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Overall guidance

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Abbreviations

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  • When an abbreviation will be used in an article, first introduce it using the full expression
  • Except in special circumstances, common abbreviations (such as PhD, DNA, USSR) need not be expanded even on first use.

--Wikipedia:Manual of Style#Write out both the full version and the abbreviation at first occurrence

  • "When the United States is mentioned with one or more other countries in the same sentence, U.S. or US may be too informal, especially at the first mention or as a noun instead of an adjective (France and the United States, not France and the US)." Wikipedia:Manual of Style#US and U.S.

Academic degrees

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"Post-nominal letters for academic degrees following the subject's name (such as Steve Jones, PhD; Margaret Doe, JD) may occasionally be used within an article where the person with the degree is not the subject, to clarify that person's qualifications with regard to some part of the article, though this is usually better explained in descriptive wording. Avoid this practice otherwise. See Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Abbreviations § Contractions." — Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Biography#Academic titles and degrees

All caps

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[[MOS:ALLCAPS]] "Reduce newspaper headlines and other titles from all caps to title case – or to sentence case if required by the citation style established in the article. For example, replace the headline or title "WAR BEGINS TODAY" with "War Begins Today" or, if necessary, "War begins today"."

Ampersand

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[[MOS:AMP]] — "In normal text and headings, use and instead of the ampersand (&): January 1 and 2, not January 1 & 2. But retain an ampersand when it is a legitimate part of the style of a proper noun, such as in Up & Down or AT&T. Elsewhere, ampersands may be used with consistency and discretion where space is extremely limited (e.g., tables and infoboxes)."

Archive sites

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For most citation templates, archive locations are entered using the |archive-url=, |archive-date= and |url-status= parameters. The primary link is switched to the archive link when |url-status=dead. This retains the original link location for reference.

See WP:DEADREF for more details about using archive sites.

For pre-emptive archiving, set |url-status=live. Later, if the external page goes down, someone can simply put |url-status=dead. The formatting of the reference is adjusted accordingly so the accessible link (the original or the archived version) is made prominent.

Decoding URL when archive.org page doesn't show date of archive:

First eight digits of the timestamp: YYYYMMDDhhmmss: 20190329223116 → 2019-03-29 or 29 March 2019 or March 29, 2019.
—Trappist the monk (talk) 21:49, 9 September 2024 (UTC)
The page the OP cited (and all other Wayback Machine pages I've seen) also includes the archive date, in yellow, near the right of the "capture bar" at the top of the screen. Deor (talk) 22:58, 9 September 2024 (UTC)

Authority control

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  • Template:Authority control
    • {{Authority control}} "... should be placed after the external links section and navigation templates, right before the categories.

Biographies

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Capitalization

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  • Capitalize names of particular institutions (the founding of the University of Delhi;  the history of Stanford University) but not generic words for institutions (the high school is near the university). Wikipedia:Manual of Style#Proper names versus generic terms
  • "... fields of academic or professional study are not capitalized, unless the name derives from a proper name." -- MOS:ISMCAPS (last paragraph in section)

Captions

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Categories

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  • Wikipedia:Categorization
  • Special:Categories
  • [[Category:Radio dramas by year]]
  • Category:Lists of television series by genre
  • Search for intersection of two categories
  • "... an article should be categorised under the most specific branch in the category tree possible, without duplication in parent categories above it." [[WP:PARENTCAT]]
  • "Except for non-diffusing subcategories . . . pages for sub-categories should be categorised under the most specific parent categories possible." -- WP:SUBCAT
  • "Categorization of articles must be verifiable. It should be clear from verifiable information in the article why it was placed in each of its categories." [[WP:CATVER]]

Census

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  • Wikipedia:No original research#Notes, part c: "Further examples of primary sources include archaeological artifacts, census results, (emphasis added) video or transcripts of surveillance, public hearings, investigative reports, trial/litigation in any country (including material – which relates to either the trial or to any of the parties involved in the trial – published/authored by any involved party, before, during or after the trial), editorials, columns, blogs, opinion pieces, or (depending on context) interviews; tabulated results of surveys or questionnaires; original philosophical works; religious scripture; ancient works, even if they cite earlier lost writings; tomb plaques; and artistic and fictional works such as poems, scripts, screenplays, novels, motion pictures, videos and television programs.
  • Also see Wikipedia:Reliable sources/Noticeboard/Archive 149#The United States Census records.

Circa

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Citations

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  • [[MOS:GEOLINK]] "For geographic places specified with the name of the larger territorial unit following a comma, generally do not link the larger unit. For example, avoid [[Buffalo, New York|Buffalo]], [[New York (state)|New York]] ..."

Collective nouns

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"In North American English, these words (and the United States, for historical reasons) are almost invariably treated as singular; ..." Wikipedia:Manual of Style#Plurals

Contacts

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Contractions

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  • [[MOS:CONTRACTIONS]] "Avoid contractions, which have little place in formal writing. For example, write do not instead of don't. Use of o'clock is an exception. Contracted titles such as Dr. and St generally should not be used but may apply in some contexts (e.g., quoted material, place names, titles of works)."

