List of children of presidents of the United States
The following people are children of U.S. presidents, including stepchildren, wards, and alleged extramarital children. All full names with married names are given except for Theodore Roosevelt III and Herbert Charles Hoover. Currently there are 33 confirmed, known living presidential children, the oldest Lynda Bird Johnson Robb, the youngest Barron Trump. Two presidential children, John Quincy Adams and George W. Bush, have become president in their own right.
Presidential children have been studied individually and as a class. As individuals they are more often notable in their own right than most individuals: They disproportionately circulate among political and social leaders and the wealthier classes, and they are more likely to be scrutinized as part of celebrity culture. Additionally, as individuals they frequently have significant influence on other family members. For instance, a child may have had a significant influence on the child's parent: acting as a sounding board, or having behavioral issues that affected the parent's beliefs or performance. John Scott Harrison is the only person to be both a child of a U.S. president and a parent of another U.S. president, being a son of William Henry Harrison and the father of Benjamin Harrison.
As a class, the children of presidents have also occasioned significant study. Study has generally followed two paths: The issue of what access and inclusion within the circles of power does to individuals' lives, aspirations, and outcomes;[1] and the issue of their influence on society and politics.[2]
18th century
[edit]with Martha Washington
[edit]- No children together. Martha Washington had four children with Daniel Parke Custis. The two oldest (who died before her marriage to George Washington) are:
- Daniel Parke Custis (November 19, 1751 – February 19, 1754)
- Frances Parke Custis (April 12, 1753 – April 1, 1757)
Child | Lifetime | Spouse | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|
John Parke Custis Nickname: Jacky |
November 27, 1754 – November 5, 1781 | Eleanor Calvert | Stepson; father was Daniel Parke Custis
Father of:
| |
Martha Parke Custis Nickname: Patsy |
1756 – June 19, 1773 | no spouse | Stepdaughter; father was Daniel Parke Custis |
Alleged illegitimate children
[edit]Child | Lifetime | Spouse | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Thomas Posey | July 9, 1750 – March 19, 1818 | Martha Mathews Mary Alexander Thornton |
Posey's parentage is unclear. According to rumors, Posey was born out of wedlock to the widow of George Harrison and was adopted by her second husband John Posey; that he was the illegitimate child of John Posey and another woman; or that he might have been the natural son of seventeen-year-old George Washington and an unnamed "Low Land Beauty" who was raised by the Poseys.[3][4] | |
West Ford | c. 1784 – July 20, 1863 | Caretaker at Mount Vernon; descendants assert Washington was his father, see West Ford § Washington fatherhood controversy |
John and Abigail Adams
[edit]Child | Lifetime | Spouse | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Abigail Adams Nickname: Nabby or Amelia |
July 14, 1765 – August 15, 1813 | William Stephens Smith | Mother of:
| |
John Quincy Adams 6th president (1825–1829) |
July 11, 1767 – February 23, 1848 | Louisa Catherine Johnson | 6th president of the United States, see below at John Quincy and Louisa Adams | |
Susanna Adams Nickname: Suky |
December 28, 1768 – February 4, 1770 | no spouse | died of an unknown illness | |
Charles Adams | May 29, 1770 – November 30, 1800 | Sarah Smith | Father of:
| |
Thomas Boylston Adams | September 15, 1772 – March 13, 1832 | Ann Harrod | Father of:
| |
Elizabeth Adams | July 11, 1777 | no spouse | stillborn |
19th century
[edit]with Martha Jefferson
[edit]Child | Lifetime | Spouse | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Martha Jefferson Nickname: Patsy |
September 27, 1772 – October 10, 1836 | Thomas Mann Randolph Jr. |
Mother of:
| |
Jane Randolph Jefferson | April 3, 1774 – September 1775[5] | no spouse | died of unknown causes | |
unnamed son[6] | May 28 – June 14, 1777 | died in infancy | ||
Mary Jefferson Nickname: Polly or Maria |
August 1, 1778 – April 17, 1804 | John Wayles Eppes | Mother of:
| |
Lucy Elizabeth Jefferson (I) | November 30, 1780 – April 15, 1781 | no spouse | died of an unspecified illness[7] | |
Lucy Elizabeth Jefferson (II) | May 8, 1782 – ca. October 13, 1784[8] | died of whooping cough[8] |
- Martha Jefferson also had one son with her first husband Bathurst Skelton, who died before her marriage to Jefferson: John Skelton (November 7, 1767 – June 10, 1771)
with Sally Hemings
[edit]- Children with Sally Hemings; see Jefferson DNA data
Child | Lifetime | Spouse | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
Harriet Hemings (I) | October 5, 1795 – December 7, 1797 | no spouse | died of unknown causes |
William Beverly Hemings | April 1, 1798 – after 1822 | a white woman in Maryland | one daughter, unknown name |
Unnamed Daughter Hemings | ca. December 7, 1799 – ca. 1800 | no spouse | died in early childhood |
Harriet Hemings (II) | May 22, 1801 – after 1822 | unknown | unknown |
James Madison Hemings | January 18, 1805 – November 26, 1877 | Mary Hughes McCoy | Father of:
|
Eston Hemings | May 21, 1808 – January 3, 1856 | Julia Ann Isaacs | Father of:
|
- Thomas Woodson, the father of Lewis Woodson and Sarah Jane Woodson, was also claimed to be a child of Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings. However, DNA testing of the male Jefferson line and the male Woodson line showed no link.
