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- Fundamental Forms of Information: Research Articles
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, vol. 57, no. 8 (June 2006) pp. 1033-1045.
- See Abstract and 43 cognitive scientific References at ACM.
- See also
- David Blair (information technologist)
- Wittgenstein, Language and Information: "Back to the Rough Ground!"
- Information Science and Knowledge Management
- Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., Secaucus, NJ
This book is an extension of the discussions presented in Blair's 1990 book Language and Representation in Information Retrieval, which was selected as the "Best Information Science Book of the Year" by the American Society for Information Science (ASIS). That work stated that the Philosophy of Language had the best theory for understanding meaning in language, and within the Philosophy of Language, the work of philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein was found to be most perceptive. The success of that book provided an incentive to look more deeply into Wittgenstein's philosophy of language, and how it can help us to understand how to represent the intellectual content of information. This is what the current title does, and by using this theory it creates a firm foundation for future Information Retrieval research. The work consists of four related parts. Firstly, a brief overview of Wittgenstein's philosophy of language and its relevance to information systems. Secondly, a detailed explanation of Wittgenstein's late philosophy of language and mind. Thirdly, an extended discussion of the relevance of his philosophy to understanding some of the problems inherent in information systems, especially those systems which rely on retrieval based on some representation of the intellectual content of that information. And, fourthly, a series of detailed footnotes which cite the sources of the numerous quotations and provide some discussion of the related issues that the text inspires.
- What Is Documentation?
- Scarecrow Press, Lanham, MD, 2006.
- Trans. of Qu'est-ce que la documentation, EDIT, Paris, 1951.
- Michael Buckland (2009) "As we may recall: four forgotten pioneers."
Buckland
[edit]Parina Hassanaly, et al., eds.
- Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications; Vol. 137
- Proceeding of the 2006 conference on Cooperative Systems Design: Seamless Integration of Artifacts and Conversations -- Enhanced Concepts of Infrastructure for Communication Pages: i-xii, 2006 ACM
Michael Buckland is the keynote speaker of COOP'06; and an abstract of his talk is included in this book. Michael Buckland comes from the School of Information Management & Systems which is part of the University of California and located in Berkeley. He has contributed to renew the approach of documents particularly by going back to the foundational work of the French archivists like Suzanne Briet. His famous papers "What is a 'document'?" and "Information as Thing" are surprisingly relevant in the context of the CSCW debate about the importance of the materiality of coordinative artefacts.
- Innovation: The Five Disciplines for Creating What Customers Want
- Crown Business (August 8, 2006)
- with William W. Wilmot
- Amazon reviews [2]
- (1978) Visibility of Displayed Information
- The God Delusion
- Bantam Books
- ``He is sympathetic to Robert Pirsig's observation in Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance that "when one person suffers from a delusion it is called insanity. When many people suffer from a delusion it is called religion."``
- Anyone is as equally qualified to abhor as adore God, even childishly. Why should Dawkins always behave himself, as if Hercules?
- Breaking the Spell: Religion as a Natural Phenomenon
- Penguin Group
- Commentary: Fifty Years of Citation Indexing
- International Journal of Epidemiology, 35: 1127–1128. [3]
Reading the 1955 paper* once again reminds me of the inspiration that the concept had from my early interest in encyclopaedism. In 1970,** Manfred Kochen commented on its role in the worldwide encyclopaedic movement.13 Today the Internet has enabled the development of Wikipedia and other grand schemes that will make the H.G. Wells dream of a World Brain a reality.
— 13. Kochen M. WISE - world information synthesis and encyclopedia. J Document, 1972; 28:322–343.
- My footnotes:
- * Eugene Garfield. Citation indexes for science: a new dimension in documentation through association of ideas. Science, 1955; 122: 108–11. [4]
- ** "1970" may be mistaken for 1972.
- The role of skepticism in human-information behavior: a cognitive-affective analysis
- Library Student Journal, September 2006. [5]
He earned his Master of Library and Information Science degree in 2006 from the School of Communication, Information and Library Studies at Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey. Previously, he was a systems administrator and project manager for the Rutgers University Libraries and the University of Washington Libraries.
- The Semantic Turn: A New Foundation for Design
- Taylor & Francis CRC, New York ISBN 0-415-32220-0.
