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User:Jmleonrojas/sandbox/Guide to Free/Libre & Open & Gratis Knowledge

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'True poems of cante jondo are attributable to no one at all
but float on the wind like golden thistledown
and each generation clothes them in its own distinctive color,
in releasing them to the future.'
Federico García Lorca (1898-1936): Importancia histórica y artística del primitivo canto andaluz llamado «cante jondo» (Historical and artistic importance of the primitive Andalusian song, that which is called deep song, cante jondo.). (Lecture given at «Centro Artístico» in Granada, 19th February 1922). Vid. http://gnawledge.com/pdf/granada/LorcaCanteJondo.pdf. Translated into English by A. S. (Tony) Kline, in Poetry in Translation, vid. http://www.poetryintranslation.com/PITBR/Spanish/DeepSong.htm.

Concepts

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Freeness

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Main article: Free knowledge/content
Further information: Definition of Free Cultural Works
Regarding Free software: Debian Free Software Guidelines, Free software, the Free Software Song and The Right to Read
Must-read book: Free as in Freedom (Richard Stallman, 2002) (GFDL)

The freedoms and rights with respect to free software, have expanded to the field of knowledge, filling the following widespread notion of free knowledge[1][2]:

  • Free knowledge can be freely acquired and freely used, for any purpose and without needing anyone else's permission (freedom 0).
  • Free knowledge can be customised to suit the specific requirements of the acquirer (freedom 1). Access to a free format and modifiable source file of the content is a precondition to this.
  • Free knowledge can be freely shared with others (freedom 2).
  • Free knowledge is such that it can be improved and its adapted and improved versions can be freely shared with others, so that the whole community can benefit from them (freedom 3). Access to a free format and modifiable source file of the content is a precondition to this.

Openness

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Main article: Open content
See also: Open knowledge
Further information: The Open Definition
Regarding Open(-source) software: Open Source Initiative (OSI), Open-source software (OSS) and Free and open-source software (FOSS) / Free/libre & open-source software (FLOSS)
Regarding Open(-source) economics: Open-source economics and Business models for open-source software
Regarding Open(-source) politics: Open-source governance
Regarding Open society: Open society
Regarding naming free and open-source software and their history: Alternative terms for free software and History of free and open-source software
Comparing free and open-source software licenses: Comparison of free and open-source software licenses
Must-read book: The Cathedral and the Bazaar (Eric S. Raymond, 1999) (OPL)

Openness has been usually understood to be that which satisfies freedoms 0 and 2, and occasionally freedoms 1 and 3 (so the adjective Open-source). However, the current definition (Open Definition 2.1) by Open Knowledge International establishes that data, content and knowledge can be considered open if and only if the four freedoms are met. Therefore, as it is pointed out in Open Definition 2.1, openness regarding data, content and knowledge matches exactly that of openness regarding software as in the Open Source Definition and is tantamount to freeness or liberty as in the Free Software Definition and the Definition of Free Cultural Works.

Open access

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Main article: Open access
See also: List of open-access journals — only 'diamond'(also called 'platinum') and 'gold' open-access journals.
Further information: Wikipedia:WikiProject Open Access, Wikipedia:WikiProject Open Access/Signalling OA-ness, and Timeline of the open-access movement
Regarding Open(-access) data: Open data
Regarding Open(-access) politics: Open government
Must-read book: Knowledge Unbound: Selected Writings on Open Access, 2002–2011 (Peter Suber, 2016) (CC BY)

Although originally, the term Open access was solely concerned with making scholarly publications available on the web, it currently stands not only for them but for any content made available to the public. Open access to knowledge must not be confused with that of openness just seen in the previous section. Open access distinguishes among the acceptance of different subsets of the freedoms 0 to 4 and even in some cases no of them — 'bronze' open access (see below).