James and Dolley Madison
[edit]No children together, but raised the older of Dolley's two sons from her first marriage to John Todd:
Child | Lifetime | Spouse | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|
John Payne Todd Nickname: Payne |
February 29, 1792 – January 16, 1852 | no spouse | raised by James Madison; father was John Todd Jr. | |
William Temple Todd | July 4 – October 14, 1793 | died of yellow fever[9] |
James and Elizabeth Monroe
[edit]Child | Lifetime | Spouse | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Elizabeth Kortright Monroe Nickname: Eliza |
December 1786 – January 27, 1840[10][11] | George Hay | Mother of Hortensia Monroe Hay (1809-1834) | |
James Spence Monroe | May 1799 – September 28, 1800[12][a] | no spouse | died after "several days sickness".[12] | |
Maria Hester Monroe | April 8, 1802 – June 20, 1850 | Samuel Laurence Gouverneur | Mother of:
|
John Quincy and Louisa Adams
[edit]Child | Lifetime | Spouse | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|
George Washington Adams | April 12, 1801 – April 30, 1829 | none[b] | Jumped off of a boat and drowned | |
John Adams II | July 4, 1803 – October 23, 1834 | Mary Catherine Hellen | Father of:
| |
unnamed son[14] | June 22, 1806 | no spouse | stillborn | |
Charles Francis Adams | August 18, 1807 – November 21, 1886 | Abigail Brown Brooks |
Served as United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom (1861–1868)
| |
Louisa Catherine Adams | August 12, 1811 – September 15, 1812 | no spouse | died in St. Petersburg, Russia from an unknown illness while her father was serving as Minister to Russia[15][16] |
Andrew and Rachel Jackson
[edit]- No biological children together, informally adopted four, three of whom were Native American children captured during Jackson's Indian campaigns. Andrew and Rachel also served as guardians at least eight other children, although there were a total of 36 individuals who could be considered wards of the Jacksons. According to researcher Rachel Meredith, "Andrew Jr. was the only ward that he and Rachel considered to be a child of theirs."[17]
Child | Lifetime | Spouse | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Andrew Jackson Jr.[c] | December 4, 1808 – April 17, 1865 | Sarah Yorke | Born a twin, taken to the Hermitage as a newborn; fifth-born of nine biological children of Rachel's brother Severn Donelson, and Elizabeth Rucker.[19]
Father of 5:
| |
Theodore | c. 1813 – before March 1814 | Muscogee, taken prisoner at Littafuchee, sent to live at the Hermitage as a companion for Andrew Jackson Jr. | ||
Charley | fl. February–April 1814 | Indigenous orphan, tribal affiliation unknown, who was given to Jackson, sent to live at the Hermitage as a companion to Andrew Jackson Donelson | ||
Lyncoya Jackson | c. 1811 – July 1, 1828 | No spouse, no children | Muscogee survivor of the Battle of Tallushatchee; died of tuberculosis at the age of sixteen | |
John Samuel Donelson | before 1805–1817 | No spouse, no children | Orphaned nephews of Rachel, sons of Samuel Donelson who died in 1804 | |
Andrew Jackson Donelson | August 25, 1799 – June 26, 1871 | Emily Tennessee Donelson | ||
Elizabeth Martin Randolph | ||||
Daniel Smith Donelson | June 23, 1801 – April 17, 1863 | Margaret Donelson | ||
Andrew Jackson Hutchings | 1812–1841 | Mary Coffee | Orphaned grandnephew of Rachel | |
Caroline Swanwick Butler | 1789–1864 | Robert G. Bell | Orphaned children of family friend Edward Butler[20] | |
Eliza Eleanor Butler | April 20, 1791 – November 4, 1850 | John Donelson IV (1787–1840)[d] | ||
Edward George Washington Butler | February 22, 1800 – September 5, 1888 | Frances Parke Lewis[e] | ||
Anthony Wayne Butler | 1803–September 1824 | Unmarried, no issue |
Martin and Hannah Van Buren
[edit]Child | Lifetime | Spouse | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Abraham Van Buren II | November 1807 – March 15, 1873 | Angelica Singleton | 4 children | |
John Van Buren | February 18, 1810 – October 13, 1866 | Elizabeth Vanderpoel | Father of:
| |
Martin Van Buren Jr. Nickname: Matt |
December 20, 1812 – March 19, 1855 | No spouse and no children | died of tuberculosis | |
Winfield Scott Van Buren | 1814 | died in infancy | ||
Smith Thompson Van Buren | January 16, 1817 – December 10, 1876 | Ellen King James Henrietta Eckford Irving |
7 children between 2 wives | |
unnamed daughter[23] | 1818 or about 1807 | no spouse | stillborn |
with Anna Harrison
[edit]Child | Lifetime | Spouse | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Elizabeth Bassett Harrison Nickname: Betsy |
September 29, 1796 – September 27, 1846 | John Cleves Short | 1 child | |
John Cleves Symmes Harrison | October 28, 1798 – October 30, 1830 | Clarissa Pike[f] | 6 children | |
Lucy Singleton Harrison | September 1800 – April 7, 1826[24] | David K. Este[25] | 4 children | |
William Henry Harrison Jr. | September 3, 1802 – February 6, 1838[24] | Jane Findlay Irwin | 3 children | |
John Scott Harrison | October 4, 1804 – May 25, 1878 | Lucretia Knapp Johnson | 3 children | |
Elizabeth Ramsey Irwin | Mother of 10, including 23rd president (1889–1893) Benjamin Harrison (1833–1901) | |||
Benjamin Harrison | 1806 – June 9, 1840[24] | Louisa Smith Bonner | 2 children | |
Mary Raney | 3 children | |||
Mary Symmes Harrison | January 22, 1809 – November 16, 1842[26] | John Henry Fitzhugh Thornton | 6 children[27] | |
Carter Bassett Harrison | October 26, 1811 – August 12, 1839 | Mary Anne Sutherland | 1 child | |
Anna Tuthill Harrison | October 28, 1813 – July 5, 1845[26] | William Henry Harrison Taylor[g] | 7 children | |
James Findlay Harrison | 1814–1817[26] | no spouse | died of unknown causes |
alleged children with Dilsia (a slave)
[edit]Child | Lifetime | Spouse | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Dilsia Harrison | 1809–before 1900 | unknown | Daughter conceived by one of his slaves.[28] | |
Marie Harrison | 1840–1875 | no spouse | Had 4 children with Augustus C. Ware (1830–1872). Grandmother of Walter Francis White, head of the NAACP. | |
Four others, given names unknown (Harrison) |
with Letitia Tyler
[edit]Child | Lifetime | Spouse | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Mary Tyler | April 15, 1815 – June 17, 1847 | Henry Lightfoot Jones | 2 children | |
Robert Tyler | September 9, 1816 – December 3, 1877 | Elizabeth Priscilla Cooper | 8 children | |
John Tyler Jr. | April 27, 1819 – January 26, 1896 | Martha Rochelle | 3 children | |
Letitia Christian Tyler Nickname: Letty |
May 11, 1821 – December 28, 1907 | James Allen Semple | no children | |
Elizabeth Tyler Nickname: Lizzie |
July 11, 1823 – June 1, 1850 | William Nevison Waller | 5 children | |
Anne Contesse Tyler[29] | April 5 – July 1825 | no spouse | died in infancy | |
Alice Tyler | March 23, 1827 – June 8, 1854 | Henry Mandeville Denison | 1 daughter[30] | |
Tazewell Tyler | December 6, 1830 – January 8, 1874 | Nannie Bridges | 1 daughter |
alleged child with a slave
[edit]Child | Lifetime | Spouse | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|
John William Dunjee | 1833–1903 | Lydia Ann Taylor | allegedly the son of John Tyler; unproven as of 2011[31] Father of:
|
with Julia Tyler
[edit]Child | Lifetime | Spouse | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|
David Gardiner Tyler Nickname: Gardie |
July 12, 1846 – September 5, 1927 | Mary Morris Jones | 5 children | |
John Alexander Tyler Nickname: Alex |
April 7, 1848 – September 1, 1883 | Sarah Griswold Gardiner | 2 children | |
Julia Gardiner Tyler | December 25, 1849 – May 8, 1871 | William H. Spencer | Julia Tyler Spencer Cheever (1871–1955, born via coffin birth) | |
Lachlan Tyler | December 2, 1851 – January 26, 1902 | Georgia Webb Powell | no children | |
Lyon Gardiner Tyler | August 24, 1853 – February 12, 1935 | Anne Baker Tucker | Father of:
| |
Sue Ruffin | Father of:
Harrison is still alive as of December 3, 2020,[32] making John Tyler the earliest president with still-living grandchildren. | |||
Robert Fitzwalter Tyler | March 12, 1856 – December 30, 1927 | Fannie Glenn | at least 3 children | |
Margaret Pearl Tyler | June 20, 1860 – June 30, 1947 | William Munford Ellis | 8 children |
James and Sarah Polk
[edit]The Polks remain the only presidential couple to never have children while together, biologically, adopted, or from previous marriage.
