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User:Howardrford/North America

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The following table lists records of extreme temperature in territories of North America, which here includes Central America and the Caribbean. The elevation in metres above sea level of locations reporting record minimum temperatures is given where relevant.

Territory Lowest Temperature Highest Temperature
T°C Place Elev. (m) Date T °C Place Date
North America †O-69.6 Klinck  Greenland 3215 22 December 1991 54.4 Death Valley (Furnace Creek Visitor Center)  United States 16 August 2020
9 July 2021
†ʘ -63.0 Snag  Canada 645 3 February 1947
†ʘ†50-60.0 Tanana Airport  United States 250 27 January 1989
 Alaska (US) †O-62.1 Prospect Creek Camp [1][2] 335 23 January 1971 36.7 Richardson near Big Delta [3][4][5] 15 June 1969
†ʘ-61.1 Fort Yukon [6][7] 130 14 January 1934
†ʘ†50-60.0 Tanana Airport 250 27 January 1989 †5036.6 Bentalit [8] 17 June 2013
 Anguilla (UK) 17.9 Clayton J. Lloyd Airport (The Valley) [9] 7 April 2003 34.2 Clayton J. Lloyd Airport (The Valley) [9][10] 10 October 2015
 Antigua and Barbuda 15.6 St John’s Antigua [11][12][13] 5 March 1894 34.9 V.C. Bird Airport (Osbourn) Antigua [14][15] 12 August 1995
†5016.0 V.C. Bird Airport (St John’s) Antigua [16][13] 2 January 1975
3 January 1975
30 January 1976
 Aruba (Neth.) 19.0 Queen Beatrix Airport (Oranjestad) [16] 30 January 1976 36.5 Queen Beatrix Airport (Oranjestad) [9][17] 16 September 2003
29 August 2023
 Bahamas 3.0 Freeport Grand Bahama [16][18] 20 January 1977 36.5 Nassau Airport New Providence [16][19] 7 June 1998
 Barbados 15.0 Waterford [20][21] 1958-1966 35.0 Bridgetown [22][23][24] 18 May 1881
†5016.1 Husbands [14][25][26] 24 December 1974
January 1975 		†5034.2 Charnocks [27][28][23][29] 26 September 2023
 Belize 5.6 Douglas d’Silva (Augustine) [30][31] 485 1966-1970 42.3 Barton Creek Cayo district [32][33] 10 April 2024
†506.1 Belmopan [34] 18 January 1976 Chaa Creek Cayo district [32][33] 17 May 2024
 Bermuda (UK) 5.2 Fort George Saint George’s Island [35][36] 50 4 February 1955 34.9 Prospect Hill (Hamilton) [37] 18 August 1931
†507.2 L.F. Wade Airport (Hamilton) [38][39] 15 January 2000 †5033.9 L.F. Wade Airport (Hamilton) [3] 20 August 1989
 Bonaire (Neth.) 18.0 Kralendijk [40][41] 19 February 1966 36.3 Flamingo Airport (Kralendijk) [42][43] 3 September 2008
†5021.0 Flamingo Airport (Kralendijk) [16][44] 16 February 1989
2 February 2008
 Canada -63.0 Snag Yukon [45][46] 645 3 February 1947 49.6 Lytton British Columbia [47] 28 June 2021
†50-59.4 Old Crow Airport Yukon [48] 250 5 January 1975
Ross River Airport Yukon [48] 705 8 January 1975
9 January 1975
 Cayman Islands (UK) 11.1 Owen Roberts Airport (Georgetown) Grand Cayman [3] 11 February 1968 35.3 Owen Roberts Airport (Georgetown) Grand Cayman [9][49] 21 July 2023
†5012.2 Owen Roberts Airport (Georgetown) Grand Cayman [3] 19 April 1983
 Clipperton Island (Fr.) †O 20 [50] 35 [50]
 Costa Rica -3 Villa Mills San José province [51][52] 3095 1942-1985 41.5 Cerro Huacalito (Filaldelfia) Guanacaste province [53][54] 23 March 2024
 Cuba 0.6 Bainoa La Habana (Havana) province [55][56] 18 February 1996 39.7 Veguitas Granma province [57] 12 April 2020
 Curaçao (Neth.) 19.0 Wishi (Cas Chikitu) [58][40][59][60] 4 February 1925 38.3 Hato Airport (Willemstad) [3][61] 12 September 1996
