User:Hvn0413/sandbox
This list details national leaders since 1900 who ruled for 20 years or more, and were not self-described members of a royal family. It combines all national leader level offices held concurrently or consecutively by each individual.
Rank | Image | Name | Country | Title | Term began | Term ended | Term length |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Fidel Castro | Cuba | El Comandante First Secretary Prime Minister President |
8 January 1959[1] | 19 April 2011[1] | 52 years, 101 days | |
2 | Paul Biya | Cameroon | Prime Minister President |
30 June 1975 | present | 49 years, 132 days | |
3 | Chiang Kai-shek | Republic of China Republic of China on Taiwan |
Chairman of the National Government Premier Director-General of the Kuomintang Generalissimo President |
9 July 1926 (1st time) |
14 August 1927 (1st time) |
48 years, 46 days (22 years, 296 days in Mainland China) (25 years, 116 days on Taiwan)[Note 1] | |
4 | Kim Il-sung | North Korea | Chairman of the North Korea Bureau of the Communist Party of Korea Chairman of the Provisional People's Committee General Secretary Premier President[Note 2] Generalissimo |
9 September 1948 | 8 July 1994 | 45 years, 302 days | |
5 | Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal | Mongolian People's Republic | General Secretary Prime Minister President |
8 April 1940 | 23 August 1984 | 44 years, 137 days | |
6 | Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo | Equatorial Guinea | Chairman of the Supreme Military Council President |
3 August 1979 | present | 45 years, 98 days | |
7 | Omar Bongo | Gabon | Acting President President |
12 November 1966 | 6 May 2009 | 42 years, 175 days | |
8 | Ali Khamenei | Iran | President Supreme Leader |
13 October 1981 | present | 43 years, 27 days | |
9 | Muammar Gaddafi | Libyan Arab Republic Libyan Arab Jamahiriya |
Brotherly Leader and Guide of the Revolution Chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council Secretary General of the General People's Congress Prime Minister |
1 September 1969 | 23 August 2011[Note 3] | 41 years, 356 days | |
10 | Enver Hoxha | Democratic Government of Albania People's Republic of Albania People's Socialist Republic of Albania |
Prime Minister First Secretary |
22 October 1944 | 11 April 1985 | 40 years, 169 days | |
11 | Mohamed Abdelaziz | Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic | General Secretary President |
30 August 1976 | 31 May 2016 | 39 years, 275 days | |
12 | Denis Sassou Nguesso | People's Republic of the Congo Republic of the Congo |
President of the Central Committee State President |
8 February 1979 (1st time) |
31 August 1992 (1st time) |
40 years, 220 days | |
13 | Francisco Franco | Spanish State | Generalísimo Head of State Caudillo Prime Minister |
1 October 1936 | 20 November 1975 | 39 years, 50 days | |
14 | Hun Sen | People's Republic of Kampuchea State of Cambodia Cambodia |
Prime Minister | 26 December 1984 | 22 August 2023 | 38 years, 239 days | |
15 | Éamon de Valera | Irish Republic Irish Free State Ireland |
President of Dáil Éireann President of the Republic President of the Executive Council Taoiseach President |
1 April 1919 (1st time) |
9 January 1922 (1st time) |
38 years, 199 days | |
16 | Gnassingbé Eyadéma | Togo | Chairman of military junta President |
14 January 1967 | 5 February 2005 | 38 years, 22 days | |
17 | José Eduardo dos Santos | People's Republic of Angola Angola |
President and Chairman of the MPLA State President |
10 September 1979 | 26 September 2017[Note 4] | 38 years, 16 days | |
18 | Yoweri Museveni | Uganda | President | 26 January 1986 | present | 38 years, 288 days | |
19 | Robert Mugabe | Zimbabwe | Prime Minister Party President and First Secretary State President |
18 April 1980 | 21 November 2017 | 37 years, 217 days | |
20 | Josip Broz Tito | Democratic Federal Yugoslavia Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia |
General Secretary/President of the Presidency of the Central Committee Prime Minister President Marshal |
29 November 1943 | 4 May 1980 | 36 years, 157 days | |
21 | António de Oliveira Salazar | Second Portuguese Republic | Prime Minister | 5 July 1932 | 25 September 1968 | 36 years, 82 days | |
22 | Todor Zhivkov | People's Republic of Bulgaria | General Secretary Prime Minister Chairman of the State Council |
4 March 1954 | 17 November 1989 | 35 years, 258 days | |
23 | Alfredo Stroessner | Paraguay | Commander in Chief President |
5 May 1954 | 3 February 1989 | 34 years, 274 days | |
24 | Félix Houphouët-Boigny | Côte d'Ivoire | Prime Minister President |
1 May 1959 | 7 December 1993 | 34 years, 220 days | |
22–25 | Sonam Topgay Dorji | Bhutan | Chief Minister | 1917 | 1952 | 34 years, 1 day to 35 years, 364 days | |
25 | Ali Abdullah Saleh | North Yemen Yemen |
President of North Yemen President |
24 June 1978 | 25 February 2012 | 33 years, 222 days[Note 5] (21 years, 279 days after unification) | |
26 | Dawda Jawara | The Gambia | Prime Minister President |
12 June 1962 | 22 July 1994 | 32 years, 40 days | |
27 | Phạm Văn Đồng | North Vietnam Vietnam |
Prime Minister | 20 September 1955 | 18 June 1987 | 31 years, 271 days (10 years, 351 days after unification) | |
28 | János Kádár | Hungarian People's Republic | General Secretary Prime Minister |
25 October 1956 | 27 May 1988 | 31 years, 215 days | |
29 | Habib Bourguiba | Tunisia | Prime Minister President |
11 April 1956 | 7 November 1987 | 31 years, 210 days | |
30 | Lee Kuan Yew | Singapore | Prime Minister | 5 June 1959 | 28 November 1990 | 31 years, 176 days[Note 6] | |
31 | Mobutu Sese Seko | Democratic Republic of the Congo Zaire |
President | 24 November 1965 | 16 May 1997 | 31 years, 173 days | |
32 | Hastings Kamuzu Banda | Malaŵi | Prime Minister President |
1 February 1963 | 21 May 1994 | 31 years, 109 days | |
33 | Rafael Trujillo | Dominican Republic | President Generalísimo |
3 March 1930 | 30 May 1961 | 31 years, 88 days | |
34 | Suharto | Indonesia | President | 12 March 1967 | 21 May 1998 | 31 years, 70 days | |
35 | Emomali Rahmon | Tajikistan | Acting Chairman of the Supreme Council Chairman of the Supreme Council President |
19 November 1992 | present | 31 years, 356 days | |
36 | Urho Kekkonen | Finland | Prime Minister President |
17 March 1950 (1st time) |
17 November 1953 (1st time) |
30 years, 342 days | |
37 | Joseph Stalin | Soviet Union | General Secretary Premier Marshal |
3 April 1922 | 5 March 1953 | 30 years, 336 days | |
38 | Isaias Afwerki | Eritrea | President[Note 7] | 23 May 1993 | present | 31 years, 170 days | |
39 | Idriss Déby | Chad | President of the Patriotic Salvation Movement President of the Council of State President |
2 December 1990 | 20 April 2021 | 30 years, 139 days | |
40 | Porfirio Díaz | Mexico | President |
28 November 1876 (1st time) |
6 December 1876 (1st time) |
30 years, 106 days | |
41 | Abdou Diouf | Senegal | Prime Minister President |
26 February 1970 | 1 April 2000 | 30 years, 35 days | |
42 | Maumoon Abdul Gayoom | Maldives | President | 11 November 1978 | 11 November 2008 | 30 years, 0 days | |
43 | Omar al-Bashir | Sudan | President of the Revolutionary Command Council for National Salvation President |
30 June 1989 | 11 April 2019 | 29 years, 285 days | |
44 | Hafez al-Assad | Syria | Prime Minister President |
21 November 1970 | 10 June 2000 | 29 years, 202 days | |
45 | Hosni Mubarak | Egypt | Prime Minister President |
7 October 1981 | 11 February 2011 | 29 years, 127 days | |
46 | Alexander Lukashenko | Belarus | President[Note 8] | 20 July 1994 | present | 30 years, 112 days | |
47 | Haxhi Lleshi | People's Republic of Albania People's Socialist Republic of Albania |
Chairman of the Presidium of the People's Assembly | 1 August 1953 | 21 November 1982 | 29 years, 112 days | |
48 | İsmet İnönü | Turkey | Prime Minister President |