Child | Lifetime | Spouse | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Marshall Tate Polk Jr. | May 15, 1831 – February 29, 1884 | Evalina McNeal Bills | Guardianship/Legal ward, nephew, son of brother Marshall Tate Polk | |
Sarah Polk Fall | April 1, 1847 – July 22, 1924 | George William Fall | Legal ward, shortly after the death of the president his widow unofficially adopted a great niece |
Zachary and Margaret Taylor
[edit]Child | Lifetime | Spouse | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ann Mackall Taylor | April 9, 1811 – December 2, 1875 | Dr. Robert Crooke Wood | Mother of 4, including John Taylor Wood (1830–1904) | |
Sarah Knox Taylor Nickname: Knoxie |
March 6, 1814 – September 15, 1835[33] | Jefferson F. Davis | died from malaria as a newlywed | |
Octavia Pannel Taylor[34] [h] | August 16, 1816 – September 3, 1820[33] | no spouse | died from malaria [i] | |
Margaret Smith Taylor | July 17, 1819 – October 1820 | died from malaria [j] | ||
Mary Elizabeth Taylor Nickname: Betty |
April 20, 1824 – July 25, 1909 | William Wallace Smith Bliss | Betty Bliss served as President Taylor's White House hostess, as the First Lady was an invalid. | |
Philip Pendleton Dandridge | ||||
Richard Taylor Nickname: Dick |
January 27, 1826 – April 17, 1879[33] | Louise Marie Myrthe Bringier | Father of Richard, Zachary, Louise, Elizabeth, and Myrthe. |
Millard and Abigail Fillmore
[edit]Child | Lifetime | Spouse | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Millard Powers Fillmore Nickname: Powers |
April 25, 1828 – November 15, 1889 | No spouse and no children | Last living descendant of President Fillmore.[37] | |
Mary Abigail Fillmore Nickname: Abby |
March 27, 1832 – July 26, 1854 | Served as Unofficial Acting First Lady during her mother's illness. Died of cholera. |
- Fillmore's second wife was Caroline Fillmore but they had no children.
Franklin and Jane Pierce
[edit]Child | Lifetime | Spouse | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Franklin Pierce Jr. | February 2–5, 1836 | no spouse | died from complications to his birth | |
Frank Robert Pierce | August 27, 1839 – November 14, 1843 | died of typhus fever after contracting it along with his brother | ||
Benjamin Pierce Nickname: Benny |
April 13, 1841 – January 6, 1853 | died in a train accident in front of his parents, weeks before his father was inaugurated |
- No biological children, and never married but had two nieces of whom he was the legal guardian
Child | Lifetime | Spouse | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Mary Elizabeth Speer Lane | 1826–1855 | George Washington Baker | Adopted daughter; niece (daughter of sister Jane Buchanan and Elliot Tole Lane) | |
Harriet Rebecca Lane | May 9, 1830 – July 3, 1903 | Henry Elliott Johnston | Adopted daughter; niece (daughter of sister Jane Buchanan and Elliot Tole Lane); served as Acting First Lady Mother of:
|
Abraham and Mary Lincoln
[edit]Child | Lifetime | Spouse | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Robert Todd Lincoln | August 1, 1843 – July 26, 1926 | Mary Eunice Harlan | Served as Secretary of War under the administrations of James A. Garfield and Chester A. Arthur.
Father of:
| |
Edward Baker Lincoln Nickname: Eddie |
March 10, 1846 – February 1, 1850 | no spouse | died of "chronic consumption" | |
William Wallace Lincoln Nickname: Willie |
December 21, 1850 – February 20, 1862 | died from typhoid fever | ||
Thomas Lincoln III Nickname: Tad |
April 4, 1853 – July 15, 1871 | The cause of Tad Lincoln's death has been reported as possibly any one of the following: |
with Eliza McCardle Johnson
[edit]Child | Lifetime | Spouse | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Martha Johnson | October 25, 1828 – July 10, 1901 | David Trotter Patterson | Martha Johnson Patterson § Descendants:
| |
Charles Johnson | February 19, 1830 – April 4, 1863 | No spouse and no children | ||
Mary Johnson | May 8, 1832 – April 19, 1883 | Daniel Stover | Mary Johnson Stover § Descendants
| |
William R. Brown | ||||
Robert Johnson | February 22, 1834 – April 22, 1869 | No spouse and no children | ||
Andrew Johnson Jr. Nickname: Frank |
August 5, 1852 – March 12, 1879 | Bessie May Rumbough | No children |
Child | Lifetime | Spouse | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Elizabeth Johnson | March 1846 – October 3, 1905 | George Forby | Nine children | |
Florence Johnson | May 1850 – September 5, 1920 | Henry Smith | Four children | |
Unknown (Johnson) | Per USNPS, there may have been a third-born child who died young.[43] | |||
William Andrew Johnson | February 8, 1858 – May 16, 1943 | No spouse and no children | Andrew Johnson's son Robert Johnson is listed as father on William Andrew Johnson's death certificate.[44] |
Ulysses and Julia Grant
[edit]Child | Lifetime | Spouse | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Frederick Dent Grant | May 30, 1850 – April 12, 1912 | Ida Marie Honoré | Father of:
| |
Ulysses S. Grant Jr. Nickname: Buck |
July 22, 1852 – September 25, 1929 | Frances Josephine "Fannie" Chaffee | Father of 5:
| |
America Rosa Workman Will | No children | |||
Ellen Wrenshall Grant Nickname: Nellie |
July 4, 1855 – August 30, 1922 | Algernon Charles Frederick Sartoris | Mother of:
| |
Frank Hatch Jones | No children | |||
Jesse Root Grant II | February 6, 1858 – June 8, 1934 | Elizabeth Mary Chapman | Father of:
| |
Lillian Burns Wilkins | No children |
Rutherford and Lucy Hayes
[edit]Child | Lifetime | Spouse | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Birchard Austin Hayes | November 4, 1853 – January 24, 1926 | Mary Nancy Sherman | Father of:
| |
James Webb Cook Hayes Nickname: Webb |
March 20, 1856 – July 26, 1934 | Mary Otis Brinkerhoff Miller | No children | |
Rutherford Platt Hayes | June 24, 1858 – July 31, 1927 | Lucy Hayes Platt | Father of;
| |
Joseph Thompson Hayes Nickname: Jody |
December 21, 1861 – June 24, 1863 | no spouse | died of dysentery | |
George Crook Hayes | September 29, 1864 – May 4, 1866 | died of scarlet fever | ||
Frances Hayes Nickname: Fanny |