Copy editing

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Date of birth

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"Wikipedia includes full names and dates of birth that have been widely published by reliable sources, or by sources linked to the subject such that it may reasonably be inferred that the subject does not object to the details being made public." [[WP:DOB]]

WP:BLPPRIMARY specifies, ""Do not use trial transcripts and other court records, or other public documents, to support assertions about a living person. Do not use public records that include personal details, such as date of birth, ..."

Dates and numbers

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  • MOS:DATETIES: "Articles on topics with strong ties to a particular English-speaking country should generally use the date format most commonly used in that nation. For the United States this is (for example) July 4, 1976; for most other English-speaking countries it is 4 July 1976."
  • Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers
  • Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers#Dates, months, and years
  • Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers#Ranges: [[MOS:YEARRANGE]] "A simple year–year range is written using an en dash ... not an em dash, hyphen, or slash; this dash is unspaced (that is, with no space on either side); and the range's end year is usually given in full:
    • "Although non-abbreviated years are generally preferred, two-digit ending years (1881–82, but never 1881–882 or 1881–2) may be used in any of the following cases: (1) two consecutive years; (2) infoboxes and tables where space is limited (using a single format consistently in any given table column); ..."
  • Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers#Statements likely to become outdated: "... terms such as now, currently, to date, so far, soon, and recently should usually be avoided ..." Also see Relative time references: [[MOS:REALTIME]] "Absolute specifications of time are preferred to relative constructions using recently, currently, and so on, because the latter may go out of date."
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  • Dead links in citations
  • Wikipedia:Link rot
  • Hi Danstarr69, welcome. There are some instructions at WP:DEADLINK. The short version is: leave |url= as it is. Add |archiveurl=https://archivelinkyoufound.com. Add |archivedate=4 February 2012 (or whatever date the archived version was created). |deadurl= is optional; it just changes which part of the readable citation gets hyperlinked. If there's a [dead link] template next to the ref, that can be removed now you've fixed the issue. › Mortee talk 16:44, 25 August 2018 (UTC) -- from Teahouse
  • how do you fix dead links with wayback machine SpiritGirl809 (talk) 15:28, 6 January 2021 (UTC)
@SpiritGirl809: see also Help:Archiving a source. Basic steps:
  1. Go to Archive.Org
  2. Put the URL in the search box and press enter
  3. Find an archived version of the page that contains the information in the Wikipedia article
  4. If the reference in the Wikipedia article uses {{cite web}} or something similar, put the archive URL under |archive-url= and the date of that archive |archive-date=.
If you can't find an archive or even an updated URL, tag the citation as {{dead link}}. We need to keep it so people know where someone found the information once upon a time. Hope that helped, Rotideypoc41352 (talk · contribs) 16:00, 6 January 2021 (UTC)
@SpiritGirl809: There is also an automated option that works most of the time (and if it doesn't, you can do it manually as outlined above):
Click "View History" on the article, and then you'll find "External tools" at the very top. It lists a few ones, and the last option is "Fix dead links". You can simply click that, and it will prompt you to login at the site (just click login, should be done automatically with your Wikipedia account). There you can "Analyze a page", which will automatically fix all deadlinks in the article it can find. --LordPeterII (talk) 19:56, 6 January 2021 (UTC)--From Teahouse post "wayback machine" 19:56, 6 January 2021 (UTC)

Death sections

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Decades

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Use four digits with s and no apostrophe. [[MOS:DECADE]]

Differentiation lines

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  • {{About|Use1|Use2|Article2}}Template:About This page is about Use1. For Use2, see Article2.

Disambiguation and Redirect pages

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Ellipsis

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  • "Wikipedia's style for an ellipsis is three unspaced dots (...); do not use the precomposed ellipsis character (…) or three dots separated by spaces (. . .)" MOS:ELLIPSIS
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  • [[WP:CS:EMBED]] "Embedded links should never be used to place external links in the content of an article, like this: "Apple, Inc. announced their latest product ..."."

Essays

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Euphemisms

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"The word died is neutral and accurate; avoid euphemisms such as passed away." MOS:EUPHEMISM

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  • [[WP:LINKSTOAVOID]] "Any search results pages, such as links to individual website searches, search engines, search aggregators, or RSS feeds."

From Wikipedia:External links/Perennial websites:

  • Amazon [[WP:AMAZON]]
  • Ancestry.com [[WP:ANCESTRY.COM-EL]]
  • Facebook [[WP:FACEBOOK]]
  • eBay [[WP:EBAY]]
  • Find a Grave [[WP:FINDAGRAVE-EL]]
  • Instagram [[WP:INSTAGRAM]]
  • Linkedin [[WP:LINKEDIN]]
  • Myspace [[WP:MYSPACE-EL]]
  • Twitter [[WP:Twitter-EL]]

Film

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Former

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Help (sources)

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Images

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  • [[MOS:IMAGELOCATION]] "Most images should be on the right side of the page, ..."
  • (From Wikipedia:Media copyright questions August 17, 2016:

    The magazines are wonderful sources of PD material! The example you have is for Radio and Television Mirror in 1941. UPenn has a set of copyright books (original registrations and renewals). Renewals not covered there can be checked at copyright.gov. A check would need to be made for the 27th and 28th years after original publication, as some items were renewed early. I just used the UPenn site to check renewals for periodicals for the years 1968 and 1969; the title Radio and Television Mirror wasn't renewed. Use the license {{PD-US-not renewed}} and include information about the copyright search on the file page. There's a wealth of material in those magazines, so have fun exploring .:) We hope (talk) 14:55, 17 August 2016 (UTC)

  • Wikipedia:Extended image syntax
  • Wikipedia:Public domain image resources Lots of information and links to sites with public domain images
  • [[File:__________|thumb|right|250px|'''caption here''']]
  • [[MOS:SANDWICH]]: ". . . a­void sand­wich­ing text be­tween two im­ages that face each oth­er; or be­tween an im­age and in­fo­box, nav­i­ga­tion tem­plate, or sim­i­lar."

Index

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This index for editors is intended to help find anything not in the encyclopedia itself, including administration pages such as guidelines, policies, essays, informative, discussion and process pages. See about this index for tips on how to use this, and for instructions on maintaining consistency when editing it. See also Reader's index to Wikipedia and Editor's index to Commons.

Infoboxes

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  • Purpose: "... to summarize (and not supplant) key facts that appear in the article ..." [[MOS:INFOBOXPURPOSE]]
    • "Only use those parameters that convey essential or notable information about the subject, and ensure that this information is sourced in the article or (if present only in the infobox) in the infobox itself." -- Template:Infobox person
  • Template:Infobox person
  • Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Infoboxes
    • birth_place: [[Template:Infobox person]] "Omit unnecessary or redundant details. For example, it is not necessary to state: New York City, New York, United States when New York City, U.S. conveys essentially the same information more concisely."
    • death_place: [[Template:Infobox person]] "See |birth_place=, above, for instructions on how to use this parameter ..."
    • Cause of death: "Cause of death. Should be clearly defined and sourced, and should only be included when the cause of death has significance for the subject's notability, e.g. James Dean, John Lennon. It should not be filled in for unremarkable deaths such as those from old age or routine illness ..."
    • Children: "Typically the number of children (e.g., 3); only list names of independently notable or particularly relevant children."
    • Education: Use only as alternative to "Alma mater" and only for colleges and universities. See Template:Infobox person and Wikipedia talk:Manual of Style#Use of "education" and "alma_mater" parameters in infoboxes
    • Height: "If person was notable for their height, or if height is relevant...." (Infobox documentation)
    • Icons: [[MOS:ICONDECORATION]]
    • Marriage: {{marriage |spouse |startyear|endyear|end=}}
    • Music genres: [[Template:Infobox musical artist#genre]] - "Most genres are not proper nouns and should not be capitalized. However, the first word in a list of multiple genres should be capitalized."
    • Nationality: "Most biography infoboxes have nationality and citizenship. Generally, use of either should be avoided when the country to which the subject belongs can be inferred from the country of birth, as specified with |birthplace=." Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Infoboxes#Nationality and citizenship (WP:INFOBOXNTLY) [[WP:INFOBOXNTLY]]
    • Occupation: "Occupation(s) as given in the lead. Use list markup for three or more entries, e.g. with {{flatlist}}. Please observe sentence case and capitalise only the first letter of the first item."
    • Parents: "include only if they are independently notable or particularly relevant"
    • Partner: "If particularly relevant, or if the partner is notable; "partner" here means unmarried life partners in a domestic partnership (of any gender or sexual orientation), ..."
    • Relatives: "Names of siblings or other relatives; include only if independently notable or particularly relevant. Include the relationship in parentheses after the name (sister, uncle, etc.). For multiple entries, use an inline list."
    • Website: Official website only. Unofficial websites should be placed under ==External links== in the body of the article. Use {{URL}} as in {{URL|Example.com}}. Do not display the www. part unless the site requires it.
  • Wikipedia:List of infoboxes
  • Template:Infobox person#Parameters spouse line:

    Name of spouse(s), followed by years of marriage. Use the format Name (married 1950–present) for a current spouse, and Name (married 1970–99) for former spouse(s). Use article title (if linking) or common name. For multiple entries, use an inline list. For deceased persons still married at time of death, close the date range with death year.

Institutions

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Capitalize names of particular institutions (the founding of the University of Delhi;  the history of Stanford University) but not generic words for institutions (the high school is near the university). Do not capitalize the at the start of an institution's name, regardless of the institution's preferred style. From: Wikipedia:Manual of Style#Proper names versus generic terms

Job titles

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Lowercase job titles when used generically: Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Biography#Positions, offices, and occupational titles.

Titles of people

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Main page: Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Biography § Titles of people

  • In generic use, apply lower case to words such as president, king, and emperor (De Gaulle was a French president; Louis XVI was a French king; Three prime ministers attended the conference).
  • Directly juxtaposed with the person's name, such words begin with a capital letter (President Obama, not president Obama). Standard or commonly used names of an office are treated as proper names (David Cameron was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom; Hirohito was Emperor of Japan; Louis XVI was King of France). Royal styles are capitalized (Her Majesty; His Highness); exceptions may apply for particular offices.
From:Wikipedia:Manual of Style#Titles of people

Jr. and Sr.