1 November 1923 (1st time) |
22 November 1924 (1st time) |
28 years, 180 days | |
49 | Mathieu Kérékou | Dahomey People's Republic of Benin Benin |
President |
26 October 1972 (1st time) |
4 April 1991 (1st time) |
28 years, 162 days | |
50 | France-Albert René | Seychelles | Prime Minister President |
29 June 1976 | 14 July 2004 | 28 years, 15 days | |
51 | Ne Win | Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma | Prime Minister Chairman of the Union Revolutionary Council Party Chairman President |
29 October 1958 (1st time) |
4 April 1960 (1st time) |
27 years, 301 days | |
52 | William Tubman | Liberia | President | 3 January 1944 | 23 July 1971 | 27 years, 201 days | |
53 | Kamisese Mara | Fiji | Prime Minister President |
10 October 1970 (1st time) |
13 April 1987 (1st time) |
27 years, 165 days | |
54 | Sir Colville Young | Belize | Governor-General | 17 November 1993 | 30 April 2021 | 27 years, 164 days | |
55 | Mehmet Shehu | People's Republic of Albania People's Socialist Republic of Albania |
Prime Minister | 20 July 1954 | 18 December 1981 | 27 years, 151 days | |
56 | Nursultan Nazarbayev | Kazakhstan | President[Note 9] | 16 December 1991 | 20 March 2019 | 27 years, 94 days | |
57 | Sir Anerood Jugnauth | Mauritius | Prime Minister President |
16 June 1982 (1st time) |
22 December 1995 (1st time) |
27 years, 50 days | |
58 | Paul Eyschen | Luxembourg | Prime Minister | 22 September 1888 | 11 October 1915 | 27 years, 19 days | |
59 | Blaise Compaoré | Burkina Faso | President of the Popular Front and Head of State President |
15 October 1987 | 31 October 2014 | 27 years, 16 days | |
60 | Kenneth Kaunda | Zambia | President | 24 October 1964 | 2 November 1991 | 27 years, 9 days | |
61 | Mikhail Kalinin | Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic Soviet Union |
Chairman of the Central Executive Committee (RSFSR) Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the Congress of Soviets (All-Union) Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet |
30 March 1919 | 19 March 1946 | 26 years, 354 days (3 years, 275 days as head of state of the partially-recognized RSFSR) | |
62 | Mao Zedong | People's Republic of China | Chairman of the Communist Party Chairman of the Central Military Commission Paramount Leader |
1 October 1949 | 9 September 1976 | 26 years, 344 days | |
63 | Zhou Enlai | People's Republic of China | Premier | 1 October 1949 | 8 January 1976 | 26 years, 99 days | |
64 | Pedro Pires | Cape Verde Cabo Verde |
Prime Minister President |
8 July 1975 (1st time) |
4 April 1991 (1st time) |
26 years, 76 days | |
65 | Daniel Ortega | Nicaragua | Coordinator of the Junta of National Reconstruction[Note 10] President |
4 March 1981 (1st time) |
25 April 1990 (1st time) |
26 years, 356 days | |
66 | Lê Duẩn | North Vietnam Vietnam |
First Secretary General Secretary |
10 September 1960 | 10 July 1986 | 25 years, 303 days (10 years, 8 days after unification) | |
67 | Ahmed Sékou Touré | Guinea | President | 2 October 1958 | 26 March 1984 | 25 years, 176 days | |
68 | Willi Stoph | German Democratic Republic | Prime Minister Chairman of the State Council |
21 September 1964 | 13 November 1989 | 25 years, 53 days | |
69 | Islam Karimov | Uzbekistan | President[Note 11] | 1 September 1991 | 2 September 2016 | 25 years, 1 day | |
70 | Carl von In der Maur | Liechtenstein | Governor |
23 September 1884 (1st time) |
5 September 1892 (1st time) |
24 years, 324 days | |
71 | Óscar Carmona | Ditadura Nacional Second Portuguese Republic |
Prime Minister President |
9 July 1926 | 18 April 1951 | 24 years, 283 days | |
72 | Nicolae Ceaușescu | Socialist Republic of Romania | General Secretary Conducător Head of State (President) President of the State Council |
22 March 1965 | 22 December 1989 | 24 years, 275 days | |
73 | Lansana Conté | Guinea | Chairman of the Military Committee of National Restoration President |
