User:Howardrford/Asia
The following table lists records of extreme temperature in territories of Asia. The elevation in metres above sea level of locations reporting record minimum temperatures is given where relevant.
^†ʘ Record observed in an area with a permanent resident population. Unless otherwise stated, this will be the case.
^†O Territory or location has no permanent resident population.
^†50 Record in the last 50 years; only given if the all-time record occurred more than 50 years ago.
Notes and References
[edit]- ^ a b Afghanistan Historical Climate Data, Center for Natural Resource Information Technology. Retrieved 1 February 2019.
- ^ This reading is possibly unreliable.
- ^ Historical Weather: Farah, Afghanistan, TuTiempo.net. Retrieved 9 June 2021.
- ^ 51°C reported at Zaranj Nīmrūz province, and 52°C reported in western Nīmrūz province are unreliable. 49.9°C reported at Farāh in August 2009 and at Bost Airport Helmand province on 24 July 1983 are unreliable.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Global Surface Summary of the Day (GSOD), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Retrieved 7 June 2020.
- ^ a b Maximum / Minimum Temperature (oC) and Precipitation (mm), July 2023, Department of Meteorology, Cyprus. Retrieved 12 June 2024.
- ^ a b This temperature was recorded at Frenaros Cyprus (approximately 3.6km SSE of Ayios Nikolaos) and should be regarded as an estimate of the temperature reached at Ayios Nikolaos on this day. Since 1977 temperature data is no longer available from Dhekelia.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Climate Explorer, The Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI). Retrieved 14 June 2024.
- ^ Lower temperatures have been reported previously at a number of stations but all are generally believed to be unreliable. In support of the stated record, on the previous day (9 February 1997) Yangon Airport Burma 690 km NNE of Port Blair reported a record low temperature of 9.1°C.
- ^ Draft Basin Management Plan for Akhuryan River Basin District, Environmental Protection of International River Basins Project. Retrieved 30 May 2020.
- ^ The lowest known temperature with a full date is -42.2°C at the same place on 24 January 1961.
- ^ Hottest Day on Record - 43.7 Celsius, hetq Online. Retrieved 21 July 2018.
- ^ a b Water Resources of Azerbaijan, ECO Geoscience Database. Retrieved 21 July 2018. Archived 10 July 2011.
- ^ a b Temperatures as low as -45°C are believed to occur at the highest elevations in the Caucasus Mountains.
- ^ Gyoytapa, Azerbaijan, 30 July 2000, Russia’s Weather Server – Weather Archive. Retrieved 30 May 2020. Archived 11 April 2014.
- ^ The reading has also been given as 2.4°C and 2.7°C but these is believed to be an error. -5°C reported at Awālī on the same day is unreliable.
- ^ Bahrain registers new heat record at 48.7C, Zawya. Retrieved 7 August 2021.
- ^ Monthly Weather Summary- February 2017, Ministry of Transportation and Telecommunications, Kingdom of Bahrain. Retrieved 22 July 2019.
- ^ The reference states the date as 14 February 2017 but the date shown is most likely correct.
- ^ The India Weather Review for the Year 1905, The Government of India Meteorological Department, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 14 July 2022.
- ^ a b Climatic Condition of the Northwestern Part of Bangladesh, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology. Retrieved 21 May 2022.
- ^ Lowest in 67 years 2.6° C temperature hits Tetulia, NewAge Bangladesh. Retrieved 21 July 2018.
- ^ a b Climate Data Book of Bhutan, 2018, National Center for Hydrology and Meteorology. Retrieved 22 July 2019.
- ^ Growing Rice in Bumthang: A Dream Realized by the Farmers, Journal of Renewable Natural Resources, Bhutan, 2007. Retrieved 19 February 2023.
- ^ The heat has got to the Himalayas, Panos South Asia Climate Blog. Retrieved 7 August 2021.
- ^ Historical Weather: Diego Garcia, British Indian Ocean Territory, El Tiempo. Retrieved 31 May 2020.
- ^ a b TXT WMO Normals, BRUNEI DARUSSALAM, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Retrieved 31 May 2020.
- ^ a b Brunei Darussalam Meteorological Department. The possible dates are believed to be correct.
- ^ Some sources have reported the same temperature from the Airport in April 1998, but this is not supported by the data record which reports 37.2°C on 4 April 1998 as the monthly maximum.
