • 1979
    • Typhoon Tip makes the record for the most intense tropical cyclone ever globally.
  • 2001
  • 2002
    • Typhoon Mitag becomes the earliest intense typhoon ever within the Western Pacific basin as a Category 5 super typhoon.
  • 2010
    • Typhoon Megi reaches a minimum pressure of 885 millibars, which makes it the first intense typhoon to reach a pressure below 900 millibars in the 21st century.
  • 2013
    • Typhoon Haiyan makes the record for making landfall at a very strong intensity with a minimum pressure of 895 millibars and 1-minute sustained winds of 315 km/h (190 mph).
  • 2015
    • Typhoon Higos becomes the strongest storm in the month of February as a Category 4 typhoon.
    • Typhoon Maysak also becomes the strongest typhoon before the month of April, beating Typhoon Mitag of a pressure down to 905 millibars.
    • Typhoon Noul becomes one of the Top 5 strongest typhoons in the month of May.

Wettest tropical cyclones

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Main article: List of wettest tropical cyclones by country

China

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See also: China tropical cyclone rainfall climatology

China is a mountainous country, which leads to rapid dissipation of cyclones that move inland as well as significant amounts of rain from those dissipating cyclones. Typhoon Nina (1975) caused the collapse of two huge reservoirs and ten smaller dams when 1,062 millimetres (41.8 in) fell in Henan Province during a 24‑hour period, which is the record for Mainland China. Typhoon Sam of the 1999 Pacific typhoon season became the wettest known tropical cyclone to impact Hong Kong since records began in 1884, breaking a 73 year old record.[8] Precipitation associated with tropical cyclones and their remains can bring snow to Tibet. An early October 2004 tropical depression brought daily precipitation of 6 centimetres (2.4 in) of liquid equivalent precipitation to Che-Ku county in the form of heavy snow, which was a new October daily precipitation record for both rain and snow. This led to a loss of 340,000 kg of food, 230,000 kg of forage grass, and 263 livestock in the snowstorm.[9]

Typhoon Chanchu/Caloy

Mainland

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Wettest tropical cyclones and their remnants in Mainland China
Highest-known totals
Precipitation Storm Location Ref.
Rank mm in
1 1629.0 64.13 Nina 1975 Banqiao Dam [10]
2 951.0 37.4 In-fa 2021 Yuyao [11]
3 831.1 32.72 Fitow 2001 Changjiang County [12]
4 806.0 31.73 Soudelor 2015 Wenzhou [13]
5 744.8 29.32 Doksuri 2023 Wangjiayuan Reservoir [14][15]
6 662.0 26.01 Chanthu 2021 Dinghai District, Zhoushan [16]
7 600.0 24.00 Haikui 2012 Anhui Province [17]
8 555.0 21.85 Chanchu 2006 Zhangpu County [18]

Japan

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The mountainous island archipelago is constantly struck by typhoons recurving out of the tropics, which are normally in extratropical transition as they pass through Japan. Typhoon Wipha in 2013 produced a 24‑hour total of 824 millimetres (32.4 in) on October 15/16 on Izu Oshima.[19][20] Typhoon Meari/Quinta of the 2004 Pacific typhoon season led to heavy rain at Owase with a total of 741 millimetres (29.2 in) ending at 1500 UTC on the 29th.[21] Typhoon Saomai in 2000 produced record rainfall at Nagoya, 584.2 millimetres (23.00 in) in 24 hours.[22] Fran of the 1976 Pacific typhoon season holds the national 24-hour precipitation record of 1,174 millimetres (46.2 in).[23]

Severe Tropical Storm Talas approaching Japan on September 2, 2011
Wettest tropical cyclones and their remnants in Japan
Highest-known totals
Precipitation Storm Location Ref.
Rank mm in
1 2781.0 109.50 Fran 1976 Hiso [24]
2 >2000.0 >78.74 Namtheun 2004 Kisawa [25]
3 1805.5 71.08 Talas 2011 Kamikitayama [26]
4 1518.9 59.80 Olive 1971 Ebino [27]
5 1322.0 52.04 Nabi 2005 Mikado [28]
6 1286.0 50.62 Kent 1992 Hidegadake [29]
7 1167.0 45.94 Judy 1989 Hidegadake [30]
8 1138.0 44.80 Abby 1983 Amagisan [31]
9 1124.0 44.25 Flo 1990 Yanase [32]
10 ~1092.0 ~43.00 Trix 1971 Yangitake [33]