September 2, 1867 – March 18, 1950 | Harry Eaton Smith | 1 child;
| |
Scott Russell Hayes | February 8, 1871 – May 6, 1923 | Maude Anderson | No children | |
Manning Force Hayes | August 1, 1873 – August 28, 1874[45] | no spouse | died in infancy, as a result of dysentery[46] |
James and Lucretia Garfield
[edit]Child | Lifetime | Spouse | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Eliza Arabella Garfield Nickname: Trot |
July 3, 1860 – December 3, 1863 | no spouse | died of diphtheria[47] | |
Harry Augustus Garfield Nickname: Hal |
October 11, 1863 – December 12, 1942 | Belle Hartford Mason | Father of 4 children:
| |
James Rudolph Garfield | October 17, 1865 – March 24, 1950 | Helen Newell | He was Secretary of the Interior during Theodore Roosevelt's administration. Father of:
| |
Mary Garfield Nickname: Mollie |
January 16, 1867 – December 30, 1947 | Joseph Stanley-Brown | Mother of:[48]
| |
Irvin McDowell Garfield | August 3, 1870 – July 18, 1951 | Susan Emmons | Father of 3:
| |
Abram Garfield | November 21, 1872 – October 16, 1958 | Sarah Granger Williams | Father of:
| |
Helen Grannis Matthews | ||||
Edward Garfield | December 25, 1874 – October 25, 1876 | no spouse | died of whooping cough |
Chester and Ellen Arthur
[edit]Child | Lifetime | Spouse | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|
William Lewis Arthur | December 10, 1860 – July 7, 1863 | no spouse | died of convulsions | |
Chester Alan Arthur II Nickname: Alan |
July 25, 1864 – July 18, 1937 | Myra Townsend | Father of:
| |
Rowena Graves | ||||
Ellen Hansbrough Herndon Arthur Nickname: Nell |
November 21, 1871 – September 6, 1915 | Charles Pinkerton | No children |
Grover Cleveland and Maria Halpin
[edit]- See also section on Grover and Frances Cleveland
Child | Lifetime | Spouse | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Oscar Folsom Cleveland | September 14, 1874 – March 9, 1947 | unknown name (married for ten years)[49] |
Illegitimate son. Cleveland made payments to Maria Halpin after the boy was born.[50] Grover Cleveland acknowledged possibility he was Oscar Folsom Cleveland's father.[50] |
with Caroline Harrison
[edit]Child | Lifetime | Spouse | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Russell Benjamin Harrison | August 12, 1854 – December 13, 1936 | May Angeline Saunders | Born Russell Farnum Lord Harrison
Father of:
| |
Mary Scott Harrison Nickname: Mamie |
April 3, 1858 – October 28, 1930 | James Robert McKee | Served as acting First Lady
Mother of:
| |
unnamed daughter | June 13, 1861 | no spouse | stillborn |
with Mary Harrison
[edit]Child | Lifetime | Spouse | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Elizabeth Harrison Walker | February 21, 1897 – December 25, 1955 | James Blaine Walker | Mother of:
|
Grover and Frances Cleveland
[edit]- See also section on Grover Cleveland and Maria Halpin
Child | Lifetime | Spouse | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ruth Cleveland Nickname: Baby Ruth |
October 3, 1891 – January 7, 1904 | no spouse | died of diphtheria | |
Esther Cleveland | September 9, 1893 – June 25, 1980 | William Sydney Bence Bosanquet | First presidential child to be born in the White House. Mother of:
| |
Marion Cleveland | July 7, 1895 – March 10, 1977 | William Stanley Dell | Mother of Frances Folsom Dell (1920–2005)[54] | |
John Harlan Amen | Mother of Grover Cleveland Amen (1932–1997) | |||
Richard Folsom Cleveland Nickname: Dick |
October 28, 1897 – January 10, 1974 | Ellen Douglas Gailor | Father of:
| |
Jessie Maxwell Black | Father of:
| |||
Francis Cleveland | July 18, 1903 – November 8, 1995 | Alice Erdman | Father of Marion C. Cleveland (1925–2014) |
William and Ida McKinley
[edit]Child | Lifetime | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|
Katherine McKinley Nickname: Katie |
December 25, 1871 – June 25, 1875 | died of typhoid fever | |
Ida McKinley | April 1 – August 22, 1873 | died in infancy |
20th century
[edit]with Alice Roosevelt
[edit]Child | Lifetime | Spouse | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Alice Lee Roosevelt Nickname: Lee |
February 12, 1884 – February 20, 1980 | Nicholas Longworth | Mother of Paulina Longworth (1925–1957),[55] with William Borah |
with Edith Roosevelt
[edit]Child | Lifetime | Spouse | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Theodore Roosevelt Jr. Nickname: Ted |
September 13, 1887 – July 12, 1944 | Eleanor Butler Alexander | Governor General of the Philippines and Governor of Puerto Rico. Father of:
| |
Kermit Roosevelt | October 10, 1889 – June 4, 1943 | Belle Wyatt Willard[55] | Father of:
| |
Ethel Carow Roosevelt | August 13, 1891 – December 10, 1977 | Richard Derby | Mother of:
| |
Archibald Bulloch Roosevelt Nickname: Archie |
April 10, 1894 – October 13, 1979 | Grace Lockwood | Father of:
| |
Quentin Roosevelt Nickname: Quentyquee or Quinikins |
November 19, 1897 – July 14, 1918 | No spouse and no children | died in combat in World War I |
William and Helen Taft
[edit]Child | Lifetime | Spouse | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Robert Alphonso Taft | September 8, 1889 – July 31, 1953 | Martha Wheaton Bowers | US senator (1939–1953) and Majority Leader (1953) Father of:
| |
Helen Herron Taft Nickname: Helene |
August 1, 1891 – February 21, 1987 | Frederick Johnson Manning | Mother of:
| |
Charles Phelps Taft II Nickname: Charlie |
September 20, 1897 – June 24, 1983 | Eleanor Kellogg Chase | Mayor of Cincinnati, Ohio Father of:
|
Woodrow and Ellen Wilson
[edit]Child | Lifetime | Spouse | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Margaret Woodrow Wilson Nickname: Nistha |
April 16, 1886 – February 12, 1944 | no spouse | Served as acting First Lady for a brief period | |
Jessie Woodrow Wilson | August 28, 1887 – January 15, 1933 | Francis Bowes Sayre Sr. | Mother of:
| |
Eleanor Randolph Wilson | October 16, 1889 – April 5, 1967 | William Gibbs McAdoo | Mother of:
|
- Wilson's second wife Edith Wilson, with her first husband Norman Galt, had one son, who died in infancy before her marriage to Wilson.