- ^ High of 40C, low of 13C in Yangon for 2003, The Myanmar Times and Business Review. Retrieved 15 August 2019. Archived 27 September 2007.
- ^ New Minimum Temperature Record (in The New Light of Myanmar, 3 February 2008), Online Burma/Myanmar Library. Retrieved 22 July 2018.
- ^ a b c Meteomanz, Meteomanz.com. Retrieved 11 February 2022.
- ^ 10th Monsoon Forum Activity Report, Regional Integrated Multi-Hazard Early Warning System (RIMES) for Africa and Asia. Retrieved 31 May 2020.
- ^ Ministry Warns of Impending Cold Front, Khmer Times. Retrieved 7 August 2021.
- ^ 7°C was reported in the northeast of the country on 25 January 2007. 7.1°C was recorded at Phumĭ Pôpôk Vĭl Kampot province (elevation 920 m) between 1 February and 15 February 1918.
- ^ April 2024: Earth’s 11th-consecutive warmest month on record, Yale Climate Connections. Retrieved 9 June 2024.
- ^ The station is located 3km southwest of Amu’er town in the county of Mohe.
- ^ 零下53℃！ 漠河破我国有气象记载以来历史最低气温纪录, sina (in Chinese; Minus 53 degrees Celsius! Mohe breaks the lowest temperature record in history since my country has meteorological records). Retrieved 12 February 2023.
- ^ -58°C reported at Genhe Neimenggu (Inner Mongolia) Autonomous Region on 31 December 2009 is probably unreliable, the temperature did not fall below -48°C at China’s official recording stations during this cold spell. -57.8°C reported at Koktokay (Keketuohai) Xinjiang (Sinkiang) Autonomous Region in January 1967 has not been officially recognised.
- ^ （中国） 新疆艾丁湖的极端最高气温（目前3破50度大关）, Typhoon BBS (in Chinese; [Temperature Data] [China] The extreme maximum temperature of Aiding Lake in Xinjiang (currently 3 stations break the 50 degree mark) ). Retrieved 14 February 2023.
- ^ This reading has also been reported as 50.7°C but 50.6°C appears more reliable.
- ^ 53.3°C reported at Toksun on 31 July 1964 is incorrect. 52.2°C reported at Sanbao Xinjiang (Sinkiang) Autonomous Region on 16 July 2023 is probably unreliable: the temperature at Gaochang around 2 km from Sanbao didn’t exceed 50.5°C on this day. 50.9°C was reported at Mangxiaohu (Mirabilite (Glauber’s Salt) Factory located in an uninhabited part of Aydingkol, a dry salt lake at the bottom of the Turpan Depression also on 16 July 2023.
- ^ Monthly Lowest Temperature, Christmas Island Aero, Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 31 May 2020.
- ^ 14.1°C reported at Christmas Island Airport on 18 June 1997 is unreliable.
- ^ Christmas Island Daily Weather Observations, Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 27 January 2019.
- ^ Temperatures reported near sea level at Rocky Point between 1959 and 1973 are believed to be generally unreliable, although 33.2°C reported on 19 November 1969 and 23 February 1970 would not be unreasonable at that location.
- ^ 17.8°C reported on West Island has not been confirmed.
- ^ Also recorded on 11 April 1998, 7 April 2015 and 23 February 2017
- ^ a b Αυτοί ήταν οι πιο παγωμένοι χειμώνες της Κύπρου, Reporter (in Greek; These were the coldest winters in Cyprus). Retrieved 3 May 2023. Archived 20 November 2019.
- ^ -15°C was reported at Trikoukkiá between 1911 and 1941 but no other details are known. -16°C was reported at the summit of Mount Olympus (elevation 1936 m) in January between 1962 and 1971 (most likely 1964). -12.8°C was recorded at high elevation on
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Form to get daily summaries from synop reports, OGIMet. Retrieved 13 May 2023.
- ^ a b The Weather in February 2023, Department of Meteorology, Cyprus. Retrieved 20 May 2023.
- ^ a b It is possible Tróodos Square is a mountain resort with no permanent population. -10.7°C was recorded at Prodromos (elevation 1380 m) on 9 January 2015.
- ^ Highest-ever recorded temperature, 46.2C, clocked at Athalassa, EAC consumption also hits all-time high, News in Cyprus. Retrieved 19 June 2021.