†5019.4 Hato Airport (Willemstad) [44][60] 9 January 2014
 Dominica 13.9 Brantridge [3][62] 440 11 March 1972 36.6 Canefield Airport (Roseau) [9][63] 28 August 2023
†5015.2 Douglas-Charles Airport (Marigot) [14] 5 February 1980
 Dominican Republic 0.0 Constanza La Vega province [64][65][66] 1220 14 January 1956
8 February 1958 		40.8 Jimaní Independencia province [67][68] 19 July 2009
†502.5 Constanza La Vega province [69][70][71] 1220 7 February 1975
3 January 1976
 El Salvador -3.1 Los Naranjos Sonsonate department [72][73][74] 1450 March 1983 44.8 San Miguel San Miguel department [75][76][77] 1 April 1958
†5044.0 San Miguel San Miguel department [78][77] May 1998
 Greenland (Den.) †O-69.6 Klinck [79] 3215 2 December 1991 25.9 Maniitsoq (Sukkertoppen) Airport [9][80] 30 July 2013
†ʘ -47.2 Kangerlussuaq (Søndre Strømfjord) [81] 4 January 1983
 Grenada 16 Mirabeau [25][82] 140 January 1984
December 1984 		34.4 Richmond Hill [83] October 1957
†5034 Calivigny [25] May 1992
August 1993
Maurice Bishop Airport (St George’s) [25] September 1997
†5034.0 Maurice Bishop Airport (St George’s) [44] 16 September 2020
 Guadeloupe (Fr.) 11.0 Caserne Bonne-Terre Saint-Claude commune [84][85] 390 16 January 1975 36.5 Baillif [86][87] 16 September 1998
United States Guantanamo Bay (US) †O 13.9 Guantanamo Bay Naval Base [3] 12 December 1981 [88] 38.9 Guantanamo Bay Naval Base [89] 2 August 2017
 Guatemala -11.5 Labor Ovalle (Olintepeque) Quetzaltenango department [90][91] 2380 January 1987 45.0 Estanzuela Zacapa department [92][91] May 1998
 Haiti 1 Seguin [93][94] 1590 8 December 1957 39.4 Toussaint Louverture Airport (Tabarre) [16] 10 June 1985
†501 [95][94]
 Honduras -0.6 La Esperanza Intibucá department [96][97] 1790 17 February 1956 43.3 La Lima Cortés department [98][99] 23 March 1987
†50-0.3 La Esperanza Intibucá department [9] 1790 23 February 2024
 Jamaica 3.8 New Haven Gap [100][101] 1705 27 December 1885 39.1 Norbrook - Shortbrook Teachers College (Kingston) [102] 22 June 2019
†506.7 Cinchona Gardens [25] 1495 January 1977
 Martinique (Fr.) 12.1 Champflore Le Morne-Rouge commune Cite error: A <ref> tag is missing the closing </ref> (see the help page). 345 11 December 2022 36.2 Chopotte Le François commune [103][104] 15 September 2010
 Mexico -30 Villa Ahumada Chihuahua state [105] 1230 11 January 1962 52 Rancho Williams (near Ciudad Morelos) Baja California state [106][107] 27 July 1995
†50-27 El Vergel Chihuahua state [108] 2740 5 February 2011 Mexicali Baja California state [109][107] 28 July 1995
 Montserrat (UK) 15.6 Plymouth (Grove Botanic Station) [110][111] January 1956 33.9 Plymouth (Grove Botanic Station) [40] 30 August 1963
†5020.0 W. H. Bramble (Blackburne) Airport (Trant’s) (abandoned) [16] 23 December 1991 †5033.0 Plymouth (Grove Botanic Station) [25][16] June 1983
12 August 1995
John A. Osborne Airport (Gerald’s) [16] 16 March 2020
1 March 2022
 Navassa Island (US) †O 19.4 Navassa Island [40][112] 80 September 1928
April 1929 		32.8 Navassa Island [40][112] July 1928
†5016 [50] †5035 [50]
 Nicaragua 5.5 Estelí [113][114] 680 December 1975 41.6 Chinandega [115][116][117] 2 April 1972
†5040.6 Chinandega [16] 15 April 1987
 Panama 2.0 Bajo Grande Chiriquí province [118] 2300 20 February 1995 [119] 40.0 San Francisco Veraguas province [118] 20 March 1998
 Puerto Rico (US) 5.6 Cayey [120][121] 425 12 February 1946 37.8 Ponce [3][122] 21 August 2003
