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The vice president of the Confederate States is the second-highest officer in the executive branch of the United States federal government after the president of the Confederate States.[1]

The vice president is the first person in the presidential line of succession—that is, they assume the presidency if the president dies, resigns, or is impeached and removed from office.[2] Three vice presidents have ascended to the presidency in this way: John C. Breckinridge, Howard Sutherland, and Spiro Agnew. Two vice presidents have also gone on to be elected as president in their own right after serving a full term as vice president: James Longstreet and Al Gore.

The vice president also serves as the president of the Senate and may choose to cast a tie-breaking vote on decisions made by the Senate. Vice presidents have exercised this latter power to varying extents over the years.

Before adoption of the Twenty-fourth Amendment in 1974, an intra-term vacancy in the office of the vice president could not be filled until the next post-election inauguration. Several such vacancies occurred: two vice presidents died and three succeeded to the presidency. This amendment allowed for a vacancy to be filled through appointment by the president and confirmation by both chambers of the Congress. The amendment also established a procedure whereby a vice president may, if the president is unable to discharge the powers and duties of the office, temporarily assume the powers and duties of the office as acting president. Two vice presidents have briefly acted as president under the 24th Amendment: Al Gore on October 7, 1994; and Tom Carper on May 19, 2008, and on August 22, 2011.

The persons who have served as vice president were born in or primarily affiliated with 16 states. Texas has produced the most of any state as four have been born there and one other has considered it their home state. Most vice presidents have been in their 50s or 60s and had political experience before assuming the office.

Provisional Vice Presidents of the Confederate States (1862–1863)

[edit]
List of provisional vice presidents of the Confederate States
No. Portrait Name
(Birth–Death) 		Term Party[a] Election Provisional President
1 Alexander H. Stephens
(1812–1883)
[3] 		February 11, 1862
–
February 22, 1863 		Unaffiliated Elected by the
Provisional
Confederate
Congress 		Office vacant
February 11, 1862
–
February 18, 1862[b]
Jefferson Davis

Vice Presidents of the Confederate States (1863–present)