- ^ “Mart ayı hava sıcaklığı, son 46 yılın en düşük seviyesinde”, BRTK (in Turkish; “Air temperature in March is at the lowest level in the last 46 years”). Retrieved 26 March 2022.
- ^ -5.6°C has been reported at Nicosia Airport but this now lies in the United Nations Buffer Zone. -7.0°C has been reported in the territory but no other details are known.
- ^ -15°C was recorded at 2600 m on Jabal Zubayr, a spur of Jabal Katrīnah (Mount Catherine) Janub Sinā’ (Southern Sinai) governorate on approximately 13 January and 16 February 1934.
- ^ საქართველოს გეოგრაფიული რეკორდები, ucnauri.com (in Georgian; Geographical Records of Georgia). Retrieved 12 August 2019.
- ^ a b წელს ზამთარი ექსტრემალურად ცივი არ იქნება - რამაზ ჭითანავა, Mtisambebi.ge (in Georgian; This winter will not be extremely cold - Ramaz Chitanava). Retrieved 12 August 2018.
- ^ The site of the reading given in the second reference is the more general Alkhalaki municipality, which includes the village of Kartsakhi.
- ^ -42°C was reported at an elevation of 3655 m at the Qazbegi (Kazbegi) meteorological station on 14 January 1950 and in January 1983.
- ^ Temperature anomalies detected in Georgia at different times, Georgian Journal. Retrieved 21 February 2023. Archived 17 May 2017.
- ^ WMO RA Vi Tmax and Tmin Records, Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD). Retrieved 13 May 2023.
- ^ The location has also been given as Lanchkhuti Guria region, and also Poti Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti region. The temperature is possibly a little high compared to other stations in Georgia. 43.1°C was reported at Kutaisi on the same day.
- ^ Frost, rime, sleet and other winter phenomena in Hong Kong. Technical Note (Local) No. 10, Hong Kong Observatory. Retrieved 15 August 2019.
- ^ Extreme Temperatures in Hong Kong. Technical Note (Local) No. 22, Hong Kong Observatory. Retrieved 15 August 2019.
- ^ a b -6.0°C was recorded on the uninhabited summit of Tai Mo Shan (elevation 955 m) on 24 January 2016.
- ^ a b c Extreme Daily Temperatures of Automatic Weather Stations (AWS) (Annual), Hong Kong Observatory. Retrieved 10 June 2024.
- ^ Thursday February 18, 2010 , Vagaries of the Weather. Retrieved 1 June 2020.
- ^ Extremes, Vagaries of the Weather. Retrieved 1 June 2020.
- ^ Lower temperatures have been reported in Jammu and Kashmir but are believed to be less reliable: -55°C from the Siachen Glacier in the Ladakh region, -45°C in 1997 and -36°C in January 1987 at Drās (supposedly the “second coldest inhabited town in the world”), -36°C at Shyok in January 2011 and -35°C at Leh in 1991.
- ^ The reported temperature is probably rounded to the nearest 0.5°C.
- ^ Über das Vorkommen von Frost auf Java/Indonesien, insbesondere in den Pengalengan Highlands, Universität Bonn (in German; On the occurrence of Frost on Java / Indonesia, especially in the Pengalengan Highlands). Retrieved 1 June 2020.
- ^ The 1922 date is believed to be correct. A severe frost occurred here on the given date.
- ^ a b Temperatures may have reached as low as -6°C at Dieng in 2012 and 2018. -8°C has been reported near the summit of Puncak Jaya Papua province on the island of New Guinea.
- ^ 42.0°C reported at Sampali near Medan Sumatera Utara (North Sumatra) province on 16 October 1972 is unreliable.
- ^ Cantiknya Dieng yang Memutih di Suhu Hingga Minus 5 Derajat Celsius, detiknews (in Indonesian; The beauty of Dieng that whitens at temperatures of minus 5 degrees Celsius). Retrieved 22 August 2018.
- ^ Station Kheirabad-Zanjan, Islamic Republic Of Iran Meteorological Organization (IRIMO). Retrieved 15 August 2019. Archived 22 February 2007.
- ^ -38.0°C reported at Bījār Kordestān province four times between 1968 and 1977 are probably unreliable. –36.0°C has been recorded at Bījār on 21 January 1964, and at Saqqez (Saghez) Kordestān province on 12 February 1972.