Okinawa

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Typhoon Muifa near Okinawa on August 5, 2011
Wettest tropical cyclones and their remnants in Okinawa
Highest-known totals
Precipitation Storm Location Ref.
Rank mm in
1 1065.0 41.92 Sinlaku 2008 Yonagunijima [34]
2 1059.0 41.70 Emma 1956 Kadena Air Force Base [35]
3 1014.0 41.00 Muifa 2011 [36]
4 575.6 22.66 Charlotte 1959 Naha Air Force Base [37]
5 535.0 21.06 Bolaven 2012 Kunigami [38]
6 473.7 18.65 Cora 1969 Kadena Air Force Base [37]
7 452.0 17.80 Sinlaku 2002 Oku [39]
8 407.2 16.03 Grace 1961 Kadena Air Force Base [37]
9 345.0 13.50 Conson 2004 Tarama [40]
10 342.0 13.46 Kujira 2003 [41]

Ryukyu Islands

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Typhoon Rusa caused 409 millimetres (16.1 in) of rain to fall at Naze on August 29–30, 2002.[42] Typhoon Aere dropped 314.5 millimetres (12.38 in) of rain in the 65 hour period ending at 1400 UTC on August 25, 2004 at Ishigakihima.[43] Typhoon Agnes in August 1957 dropped 586.2 millimetres (23.08 in) of rainfall on Marcus Island.[37] In 1972, Typhoon Rita dumped 31.87 in (809 mm) on Okinoerabu Shima.[44]

Philippines

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See also: Typhoons in the Philippines
Typhoon Mindulle/Igme

This Philippines island archipelago is fairly mountainous, with the highest terrain found in Luzon.

Wettest tropical cyclones and their remnants in the Philippine islands
Highest-known totals
Precipitation Storm Location Ref.
Rank mm in
1 2210.0 87.01 July 1911 cyclone Baguio [45]
2 1854.3 73.00 Pepeng (Parma) (2009) Baguio [46]
3 1216.0 47.86 Trining (Carla) (1967) Baguio [45]
4 1116.0 43.94 Iliang (Zeb) (1998) La Trinidad, Benguet [47]
5 1085.8 42.74 Feria (Utor) (2001) Baguio [48]
6 1077.8 42.43 Lando (Koppu) (2015) Baguio [46]
7 1012.7 39.87 Igme (Mindulle) (2004) [49]
8 902.0 35.51 Dante (Kujira) (2009) [50]
9 879.9 34.64 September 1929 typhoon Virac, Catanduanes [51]
10 869.6 34.24 Openg (Dinah) (1977) Western Luzon [52]

Vietnam

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Flooding in Hue, Vietnam triggered by Typhoon Ketsana in 2009
Wettest tropical cyclones and their remnants s and their remnants in Vietnam
Highest-known totals
Precipitation Storm Location Ref.
Rank mm in
1 1,773 69.80 Pepiah 2007 Nam Dong [53]
2 1,369 53.90 Tropical Depression 06W 2007 Huong Khe [53]
3 1,239 48.78 September 2009 Vietnam tropical depression Da Nang [54]
4 914 35.98 Ketsana 2009 Quang Nam [54]
5 788 31.02 Lekima 2007 [53]
6 699 27.52 Ira 1990 [55]
7 666 26.22 Mirinae 2009 Vân Canh [54]
8 550 21.65 Xangsane 2006 [56]
9 497 19.57 Tropical Depression 2009 Quang Ngai Province [57]
10 470 18.50 Eve 1999 Ky Anh District [58]