Broad approach

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  • Gratis open access (online access free of charge) — despite being a relatively weird situation (because it can include All right reserved situations), it is most widespread
  • Libre open access (gratis open access plus some additional re-use rights usually specified by Creative Commons licenses) — Libre open access is the case in which freedoms 0 through 4 could be met, individually or in combinations

Author's self-management

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Journals

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To these must be added a new category, identified by Heather Piwowar and collaborators, consisting of those articles that are free to read online but it is not possible to reuse or redistribute them because they have been published with no license (https://www.natureindex.com/news-blog/bronze-open-access-supersedes-green-and-gold). They called this new category 'bronze' open access and what is surprising is that, in relation to the use, it supersedes the other ones.

Digital libraries & publishers

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Licenses

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Some organizations/initiatives/projects and lists of 'approved' licenses

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Richard Stallman, founder of the FSF.
Ian Murdock, founder of Debian.
David Wiley, initiator of the OCP.
Lawrence Lessig, founder of CC.

Free Software Foundation (FSF) (1985–)

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Main article: Free Software Foundation
See also: Free software license and The Free Software Definition

The licenses on this list are for free software (what free software is?), free documentation (what free documentation is?) or even for other free works in accordance with The Free Software Definition and what it is said there under the section 'Beyond software'.

Debian (1993–)

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Main article: Debian
See also: Debian Free Software Guidelines and Debian Social Contract

The licenses on this list are for free software in accordance with the The Debian Free Software Guidelines (DFSG).

Open Source Initiative (OSI) (1998–)

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Main article: Open Source Initiative
See also: Open-source license and The Open Source Definition

The licenses on this list are for open(-source) software.

Open Content Project (OCP) (1998–2003)

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Main article: Open Content Project
See also: Open Publication License

Dedicated to creating and evangelizing the concept of open content, it closed down in 2003 when David A. Wiley started working with Creative Commons.

Copyleft Attitude: Free Art License (2000-)

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Platoniq (2001-)

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Creative Commons (CC) (2001–)

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Main article: Creative Commons
See also: Creative Commons licenses and List of major Creative Commons licensed works
External links: Choose a License (the 'official' license selector), CC Factsheet, License badges and icons, Projects under development (for instance, the license selectors 'Freedoms License Generator' and 'DHTML License Chooser', about we could send comments and suggestions, for example, comparing them with the 'official' license selector; or the metadata revealing (Metadata Lab)), and Program areas
Worth-read book: Made with Creative Commons (Paul Stacey and Sarah Hinchliff, Ctrl+Alt+Delete Books, Copenhagen, 2017) (CC BY-SA 4.0)

Every Creative Commons license incorporates three layers: a human-readable text (the Commons Deed), a legal text for lawyers (the Legal Code) and a machine-readable version for bots, crawlers, search engines and other kinds of machines. We can see a demonstration of the three 'Layers' of licenses by clicking here.

Public Domain
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Main article: Public domain
Worth-read book: The Digital Public Domain: Foundations for an Open Culture (Melanie Dulong de Rosnay and Juan Carlos De Martin [eds.], Open Book Publishers, Cambridge, 2012) (CC BY 3.0)

Regarding the Public Domain, Creative Commons offers two tools, the CC0 and the Public Domain Mark.

The CC0 1.0 Universal (CC0 1.0) Public Domain Dedication
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We should use CC0 for our own work or for other person's work whenever we have the rights to do so. We should not use CC0 for works already in the public domain; use the PDM (see below) instead.

The Public Domain Mark (PDM)
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We should use the Public Domain Mark for works already in the public domain, that is to say, that are free of known copyright throughout the world. To know more:

Free Cultural Works Project (2006–)

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Main article: Definition of Free Cultural Works (DFCW)
See also: Free content license

The licenses on this list are for free cultural works in accordance with the Definition of Free Cultural Works (DFCW).

This is the most recent proposal, picking the best of the previous ones. As we can read on its history page, this project was initiated by Erik Möller and feedback was provided by Richard Stallman (of the Free Software Foundation), Lawrence Lessig (of Creative Commons), Angela Beesley (co-founder of Wikia with Jimmy Wales and a member of the Advisory Board of the Wikimedia Foundation on that date) and Benjamin Mako Hill (of Wikia) who also was a co-initiator of the DFCW.