- ^ Numerous readings of up to 54°C taken in Iran before 2000 are probably unreliable.
- ^ Climatological Means for Iraq, Government of Iraq Meteorological Department, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 14 July 2022.
- ^ The date is believed to be correct.
- ^ Israel in Figures 2016, Central Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 2 August 2018.
- ^ Excluding the occupied territories, the lowest temperature recorded is -13.1°C at Tel Tanim in the Bet Netofa Valley on 7 February 1950. -17.2°C was recorded on Mount Avital in the occupied territories on 15 December 2013.
- ^ a b Bitan, Arieh (1974). "Climatological Aspects in Locating Settlements in Arid Regions". Geoforum. 5 (4): 39–48. Retrieved 3 February 2019.
- ^ 54°C has been widely reported as the highest temperature recorded in Israel (and Asia) but there exist serious issues with this. The temperature was recorded on a thermograph in a Stevenson Screen at Tirat Zvi on 21 June 1942. Examination of a copy of this trace (see Bio-Climatic Atlas of Israel by Dr. D. Ashbel, Central Press, Jerusalem, 1950, p.125) actually shows the maximum point touched by the thermograph trace was 53°C, and that the trace itself was 2°C wide at this time. No explanation is known for the 1°C discrepancy, although it is likely the thermograph trace was misread. 53°C was reported at Kfar Ruppin during this same heatwave but no details of the recording equipment are known. Compared to other stations in the region, it is likely that the actual temperature recorded at Tirat Zvi on this date was close to 50°C. In the occupied territories, 51.4°C reported at Almog on 7 August 2010 was not obtained with official instruments.
- ^ Excluding the occupied territories, the highest reliable temperature recorded is 49.9°C at Sdom on 17 July [[2019].
- ^ Record-breaking temperatures in Israel July 2019, WMO. Retrieved 12 May 2023.
- ^ a b c d 歴代全国ランキング, Japan Meteorological Agency (in Japanese; Successive National Rankings). Retrieved 3 June 2020.
- ^ القيم القياسيه, Jordanian Meteorological Department (in Arabic; Standard Values). Retrieved 4 August 2018.
- ^ موجة حر آب 2010 : أعلى درجات حرارة تُسجّل في السجلات المناخية الأردنية, Jordan Weather (in Arabic; Heat wave of August 2010: the highest temperature recorded in the climate records of Jordan). Retrieved 1 June 2020. Archived 31 August 2010.
- ^ 51°C was reported at the Allenby Bridge (King Hussein Bridge) on the border with the Palestinian Territories in June 1942.
- ^ Справочник по Климату СССР, Выпуск 18, Казахская ССР. Часть II: Температуа Воздуха и Почвы, Gidrometeorologicheskoe izdatelstvo, Leningrad 1966 (Argel) (in Russian, Reference Book on the Climate of the USSR; Issue 18; Kazakh SSR. Part II. Air and Soil Temperature). Retrieved 4 April 2022.
- ^ a b c Orlovka Şyğys Qazaqstan (East Kazakhstan) region has reported an unconfirmed -62°C in 1969 and -59°C on 19 December 2012.
- ^ 백두고원(白頭高原), CyberNK.net (in Korean; Baekdu Plateau). Retrieved 9 June 2021.
- ^ -47.5°C was reported at high elevation on Baekdu Mountain in February 1984.
- ^ 함경북도 자연 – 북한지역정보넷, CyberNK.net (in Korean; North Hamgyong Nature - North Korea Information Net). Retrieved 3 June 2020.
- ^ An unconfirmed 40.9°C on an unknown date has been reported at the same place. 41°C reported at Chosan Chagang province on 16 June 1961 may be reliable but not on this date. 41°C at Musan North Hamgyŏng province is possibly reliable.
- ^ Climate of Korea, KMA (Korea Meteorological Administration). Retrieved 3 June 2020.
- ^ Hongcheon hits 41 degrees, record high in Korean history, The Korea Times. Retrieved 2 August 2018.
- ^ The temperature reached 41.9°C at an unofficial automatic weather station at Gyeongju Gyeongsangbuk (North Gyeongsang) province on the same day.