†506.1 Adjuntas Substation [3] 560 17 March 2005
Aibonito [3] 710 30 January 2008
 Saba (Neth.) 20.0 The Bottom [123][124] 220 1971-2000 34.4 Juancho E. Yrausquin Airport (Flat Point) [9][125] 29 August 2023
8 September 2023
 Saint Barthélemy (Fr.) 15.6 Gustavia [126] December 1949 35.5 Gustavia [127][128] 5 October 2015
15 September 2023
†5018.5 Gustavia [128] 17 February 1976
 Saint Kitts and Nevis 16.0 Robert L. Bradshaw Airport (Basseterre) Saint Kitts [16] 28 January 1976
29 January 1976 		35.1 Basseterre Saint Kitts [16][129] 7 September 1987
 Saint Lucia 16 George F. L. Charles Airport (Castries) [25][130] January 1984 35.6 Reunion (near Choiseul) [131][132] 25 August 1927
Castries [16][132] 8 May 1980
9 May 1980 [133]
 Saint Martin (Fr.) 17.0 Quartier d’Orléans [134][135] 28 January 1976 36.1 Quartier d’Orléans [136][137] 22 September 1998
 Saint Pierre and Miquelon (Fr.) -22.5 Saint-Pierre [138][139] 1875 28.3 Saint-Pierre [138] 6 July 2013
†50-18.7 Saint-Pierre [138] 4 February 1975
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 16.7 Kingstown [140][141] December 1949 35.6 Camden Park [142] June 1979
†5017.2 Camden Park [25] April 1976
 Sint Eustatius (Neth.) 16.4 F.D. Roosevelt Airport (Oranjestad) [143][144] 26 February 2002 34.3 F.D. Roosevelt Airport (Oranjestad) [145] 9 October 2004
 Sint Maarten (Neth.) 17.0 Princess Juliana Airport (Philipsburg) [58][40] 3 January 1955
10 February 1966 		35.0 Princess Juliana Airport (Philipsburg) [58][16][146] 4 August 1955
15 October 1957
20 August 1980
29 August 1980
†5018.6 Princess Juliana Airport (Philipsburg) [16][147] 19 January 2000
 Trinidad and Tobago 15.0 Penal Trinidad [25][148][149] February 1975
January 1977
February 1978 		36.5 Piarco Airport Trinidad [14][149][150] 25 September 1990
 Turks and Caicos Islands (UK) 15.6 Grand Turk [40] January 1922
February 1928
January 1940 		35.6 Grand Turk [40] June 1940
†5016.0 Providenciales Airport [16] 25 January 2005 †5034.0 Providenciales Airport [16] 1 September 2019
2 September 2019 [151]
JAGS McCartney Airport (Cockburn Town) Grand Turk Island [16] 2 October 2012
10 August 2019
17 August 2019
 United States †O-62.1 Prospect Creek Alaska [152][153] 335 23 January 1971 54.4 Death Valley (Furnace Creek Visitor Center) California [154][155][156] 16 August 2020
9 July 2021
†ʘ-61.1 Fort Yukon Alaska [157][158] 130 14 January 1934
†ʘ†50-60.0 Tanana Airport Alaska 250 27 January 1989
Contiguous United States
(Lower 48) 		†O-56.5 Rogers Pass Montana [159][160] 1665 20 January 1954 54.4 Death Valley (Furnace Creek Visitor Center) California [154][155][156] 16 August 2020
9 July 2021
†O†50-56.3 Peter Sink Utah [161] 2485 1 February 1985
†ʘ-54.4 Riverside Ranger Station (West Yellowstone) Montana [3] 2040 9 February 1933
†ʘ†50-52.2 Darwin Ranch Wyoming [162] 2485 10 February 1981
 British Virgin Islands (UK) 16.1 Paraquita Bay Tortola [25][163] February 1974 35 Terrance B. Lettsome Airport Beef Island [164][163] 22 July 2016
16.7 Paraquita Bay Tortola [25][163] April 1976
 United States Virgin Islands (US) 16.1 Henry E. Rohlsen Airport (Christiansted) Saint Croix [3][165][166] 20 January 2000
21 January 2000
19 January 2017 		36.1 Henry E. Rohlsen Airport (Christiansted) Saint Croix [167] 9 September 2023


^†ʘ Record observed in an area with a permanent resident population. Unless otherwise stated, this will be the case.

