User:KYPark/2005
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- Information and Knowledge: An Evolutionary Framework for Information Science.
- Information Research, 10(4) paper 239. Available at http://InformationR.net/ir/10-4/paper239.html
- See also: Bates (2006), 5.1a We are free....
- An Introduction to Metatheories, Theories, and Models.
- In: K.E. Fisher, S. Erdelez & L. McKechnie, eds., Theories of Information Behavior. pp. 1-24. Medford, NJ: Information Today.
- Conversations on Consciousness: What the Best Minds Think about the Brain, Free Will, and What It Means to be Human
- Oxford University Press
- Google Preview
| Introduction | 1 |
| Bernard Baars | 11 |
| Ned Block | 24 |
| David Chalmers | 36 |
| Patricia and Paul Churchland | 50 |
| Francis Crick | 68 |
| Daniel Dennett | 79 |
| Susan Greenfield | 92 |
| Richard Gregory | 104 |
| Stuart Hameroff | 115 |
| Christof Koch | 125 |
| Stephen LaBerge | 137 |
| Thomas Metzinger | 149 |
| Kevin O'Regan | 160 |
| Roger Penrose | 173 |
| Vilayanur Ramachandran | 186 |
| John Searle | 198 |
| Petra Stoerig | 213 |
| Francisco Varela | 222 |
| Max Velmans | 233 |
| Daniel Wegner | 245 |
- David Blair
- Wittgenstein, Language and Information: "Back to the Rough Ground!"
- In: Context: Nature, Impact, And Role, Fabio Crestani, Ian Ruthven (eds.) pp. 1-4. Google Preview
- Michael D. Gordon, David C. Blair, Robert K. Lindsay: "Manfred Kochen 1928-1989: Remembrances of a scholar and a gentle man." JASIS 40(4): 223-225 (1989). DBLP
- David Blair (U. Michigan) DBLP
- Michael Gordon (U. Michigan) DBLP Home
- 2006#Blair
- Context: Nature, Impact, and Role
- Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Conceptions of Library and Information Science, CoLIS 2005, held in Glasgow, UK, June 2005 (ed. with Ian Ruthven) Google Preview
Fensel
[edit]Dieter Fensel, James A. Hendler, Henry Lieberman, and Wolfgang Wahlster, eds. (2005).
Spinning the Semantic Web: Bringing the World Wide Web to its Full Potential. Foreword by Tim Berners-Lee. MIT Press, 2005. ISBN 026256212X, ISBN 9780262562126. Google Preview
- ``The book is based on a seminar held in Dagstuhl, Germany, in March 2000.`` (p. 3)
- Berners-Lee (2005)
As the World Wide Web continues to expand, it becomes increasingly difficult for users to obtain information efficiently. Because most search engines read format languages such as HTML or SGML, search results reflect formatting tags more than actual page content, which is expressed in natural language. Spinning the Semantic Web describes an exciting new type of hierarchy and standardization that will replace the current "web of links" with a "web of meaning." Using a flexible set of languages and tools, the Semantic Web will make all available information—display elements, metadata, services, images, and especially content—accessible. The result will be an immense repository of information accessible for a wide range of new applications.
This first handbook for the Semantic Web covers, among other topics, software agents that can negotiate and collect information, markup languages that can tag many more types of information in a document, and knowledge systems that enable machines to read Web pages and determine their reliability. The truly interdisciplinary Semantic Web combines aspects of artificial intelligence, markup languages, natural language processing, information retrieval, knowledge representation, intelligent agents, and databases.
Fisk
[edit]Robert Fisk (2005).
The Great War for Civilisation: The Conquest of the Middle East. Fourth Estate.
- Metaphor, Metonymy, and Experientialist Philosophy: Challenging Cognitive Semantics
- Walter de Gruyter, GmbH & Co.
- http://books.google.com/books?id=OW56-7O3UrsC
- Criticism of George Lakoff & Mark Johnson (1980) Metaphors We Live By, experientialism, etc.
- An Index to Quantify an Individual's Scientific Research Output
- PNAS, 102(46): 16569–16572.
- h-index
- ``The h-index can be manually determined using free Internet databases, such as Google Scholar. Subscription-based databases such as Scopus and the Web of Knowledge provide automated calculators. Each database is likely to produce a different h for the same scholar, because of different coverage in each DB: Google Scholar has more citations than Scopus and Web of Science but each of their smaller citation collections tends to be more accurate.``
- ``The h-index does not consider the context of citations. For example, citations in a paper are often made simply to flesh-out an introduction, otherwise having no other significance to the work. h also does not resolve other contextual instances: citations made in a negative context and citations made to fraudulent or retracted work. (This is true for other metrics using citations, not just for the h-index.)``
- Michael Wendl (2007). "H-index: however ranked, citations need context". Nature 449(7161): 403.
Lai
[edit]- Kuei-Kuei Lai and Shiao-Jun Wu
- Using the patent co-citation approach to establish a new patent classification system
- Information Processing and Management, Vol. 41, Iss. 2 (March 2005) pp. 313-330.