- ^ Climate History, Meteorological Department, State of Kuwait. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
- ^ -6.1°C reported at al-‘Umarīyah Experimental Farm on 21 January 1964 (originally reported as 21°F and the correct date may be 20 January 1964) has not been confirmed and is not officially recognised. -5°C was reported at ash-Shiqāyā on 3 January 2009, but this is possibly a rounded figure and is not recognised as the national record minimum temperature.
- ^ Temperature extreme records: World Meteorological Organization metrological and meteorological evaluation of the 54.0°C observations in Mitribah, Kuwait and Turbat, Pakistan in 2016/2017, Journal of Climatology (doi:10.1002/joc.6132). Retrieved 12 August 2019.
- ^ A World Meteorological Organisation investigation of a reading of 54.0°C at Miṭribah on this date concluded the maximum temperature was most likely 53.9 +/- 0.1°C.
- ^ Научно-прикладной Справочник по Климату СССР; Серия 3, Многолетние Данные. Часть 1-6, Выпуск 32; Киргизская ССР, Gidrometeoizdat Leningrad 1989 (Argel) (in Russian, Reference Book on the Climate of the USSR; Series 3, Long-term Data Part 1-6, Issue 32; Kirgizskaya SSR). Retrieved 4 April 2022.
- ^ -53.6°C has been reported at an elevation of 3135 m at Ak-Say Hydro-Meteorological Station, believed uninhabited, on 20 January 1954.
- ^ Национальный Доклад о состоянии окружающей среды Кыргызской Республики за 2011-2014 годы, Ministry of Justice, Kyrgyzstan (in Russian, National Report on the state of the environment of the Kyrgyz Republic for 2011-2014). Retrieved 27 March 2022.
- ^ In various references the reading is often rounded up to 44°C with the station described as the Chüy Meteorological Station.
- ^ a b 46°C reported in the Chüy region (date unknown) is probably unreliable.
- ^ Climate SUSAMYR December 1984, TuTiempo.net. Retrieved 3 June 2020.
- ^ Плюс 40 не предел. Самым жарким июль в Бишкеке был 35 лет назад, 24.kg (in Russian, Plus 40 is not the limit. The hottest July in Bishkek was 35 years ago). Retrieved 27 March 2022.
- ^ Disaster Management System in Lao PDR, Asia Pacific Gateway for Disaster Risk Management & Development. Retrieved 3 June 2020.
- ^ May 2024: Earth’s 12th-consecutive warmest month on record, Yale Climate Connections. Retrieved 9 June 2024.
- ^ Temperatures as high as 44.4°C (reported at Savannakhet on 7 April 1974 are believed to be unreliable.
- ^ Climat du Liban (Bulletin mensuel), 1964, Service Météorologique, République Libanaise, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project (in French; The Climate of Lebanon). Retrieved 14 July 2022.
- ^ Temperatures in the 1950’s (reported as high as 46.7°C at Ḥawsh adh-Dhahab (Haouch ed Dahab) near Baʿlabakk (Baalbek) on 31 July 1957) are probably unreliable.
- ^ Climatologie de l'année 1985 à Al-Arz Les Cedres, InfoClimat in French; Climatology of the Year 1985 at Al-Arz Les Cedres). Retrieved 2 February 2019.
- ^ -20.8°C was recorded by an Automatic Weather Station at an elevation of 2834 m on the upper slope of Qurnat as-Sawda’ on 9 January 2015.
- ^ Extreme Value of some Meteorological Elements (1901-2019), Direcção dos Serviços Meteorológicos e Geofísicos, Macau. Retrieved 29 May 2021.
- ^ Resultados das Observações Meteorológicas, Julho de 2005, Direçcão dos Serviços Meteorológicos e Geofísicos, Macau (in Portuguese; Results of Meteorological Observations, July 2005). Retrieved 29 May 2021.
- ^ Resultados das Observações Meteorológicas, Ano de 2016, Direçcão dos Serviços Meteorológicos e Geofísicos, Macau (in Portuguese; Results of Meteorological Observations, 2016). Retrieved 29 May 2021.
- ^ Typhoon signal 8 hoisted in Macau, Macau News. Retrieved 7 August 2021. Archived 31 October 2020.
- ^ Four Degrees Above Freezing Point. Highlands Temperature: Cold General in Malaya, NewspaperSG. Retrieved 14 August 2019.