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"Omission of the comma before Jr. or Sr. (or variations such as Jnr) is preferred." Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Biography#Generational and regnal suffixes

Lead

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  • "Birth and death places, if known, should be mentioned in the body of the article, and can appear in the lead if relevant to notability, but not in the opening brackets alongside the birth and death dates." -- Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Biography#Birth date and place [[MOS:BIRTHPLACE]] (Note a)
  • British/English/Welsh/Scottish - "There is no preference between describing a person as British rather than as English, Scottish, or Welsh. Decisions on which label to use should be determined through discussions and consensus. The label must not be changed arbitrarily. To come to a consensus, editors should consider how reliable sources refer to the subject, particularly UK reliable sources, and consider whether the subject has a preference on which nationality they identify by."
  • "Ethnicity, religion, or sexuality should generally not be in the lead unless it is relevant to the subject's notability. Similarly, previous nationalities or the place of birth should not be mentioned in the lead unless they are relevant to the subject's notability." -- [[MOS:ETHNICITY]]
  • "Wherever possible, avoid defining a notable person, particularly in the title or first sentence, in terms of their relationships. Generally speaking, notability is not inherited, which means the fact that a person is the spouse of another notable person does not make that person notable." -- Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Biography#Context MOS:ROLEBIO
  • "However, avoid overloading the lead paragraph with various and sundry roles; instead, emphasize what made the person notable. Incidental and non-noteworthy roles (i.e. activities that are not integral to the person's notability) should usually not be mentioned in the lead paragraph." -- MOS:ROLEBIO

Guidelines for content of lead: Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lead section#Content

Life spans

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Linking

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This generally includes major examples of: geographic features (e.g., the Himalayas, Pacific Ocean, South America), locations (e.g., Berlin; New York City, or just New York if the city context is already clear; London, if the context rules out London, Ontario; Japan, Brazil, Southeast Asia), languages (e.g., English, Arabic, Korean, Spanish), nationalities and ethnicities (e.g., English, British, Chinese, Turkish, African-American, Hispanic), and religions (e.g., Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism) [[MOS:OVERLINK]]
      • An overlinked article contains an excessive number of links, making it difficult to identify links likely to aid the reader's understanding significantly.[1] A 2015 study of log data found that "in the English Wikipedia, of all the 800,000 links added ... in February 2015, the majority (66%) were not clicked even a single time in March 2015, and among the rest, most links were clicked only very rarely", and that "simply adding more links does not increase the overall number of clicks taken from a page. Instead, links compete with each other for user attention."[2]

A good question to ask yourself is whether reading the article you're about to link to would help someone understand the article you are linking from. Unless a term is particularly relevant to the context in the article, the following are usually not linked:

  • Everyday words understood by most readers in context (e.g., education, violence, aircraft, river)
  • Common occupations (e.g., accountant, politician, actor)
  • The names of subjects with which most readers will be at least somewhat familiar. This generally includes major examples of:
    • countries (e.g., Japan/Japanese, Brazil/Brazilian)
    • geographic features (e.g., the Himalayas, Pacific Ocean, South America)
    • locations (e.g., Berlin; New York City, or just New York if the city context is already clear; London, if the context rules out London, Ontario; Southeast Asia)
    • languages (e.g., English, Arabic, Korean, Spanish)
    • nationalities and ethnicities (e.g., English, British, Chinese, Turkish, African-American, Hispanic)
    • religions (e.g., Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism)
However, try to be conscious of your own demographic biases – what is well known in your age group, line of work, or country may be less known in others.
  • Common units of measurement, e.g. units relating to time, temperature, length, area, or volume. If both non-metric and metric equivalents are provided, as in 5 centimetres (2.0 in), usually neither unit needs to be linked, because almost all readers will understand at least one of the units.
  • City, state links: [[MOS:GEOLINK]] "For geographic places specified with the name of the larger territorial unit following a comma, generally do not link the larger unit. For example, avoid [[Buffalo, New York|Buffalo]], [[New York (state)|New York]] ..."
  • Dates: [[WP:DATELINK]] "Month-and-day articles (e.g. February 24 and 10 July) and year articles (e.g. 1795, 1955, 2007) should not be linked unless the linked date or year has a significant connection to the subject of the linking article, beyond that of the date itself, so that the linking enhances the reader's understanding of the subject."
  • Disambiguation pages, such as the Elsa page, should not be linked from articles unless the link is purposeful in a hatnote. Link instead to an appropriate choice on the disambiguation page. If necessary, the new link can be piped, such as in [[Elsa (Frozen)|Elsa]], which appears as Elsa and links to the article about the fictional character. Readers should not be directed to disambiguation pages unless there is no other option but to do so.

Do not link to pages that redirect back to the page the link is on (unless the link is to a redirect with possibilities that links to an appropriate section of the current article).