^†O Territory or location has no permanent resident population.

^†50 Record in the last 50 years; only given if the all-time record occurred more than 50 years ago.


Notes and References

[edit]
  1. ^ Alaska Weather and Climate, Alaska Trekker. Retrieved 10 April 2018.
  2. ^ This is also the United States record. The camp has been used intermittently since around 1970 and has no permanent population.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Climate Explorer, The Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI). Retrieved 17 April 2018.
  4. ^ Although the reference gives the date as 16 June, the given date is most likely correct.
  5. ^ 37.8°C reported at Fort Yukon on 27 June 1915 is unreliable. At nearby stations, the daily maximum temperature on the 27th June was the lowest between the 24th and the 28th.
  6. ^ A Climatological Review of the Alaska-Yukon Plateau, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project (Monthly Weather Review, July 1934). Retrieved 13 August 2021.
  7. ^ -61.7°C reported at Circle (Circle City) (date unknown) is unconfirmed.
  8. ^ Station Summary, Bentalit Alaska, Western Regional Climate Center (WRCC). Retrieved 23 August 2019.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h Daily Summaries from Synop Reports, OGIMet.com. Retrieved 24 February 2024.
  10. ^ 35°C has possibly been recorded at the same location. 34.4°C was reported at the same location on the following day but this reading is probably unreliable.
  11. ^ Meteorological Observations taken at St. John’s Station Antigua, during the month of March 1894, British Atmospheric Data Centre (BADC). Retrieved 8 August 2021.
  12. ^ 15.5 °C reported at VC Bird Airport (St John’s) in December 1991, and 15.6°C reported at the Botanic Gardens in St John’s on 1 November 1925 are unreliable.
  13. ^ a b Temperatures as low as 11.6°C have been reported at Free Town Antigua (on 21 January 2017) but this is a new station with little history and temperatures appear low for the location.
  14. ^ a b c d Daily Data, CAROGEN: Caribbean Regional Climate Outlook Forum (CARICOF) Outlook Generator. Retrieved 22 April 2018.
  15. ^ 35.0°C reported at Saint John’s on 27 June 1935, and an undated 35°C reported at Codrington Barbuda are probably unreliable.
  16. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Global Surface Summary of the Day (GSOD), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Retrieved 19 June 2022.
  17. ^ An undated 37.2°C reported at Oranjestad is probably unreliable.
  18. ^ 1.7°C was reported at West End Grand Bahama during the same cold wave but the station is believed to be overexposed.
  19. ^ Higher temperatures reported at lower order stations are probably not reliable.
  20. ^ The Climate of Barbados, McGill University, Montreal (Canadian Meteorological and Oceanographic Society Archives). Retrieved 26 August 2020.
  21. ^ 15.0°C reported at Gibbons Boggs in January 1980 is possibly reliable, but appears too low compared to other readings on the island at the time.
