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CONTINENTAL AND NATIONAL TEMPERATURE RECORDS

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The following table lists records of extreme temperature by continent and by territory (via links in the table). Some of the data are known territorial temperature extremes, but the majority are merely the highest and lowest temperatures found by research. In either case, these records will always be subject to revision.

Accuracy of the Data

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Unfortunately there are many instances in which over-exposure of thermometers or transcription errors have resulted in incorrect data being treated as authentic. There are many examples of this, and there may be some of these in these tables, but an attempt has been made to remove the more obvious of them. Where appropriate, these are reported as notes to the tables.

Where available, the source of the data has been provided as a reference. For data servers, only the internet address of the main station page is given: researchers interested in obtaining the specific information must navigate from the given page to the place and date of interest.

The dates associated with temperature records are given as accurately as possible. Dating of records may differ from the actual dates of recording due to the many different sources of information used, the time of day or night that records were reached, time zone differences and the various processes associated with reporting the data. The dates given here are those obtained from the given source.

Where the precision of a temperature is known only to the nearest degree, the data is reported in these tables as such, so that a published temperature of 45°C is reported as “45°C”, not “45.0°C”.

Temperature records obtained in permanently inhabited locations are preferred

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Continental and territory extreme temperature records are occasionally obtained in regions with no permanent population (or locations inhabited solely for research purposes). Some locations (such as Dallol in Ethiopia) no longer have permanent populations but were inhabited when its record maximum temperature was obtained. Uninhabited locations may have climates that are unrepresentative of where people actually live (e.g. the top of Kilimanjaro in Africa). For this reason, extreme temperatures recorded in regions with a permanent population are preferred.

Where a continental temperature extreme record occurs in an area with no permanent population, the records for both uninhabited and inhabited locations are shown. In both the continental and territory tables, where no distinction is made it can be assumed the location where the temperature was recorded has a permanent population at the time of the record. In the territory tables, more extreme temperature records obtained in uninhabited locations (particularly those at high altitude for minimum temperatures) are given as notes.

The elevation in metres above sea level of locations reporting record minimum temperatures is given in the tables for reference.

Old and new temperature records

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Where extreme temperatures were recorded more than 50 years ago, the record for the last 50 years is also given. Direct comparisons between the two records should be made with caution as the meteorological stations reporting more than 50 years ago will not necessarily be the same as those reporting today.

NOTE: Information displayed here is still being researched. These are User Pages - if you wish to contribute to them, contact me through Talk.

Territory Lowest Temperature Highest Temperature
T°C Place Elev. (m) Date T °C Place Date
World †O-89.2 Vostok [1] 3490 21 July 1983 54.4 Death Valley (Furnace Creek Visitor Center)  United States [2][3][4] 16 August 2020
9 July 2021
†ʘ-67.7 Oymyakon  Russia [5][6] 745 6 February 1933
†ʘ†50
-64.6		 Oymyakon  Russia [7][6][8] 745 1 February 2002
Africa -25.5 Ḍāyat Hashlāf  Morocco [9] 1760 2 February 1935 51.3 Warqlā (Ouargla)  Algeria [10] 5 July 2018
†50-20.1 Buffelsfontein  South Africa [11] 1275 23 August 2013
Asia -67.7 Oymyakon  Russia [5][6] 745 6 February 1933 53.9 Miṭribah  Kuwait [12][13] 21 July 2016
†O†50
-65.2		 Ulakhan-Kyuyel’ (Malyy Tyostakh)  Russia [14][15][6] 745 January 1982 al-Baṣrah (Basra) Airport  Iraq [10] 22 July 2016
†ʘ†50
-64.6		 Oymyakon  Russia [7][6][16] 745 1 February 2002
Europe -58.1 Ust’-Shchuger  Russia [1] 85 31 December 1978 48.8 Siracusa-Monasteri (Syracuse)  Italy [17] 11 August 2021
North America †O-69.6 Klinck  Greenland [18] 3215 2 December 1991 54.4 Death Valley (Furnace Creek Visitor Center)  United States [2][3][4] 16 August 2020
9 July 2021
†ʘ-63.0 Snag  Canada [19] 645 3 February 1947
†ʘ†50-60.0 Tanana Airport  United States 250 27 January 1989
South America †O-39.0 Valle de Los Patos Superior  Argentina [20][21] 2880 17 July 1972 47.3 Campo Gallo  Argentina [22] 16 October 1936
†ʘ†50-37.0 Coyhaique Alto  Chile [23][24] 730 21 June 2002 †5047 Aguaraycito  Bolivia [25][26][27] 23 November 2003
†5047.0 Catamarca Airport  Argentina [10] 30 October 2009
Pozo Sarmiento near San Ramón de la Nueva Orán  Argentina [28] 9 December 2022
Oceania -25.6 Ranfurly (Eweburn)  New Zealand [29] 420 17 July 1903 50.7 Oodnadatta  Australia [30] 2 January 1960
†O†50-23.0 Charlotte Pass  Australia [30][31] 1755 29 June 1994 Onslow Airport  Australia [32] 13 January 2022
†ʘ†50-21.6 Ophir  New Zealand [29] 350 3 July 1995
Antarctica †O -89.2 Vostok [1] 3490 21 July 1983 19.8 Signy Research Station (Factory Cove, Borge Bay) (Signy Island) British Antarctic Territory South Orkney Islands [33][34][35] 30 January 1982

^†ʘ Record observed in an area with a permanent resident population. Unless otherwise stated, this will be the case.

^†O Continent or location has no permanent resident population.