- ^ 0.6°C has been reported at an elevation of 3310 m at the Panar Laban Hut on Mount Kinabalu Sabah, and 1.2°C from an elevation of 3780 m in June 1992 on the same mountain.
- ^ Weather Malaysia, Malaysia Travel Net. Retrieved 14 August 2019.
- ^ Cameron Highlands coldest place in Malaysia, The Sun Daily. Retrieved 10 August 2018.
- ^ Climate Conditions in April 2016, Climate Section, Maldives Meteorological Service. Retrieved 9 June 2024. Archived 28 July 2018.
- ^ 17.2°C reported at Velana Airport (Malé) Hulhulé Island on 11 April 1978 is probably unreliable.
- ^ 43533: Hanimadu (Maldives), Time interval: 30 days before 2024/04/13,OGIMet. Retrieved 9 June 2024.
- ^ 36.8°C reported at the same place on 19 May 1991 is unreliable.
- ^ a b Монгол орны уур амьсгал, Цаг Агаар (in Mongolian; Climate of Mongolia). Retrieved 29 April 2020.
- ^ a b -56°C was reported unofficially from the Uvs Nuur (Lake Uvs) region on 31 December 1972.
- ^ Coldest Day in Mongolia, Mongolia Web News. Retrieved 30 April 2020.
- ^ Winter Thermal Comforts of Residents in the Himalaya Region of Nepal, CiteSeerX. Retrieved 4 June 2020.
- ^ -26°C reported at Thakmarpha Mustang district is probably unreliable. -23.2°C was recorded in the uninhabited Tsho Rolpa area on 16 February 1995. Temperatures of -40°C may occur in the higher Himalayas.
- ^ Compendium of Environment Statistics, Central Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 4 June 2020.
- ^ -9.7°C was recorded at a station at the summit of Jabal Shāms, elevation 3010 m, on 20 January 2015.
- ^ The India Weather Review for the Year 1910, Government of India Meteorological Department, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 14 July 2022.
- ^ a b At the border station of Khunjerab Pass (elevation 4730 m) average monthly minimum temperatures reach -22.1°C in winter, indicative of extreme minimum temperatures of -30°C or lower. -42°C has been reported on the Chinese side of the pass.
- ^ a b Pakistan’s hottest day recorded in Turbat, The Express Tribune. Retrieved 6 June 2020.
- ^ Station Name: Skardu, Mean for the Period 1961 – 1990, Pakistan Meteorological Department. Retrieved 11 August 2018. Archived 13 June 2010.
- ^ This reading was also reported as 54.0°C which is likely incorrect. A World Meteorological Organisation investigation of the 54.0°C reading concluded the maximum temperature reached 53.7 +/- 0.4°C on the day. Assuming the analysis holds for the correct temperature, it could be concluded that the the maximum temperature reached 53.2 +/ 0.4°C on the day for a temperature of 53.5°C. Due to these inconsistencies, the original reading has been maintained here.
- ^ לארשי ץרא םילקא, iloveisrael.org.il (in Hebrew; For the sake of Israel). Retrieved 15 August 2019. Archived 22 December 2016.
- ^ The highest temperature including all of the occupied territories is 51.2°C at Qalya (Kallia) on 22 June 1942.
- ^ Meteorological Conditions in the Palestinian Territory, Annual Report 2007, Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 11 August 2018.
- ^ الحرارة.. ارقام قياسية؟, Palestine 24 (in Arabic; Heat .. records?). Retrieved 23 February 2023. Archived 16 August 2019.
- ^ The highest temperature including all of the occupied territories is 49.3°C at Gilgal on the same day.
- ^ The Baguio Country Club, Baguio, Philippine Islands, The Internet Archive. Retrieved 6 June 2020.
- ^ Some sources give the year as 1903 but this is incorrect.
- ^ The Philippines’ Initial National Communication on Climate Change, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Retrieved 15 August 2019.
- ^ Colder Baguio expected as mercury dips anew, pressreader. Retrieved 13 June 2021.
- ^ Echague, Isabela Sets a New Temprecord!, Twitter. Retrieved 1 June 2021
- ^ Qatar records its coldest day ever, Qatar Tribune. Retrieved 6 June 2020.
- ^ On the Lowest Temperatures on Earth, Monthly Weather Review, January 1958, pp 6-10, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 14 July 2022.