Creative Commons licenses approved by Free Cultural Works
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External links: Understanding Free Cultural Works

Although this video (2003) promotes any CC license as does Creative Commons themselves, according to the Definition of Free Cultural Works, only the following three CC licenses meet the requisites to be considered a free cultural work:

Against 'no derivatives (-ND)' or 'non-commercial (-NC)' restrictions
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Many reasons have been given not to use the 'no derivatives' and 'non-commercial use only' licenses — like the -ND and -NC variants by Creative Commons —. There is no waste in the commentaries on non-free licenses. Why not compromise under such misleading proposals like 'no derivatives (-ND)' or 'non-commercial (-NC)' restrictions is fully explained, for instance, in the Rantifesto by Nina Paley.

Other licenses

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  • WTFPL (Do what the fuck you want to)

Contracts (and trustworthy third party)

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Creators & creations

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Less than a few creators

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Less than a few initiatives

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Searching the web

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Wide browsing

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Specific browsing

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Authorship registry

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Education

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External links: Education / Open Educational Resources (OER) (Creative Commons program area)

Humanities

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Arts

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Music (sheets, audios and more)

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Science

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External links: Creative Commons Open Science and Science Commons (Creative Commons historical)

Publishers

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See also: Creative Commons publishing companies and Open access publishers

Hardware

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Movies

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English Wikipedia categories to explore

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ Wikipedia contributors. 'Free content.' Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 8 Mar. 2019. Web. 8 Mar. 2019.
  2. ^ León Rojas, J. M. (2005). Liberalidad del conocimiento desde la cesión de derechos de propiedad intelectual. En Encuentro Internacional sobre Conocimiento Libre. II Conferencia Internacional de Software Libre. Badajoz: Junta de Extremadura. ISBN 84-689-6551-0


(TO DO / Consider / Translate / Aux ...)

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Data -> Information -> Knowledge -> Wisdom . Culture

es:Usuario:Jmleonrojas/Taller/Software_Libre_y_Conocimiento_Libre

https://drive.google.com/open?id=1gedx-RBgIgzaCr4VMYYt6zIHuW37oO7o

Quotes regarding freedom ...

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Ten fe en el Derecho como el mejor instrumento para la convivencia humana; en la justicia como destino normal del Derecho; en la paz como sustitutivo bondadoso de la justicia y, sobre todo, ten fe en la libertad, sin la cual no hay Derecho, ni justicia, ni paz. COUTURE, Octavo mandamiento para el abogado

Las únicas limitaciones a la libertad son las que el propio individuo se dictamina y el Estado, que tiene como función proteger al hombre, sin embargo, en realidad, lo coarta y lo reprime; sus leyes son inmorales porque violan la libertad individual. KROPOTKIN

La libertad de uno sólo está limitada por la libertad semejante de todos los demás. KANT

En la medida en la que nadie me puede obligar a nada, puedo afirmar que me siento libre. (Abad Grouès Pierre. El Abbé Pierre habla a los jóvenes. Camino a lo esencial. 2007, Claret, p. 86)

Juan Ruiz, Arcipreste de Hita, 1330 d.C., De cómo dice el arçipreste que se ha de entender su libro «1629: Qualquier omen, que lo oya, si bien trovar sopiere, puede más y añadir et emendar si quisiere, ande de mano en mano a quienquier quel' pidiere, como pella a las dueñas tómelo quien podiere. 1630: Pues es de buen amor, emprestadlo de grado, non desmintades su nombre, nin dedes refertado, non le dedes por dineros vendido nin alquilado, ca non ha grado, nin graçias, nin buen amor complado.»

e-pah-wah-nah (lengua de los indios tirió, Surinam) «tu me echas una mano a mí y yo te la echo a tí»

«Prenez de l'eau bénite, écoutez la sainte messe. Cela vous abêtira» (Blaise Pascal) Puede que tanto afán por la libertad y la apertura nos convierta en idólatras de facto de tal «santo de nuestra devoción». Se acumulan prácticas que descuidadas pueden mudar en hábitos devocionales. Debemos permanecer vigilantes. Hemos de invocar a la razón y no a la fe, al conocimiento y no al pseudo-conocimiento conceptualizado.

Known image restrictions

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