with Florence Harding
[edit]Child | Lifetime | Spouse | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Marshall Eugene DeWolfe Nickname: Pete |
September 22, 1880 – January 1, 1915 | Esther Naomi Neely | Stepson from Florence's first marriage, to Henry Athenton DeWolfe. Father of:
|
with Nan Britton
[edit]Child | Lifetime | Spouse | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Elizabeth Ann Britton Nickname: Emma or Ann |
October 22, 1919 – November 17, 2005 | Henry Edward Blaesing | Illegitimate daughter of Warren G. Harding, proven by DNA testing in 2015.[56] Mother of:
|
Calvin and Grace Coolidge
[edit]Child | Lifetime | Spouse | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|
John Coolidge | September 7, 1906 – May 31, 2000 | Florence Trumbull | Father of:
| |
Calvin Coolidge Jr. | April 13, 1908 – July 7, 1924 | no spouse | died of blood poisoning |
Herbert and Lou Hoover
[edit]Child | Lifetime | Spouse | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Herbert Charles Hoover | August 4, 1903 – July 9, 1969 | Margaret Ava Watson | Served as Under Secretary of State (October 4, 1954 – February 5, 1957) in the Eisenhower Administration.
Variously named as "Herbert Hoover, Jr.,"[57] "Herbert Charles Hoover,"[58] and "Herbert Clark Hoover."[59] Father of:
| |
Allan Henry Hoover | July 17, 1907 – November 4, 1993 | Margaret Coberly | Father of:
|
Child | Lifetime | Spouse | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Anna Eleanor Roosevelt | May 3, 1906 – December 1, 1975 | Curtis Bean Dall | Mother of:
| |
Clarence John Boettiger | Mother of John Roosevelt Boettiger (b. 1939)[55] | |||
James Addison Halsted | No children with James Halsted | |||
James Roosevelt Nickname: Jimmy |
December 23, 1907 – August 13, 1991 | Betsey Maria Cushing[55] | Father of:
| |
Romelle Theresa Schneider | Father of:
| |||
Gladys Irene Owens | Father of Hall Delano Roosevelt (born and adopted 1959) | |||
Mary Lena Winskill | Father of Rebecca Mary Roosevelt (born 1971) | |||
Franklin Delano Roosevelt Jr. (I) | March 18, 1909 – November 8, 1909 | no spouse | died as an infant | |
Elliott Roosevelt | September 23, 1910 – October 27, 1990 | Elizabeth Browning Donner | Father of William Donner Roosevelt (1932–2003)[55] | |
Ruth Josephine Googins | Father of: | |||
Faye Margaret Emerson | No children with Faye Emerson | |||
Minnewa Bell | No children with Minnewa Bell | |||
Patricia Peabody Whitehead | Father of Livingston Delano Roosevelt (born March 16, 1962; died March 21, 1962). Adopted four stepchildren from Patricia Peabody Roosevelt's first marriage. | |||
Franklin Delano Roosevelt Jr. (II) | August 17, 1914 – August 17, 1988 | Ethel du Pont | Father of:
| |
Suzanne Perrin | Father of: | |||
Felicia Schiff Warburg | No children with Felicia Warburg Roosevelt | |||
Patricia Luisa Oakes | Father of John Alexander Roosevelt (b. 1977)[55] | |||
Linda McKay Stevenson | No children with Linda Stevenson Roosevelt | |||
John Aspinwall Roosevelt II | March 13, 1916 – April 27, 1981 | Anne Lindsay Clark | Father of: | |
Irene Elder Boyd | No children with Irene Boyd Roosevelt |
Harry and Bess Truman
[edit]Child | Lifetime | Spouse | Note | Place of birth | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mary Margaret Truman | February 17, 1924 – January 29, 2008 | Elbert Clifton Daniel Jr. | Mother of:
|
Independence, Missouri |
Dwight and Mamie Eisenhower
[edit]Child | Lifetime | Spouse | Notes | Place of birth | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Doud Dwight Eisenhower Nickname: Icky |
September 24, 1917 – January 2, 1921 | no spouse | died of scarlet fever | San Antonio, Texas | |
John Sheldon Doud Eisenhower | August 3, 1922 – December 21, 2013 | Barbara Jean Thompson | United States Ambassador to Belgium (1969–1971)
Father of:
|
Denver, Colorado | |
Joanne Thompson | No children |
John and Jackie Kennedy
[edit]Child | Lifetime | Spouse | Notes | Place of birth | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Arabella Kennedy | August 23, 1956 | no spouse | stillborn daughter | ||
Caroline Bouvier Kennedy | born November 27, 1957 | Edwin Arthur Schlossberg | United States Ambassador to Japan (2013–2017) and United States Ambassador to Australia (2022–present)
Mother of:
|
Manhattan, New York | |
John Fitzgerald Kennedy Jr. Nickname: John-John |
November 25, 1960 – July 16, 1999 | Carolyn Jeanne Bessette | No children Killed in a plane crash |
Washington, D.C. | |
Patrick Bouvier Kennedy | August 7–9, 1963 | no spouse | Died after a premature birth | Otis Air Force Base, Massachusetts |
Lyndon and Lady Bird Johnson
[edit]Child | Lifetime | Spouse | Notes | Place of birth | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lynda Bird Johnson[61] | born March 19, 1944 | Charles Spittal Robb[61] | Currently the oldest living presidential child
Mother of: |
Washington, D.C. | |
Lucy Baines Johnson[61] Nickname: Luci |
born July 2, 1947 | Patrick John Nugent | Mother of:
| ||
Ian Johnstone Turpin | No children with Ian Turpin. One stepson: Stuart Leonard Turpin (b. 1978) |
Child | Lifetime | Spouse | Notes | Place of birth | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Patricia Nixon Nickname: Tricia |