The paper proposes a new approach to create a patent classification system to replace the IPC or UPC system for conducting patent analysis and management. The new approach is based on co-citation analysis of bibliometrics. The traditional approach for management of patents, which is based on either the IPC or UPC, is too general to meet the needs of specific industries. In addition, some patents are placed in incorrect categories, making it difficult for enterprises to carry out R&D planning, technology positioning, patent strategy-making and technology forecasting. Therefore, it is essential to develop a patent classification system that is adaptive to the characteristics of a specific industry. The analysis of this approach is divided into three phases. Phase I selects appropriate databases to conduct patent searches according to the subject and objective of this study and then select basic patents. Phase II uses the co-cited frequency of the basic patent pairs to assess their similarity. Phase III uses factor analysis to establish a classification system and assess the efficiency of the proposed approach. The main contribution of this approach is to develop a patent classification system based on patent similarities to assist patent manager in understanding the basic patents for a specific industry, the relationships among categories of technologies and the evolution of a technology category.
- Digital Searching to Digital Reading
- presentation at LITA session at American Library Association conference, Chicago 2005.
Everything Digital "every child can stretch a hand across a keyboard and reach every book ever written, every painting ever painted, every symphony ever composed." -- Bill Clinton's State of the Union message, January 1998.
Similarly: H. G. Wells, World Brain, "There is no practical obstacle whatever now to the creation of an efficient index to all human knowledge, ideas and achievements, to the creation, that is, of a complete planetary memory for all mankind."
"If the human race has produced since the invention of movable type a total record, in the form of magazines, newspapers, books, tracts, advertising blurbs, correspondence, having a volume corresponding to a billion books, the whole affair, assembled and compressed, could be lugged off in a moving van." -- Vannevar Bush, As We May Think.
Some think online reading is bad. COMMENTARY Google and God's Mind
The problem is, information isn't knowledge.(by Michael Gorman, president-elect of the American Library Association).
``The nub of the matter lies in the distinction between information (data, facts, images, quotes and brief texts that can be used out of context) and recorded knowledge (the cumulative exposition found in scholarly and literary texts and in popular nonfiction).
When it comes to information, a snippet from Page 142 might be useful. When it comes to recorded knowledge, a snippet from Page 142 must be understood in the light of pages 1 through 141 or the text was not worth writing and publishing in the first place.``From the Los Angeles Times.... (December 17, 2004)
Shneiderman & Marchionini 1988 "Today's electronic retrieval systems . . . focus on coding, indexing, and cross-referencing (organization for retrieval) rather than on meaning, readability, and assimilation (organization for understanding)."
This was before the Web, but it was part of an argument for hypertext (specifically Hyperties).
Shneiderman has always argued for context, for systems that help people understand where they are in a task.
Conclusion Large collections are coming (whether they will help quality is doubtful, but they will contain a lot of new information).
We need an interface oriented towards large books.
We still haven't explored the selection of materials in context.
We also need ways of judging bias, genre, . . .And mostly we need to measure utility.
- (links added by Wikipedia; PDF)
- The Million Book Project - Raj Reddy
- The copyright law - Larry Lessig
- See also: "Material on digital libraries" [1]
- See also: (1997), (1984), (1982), (1977), (1963)
Note that Michael Lesk is as context-sensitive as Michael Gorman, Ben Shneiderman, and perhaps Raj Reddy, formerly the Herbert A. Simon University Professor at Carnegie Mellon University, who was supervised by John McCarthy at Stanford University.
- Covert and Overt: Recollecting and Connecting Intelligence Service and Information Science
- Information Today, Medford, NJ.
- R.V. Williams & Ben-Ami Lipetz (eds).
- Ben-Ami Lipetz (2005). "Defining what information science is or should be: A survey and review of a half-century of published pronouncements" (Chapter 14) pp. 187-197.
- Ben-Ami Lipetz (1980). "Educating the information science professional." Bulletin of the American Society for Information Science, 6(4), 21-22.
- The Extended Mind Model of the Origin of Language and Culture
- In: Nathalie Gontier, Jean Paul Van Bendegem and Diederik Aerts (eds.) Evolutionary Epistemology, Language and Culture. Springer, 2005.
- (2007) The Extended Mind: The Emergence of Language, the Human Mind and Culture, University of Toronto Press.
- (2004) The Alphabet Effect develops the hypothesis that the alphabet, codified law, monotheism, abstract science and deductive logic form an autocatalytic set of ideas that developed uniquely between 2000 BC and 500 BC between the Tigris-Euphrates River system and the Aegean Sea.
- (2004) The Sixth Language: Learning a Living in the Internet Age.
- Marshall McLuhan, extended mind
- H G Wells' pre-internet idea of a World Brain
- http://lit4lib.sky7.us/welsworld.html
- HG Wells on the World Brain
- http://radar.oreilly.com/archives/2005/08/hg-wells-on-the-world-brain.html
- ``Commenting on my Google Library vs. Publishers piece, George Dyson sent me this great piece from HG Wells. I already reposted it to the comments on that blog, but this is enough of a relevant historical artifact that it deserves its own top level posting. (As always, George does an amazing job of reminding us all of how many of the ideas we are wrestling with are not new, just because we finally have the technology to realize them.)``
- From Knowledge to Wisdom
- Fieldnotes: A Newsletter of the Shambala Institute, April 2005, Issue 9, pp. 1-3. PDF
- cf. Manfred Kochen (1975) Information for Action: From Knowledge to Wisdom
- cf. Nicholas Maxwell (1984) From Knowledge to Wisdom: A Revolution in the Aims and Methods of Science
- The Structure of the World from Pure Numbers
- Reports on Progress in Physics, vol. 68, no. 4 (April 2005) pp. 897-964
- Frank Tipler#The quantum gravity Theory of Everything
- Omega Point (Tipler)#The Omega Point and the quantum gravity Theory of Everything
References
[edit]
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