5 April 1984 | 22 December 2008 | 24 years, 261 days | |
74 | Miklós Horthy | Kingdom of Hungary | Regent | 1 March 1920 | 15 October 1944 | 24 years, 228 days | |
75 | Ismaïl Omar Guelleh | Djibouti | President | 8 May 1999 | present | 25 years, 185 days | |
76 | Daniel arap Moi | Kenya | Acting President President |
22 August 1978 | 30 December 2002 | 24 years, 130 days | |
77 | Vladimir Putin | Russia | Prime Minister President[Note 12] |
9 August 1999 | present | 25 years, 92 days | |
78 | Mahathir Mohamad | Malaysia | Prime Minister |
16 July 1981 (1st time) |
31 October 2003 (1st time) |
24 years, 38 days | |
79 | João Bernardo Vieira | Guinea-Bissau | Prime Minister President |
22 September 1978 (1st time) |
14 May 1984 (1st time) |
24 years, 13 days | |
80 | Ho Chi Minh | North Vietnam | Prime Minister President Chairman of the Workers' Party First Secretary |
2 September 1945 | 2 September 1969 | 24 years, 0 days | |
81 | Józef Cyrankiewicz | Polish People's Republic | Prime Minister Chairman of the Council of State |
6 February 1947 (1st time) |
20 November 1952 (1st time) |
23 years, 298 days | |
82 | Saddam Hussein | Iraq | Prime Minister President |
16 July 1979 | 9 April 2003 | 23 years, 267 days | |
83 | Paul Kagame | Rwanda | President[Note 13] | 22 April 2000 | present | 24 years, 201 days | |
84 | Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya | Mauritania | Prime Minister Head of State and Chairman of the Military Committee for National Salvation President |
25 April 1981 (1st time) |
8 March 1984 (1st time) |
23 years, 187 days | |
85 | Hage Geingob | Namibia | Prime Minister President[Note 14] |
21 March 1990 (1st time) |
28 August 2002 (1st time) |
24 years, 135 days | |
86 | Bashar al-Assad | Syria | President | 17 July 2000 | present | 24 years, 115 days | |
87 | Zine El Abidine Ben Ali | Tunisia | Prime Minister President |
2 October 1987 | 14 January 2011 | 23 years, 104 days | |
88 | Julius Nyerere | Tanganyika Tanzania |
Prime Minister President |
9 December 1961 (1st time) |
22 January 1962 (1st time) |
23 years, 10 days | |
89 | Walter Ulbricht | German Democratic Republic | First Secretary Chairman of the State Council |
25 July 1950 | 1 August 1973 | 23 years, 7 days | |
90 | Didier Ratsiraka | Malagasy Republic Democratic Republic of Madagascar Madagascar |
President of the Supreme Revolutionary Council President |
15 June 1975 (1st time) |
27 March 1993 (1st time) |
23 years, 6 days | |
91 | Tage Erlander | Sweden | Prime Minister | 11 October 1946 | 14 October 1969 | 23 years, 3 days | |
92 (tie) | Ahmadou Ahidjo | Cameroun Cameroon |
Prime Minister President |
1 January 1960 | 6 November 1982 | 22 years, 309 days | |
Konstantinos Karamanlis | Kingdom of Greece Greece |
Prime Minister President |
6 October 1955 (1st time) |
5 March 1958 (1st time) |
22 years, 309 days | ||
94 | Joaquín Balaguer | Dominican Republic | President President of the Council of State junta[Note 15] |
30 May 1961 (1st time) |
16 January 1962 (1st time) |
22 years, 277 days | |
95 | Ralph Gonsalves | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | Prime Minister | 29 March 2001 | present | 23 years, 225 days | |
96 | Yahya Jammeh | The Gambia | Chairman of the Armed Forces Provisional Ruling Council President |
22 July 1994 | 21 January 2017 | 22 years, 183 days | |
97 | Tuila'epa Sa'ilele Malielegaoi | Samoa | Prime Minister | 23 November 1998 | 24 May 2021[Note 16] | 22 years, 182 days | |
98 | Keith Mitchell | Grenada | Prime Minister |
22 June 1995 (1st time) |
9 July 2008 (1st time) |
22 years, 141 days | |
99 | Barkat Gourad Hamadou | Djibouti | Prime Minister | 2 October 1978 | 7 March 2001 | 22 years, 156 days | |
100 | Nicola Canali | Vatican | President of the Governatorate | 20 March 1939 | 3 August 1961 | 22 years, 136 days | |
101 | Moussa Traoré | Mali | Chairman of the Military Committee for National Liberation Head of State President |