born February 21, 1946 | Edward Ridley Finch Cox | Mother of Christopher Nixon Cox (b. 1979) | Whittier, California | |
Julie Nixon | born July 5, 1948 | Dwight David Eisenhower II son of John Eisenhower and grandson of President Dwight Eisenhower |
Mother of:
|
Washington, D.C. |
Gerald and Betty Ford
[edit]Child | Lifetime | Spouse | Notes | Place of birth | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Michael Gerald Ford | born March 14, 1950 | Gayle Ann Brumbaugh | Father of:
|
East Grand Rapids, Michigan | |
John Gardner Ford Nickname: Jack |
born March 16, 1952 | Juliann Felando | Father of:
| ||
Steven Meigs Ford | born May 19, 1956 | No spouse | No children | ||
Susan Elizabeth Ford | born July 6, 1957 | Charles Vance | Mother of:
|
Washington, D.C. | |
Vaden Bales | No children with Vaden Bales |
Jimmy and Rosalynn Carter
[edit]Child | Lifetime | Spouse | Notes | Place of birth | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
John William Carter Nickname: Jack |
born July 3, 1947 | Juliet “Judy” Langford | Father of:
|
Portsmouth, Virginia | |
Elizabeth Brasfield | Two stepchildren: John Chuldenko and Sarah Chuldenko Reynolds | ||||
James Earl Carter III Nickname: Chip, Jim III, and Jimmy Jr. |
born April 12, 1950 | Caron Griffin | Father of:
|
Honolulu, Hawaii | |
Ginger Hodges | Father of:
| ||||
Becky Payne | No children with Becky Payne Carter | ||||
Donnel Jeffrey Carter Nickname: Jeff |
born August 18, 1952 | Annette Jene Davis (1952–2021) | Father of: | New London, Connecticut | |
Amy Lynn Carter | born October 19, 1967 | James Gregory Wentzel | Mother of Hugo James Wentzel (b. 1999)[62] | Plains, Georgia | |
John Joseph "Jay" Kelly | Mother of Errol Carter Kelly |
with Jane Wyman
[edit]Child | Lifetime | Spouse | Notes | Place of birth | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Maureen Elizabeth Reagan | January 4, 1941 – August 8, 2001 | John Filippone | No children | Los Angeles, California | |
David Sills | No children | ||||
Dennis C. Revell | Mother of Margaret "Rita" Mirembe Revell (adopted) | ||||
Michael Edward Reagan (adopted)
Nickname: Mike |
born March 18, 1945 | Pamela Gail Putnam | No children | ||
Colleen Sterns | Father of:
| ||||
Christine Reagan | June 26, 1947 – June 27, 1947 | no spouse | Died shortly after birth |
with Nancy Reagan
[edit]Child | Lifetime | Spouse | Place of birth | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Patricia Ann Davis Nickname: Patti |
born October 21, 1952 | Paul Grilley
No children |
Los Angeles, California | |
Ronald Prescott Reagan Nickname: Ron |
born May 20, 1958 | Doria Palmieri
No children | ||
Federica Basangi
No children |
George H. W. and Barbara Bush
[edit]Child | Lifetime | Spouse | Notes | Place of birth | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
George Walker Bush 43rd president (2001–2009) |
born July 6, 1946 | Laura Lane Welch | 46th governor of Texas (1995–2000) and 43rd president of the United States
see below at George W. and Laura Bush |
New Haven, Connecticut | |
Pauline Robinson Bush Nickname: Robin |
December 20, 1949 – October 11, 1953 | no spouse | died of leukemia | Compton, California | |
John Ellis Bush Nickname: Jeb |
born February 11, 1953 | Columba Garnica Gallo | 43rd governor of Florida (1999–2007) Father of:
|
Midland, Texas | |
Neil Mallon Bush | born January 22, 1955 | Sharon Smith | Father of:
| ||
Maria Manass Andrews | Three stepchildren from Maria A. Bush's first marriage:
| ||||
Marvin Pierce Bush | born October 22, 1956 | Margaret Conway Molster | Father of:
| ||
Dorothy Walker Bush Nickname: Doro |
born August 18, 1959 | William LeBlond | Mother of:
|
Harris County, Texas | |
Robert P. Koch | Mother of:
|
Bill and Hillary Clinton
[edit]Child | Lifetime | Spouse | Notes | Place of birth | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chelsea Victoria Clinton | born February 27, 1980 | Marc Mezvinsky | Mother of:
|
Little Rock, Arkansas |
21st century
[edit]George W. and Laura Bush
[edit]Child | Lifetime | Spouse | Notes | Place of birth | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Barbara Pierce Bush | born November 25, 1981 | Craig Louis Coyne | Mother of:
|
Dallas, Texas | |
Jenna Welch Bush | Henry Chase Hager | Mother of:
|
Barack and Michelle Obama
[edit]Child | Lifetime | Spouse | Notes | Place of birth | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Malia Ann Obama | born July 4, 1998 | Unmarried | Chicago, Illinois | ||
Natasha Marian Obama Nickname: Sasha |
born June 10, 2001 |
with Ivana Trump
[edit]Child | Lifetime | Spouse | Notes | Place of birth | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Donald John Trump Jr. Nickname: Don Jr. |
born December 31, 1977 | Vanessa Kay Haydon divorced |
Trustee of The Trump Organization along with Eric.
Father of:
|
Manhattan, New York | |
Ivana Marie Trump Nickname: Ivanka |
born October 30, 1981 | Jared Corey Kushner | Senior Advisor to the President (2017–2021)
Mother of:
| ||
Eric Frederick Trump | born January 6, 1984 | Lara Lea Yunaska | Trustee of The Trump Organization along with Don Jr.