- ^ -67.6°C was reported at Verkhoyansk Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya) on 5 February and 7 February 1892.
- ^ Weather archive in Ust-Karsk, rp5.ru. Retrieved 7 June 2020.
- ^ 43°C reported at Dombarovsky Orenburg region in 1967 is probably unreliable.
- ^ РЕКОРДНО НИЗКИЕ ТЕМПЕРАТУРЫ ВОЗДУХА В ЕВРАЗИИ, CyberLeninka (in Russian, Record Low Air Temperatures in Eurasia). Retrieved 12 January 2023.
- ^ The location is believed to be uninhabited.
- ^ a b -65.7°C reported atBatamay Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya) on 6 January 1982 is unreliable. The lowest temperature recorded at Batamay during January 1982 was -62.6°C, probably on the same day.
- ^ -64.8°C reported at Shologontsy Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya) on 21 December 1996 is probably unreliable.
- ^ القريــات:, startimes.com (in Arabic; Qurayyat:). Retrieved 5 February 2019.
- ^ The reference gives the time of occurrence as the winter of 1392 [AH] giving a possible month of January 1973. On the date shown, a temperature of -19.4°C was reported in Syria, the lowest since 1950.
- ^ Approximate date.
- ^ An unconfirmed 53°C has been reported at Shaybah in the east of the country, and 52°C has also been reported at both Biqayq (Abqaiq) (most likely 51.7°C) and Khurais.
- ^ Weather Report (February 10), NewspaperSG. Retrieved 14 August 2019.
- ^ Weather Report, Kandang Kerbau Hospital, 28th February 1902, NewspaperSG. Retrieved 14 August 2019.
- ^ 18.9°C reported at Tengah on 19 January 1965 is probably unreliable.
- ^ a b c Historical Extremes, Meteorological Service, Singapore. Retrieved 7 June 2020.
- ^ Health the hot side of cold weather, The Sunday Times Online. Retrieved 7 June 2020. Archived 1 February 2018.
- ^ -3.7°C reported at the same place on 30 July 1914 is incorrect.
- ^ Ever Recorded Daily Extreme Values, Department of Meteorology, Sri Lanka. Retrieved 7 June 2020. Archived 29 December 2009.
- ^ ! أبرد شتاء مر على سوريا منذ عام 1950, Arabiaweather (in Arabic; The coldest winter in Syria since 1950!). Retrieved 21 July 2019.
- ^ 50.0°C reported at the same place on 13 August 2019 is unreliable.
- ^ Information is believed to be correct but the original reference has been lost.
- ^ 地理志, Culture and Tourism Board of Chiayi County (in Chinese, Geography). Retrieved 22 July 2022.
- ^ -18.4°C was recorded at an elevation of 3845 m on Yushan North Peak on 31 January 1970.
- ^ Excessive heat warning issued for parts of Taiwan Sunday, Focus Taiwan. Retrieved 11 September 2022.
- ^ -15.2°C was recorded at an elevation of 3845 m on Yushan North Peak on 5 March 2005.
- ^ -63°C has been reported at uninhabited Lake Bulunqul (Lake Bulunkul’) (elevation 3765 m) also in Badakhshon province. If this reading is correct, it would make it one of the coldest places in the Northern Hemisphere.
- ^ Temperature in Tajikistan will not exceed 47*C in summer this year: Hydromet Agency official, Asia-Plus. Retrieved 10 June 2020. Archived 19 April 2015.
- ^ 48°C reported at Panji Poyon Khatlon province is probably unreliable. The highest temperature with a known full date is 46.6°C reported at Ėsanboy Rudaki district on 29 July 2013.
- ^ Weekly Weather Report During the Period 31 December 1973 – 6 January 1974, Meteorological Department, Bangkok, Thailand, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 14 July 2022.
- ^ -8°C has been reported on Doi Inthanon (elevation 2560 m).
- ^ Thailand notches highest temperature on record as 'monster' heat wave roasts Southeast Asia, yahoo! News. Retrieved 2 May 2023.
- ^ Extreme minimum temperature during winter season in Thailand 71 year period ( 1951 - 2021 ), Thai Meteorological Department. Retrieved 9 June 2024. Archived 26 March 2023.