The function of links is to clarify, not emphasize; do not create links to draw attention to certain words or ideas, or as a mark of respect.

Lists

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Names

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While the article title should generally be the name by which the subject is most commonly known, the subject's full name, if known, should be given in the lead sentence (including middle names, if known, or middle initials). Many cultures have a tradition of not using the full name of a person in everyday reference, but the article should start with the complete version. For example:

    • (from Fidel Castro) Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz (August 13, 1926 – November 25, 2016) ...
    • (from Tina Fey) Elizabeth Stamatina "Tina" Fey (/feɪ/; born May 18, 1970) ...
  • Some practical examples:
    • Lucy Washington (née Payne; c. 1772 – 1846) was the sister of Dolly Madison ...
    • John Anthony White (né Gillis; born July 9, 1975) is an American musician, singer, songwriter ...
    • Barbara Flynn (born Barbara Joy McMurray; 5 August 1948) is an English actress ...
    • Marion Worth (born Mary Ann Ward; July 4, 1930 – December 19, 1999) was an American country music singer ...
  • If a person has a common English-language hypocorism (diminutive or abbreviation) used in lieu of a given name, it is not presented between quotation marks or parentheses within or after their name. [[MOS:NICKNAME]]

Example:

Note: "The lead does not count for initial mention." (WP Help: "Application of "Subsequent use" style guideline for people's names" Jan. 14, 2020

Fred Smith was a Cubist painter in the early 20th century. He moved to Genoa, where he met singer Gianna Doe. Smith and Doe later married.

Names of family members

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  • [[WP:BLPNAME]] "However, names of family members who are not also notable public figures must be removed from an article if they are not properly sourced."

Naming conventions

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Nationality

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MOS:NATIONALITY - "Ethnicity, religion, or sexuality should generally not be in the lead unless relevant to the subject's notability. Similarly, neither previous nationalities nor the country of birth should be mentioned in the lead unless relevant to the subject's notability."

Newspapers.com

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Citing articles that are on more than one page

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  • Wikipedia:Newspapers.com#Citations across multiple pages/clippings

Its often the case that newspaper articles will be split between multiple pages, requiring multiple clippings. In that case, the citation can be formatted to link to the clippings of each page.

<ref>{{cite news |last1= |first1= |title=headline |url=startpageurl |work= |date= |pages=[1stpageurl 1stpageno], [2ndpageurl 2ndpageno] |accessdate= |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>

Example: :<ref>{{cite news |last1=Miles |first1=Marvin |last2=Abramson |first2=Rudy |title=Armstrong Beams His Words to Earth After Testing Surface |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/56035464/the-los-angeles-times/ |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=July 21, 1969 |pages=[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/56035464/the-los-angeles-times/ 1], [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/56035546/the-los-angeles-times/ 10] |accessdate=July 25, 2020 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>

  • Miles, Marvin; Abramson, Rudy (July 21, 1969). "Armstrong Beams His Words to Earth After Testing Surface". Los Angeles Times. pp. 1, 10. Retrieved July 25, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.

Bookmarklet for clippings

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See here for details about the bookmarklet that Nick Number created. Tl;dr: create a bookmark and paste the following code in the URL field:

javascript:var url = window.location.toString();var newurl = url.replace('www-newspapers-com.wikipedialibrary.idm.oclc.org', 'www.newspapers.com');var newurl = newurl.replace('access-newspaperarchive-com.wikipedialibrary.idm.oclc.org', 'newspaperarchive.com');window.location = newurl;
When you have a clipped article open, click on the bookmark and it will convert the long URL to the shorter URL (which doesn't give the error message). Pi.1415926535 (talk) 00:07, 30 June 2024 (UTC)

Access through WP Library

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Wikipedia talk:The Wikipedia Library#I need some help with my Newspapers.com account...

@Teblick @Cxbrx: I was able to access my page while logged in by replacing newspage in the url with image. For example, if I access https://www-newspapers-com.wikipedialibrary.idm.oclc.org/newspage/436990449/, I run into a paywall, but https://www-newspapers-com.wikipedialibrary.idm.oclc.org/image/436990449/ works fine. Yeeno (talk) 03:45, 4 January 2024 (UTC)
—From Wikipedia talk:Newspapers.com#Publisher Extra no longer available

Issue converting clipping to citation

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Wikipedia talk:Newspapers.com#issue converting clipping to citation

Using the "Clipping" function

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Both Newspapers.com and The Wikipedia Library would prefer that articles citing Newspapers.com link to clippings. Clippings allow Newspapers.com subscriber-editors to identify particular articles, extract them from the original full sheet newspaper and share them through unique URLs. Thus readers who click on a Newspapers.com Clipping link will be able to access that particular article, and the full page of the paper if they come from the clipping, without needing to subscribe to Newspapers.com. Clippings can be deleted by the user who created the clipping, but otherwise remain permanently open access, even when user accounts expire. For more information about how to use clippings, follow this link.

Or, follow these instructions to create an account on newspapers.com.