Father of:
|
with Marla Maples
[edit]Child | Lifetime | Spouse | Notes | Place of birth | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tiffany Ariana Trump | born October 13, 1993 | Michael Boulos | No children | West Palm Beach, Florida |
with Melania Trump
[edit]Child | Lifetime | Spouse | Notes | Place of birth | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Barron William Trump | born March 20, 2006 | Unmarried | Youngest living child of any president.[63] | Manhattan, New York |
with Neilia Hunter Biden
[edit]Child | Lifetime | Spouse | Notes | Place of birth | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Joseph Robinette Biden III Nickname: Beau |
February 3, 1969 – May 30, 2015 | Hallie Olivere |
Attorney General of Delaware (2007–2015) Father of:
|
Wilmington, Delaware | |
Robert Hunter Biden Nickname: Hunter |
born February 4, 1970 | Kathleen Buhle divorced |
Father of:
| ||
Lunden Roberts |
Father of:
| ||||
Melissa Cohen |
Father of:
| ||||
Naomi Christina Biden Nickname: Amy |
November 8, 1971 – December 18, 1972 | no spouse | Died in a car accident with her mother |
with Jill Biden
[edit]Child | Lifetime | Spouse | Notes | Place of birth | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ashley Blazer Biden | born June 8, 1981 | Howard David Krein | No children | Wilmington, Delaware |
Living presidential children
[edit]As of November 2024, 33 presidential children are living. In order of their ages, they are:
Current first child
The most recent presidential child to die was Beau Biden, the eldest son of Joe Biden, who died on May 30, 2015, at the age of 46, before his father became president. The most recent presidential child to die who lived during their father's presidency was John Eisenhower, the only surviving son of Dwight D. Eisenhower, who died on December 21, 2013, at the age of 91. He was also the father-in-law of Julie Nixon Eisenhower, another presidential child.
See also
[edit]- List of children of vice presidents of the United States
- List of children of prime ministers of India
Notes
[edit]- ^ James Monroe wrote that his only son died on September 28, 1800. The date of September 28, 1801 that is said to appear on the James Spence Monroe gravestone in the St. John's Episcopal Church (Richmond, Virginia) churchyard is not contemporaneous to the child's death, the location of the actual grave remains unknown.[13]
- ^ He had a mistress, Eliza Dolph, who had a child, but it is unclear who the baby's father was.
- ^ Jackson Sr. described Jr. as "adopted" but there is no surviving documentation in legislative or judicial records of a formal adoption.[18]
- ^ John Donelson IV was a nephew of Rachel Donelson Jackson.[21]
- ^ Frances Parke Lewis was the step great-granddaughter of George Washington[22]
- ^ Clarissa Pike was the daughter of Zebulon Pike, who discovered Pike's Peak
- ^ William Henry Harrison Taylor was Anna Tuthill Harrison's cousin
- ^ Some sources spell this name as Octavia Pannill Taylor.[35]
- ^ Octavia's illness was described by her father as "bilious fever."[36]
- ^ Margaret's illness was described by her father as "bilious fever."[36]
References
[edit]- ^ See, e.g., Angelo, First Families.
- ^ See, e.g., Zwicker, "America's Royalty", Presidential Studies Quarterly.
- ^ "Founders Online: To George Washington from Thomas Posey, 20 November 1791".
- ^ Posey, John Thornton (December 27, 1990). "Governor Thomas Posey: The Son of George Washington?". Indiana Magazine of History. 86 (1): 28–49. JSTOR 27791352.
- ^ "Thomas Jefferson's Family". Jefferson Quotes & Family Letters (Thomas Jefferson: Retirement Series). Thomas Jefferson Foundation, Inc. Retrieved February 3, 2018.
- ^ Quinn, Sandra L.; Kanter, Sanford (1995). America's Royalty: All the Presidents' Children. Greenwood Publishing. p. 19. ISBN 9780313295355.
- ^ Quinn, Sandra L.; Kanter, Sanford (1995). America's Royalty: All the Presidents' Children. Greenwood Publishing. p. 21. ISBN 9780313295355.
- ^ a b "Lucy Jefferson (1782 – 1784)". monticello.org. Thomas Jefferson Foundation. Retrieved January 14, 2018.
- ^ "Dolley Madison". Biography. April 23, 2021.
- ^ Letter, April 10, 1788, James Monroe (Richmond, Virginia) to Thomas Jefferson (Paris)The Thomas Jefferson Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.: "...I think I mention'd to you in my last Mrs. M[onroe] had made us happy by giving us a daughter who is now 16 months old an[d] begins to talk..."
- ^ February 3, 1840, The Observer (London, England), page 1: "BIRTHS, MARRIAGES, AND DEATHS...DIED... [January] 27th, at her residence in the Champs Elysees, Paris, Mrs. Elizabeth K. M. Hay, relict of the late George Hay, Esq., of Virginia, and daughter of the late James Monroe, Esq., formerly President of the United States of America."
- ^ a b Monroe, James. "James Spence Monroe". The Papers of James Monroe. University of Mary Washington. Retrieved February 2, 2018.
An unhappy event has occurr'd which has overwhelmed us with grief. At ten last night our beloved babe departed this life after several days sickness
- ^ Stuart, Leibiger, ed. (2012). A Companion to James Madison and James Monroe. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9781118281437.
- ^ Roberts, Cokie (2008). Ladies of Liberty: The Women Who Shaped Our Nation. Harper Collins. ISBN 9780060782344.
- ^ "Louisa Catherine Adams: A Father Reflects on the Death of his Infant Daughter". Massachusetts Historical Society. Retrieved February 2, 2018.
...had been unwell for weeks. She experienced extreme discomfort due to teething (in his diary, JQA stated she was cutting seven teeth at the same time), had dysentery, and was feverish.
- ^ "First Lady Biography: Louisa Adams". National First Ladies' Library. Archived from the original on May 9, 2012. Retrieved February 2, 2018.
- ^ Meredith, Rachel (March 31, 2013). 'THERE WAS SOMEBODY ALWAYS DYING AND LEAVING JACKSON AS GUARDIAN': THE WARDS OF ANDREW JACKSON (Thesis). Middle Tennessee State University.
- ^ Jackson, Andrew (January 1, 1984). "The Papers of Andrew Jackson, Volume II, 1804-1813". The Papers of Andrew Jackson.
- ^ Galloway, Linda Bennett (1950). "Andrew Jackson, Junior". Tennessee Historical Quarterly. 9 (3): 195–216. ISSN 0040-3261.
- ^ "Children – Andrew Jackson's Adopted Family". The Hermitage. Retrieved February 22, 2018.
- ^ "Notable Southern families v.2". HathiTrust. p. 90. Retrieved October 13, 2024.
- ^ Plater, David D. (2015). The Butlers of Iberville Parish, Louisiana: Dunboyne Plantation in the 1800s. LSU Press. pp. 20–21. ISBN 9780807161296.
- ^ [1] Archived October 9, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, firstladies.org
- ^ a b c Wead, Doug (2004). All the Presidents' Children: Triumph and Tragedy in the Lives of America's First Families. Simon and Schuster. p. 338. ISBN 9780743446310.