- ^ Análise da aptidão cultural de Timor-Leste utilizando um Sistema de Informação Geográfica. Universidade Tecnica de Lisboa, Instituto Superior Técnico, Repositório do IPBeja (in Portuguese; Analysis of the cultural aptitude of East Timor using a Geographic Information System). Retrieved 31 May 2020.
- ^ Anais Meteorológicos das Colónias Relativos a 1931, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project (in Portuguese; Meteorological Annals of the Colonies Relating to 1931). Retrieved 14 July 2022.
- ^ Numerous reports of temperatures between 40°C and 45°C reported at Vikeke, Likisá (Liquica) and Manatuto are unreliable. 38.5°C reported at Manatuto in 2019 is possibly reliable, as is 38°C (unknown dates) reported at Baucau and Bobonaro.
- ^ Report on Restoration of Meteorological Network - Timor Loro Sae, Indonesia Docslide. Retrieved 27 July 2018.
- ^ a b Ekstrem Değerleri: Türkiye, Meteoroloji Genel Müdürlüğü (in Turkish; Turkey). Retrieved 11 February 2022.
- ^ -50.2°C reported at Ardahan Ardahan province on 14 January 1941 is not officially recognised. -46.4°C reported at Çaldıran Van province on 9 January 1990 is probably unreliable.
- ^ Cizre'de 49.1 derece sıcaklık ile Türkiye rekoru kırıldı, DHA (in Turkish; Türkiye's record was broken with a temperature of 49.1 degrees in Cizre). Retrieved 6 August 2021.
- ^ Доклад: эксперта от Туркменистана Акмурада Атамурадова на Рабочий Семинар ЕЭК ООН/ФАО «Незаконные рубки и торговля незаконно полученными лесными продуктами в регионе ЕЭК ООН: причины и объемы», United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (in Russian; Report: Expert from Turkmenistan Akmurad Atamuradov to the UNECE/FAO Workshop: "Illegal logging and trade in illegally obtained forest products in the UNECE region: causes and volumes"). Retrieved 6 May 2023.
- ^ Report on implementation of the UNCCD in Turkmenistan, United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification. Retrieved 10 June 2020.
- ^ This has also been incorrectly reported as being as high as 51.8°C. 51.7°C reported at Kerki Lebap region on the same day is unreliable.
- ^ UAE: Temperature dips below 0°C for second time in 3 days, Khaleej Times. Retrieved 7 August 2021.
- ^ -5.7°C was reported near the summit of the uninhabited Jabal al-Jais Ra‘s al-Khaymah emirate (elevation 1720 m) on 3 February 2017.
- ^ Get ready for 80% humidity in UAE, Gulf News. Retrieved 12 June 2020.
- ^ Higher temperatures reported are believed to be unreliable, including 52.1°C at the al-Jazira Border Gate in 2002.
- ^ Over 51°C twice in 3 days: Is this the hottest UAE summer?, Khaleej Times. Retrieved 12 June 2021.
- ^ a b Книга рекордов Узбекистана «Бератор Гроссбух», AviaTour (in Russian; The book of records of Uzbekistan "Berator Grossbuch"). Retrieved 12 June 2020. Archived 4 September 2011.
- ^ Although temperatures of 50°C and higher have been reported at Termez, the highest official reading from the city is 49.6°C on 21 June 1914.
- ^ Vì sao miền Bắc lạnh bất thường?, Vietnam Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology (in Vietnamese; Why is the North unusually cold?). Retrieved 14 August 2019. Archived 12 March 2012.
- ^ Vietnam reports new record high temperature, Tuoi Tre News. Retrieved 8 May 2023.
- ^ Sa Pa rét lịch sử -4,2 độ C, nhiệt độ Hà Nội thấp nhất 39 năm, Tuổi Trẻ Online (in Vietnamese; Sa Pa had a historic cold of -4.2 degrees Celsius, the lowest temperature in Hanoi in 39 years). Retrieved 14 June 2024.
- ^ An unconfirmed -5°C was reported at Mẫu Sơn on the same day.
- ^ Benchmark Soils of the Yemen Arab Republic. Ministry of Agriculture, Yemen Arab Republic, Wageningen Digital Library. Retrieved 18 August 2018.
- ^ The Yemen Meteorological Service reports an extreme temperature of 47°C, but no other details are known.