  1. Go to WP:LIBRARY
  2. Log in
  3. Go to the newspapers.com site
  4. Find an article,
  5. Click on the "Clip" link at the upper right.
  6. A window titled "Register with Newspapers.com™ to create a clipping" will appear and the choices are
    1. "Register with email",
    2. "Continue with Ancestry",:
    3. "Continue with Facebook".
  7. Select "Register with email", You should be able to register and create an account on newspapers.com and save clippings. Be aware that clipped articles will be associated with you newspapers.com username and that it might then be fairly easy to connect your newspapers.com username to your WP username. To avoid this, create a separate email account

After you have a newspapers.com account, you would click on the link at the bottom "Already have a Newspapers.com™ account? Sign In".

If you have problems, try clearing your cookies associated with oclc.org or try a different browser. Also, see Wikipedia_talk:Newspapers.com#issue_converting_clipping_to_citation, T332685 and T322916.

Wikidata

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Let's say you are looking at The Age on Newspapers.com. You'll be looking at this page, right? Then go to the URL and copy the numerical part of the URL, here 3673. Then you can go to Wikidata here or on whichever page and in the searchbar type 'The Age'. Among the results, find the one item that is the correct one for the newspaper, which is this one. Here comes the actual storing of data. Go down the page and click on one of the 'add statement' buttons. In the left field, type 'Newspapers.com ID' and in the right one, our stored number, 3673. Once published, Wikidata will know that in order to find The Age on Newspapers.com you need that specific number, which will be very helpful in the future. Then you can start again with another newspaper. Eventually, all the titles present in Newspapers.com should be covered. Some of them might be about newspapers not yet covered in Wikidata, which is a bit more complicated and needs one to create a dedicated item here first. Thierry Caro (talk) 14:32, 18 October 2019 (UTC)

@Thierry Caro: Thanks for the very clear explanation. You might want to contact the folks at Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library (if you haven't already!), so they can get the message out in a more generalized way. Leschnei (talk) 14:58, 18 October 2019 (UTC)

--From Wikipedia talk:Newspapers.com#Newspapers.com ID (P7259)

Notability

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"Notably"

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"The use of adverbs such as notably and interestingly, and phrases such as it should be noted, to highlight something as particularly significant or certain without attributing that opinion should usually be avoided so as to maintain an impartial tone." [[MOS:EDITORIAL]]

Notes

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In text use <ref group=note>''Explanatory text goes here.''</ref>'''. Put the following above References section heading:

==Notes== {{reflist|group=note}}

Numbers

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  • Wikipedia:Manual of Style#Numbers
  • Mixed numbers are usually given in figures, unspaced (not Fellini's film 8 1⁄2 or 8-1⁄2 but Fellini's film 8+1⁄2 – markup: {{frac|8|1|2}}). In any case the integer and fractional parts should be consistent (not nine and 1⁄2). -- from Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers#Fractions and ratios

Onus

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WP:ONUS:

While information must be verifiable for inclusion in an article, not all verifiable information must be included. Consensus may determine that certain information does not improve an article. Such information should be omitted or presented instead in a different article. The responsibility for achieving consensus for inclusion is on those seeking to include disputed content.

Opinion

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  • Opinionated wording: [[MOS:EDITORIAL]] "The use of adverbs such as notably and interestingly, and phrases such as it should be noted, to highlight something as particularly significant or certain without attributing that opinion should usually be avoided so as to maintain an impartial tone."

Order of elements

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  1. Before the lead section
    1. Short description[3]
    2. Hatnotes[4]
    3. Deletion / protection tags (CSD, PROD, AFD, PP notices)
    4. Maintenance / dispute tags
    5. English variety and date style[5]
    6. Infoboxes
    7. Language maintenance templates
    8. Images
    9. Navigation header templates (sidebar templates)
  2. Body
    1. Lead section (also called the introduction)
    2. Table of contents
    3. Content
  3. Appendices[6]
    1. Works or publications (for biographies only)
    2. See also
    3. Notes and references (this can be two sections in some citation systems)
    4. Further reading
    5. External links[7]
  4. End matter
    1. Succession boxes and geography boxes
    2. Other navigation footer templates (navboxes)[8] (navbars above {{Portal bar}})
    3. Authority control templates (taxonbar above Authority control)
    4. Geographical coordinates (if not in Infobox) or {{coord missing}}
    5. {{Featured list}}, {{Featured article}} and {{Good article}} (where appropriate for article status)
    6. Defaultsort
    7. Categories[9]
    8. Stub templates

PDF

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To link to a specific page in a PDF file, add #page=___ after "pdf" in the URL in the citation.