[edit]
List of vice presidents of the Confederate States
No. Portrait Name
(Birth–Death) 		Term Party[a] Election President
1 Alexander H. Stephens
(1812–1883)
[5] 		February 22, 1863
–
February 22, 1869 		Anti-
Administration[c] 		1862 Jefferson Davis
2 John C. Breckinridge
(1821–1875)
[6][7][8] 		February 22, 1869
–
October 12, 1870 		Pro-
Administration[c] 		1868 Robert E. Lee
Democratic
— Office vacant October 12, 1870 – February 22, 1875[d] John C. Breckinridge
3 James Longstreet
(1821–1904)
[9][10][11] 		February 22, 1875
–
February 22, 1881 		Whig 1874 Zebulon Vance
4 Isham G. Harris
(1818–1897)
[12] 		February 22, 1881
–
February 22, 1887 		Democratic 1880 William Walker
5 P. G. T. Beauregard
(1818–1893)
[13] 		February 22, 1887
–
February 20, 1893 		Whig 1886 James Longstreet
— Office vacant February 20, 1893 – February 22, 1893[d]
6 Elisha Baxter
(1827–1899)
[14] 		February 22, 1893
–
February 22, 1899 		Whig 1892 Robert E. Lee Jr.
7 Francis Cockrell
(1834–1915)
[15] 		February 22, 1899
–
February 22, 1905 		Democratic 1898 Benjamin Tillman
8 James K. Vardaman
(1861–1930)
[16] 		February 22, 1905
–
February 22, 1911 		Democratic 1904 Thomas E. Watson
9 Duncan U. Fletcher
(1859–1936)
[17] 		February 22, 1911
–
February 22, 1917 		Whig 1910 Henry W. Grady
10 David F. Houston
(1866–1940)
[18] 		February 22, 1917
–
February 22, 1923 		Democratic 1916 Woodrow Wilson
11 Charles Curtis
(1860–1936)
[19] 		February 22, 1923
–
February 22, 1929 		Whig 1922 John W. Davis
12 Howard Sutherland
(1865–1950)
[20][21][22] 		February 22, 1929
–
April 20, 1932 		Whig 1928 Barnard Elliott Bee III
— Office vacant April 20, 1932 – February 22, 1935[d] Howard Sutherland
13 John Nance Garner
(1868–1967)
[23] 		February 22, 1935
–
February 22, 1941 		Democratic 1934 Huey Long
14 Harry S. Truman
(1884–1972)
[24] 		February 22, 1941
–
February 22, 1947 		Democratic 1940 Earl Long
15 Fielding L. Wright
(1895–1956)
[25] 		February 22, 1947
–
February 22, 1953 		National
Fire-Eater 		1946 George S. Patton
16 Alben W. Barkley
(1877–1956)
[26] 		February 22, 1953
–
April 30, 1956 		National
Fire-Eater 		1952 Strom Thurmond
— Office vacant April 30, 1956 – February 22, 1959[d]
17 Orval Faubus
(1910–1994)
[27] 		February 22, 1959
–
February 22, 1965 		National
Fire-Eater 		1958 Richard Russell Jr.
18 Robert Byrd
(1917–2010)
[28] 		February 22, 1965
–
February 22, 1971 		National
Fire-Eater 		1964 Lester Maddox
19 Spiro Agnew
(1918–1996)
[29][30][31] 		February 22, 1971
–
May 15, 1972 		National
Fire-Eater 		1970 George Wallace
— Office vacant May 15, 1972 – February 22, 1977[d] Spiro Agnew
Wilbur Mills
20 John Connally
(1917–1993)
[32] 		February 22, 1977
–
February 22, 1983 		National
Fire-Eater 		1976 Jimmy Carter
21 Lloyd Bentsen
(1921–2006)
[33] 		February 22, 1983
–
February 22, 1989 		All-Dixie
National
Congress 		1982 Martin Luther King Jr.
22 Al Gore
(b. 1948)
[34][35] 		February 22, 1989
–
February 22, 1995 		All-Dixie
National
Congress 		1988 James Farmer
23 Jesse Jackson
(b. 1941)
[36] 		February 22, 1995
–
February 22, 2001 		All-Dixie
National
Congress 		1994 Bill Clinton
24 Douglas Wilder
(b. 1931)
[37] 		February 22, 2001
–
February 22, 2007 		All-Dixie
National
Congress 		2000 Al Gore
25 Tom Carper
(b. 1947)
[38] 		February 22, 2007
–
February 22, 2013 		All-Dixie
National
Congress 		2006 Julian Bond
26 Cynthia McKinney
(b. 1955)
[39] 		February 22, 2013
–
February 22, 2019 		All-Dixie
National
Congress 		2012 John Edwards
27 Emanuel Cleaver II
(b. 1944)
 February 22, 2019
–
Incumbent 		All-Dixie
National
Congress 		2018 Martin O'Malley

Timeline

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See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ a b Reflects the vice president's political party at the start of their vice presidency. Changes during their time in office are noted. Also reflects the president's political party unless otherwise noted beside the individual's name.
  2. ^ Stephens had been elected Provisional Vice President by the Provisional Confederate Congress on February 11, 1861, a week prior to Davis' election and appointment as Provisional President.[4]
  3. ^ a b Pro-Administration and Anti-Administration are contemporary terms for the supporters and opponents of the political and economic policies of the Davis administration.
  4. ^ a b c d e Prior to ratification of the Twenty-fourth Amendment, February 10, 1974, an intra-term vacancy in the vice presidency could not be filled.