Effects

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Costliest Pacific typhoons

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Costliest known Pacific typhoons (adjusted for inflation)
Rank Typhoon Season Damage
(2023 USD)
1 Doksuri 2023 $28.4 billion
2 Mireille 1991 $22.4 billion
3 Hagibis 2019 $20.6 billion
4 Jebi 2018 $17 billion
5 Yagi 2024 $16.6 billion
6 Songda 2004 $15 billion
7 Fitow 2013 $13.6 billion
8 Faxai 2019 $11.9 billion
9 Saomai 2000 $11.1 billion
10 Lekima 2019 $11.1 billion
Source: [1]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/cgi-bin/dt/search_name2.pl?gid=90f74b2be4f54f42be0b54e45dd105e8&lang=en&basin=wnp
  2. ^ http://www.prh.noaa.gov/cphc/summaries/1992.php#Ekeka
  3. ^ http://www.nrlmry.navy.mil/tcdat/tc12/WPAC/26W.BOPHA/trackfile.txt
  4. ^ Ten Worst Typhoons of the Philippines (A Summary)
  5. ^ Leoncio A. Amadore, PhD Socio-Economic Impacts of Extreme Climatic Events in the Philippines. Retrieved on 2007-02-25.
  6. ^ "TyphoonHaiyan - RW Updates". United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. December 28, 2013. Philippines: Hundreds of corpses unburied after Philippine typhoon. Retrieved December 30, 2013.}
  7. ^ a b Pedro Ribera, Ricardo Garcia-Herrera and Luis Gimeno (July 2008). "Historical deadly typhoons in the Philippines". Weather. 63 (7). Royal Meteorological Society: 196. doi:10.1002/wea.275.
  8. ^ Hong Kong Observatory. Weather Cases: Typhoon Sam Retrieved on June 23, 2007.
  9. ^ Cite error: The named reference PADGETTOCT2004 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  10. ^ Burt, Christopher C. (May 30, 2018). "The Deadliest Weather-Related Catastrophe You Probably Never Heard Of". Weather Underground. Archived from the original on 2022-01-12. Retrieved 2022-01-15.
  11. ^ Meili, Cao (2021-07-26). 余姚暴雨累计雨量达951毫米 相当于余姚近三天下了约37个西湖的水量. Sina News (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 2021-07-27. Retrieved 2021-07-27.
  12. ^ Padgett, Gary (2006-12-27). "Monthly Global Tropical Cyclone Summary August 2001". Australian Severe Weather Index. Jimmy Deguara. Retrieved 2007-01-13.
  13. ^ 重要天气新闻通稿: 今年第13号 台风"苏迪罗"深入内陆影响结束. National Meteorological Center (in Chinese). August 11, 2015. Archived from the original on 2015-08-12. Retrieved 2015-08-11.
  14. ^ "Beijing records heaviest rainfall in at least 140 years, causing severe flooding and 21 deaths". ABC News. Retrieved 2023-08-03.
  15. ^ Zhang, Shuai (2023-08-02). "China sees record flooding in Beijing, with 20 deaths and mass destruction blamed on Typhoon Doksuri". cbsnews.com. Retrieved 2023-08-03.
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  22. ^ Tropical Storm Risk. Summary of the 2000 NW Pacific Typhoon Season and Verification of Author's Seasonal Forecasts. Retrieved on February 19, 2007.
  23. ^ Kitamoto Asanobu. Digital Typhoon: Link Collection. Retrieved on February 19, 2007.
  24. ^ Ikuo Tasaka (1981). "The Difference of Rainfall Distribution in Relation to Time-Scale: A Case Study on Heavy Rainfall of September 8–13, 1976, in the Shikoku Island Caused by Typhoon 7617 Fran" (PDF). Geographical Review of Japan (in Japanese). 54 (10): 570–578. doi:10.4157/grj.54.570. Retrieved January 5, 2016.
  25. ^ Gonghui Wang; Akira Suemine; Gen Furuya; Masahiro Kaibori & Kyoji Sassa (2006). Rainstorm-induced landslides in Kisawa village, Tokushima Prefecture, Japan (PDF) (Report). International Association for Engineering Geology. Retrieved January 5, 2016.
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  34. ^ "Digital Typhoon: Typhoon 200813 (SINLAKU) - Disaster Information". agora.ex.nii.ac.jp. Retrieved 2022-11-25.
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  36. ^ Dave Ornauer (August 6, 2011). "USFJ-AFL division title games postponed (Updated)". Stars and Stripes. Retrieved August 6, 2011.