Portals

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Possessives

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"For the possessive of singular nouns, including proper names and words ending in s, add 's (my daughter's achievement, my niece's wedding, Cortez's men, the boss's office, Illinois's largest employer, Descartes's philosophy, Verreaux's eagle). Exception: abstract nouns ending with an /s/ sound, when followed by sake (for goodness' sake, for his conscience' sake). If a name ending in s or z would be difficult to pronounce with 's added (Jesus's teachings), consider rewording (the teachings of Jesus)." [[MOS:POSS]]

Projects

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Biography

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Wikipedia:WikiProject Biography -- {{WikiProject Biography | living= | class= | listas= }}

  • the arts and entertainment work group: a&e-work-group = yes
  • WikiProject Actors and Filmmakers : filmbio-work-group= yes
  • WikiProject Musicians : musician-work-group = yes
  • WikiProject Peerage and Baronetage: peerage-work-group = yes
  • the politics and government work group: politician-work-group = yes
  • WikiProject Royalty and Nobility: royalty-work-group = yes
  • the science and academia work group: s&a-work-group=yes
  • the sports and games work group: sports-work-group = yes

Others

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  • {{WikiProject Athletics |class= |importance= }}
  • {{WikiProject Business |class= |importance= }}
  • {{WikiProject Christianity|class= |importance= }}
  • Wikipedia:WikiProject Comedy
  • {{WikiProject Country Music |class= |importance= |attention= |small= }}
  • {{WikiProject Economics |class= |importance=}}
  • {{WikiProject Education|class=|importance=}}
  • {{WikiProject Jazz |class= |importance= |album= |song= }}
  • {{WikiProject Dance |class= |importance= |listas= }}
  • {{WikiProject Journalism|class=|importance=}}
  • {{WikiProject Politics |class = |importance = }}
  • {{WikiProject Pop music |class= |importance= }}
  • {{WikiProject Soap Operas |class= |small= |auto= }}
  • {{WikiProject Television | class= | priority= }}
  • {{WikiProject Theatre |class = |importance = |attention = }}
  • {{WikiProject Women|class=|needs-infobox=|needs-photo=|listas=|small=}}
  • {{WikiProject Women in music |class= |importance= }}
  • {{WikiProject Women's History|class=|importance=}}
  • {{WikiProject Women's sport}}
  • Wikipedia:WikiProject Women writers
    • {{WikiProject Women writers |class= |importance= |classical= |needs-infobox= |needs-photo= |listas= }}

Puffery

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Words to watch

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  • acclaimed
  • award-winning
  • best
  • brilliant
  • celebrated
  • cutting-edge
  • extraordinary
  • famous
  • great
  • hit
  • honorable
  • iconic
  • innovative
  • landmark
  • leading
  • legendary
  • notable
  • outstanding
  • phenomenal
  • pioneering
  • prestigious
  • remarkable
  • renowned
  • respected
  • unique
  • virtuoso
  • visionary
  • world-class
--

Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch#Puffery

Unsupported attributions

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  • some people say
  • many scholars state
  • it is believed / regarded / considered
  • many are of the opinion
  • most feel
  • experts declare
  • it is often reported
  • it is widely thought
  • research has shown
  • science says
  • scientists claim
  • it is often said ...

--Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch#Unsupported attributions

Ratings of articles

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Reliable sources

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Wikipedia:Reliable sources

WP:CIRCULAR

Request move

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Relative time

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  • [[MOS:RELTIME]] "Absolute specifications of time are preferred to relative constructions using recently, currently, and so on, because the latter may go out of date."

Resources

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Sandbox

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You can create new subpages for your sandbox by:

  1. Clicking on your sandbox, so that your address bar at the top of your screen says: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Nolabob/sandbox.
  2. Add a "/" and the article name on the end of the address, so that, it looks like: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Nolabob/sandbox/Article_Name_Here.
  3. Hit Enter. You will be taken to screen that says: Wikipedia does not have a user page with this exact name.
  4. Click the option to: Start the User:Nolabob/sandbox/Article_Name_Here page.

(From Teahouse Dec. 29, 2016)

Scripts

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Searches

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Short descriptions

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  • [[WP:SDDATES]] "The inclusion of a date or date range is encouraged where it would improve the short description as a disambiguation, or enhance it as a descriptive annotation. Generally that is the case at least for biographies ..."
  • [[WP:SDDATES]] "Care should be taken when the biographies of living persons (BLP) policy applies: birthdates for living people should not be included unless sourced within the article."
  • Template:Short description for details.
  • Wikipedia:Shortdesc helper gadget

Slash

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  • "Generally, avoid joining two words with a slash ..." [[MOS:SLASH]]

Soap operas

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Sources

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  • Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources/Perennial sources
  • An article about a person: The person's autobiography, own website, or a page about the person on an employer's or publisher's website, is an acceptable (although possibly incomplete) primary‡ source for information about what the person says about himself or herself. Such primary sources can normally be used for non-controversial facts about the person and for clearly attributed controversial statements. Many other primary sources, including birth certificates, the Social Security Death Index, and court documents, are usually not acceptable primary sources, because it is impossible for the viewer to know whether the person listed on the document is the notable subject rather than another person who happens to have the same name.
--from Wikipedia:Identifying and using primary sources#Primary sources should be used carefully