- "Humans do not see and act on the physical qualities of things, but on what they mean to them"
- "A systematic inquiry into how people attribute meanings to artifacts and interact with them accordingly"
- Human-centeredness
Design "brings forth what would not come naturally (...); proposes realizable artifacts to others (...) must support the lives of ideally large communitites (...) and must make sense to most, ideally to those that have a stake on them" - Meaning
Attributing meaning to something follows from sensing it, and is a prelude to action. "One always acts according to the meaning of whatever one faces" (pp. 58). Meanings are always someone's construction and depend on context and culture. The same artifact may invoke different meanings in different times and places and for different stakeholders. Designers as a consequence need to get involved into second order understanding: understand each stakeholder understanding of artifacts in order to design artifacts successfully. Since meanings of others cannot be observed directly, designers need to carefully observe actions that imply certain meanings; involve themselves in dialog with stakeholders; and invite them to participate in the design process. - cf. Klaus Krippendorff's Dictionary of Cybernetics [6]
- The End of Harry Potter?
- an unauthorised companion to the famous series by J. K. Rowling. The work was published after the publication of the sixth volume in the Harry Potter series, but before publication of the seventh and final volume. It contains information, extracted from the books and from Rowling's many public statements, about the wizarding world and popular theories concerning how the plot will develop in the last book.
- The Emotion Machine
- Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-7432-7663-9. Draft
- Outline
- "We are born with many mental resources."
- "We learn from interacting with others."
- "Emotions are different Ways to Think."
- "We learn to think about our recent thoughts."
- "We learn to think on multiple levels."
- "We accumulate huge stores of commonsense knowledge."
- "We switch among different Ways to Think."
- "We find multiple ways to represent things."
- "We build multiple models of ourselves."
- The Music of Life
- Oxford University Press ISBN 0-19-929573-5
- cf. Richard Dawkins, sociobiology, systems biology
- cf. Maynard Smith et al (1999) The Origins of Life: From the Birth of Life to the Origin of Language
- cf. metaphor
- University of California, Los Angeles
- Critical Theory and Information Studies: A Marcusean Infusion
- Policy Futures in Education, 2006, Volume 4, Number 1, pp. 83-89. [7]
In the field of library and information science, also known as information studies, critical theory is often not included in debates about the discipline's theoretical foundations. This paper argues that the critical theory of Herbert Marcuse, in particular, has a significant contribution to make to the field of information studies. Marcuse's focus, for instance, on `technical rationality' as a tool of domination in modern capitalist society is a useful construct for understanding how discourses of information technology are being used to perpetuate modernist notions of information and capitalist logics of consumption. It is argued here that critical theory theory and critical theory of technology have a particular relevance and salience to the study of information, and that any discipline that claims to study the creation, use, classification, and access of information simply cannot ignore the larger socio-political critiques of modern, technological society that Marcuse proposes.
- From Counterculture to Cyberculture: Stewart Brand, the Whole Earth Network, and the Rise of Digital Utopianism
- University of Chicago Press
- cf. Stewart Brand, Whole Earth Catalog (1968-72), CoEvolution Quarterly (1974) Whole Earth Review (1985), The WELL (1985)
Wilson
[edit]- Wilson, T.D. (2006).
- Review of: Annual Review of Information Science and Technology. Volume 40. Information Today, Inc., Medford, NJ, 2006.
- Information Research, xx(x), review no. R221 [Available at: http://informationr.net/ir/reviews/revs221.html]
My choice of chapter in the category of curiosity is 'Semantic relations in information science' by Knoo and Na, which is a very thorough review, even extending back to Jason Farradane's attempt to define a set of 'semantic operators' for information retrieval in the 1950s. Indeed, the 50s and 60s were a time of considerable interest in the semantic problem in information retrieval: in addition to Farradane, J-C Gardin in France was exploring the problem in a system called SYNTOL, and I vaguely recall work going on at Case Western Reserve University in Chicago. For anyone wishing to catch up with developments since then, this chapter is essential reading. I am personally dubious as to whether the Semantic Web will ever be a reality, outside some very narrowly defined fields of enterprise, but if it ever does come into being, semantic relationships among elements will be at its heart.