- ^ Quinn, Sandra L.; Kanter, Sanford (1995). America's Royalty: All the Presidents' Children. Greenwood Publishing. p. 338. ISBN 9780743446334.
- ^ a b c Wead, Doug (2004). All the Presidents' Children: Triumph and Tragedy in the Lives of America's First Families. Simon and Schuster. p. 339. ISBN 9780743446310.
- ^ Family Search (subscription required)
- ^ Janken, Kenneth Robert (2003). Walter White: Mr. NAACP. UNC Press. pp. 1–3. ISBN 978-0807857809.
- ^ "John Tyler: Most Children". July 31, 2013.
- ^ "Marriage record of daughter listing Alice as mother". FamilySearch.
- ^ Forever Free: Abraham Lincoln's Journey to Emancipation at library.buffalo.edu/exhibits/ForeverFree/index.htm
- ^ "A nation at a crossroads gets a new beginning".
- ^ a b c "Margaret Taylor Biography :: National First Ladies' Library". www.firstladies.org. Archived from the original on May 9, 2012. Retrieved February 9, 2018.
- ^ Wead, Doug (2004). All the Presidents' Children: Triumph and Tragedy in the Lives of America's First Families. Simon and Schuster. p. 342. ISBN 9780743446310.
- ^ Bauer, K. Jack (1993). Zachary Taylor: Soldier, Planter, Statesman of the Old Southwest. LSU Press. p. 30. ISBN 9780807118511.
- ^ a b Bauer (August 1993). Zachary Taylor: Soldier, Planter, Statesman of the Old Southwes. LSU Press. p. 38. ISBN 9780807118511.
- ^ "Millard Powers Fillmore Dead". The New York Times. November 16, 1889.
- ^ Davenport, Don (2001). In Lincoln's Footsteps: A Historical Guide to the Lincoln Sites in Illinois. Big Earth Publishing. p. 210. ISBN 9781931599054.
- ^ Emerson, Jason. Giant in the Shadows: The Life of Robert T. Lincoln. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 2012, P. 478.
- ^ "Abraham Lincoln and Chicago (Abraham Lincoln's Classroom)". The Lincoln Institute. Archived from the original on August 3, 2020. Retrieved December 2, 2012.
- ^ "The Lincoln Boys". Library of Congress. Archived from the original on October 23, 2013. Retrieved December 2, 2012.
- ^ * Speer, W.S. (1888). "David T. Patterson". Sketches of prominent Tennesseans: Containing biographies and records of many of the families who have attained prominence in Tennessee. Nashville: A. B. Tavel. pp. 531–533. LCCN 08019465. OCLC 4252171. OL 6998321M.
- ^ "Slaves of Andrew Johnson". July 20, 2023.
- ^ "William A. Johnson, 16 May 1943; Death, Knox, Tennessee, United States", Tennessee Deaths, 1914–1966, Tennessee State Library and Archives, Nashville – via FamilySearch
- ^ Gould, Lewis L. (February 4, 2014). American First Ladies: Their Lives and Their Legacy. Routledge. ISBN 9781135311483.
- ^ "Manning Force Hayes". Rutherford B. Hayes Presidential Library & Museums. Retrieved November 29, 2022.
- ^ Wead, Doug (2004). All the Presidents' Children: Triumph and Tragedy in the Lives of America's First Families. Simon and Schuster. p. 348. ISBN 9780743446310.
- ^ "Mary "Mollie" Garfield (U.S. National Park Service)".
- ^ a b Kendall, Joshua (2016). First Dads: Parenting and Politics from George Washington to Barack Obama. Grand Central Publishing. p. 147. ISBN 9781455551965.
- ^ a b Sibley, Katherine A.S., ed. (2016). A Companion to First Ladies. John Wiley & Sons. p. 269. ISBN 9781118732243.
- ^ Matthew Yglesias (January 15, 2010). "Historic Sex Scandals". ThinkProgress. Retrieved July 2, 2014.
- ^ a b Serratore, Angela (September 26, 2013). "President Cleveland's Problem Child". smithsonianmag.com. Smithsonian/The Smithsonian. Retrieved October 11, 2016.
- ^ Lachman, Charles (2011). A Secret Life: The Sex, Lies, and Scandals of President Grover Cleveland. Skyhorse Publishing. p. 202. ISBN 9781616082758.
- ^ "Join Ancestry®". Ancestry.com.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w "Roosevelt Genealogy". fdrlibrary.marist.edu. Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum. Archived from the original on May 29, 2014. Retrieved August 13, 2016.
- ^ "DNA Is Said to Solve a Mystery of Warren Harding's Love Life". The New York Times. August 13, 2015.
- ^ Cameron Hawley, "The Honored Name I Bear?", Life, October 11, 1954
- ^ "Hoover Genealogy – Herbert Hoover National Historic Site (U.S. National Park Service)".
- ^ "Herbert Clark Hoover (1903 – 1969)". Office of the Historian, Bureau of Public Affairs, United States Department of State. Retrieved August 25, 2010.
- ^ "David Boynton Roosevelt (1942-2022)". Retrieved December 12, 2023.
- ^ a b c d e f Doug Wead (2003). All the Presidents' All the Presidents' Children: Triumph and Tragedy in the Lives of America's Families. Simon & Schuster. p. 359. ISBN 978-0743446310.
- ^ a b c d e f "The Carter Family". jimmycarter.info. March 24, 2016. Retrieved December 12, 2023.
- ^ Haberman, Maggie (November 20, 2016). "Melania and Barron Trump Won't Immediately Move to White House". The New York Times. Retrieved November 21, 2016.
- ^ Bostock, Bill (September 21, 2019). "A mother who claims Hunter Biden fathered her child went public with a DNA test because he stopped paying child support, lawyers say". Business Insider. Archived from the original on August 30, 2022. Retrieved September 26, 2022.
- Sources
- Bonnie Angelo, First Families: The Impact of the White House on Their Lives, ISBN 0-06-056356-7
- William A. Degregorio, The Complete Book of U.S. Presidents, Wings Books, 1991
- Doug Wead, All the President's Children: Triumph and Tragedy in the Lives of America's First Families, Atria Books, New York, 2003, ISBN 0-7434-4631-3
Further reading
[edit]- Larry D. Underwood. All the President's Children, Dageford Publishing, 2002, ISBN 1-886225-85-0 (a children's book)
- Quinn-Musgrove, Sandra L. and Kanter, Sanford, America's Royalty: All the President's Children, Olympic Marketing, ISBN 0-313-23645-3