  37. ^ a b c d Roth, David M. (January 3, 2023). "Tropical Cyclone Point Maxima". Tropical Cyclone Rainfall Data. United States Weather Prediction Center. Retrieved January 6, 2023. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  38. ^ (in Japanese) "【台風１５号】国頭で総雨量５３５ミリ　大宜味床下浸水２４件". 琉球新報. Yahoo! News. August 28, 2012. Archived from the original on 2012-08-29. Retrieved August 29, 2012.
  39. ^ Padgett, Gary; Kevin Boyle; John Wallace; Huang Chunliang; Simon Clarke (May 17, 2005). "Monthly Global Tropical Cyclone Summary August 2002". Australian Severe Weather Index. Jimmy Deguara. Retrieved January 1, 2007.
  40. ^ (in Japanese) "Rainfall from Typhoon Conson". National Institute of Informatics. 2004. Retrieved April 17, 2010.
  41. ^ Gary Padgett (June 12, 2003). "Monthly Tropical Cyclone Summary for April 2003". Typhoon 2000. Retrieved March 15, 2008.
  42. ^ Padgett, Gary; Kevin Boyle; John Wallace; Huang Chunliang; Simon Clarke (May 17, 2005). "Monthly Global Tropical Cyclone Summary August 2002". Australian Severe Weather Index. Jimmy Deguara. Retrieved January 13, 2007.
  43. ^ Padgett, Gary; Wallace, John; Chunliang, Huang; Clarke, Simon (May 17, 2005). "Monthly Global Tropical Cyclone Summary August 2004". Australian Severe Weather Index. Jimmy Deguara. Retrieved January 13, 2007. {{cite web}}: |first2= missing |last2= (help); Unknown parameter |last 2= ignored (|last2= suggested) (help)
  44. ^ "1972 Annual Tropical Cyclone Report" (PDF). Joint Typhoon Warning Center. p. 31. Retrieved April 6, 2014.
  45. ^ a b J. L. H. Paulhaus (1973). World Meteorological Organization Operational Hydrology Report No. 1: Manual For Estimation of Probable Maximum Precipitation. World Meteorological Organization. p. 178.
  46. ^ a b Nick Wiltgen (October 21, 2015). "Former Super Typhoon Koppu (Lando) Weakens to Remnant Low over Northern Philippines". The Weather Channel. Retrieved October 21, 2015.
  47. ^ Guillermo Q. Tabios III; David S. Rojas Jr. Rainfall Duration-Frequency Curve for Ungaged Sites in the High Rainfall, Benguet Mountain Region in the Philippines (PDF) (Report). Kyoto University. Retrieved June 2, 2015.
  48. ^ Leoncio A. Amadore, Ph.D. Socio-Economic Impacts of Extreme Climatic Events in the Philippines. Retrieved on February 25, 2007.
  49. ^ Padgett, Gary; Kevin Boyle; John Wallace; Huang Chunliang; Simon Clarke (October 26, 2006). "Monthly Global Tropical Cyclone Summary June 2004". Australian Severe Weather Index. Jimmy Deguara. Retrieved January 13, 2007.
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  51. ^ Coronas, José (September 1929). "Typhoons and Depressions – a Destructive Typhoon Over Southern and Central Luzon on September 2 and 3, 1929" (PDF). Monthly Weather Review. 57 (9). American Meteorological Society: 398–399. Bibcode:1929MWRv...57..398C. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1929)57<398b:TADDTO>2.0.CO;2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 Feb 2017. Retrieved September 26, 2015.
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  53. ^ a b c "Typhoon Committee Country report 2007: Vietnam" (PDF). Vietnam Hydro meteorological Service. World Meteorological Organization. November 19, 2007. Retrieved June 5, 2010.
  54. ^ a b c "Typhoon Committee Country report 2009: Vietnam" (PDF). Vietnam Hydro meteorological Service. World Meteorological Organization. January 25, 2010. Retrieved June 5, 2010.
  55. ^ Cite error: The named reference JTWC1990 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  56. ^ International Children Assistance Network. VIETNAM: SUMMARY REPORT ON THE TYPHOON NO.6 - XANGSANE. Retrieved on March 23, 2008.
  57. ^ Tuoi Tre (October 19, 2009). "Tropical low triggers heavy rains, floods in central Vietnam". Thanh Nien Daily. Retrieved November 3, 2009. [dead link‍]
  58. ^ "The Role in Local Institutions in Reducing Vulnerability to Recurrent Natural Disasters and in Sustainable Livelihoods Development". Food and Agriculture Organization. March 14, 2008. Retrieved June 5, 2010.
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