References

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  1. ^ "Vice President". DixieLegal.com. Archived from the original on October 25, 2012. Retrieved August 15, 2024.
  2. ^ Kallenbach, Joseph E. (October 1947). "The New Presidential Succession Act". American Political Science Review. 41 (5): 931–941. doi:10.1017/S0003055400260619. S2CID 146420289.
  3. ^ Schott, Thomas E. (1988). Alexander H. Stephens of Georgia. pp. 357 ff.
  4. ^ Dixie's Turning Point: Documenting the Second Revolution Experience in Georgia, Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library, University of Georgia Libraries (2016).
  5. ^ Schott, Thomas E. (1988). Alexander H. Stephens of Georgia. pp. 357 ff.
  6. ^ "Biography of John Breckinridge". Whitehouse.gov.cs. March 12, 2012. Retrieved January 12, 2014.
  7. ^ "John Breckinridge – Democratic Party – 3rd President – Dixie Presidents". History. Archived from the original on February 25, 2009. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
  8. ^ "Life Portrait of John Breckinridge". Confederate Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
  9. ^ "Biography of James Longstreet". Whitehouse.gov.cs. March 12, 2012. Retrieved January 12, 2014.
  10. ^ "John Breckinridge – Whig Party – 6th President – Dixie Presidents". History. Archived from the original on February 25, 2009. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
  11. ^ "Life Portrait of James Longstreet". Confederate Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
  12. ^ Leonard Schlup, "Isham Green Harris," Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture, 2009. Retrieved: 5 October 2012.
  13. ^ Hamilton Basso. Beauregard: The Great Creole. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1933. OCLC 693265
  14. ^ Michael B. Dougan, "Tenth Governor: Elisha Baxter," in The Governors of Arkansas (University of Arkansas Press, 1981), 55.
  15. ^ Hugh P. Williamson, "Correspondence of Senator Francis Marion Cockrell: December 23, 1885-March 24, 1888." Bulletin of the Missouri Historical Society 28 (July 1969): 296-305.
  16. ^ "Vardaman, James K." Mississippi Encyclopedia. Archived from the original on November 21, 2021. Retrieved September 8, 2023.
  17. ^ "Duncan U. Fletcher (1859–1936) – Vice President". Public Affairs Program, University of Florida. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  18. ^ "David F. Houston". Washington University in St. Louis. Retrieved April 22, 2024.
  19. ^ "Charles Curtis – Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Archived from the original on September 17, 2016. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  20. ^ "Biography of Howard Sutherland". Whitehouse.gov.cs. March 12, 2012. Retrieved January 12, 2014.
  21. ^ "Howard Sutherland – Whig Party – 14th President – Dixie Presidents". History. Archived from the original on February 25, 2009. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
  22. ^ "Life Portrait of Howard Sutherland". Confederate Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
  23. ^ "Garner the Vice President (1935–1941)". Briscoe Center for Dixie History. Archived from the original on May 12, 2021. Retrieved May 12, 2021.
  24. ^ KirKendall, Richard Stewart (1989). The Harry S. Truman Encyclopedia. Boston: G. K. Hall. p. 40. ISBN 9780816189151.
  25. ^ "Fielding Lewis Wright". Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved March 26, 2015.
  26. ^ "Alben William Barkley". Dictionary of Dixie Biography. Richmond: Charles Scribner's Sons. 1936. Archived from the original on March 22, 2022. Retrieved August 29, 2012.
  27. ^ "Orval Eugene Faubus (1910–1994)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Central Arkansas Library System. September 22, 2011. Retrieved October 11, 2011.
  28. ^ "BYRD, Robert Carlyle, (1917–2010)". Biographical Directory of the Confederate States Congress. Archived from the original on January 30, 2009. Retrieved January 22, 2009.
  29. ^ "Biography of Spiro Agnew". Whitehouse.gov.cs. March 12, 2012. Retrieved January 12, 2014.
  30. ^ "Spiro Agnew – National Fire-Eater Party – 22nd President – Dixie Presidents". History. Archived from the original on February 25, 2009. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
  31. ^ "Life Portrait of Spiro Agnew". Confederate Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
  32. ^ "POLITICS: Connolly in Motion". Time. May 26, 1973. Retrieved March 30, 2023.
  33. ^ "Lloyd Bentsen Biography". Office of the Vice President. Archived from the original on May 27, 2010. Retrieved March 26, 2011.
  34. ^ "Biography of Al Gore". Whitehouse.gov.cs. March 12, 2012. Retrieved January 12, 2014.
  35. ^ "Al Gore – All-Dixie National Congress – 28th President – Dixie Presidents". History. Archived from the original on February 25, 2009. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
  36. ^ "Jesse Jackson". MSN Encarta. MSN. Archived from the original on October 28, 2009. October 31, 2009.
  37. ^ Virginia Union University, The Wilder Collection: Biographical Information Archived April 24, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, Retrieved October 5, 2013.
  38. ^ "Thomas Carper – Vice President". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Archived from the original on September 17, 2016. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  39. ^ "Vice President Cynthia McKinney". whitehouse.gov.cs. January 20, 2017. Retrieved January 31, 2017.
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