^†50 Record in the last 50 years; only given if the all-time record occurred more than 50 years ago.

Notes and References

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  1. ^ a b c Global Weather & Climate Extremes, Arizona State University - WMO. Retrieved 8 August 2023.
  2. ^ a b Death Valley, California, breaks the all-time world heat record for the second year in a row, Yale Climate Connections. Retrieved 8 August 2021.
  3. ^ a b The readings were originally recorded in degrees Fahrenheit, 129.9°F on 16 August 2020 and 130.0°F on 9 July 2021, both converting to 54.4°C.
  4. ^ a b Higher temperatures reported at Death Valley Greenland Ranch in July 1913 are not supported by readings from surrounding stations nor by the prevailing synoptic conditions at the time.
  5. ^ a b On the Lowest Temperatures on Earth, Monthly Weather Review, January 1958, pp6-10, American Meteorological Society Retrieved 8 August 2023.
  6. ^ a b c d e -67.6°C was reported at Verkhoyansk Russia on 5 February and 7 February 1892. Cite error: The named reference "RUS2" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  7. ^ a b Climate Explorer, The Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI). Retrieved 28 January 2019.
  8. ^ -64.8°C reported at Shologontsy  Russia on 21 December 1996 is probably unreliable.
  9. ^ Relevé climatologique du mois de février 1935, in "Bulletin Officiel, Protectorat de la République Française au Maroc", 29 Mars 1935 No. 1170, Secrétariat Général du Gouvernement, Royaume du Maroc (in French; Climatological Record for February 1935. Retrieved 13 December 2023.
  10. ^ a b c Form to get daily summaries from synop reports, OGIMet. Retrieved 6 July 2018.
  11. ^ Climate Questions, South African Weather Service. Retrieved 8 August 2023.
  12. ^ Temperature extreme records: World Meteorological Organization metrological and meteorological evaluation of the 54.0°C observations in Mitribah, Kuwait and Turbat, Pakistan in 2016/2017, Journal of Climatology (doi:10.1002/joc.6132). Retrieved 12 August 2019.
  13. ^ A World Meteorological Organisation investigation of a reading of 54.0°C reached at Miṭribah on this date concluded the maximum temperature reached 53.9 +/- 0.1°C.
  14. ^ РЕКОРДНО НИЗКИЕ ТЕМПЕРАТУРЫ ВОЗДУХА В ЕВРАЗИИ, CyberLeninka (in Russian, Record Low Air Temperatures in Eurasia). Retrieved 12 January 2023.
  15. ^ The location is believed to be uninhabited.
  16. ^ -64.8°C reported at Shologontsy  Russia on 21 December 1996 is probably unreliable.
  17. ^ Bollettino agrometeorologico decadico - Provincia di Siracusa. Prima decade di agosto 2021, Regione Siciliana (in Italian; Decadal Meteorological Bulletin – Province of Syracuse. First decade of August 2021). Retrieved 29 August 2021.
  18. ^ WMO evaluation of northern hemispheric coldest temperature: −69.6 °C at Klinck, Greenland, 22 December 1991, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. Retrieved 25 September 2020.
  19. ^ Canadian Weather Extremes, Current Results. Retrieved 8 August 2023.
  20. ^ Datos extremos en el país y en el mundo, Servicio Meteorológico Nacional (in Spanish; "Extreme Data in the Country and the World"). Archived 3 August 2017. Retrieved 8 August 2023.
  21. ^ A number of unofficial readings below -40°C have been reported, the most extreme being -44°C in July 2004 at the Veladero mine Argentina (elevation 3850 m).
  22. ^ Anales Climatológicos, Tomo II, Periodo 1933-1937, Servicio Meteorológico Nacional, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project (in Spanish; Climatological Annals, Volume II, Period 1933-1937). Retrieved 20 September 2021.
  23. ^ Boletines Anteriores, Junio 2002, Sección de Meteorología del Departamento de Geofísica de la Universidad de Chile. Retrieved 8 August 2023.
  24. ^ Bajas temperaturas ponen en alerta a sector agrícola en Aysén, emol.Chile. Retrieved 8 August 2023.
  25. ^ SisMet, Servicio Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología (SENAMHI) (in Spanish). Retrieved 24 February 2018. [dead link]
  26. ^ Estudio del Balance Hídrico Para la Cuenca del Río Caigua, Villamontes (Bolivia), Universidad Católica Boliviana Sede Tarija (in Spanish; "Study of the Water Balance for the Caigua River Basin". Retrieved 9 August 2023.
  27. ^ 47°C reported from the same place on 2 November 1992 and 3 January 1998 is not consistent with temperatures recorded at nearby stations on these day.
  28. ^ Sistema Nacional de Información Hídrica (in Spanish; "National Water Information System"). Retrieved 9 August 2023.
  29. ^ a b 'New Zealand’s coldest recorded temperature – Review, World Meteorological Organisation. Retrieved 9 August 2023.
  30. ^ a b Rainfall and Temperature Extremes, Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 8 August 2023.
  31. ^ Charlotte Pass is a ski resort with little or no permanent population.
  32. ^ Daily Extremes: Highest daily maximum temperatures for Australia - 13 January 2022, Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 3 February 2022.
  33. ^ Evaluating Highest Temperature Extremes in the Antarctic, EOS. Retrieved 8 August 2023.
  34. ^ The South Orkney Islands are part of Antarctica under the Antarctic Treaty System, which includes all land and ice shelves south of 60°S latitude.
  35. ^ The highest temperature reported on the Antarctic mainland is 18.4°C at Base Esperanza on 6 February 2020.
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