Stub articles

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{{US-southern-gospel-stub}}

  • Category:Stub categories

Style

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Manual of Style (MoS)
Content
Formatting
Images
Layout
Lists
By topic area
Legal
Arts
Music
History
Regional
Religion
Science
Sports
Related guidelines
  • Wikipedia:Manual of Style
  • Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Biography
  • Wikipedia:Manual of Style#Quotations in italics Don't use italics for quotations. Instead, use quotation marks for short quotations and block quoting for long ones.
  • Wikipedia:Simplified Manual of Style
  • MOS:TENSE Use present tense to refer to OTR and old TV programs. Also MOS:TVNOW
  • WP:MOSQUOTE#Attribution How to attribute quotations in text.
  • Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Capital letters#Titles of people
    • Apply lower case to titles when used to describe a position, such as: (de Gaulle was a French president; Louis XVI was a French king; Three prime ministers attended the conference).
    • When preceding a person's name as a title, begin such words with a capital letter (President Lincoln, not president Lincoln). ...
  • Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers#Strong national ties to a topic
  • Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers#Formats Use a comma after the year in a date unless followed by other punctuation.
  • Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Television for TV-related articles
  • Wikipedia:Naming conventions (geographic names)#United_States Don't use "U.S." after city and state.
  • Wikipedia:Manual of Style#Singular nouns: For the possessive of singular nouns, including proper names and words ending with an s, add 's ...
  • Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers#Times of day

    • Templates

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    Tools

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    TV shows

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    US, not USA

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    [[MOS:US]] Use "US" or "U.S." -- not "USA" or "U.S.A."

    User pages

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    Verifiability

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    Wikipedia:Verifiability#Responsibility for providing citations: "All content must be verifiable. The burden to demonstrate verifiability lies with the editor who adds or restores material, and it is satisfied by providing an inline citation to a reliable source ..."

    See Wikipedia:Verifiability for more.

    Wikidata

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    Advice from talk page of ColinFine:

    You have to get to the Wikidata page, and add the article into that. An easy way to get to Wikidata is to go to an existing Wikipedia article and pick the "Wikidata Item" if there is one - if not, look for another article. Once you're in Wikidata, you can search for the subject.

    More cunningly, if there is an existing article about something closely associated with the topic of the new article, and you go to the Wikidata item corresponding to that, there may happen to be a link within that Wikidata item to the one you want to link. For example, suppose you had just written an article about George Aislabie, father of John Aislabie, and you wanted to link that to the corresponding Wikidata item, you could go to John Aislabie, pick the "Wikidata Item" link which would take you to d:Q6218368. Half way down that you will see a link "father" which takes you to d:Q41980796, a Wikidata item for his father George. You could edit the section labelled "Wikipedia" to add a link to the new article in English Wikipedia. (Of course, often if you are working on a new article, there won't yet be a Wikidata item, but in this case there is one even though it is not yet linked to articles in any other project.)
    Do be careful though to make sure that the scope of the Wikidata item and the Wikipedia article are the same, or you'll create exactly the problem we had with Mask and Wig. --ColinFine (talk) 23:16, 22 June 2019 (UTC)
    [edit]

    Copy the link to archive.org and find the archived page. Then add the archive-url and archive-date to the article. More info at Help:Archiving a source. – Jonesey95 (talk) 00:39, 16 September 2021 (UTC)

    Other

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    References

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    1. ^ Dvorak, John C. (April 16, 2002). "Missing Links". PC Magazine. Retrieved September 16, 2015.
    2. ^ Ashwin Paranjape, Bob West, Jure Leskovec, Leila Zia: Improving Website Hyperlink Structure Using Server Logs. WSDM’16, February 22–25, 2016, San Francisco, CA, USA. PDF
    3. ^ Discussed in 2018 and 2019.
    4. ^ Wikipedia:Hatnote § Placement.
    5. ^ These templates can also be placed at the end of an article. The matter was discussed in 2012, 2015 and 2014.
    6. ^ This sequence has been in place since at least December 2003 (when "See also" was called "Related topics"). See, for example, Wikipedia:Perennial proposals § Changes to standard appendices. The original rationale for this ordering is that, with the exception of "Works", sections which contain material outside Wikipedia (including "Further reading" and "External links") should come after sections that contain Wikipedia material (including "See also") to help keep the distinction clear. The sections containing notes and references often contain both kinds of material and, consequently, appear after the "See also" section (if any) and before the "Further reading" section (if any). Whatever the validity of the original rationale, there is now the additional factor that readers have come to expect the appendices to appear in this order.
    7. ^ There are several reasons why this section should appear as the last appendix section. So many articles have the "External links" section at the end that many people expect that. Some "External links" and "References" (or "Footnotes", etc.) sections are quite long, and when the name of the section is not visible on the screen, it could cause problems if someone meant to delete an external link, and deleted a reference citation instead. Keeping the "External links" last is also helpful to editors who patrol external links.
    8. ^ Rationale for placing navboxes at the end of the article.
    9. ^ While categories are entered on the editing page ahead of stub templates, they appear on the visual page in a separate box after the stub templates. One of the reasons this happens is that every stub template generates a stub category, and those stub categories appear after the "main" categories. Another is that certain bots and scripts are set up to expect the categories, stubs and interlanguage links to appear in that order, and will reposition them if they don't. Therefore, any manual attempt to change the order is futile unless the bots and scripts are also altered.
    Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Teblick/Wikipedia_Resources&oldid=1245103640"