19 November 1968 | 26 March 1991 | 22 years, 127 days | |
102 | Benito Mussolini | Italy Italian Social Republic |
Prime Minister Duce |
31 October 1922 (1st time) |
25 July 1943 (1st time) |
22 years, 116 days | |
103 | Leonid Brezhnev | Soviet Union | General Secretary Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet |
7 May 1960 (1st time) |
15 July 1964 (1st time) |
22 years, 96 days | |
104 | Manuel Estrada Cabrera | Guatemala | President | 8 February 1898 | 15 April 1920 | 22 years, 67 days | |
105 | Sam Hinds | Guyana | Prime Minister President |
9 October 1992 (1st time) |
17 March 1997 (1st time) |
21 years, 308 days | |
106 | Hassan Gouled Aptidon | Djibouti | Prime Minister President |
27 June 1977 | 8 May 1999 | 21 years, 285 days | |
107 | Sukarno | Indonesia | President | 18 August 1945 | 12 March 1967 | 21 years, 206 days | |
108 | Artur Rasizade | Azerbaijan | Prime Minister |
20 July 1996 (1st time) |
4 August 2003 (1st time) |
21 years, 183 days | |
109 | William Lyon Mackenzie King | Canada | Prime Minister |
29 December 1921 (1st time) |
28 June 1926 (1st time) |
21 years, 154 days | |
110 | Siad Barre | Somali Democratic Republic | President of the Supreme Revolutionary Council President |
21 October 1969 | 26 January 1991 | 21 years, 97 days | |
111 | Meles Zenawi | Transitional Government of Ethiopia Ethiopia |
Acting President Prime Minister |
28 May 1991 | 20 August 2012 | 21 years, 84 days | |
112 | Paul Kruger | South African Republic | Member of the Triumvirate State President |
8 August 1881 | 31 May 1902 | 20 years, 296 days | |
113 | Juvénal Habyarimana | Rwanda | President | 5 July 1973 | 6 April 1994 | 20 years, 275 days | |
114 | Gustáv Husák | Czechoslovakia | First Secretary President |
17 April 1969 | 10 December 1989 | 20 years, 237 days | |
115 | Manuel Pinto da Costa | São Tomé and Príncipe | President |
12 July 1975 (1st time) |
4 March 1991 (1st time) |
20 years, 235 days | |
116 | Kim Yong-nam | North Korea | Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly[Note 2] | 5 September 1998 | 11 April 2019 | 20 years, 218 days | |
117 | Leabua Jonathan | Lesotho | Prime Minister | 7 July 1965 | 20 January 1986 | 20 years, 197 days | |
118 | Léopold Sédar Senghor | Senegal | President | 6 September 1960 | 31 December 1980 | 20 years, 116 days | |
119 | Pierre Werner | Luxembourg | Prime Minister |
2 March 1959 (1st time) |
15 June 1974 (1st time) |
20 years, 109 days | |
120 | Dame Pearlette Louisy | Saint Lucia | Governor-General | 19 September 1997 | 31 December 2017 | 20 years, 103 days | |
121 | Pál Losonczi | Hungarian People's Republic | Chairman of the Presidential Council | 14 April 1967 | 25 June 1987 | 20 years, 72 days | |
122 | Ferdinand Marcos | Philippines | President | 30 December 1965 | 25 February 1986 | 20 years, 57 days | |
123 | Hammer DeRoburt | Nauru | President |
31 January 1968 (1st time) |
22 December 1976 (1st time) |
20 years, 31 days | |
124 | Eddie Fenech Adami | Malta | Prime Minister President |
12 May 1987 (1st time) |
28 October 1996 (1st time) |
20 years, 3 days | |
125 | Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson | Iceland | President | 1 August 1996 | 1 August 2016 | 20 years, 0 days |
See also
[edit]- List of longest-reigning monarchs
- List of current reigning monarchs by length of reign
- List of current state leaders by date of assumption of office
- List of oldest living state leaders
- President for Life
- Strongman (politics)
Notes
[edit]- ^ After the first time Chiang Kai-shek stepped down in December 1931, his power was shared by Hu Hanmin, Wang Jingwei, and Lin Sen among others. After the second time he left his state position in January 1949, Chiang was succeeded by then-Vice President Li Zongren. However, Chiang was still the de facto leader of Mainland China until he and the Kuomintang moved to Taiwan in December 1949.
- ^ a b The late Kim Il-sung has been designated "Eternal President of the Republic" and the post of President has formally not been filled since his death on 8 July 1994. However, effectively his son Kim Jong-il and grandson Kim Jong-un have succeeded him as dictators.
- ^ For purposes of this article, 23 August 2011 is considered to be the date that Gaddafi left office. Other dates might have been chosen.
- On 15 July 2011, at a meeting in Istanbul, more than 30 governments, including the United States, withdrew recognition from Gaddafi's government and recognised the National Transitional Council (NTC) as the legitimate government of Libya.
- On 23 August 2011, during the Battle of Tripoli, Gaddafi lost effective political and military control of Tripoli after his compound was captured by rebel forces.
- On 25 August 2011, the Arab League proclaimed the anti-Gaddafi National Transitional Council to be "the legitimate representative of the Libyan state".
- On 20 October 2011, Gaddafi was captured and killed near his hometown of Sirte.
- In a ceremony on 23 October 2011, officials of the interim National Transitional Council declared, "We declare to the whole world that we have liberated our beloved country, with its cities, villages, hill-tops, mountains, deserts and skies."
- ^ Dos Santos was President of the ruling MPLA (Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola) from 20 September 1979 – 7 September 2018.
- ^ Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi served as Acting President from 4 June 2011 – 23 September 2011 and again from 23 November 2011 – 27 February 2012.
- ^ After leaving office as Prime Minister, Lee was given the emeritus positions of Senior Minister (1990–2004) and Minister Mentor (2004–2011). Lee still had effective influence in the Cabinet until 2011.
- ^ The country gained independence from Ethiopia on 23 May 1993. Afwerki was Secretary-General of the Provisional Government from 27 April 1991 – 23 May 1993.
- ^ Disputed since 23 September 2020
- ^ Nazarbayev was First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Kazakh SSR from 22 June 1989 – 14 December 1991, Chairman of the Supreme Soviet (Speaker of Parliament and de facto head of state) of the Kazakh SSR from 22 February 1990 – 24 April 1990, and President of the Kazakh SSR from 24 April 1990 – 16 December 1991, on which date Kazakhstan declared independence from the Soviet Union. He has been Chairman of the ruling Nur Otan from 4 July 2007 – present, and has an emeritus position as permanent Chairman of the Kazakh National Security Council from 12 July 2018 – present. He resigned as President of Kazakhstan on 20 March 2019.
- ^ Ortega was the Coordinator of the Nicaraguan Junta of National Reconstruction (effectively the head of state) from 4 March 1981 to 10 January 1985; he was then President from 10 January 1985 – 25 April 1990 and 10 January 2007 – present.
- ^ Karimov was First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Uzbek SSR from 23 June 1989 – 3 November 1991, and President of the Uzbek SSR from 24 March 1990 – 1 September 1991, on which date Uzbekistan declared independence from the Soviet Union.
- ^ Putin was Prime Minister of Russia from 9 August 1999 to 7 May 2000 and Acting President from 31 December 1999 to 7 May 2000; then President of Russia from 7 May 2000 to 7 May 2008; then Prime Minister again from 8 May 2008 to 7 May 2012.
- ^ Kagame was the Vice President of Rwanda and Commander in Chief of the Rwandan Patriotic Army while he was the Acting Head of State from 19 July 1994 to 22 April 2000.
- ^ Geingob was Prime Minister of Namibia from 21 March 1990 to 28 August 2002 and 4 December 2012 to 21 March 2015.
- ^ The Council of State junta led by Balaguer existed from 1 January 1962 – 16 January 1962, when it was replaced by the 1962 Civic-Military Junta led by Huberto Bogaert.
- ^ Disputed: 24 May 2021 – 23 July 2021. The Supreme Court ruled on 23 July that Fiamē Naomi Mataʻafa's FAST government had been legitimate since 24 May. Tuilaʻepa's HRPP government did not relinquish power until 27 July.
References
[edit]- ^ a b Depalma, Anthony (2011-08-03). "Fidel Castro News". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2011-05-20. Retrieved 2011-10-20.
External links
[edit]- Rulers.org List of rulers throughout time and places