  22. ^ Meteorological Observations taken at Barbados, W.I., during May 1881, British Atmospheric Data Centre (BADC). Retrieved 8 August 2021.
  23. ^ a b Temperatures exceeding 35°C recorded at automatic stations in 2022 and 2023 have not been confirmed.
  24. ^ 35.0°C reported on a number of occasions in the early 20th century are probably unreliable.
  25. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k CIMH, Caribbean Institute for Meteorology & Hydrology. Retrieved 19 June 2022.
  26. ^ 15.5°C reported at Husbands on 4 January 1996 appears unreliable.
  27. ^ MAXIMUM Temperature 1968-2023, Barbados Meteorological Services. Retrieved 15 June 2024.
  28. ^ Climate Grantley Adams, Tutiempo. Retrieved 15 June 2024.
  29. ^ 34.5°C reported at Husbands on 16 May 2007 appears unreliable, as does the entire maximum temperature record in this year.
  30. ^ A Forest Inventory of Part of the Mountain Pine Ridge, Belize, Wageningen University and Research eDepot (Land Resources Division, Overseas Development Administration, Foreign and Commonwealth Office). Retrieved 6 June 2022.
  31. ^ Low temperatures reported at the Corozal Sugar Research Station in the 1960’s are unreliable. 4.4°C was recorded at the uninhabited Sibun Hill Relay Station, elevation 930 m, in December 1968.
  32. ^ a b May 2024: Earth’s 12th-consecutive warmest month on record, Yale Climate Connections. Retrieved 9 June 2024.
  33. ^ a b 44°C reported at Central Farm (near San Ignacio) in 2011, and 43°C reported at Belmopan in May1976 have not been confirmed.
  34. ^ National Meteorological Service of Belize
  35. ^ An All Time Low, Bermuda Recorder (Government of Bermuda Digital Archive). Retrieved 27 August 2020.
  36. ^ Google Book Search, Google Books. (A Geography of Bermuda). Retrieved 26 August 2020.
  37. ^ Annual Meteorological Return, 1931. Meteorological Observations, Prospect Hill, Bermuda, The British Atmospheric Data Centre. Retrieved 8 August 2021.
  38. ^ Weather Summary for January 2000, The Bermuda Weather Service. Retrieved 12 April 2018.
  39. ^ 6.3°C reported at L.F. Wade Airport on 2 January 2009 is unreliable.
  40. ^ a b c d e f g h Climatological Data Publications, National Climate Data Center. Retrieved 19 January 2020.
  41. ^ Temperatures as low as 16.4°C reported at Kralendijk between 1962 and 1972 are probably unreliable.
  42. ^ Climatological Report 2008, Meteorological Department Curaçao. Retrieved 12 April 2018.
  43. ^ 36.7°C reported on 8 August 1998 and 12 September 1998 at Flamingo Airport are unreliable.
  44. ^ a b c Meteomanz.com, Meteomanz.com. Retrieved 9 June 2023.
  45. ^ Canadian Weather Extremes, Current Results. Retrieved 8 August 2021.
  46. ^ The village and airfield have since been abandoned.
  47. ^ Lytton, B.C. sets all-time Canadian heat record for third day in a row, Global News. Retrieved 8 August 2021.
  48. ^ a b Historical Climate Data, Government of Canada. Retrieved 13 April 2018.
  49. ^ An unconfirmed temperature of 36.5°C has been reported at an unknown location. 36.1°C reported at Grand Cayman Airport on 4 September 1966 is probably unreliable.
  50. ^ a b c d Estimated. Very little data exists.
  51. ^ Life history and systematics of Albusambia elaphoglossumae (Lepidoptera:Crambidae): A new genus and species of musotimine with leaf-mining biology from Costa Rica, Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica. Retrieved 8 August 2021.
  52. ^ The lowest known fully dated temperature recorded at Villa Mills (the highest inhabited locality in Costa Rica) is -1.0°C on 9 January 1960 and 24 January 1962, with -2°C reported in February 2001. -3.0°C was reported near the summit of Irazú Volcano (elevation 3430 m) on 15 January 1974. Temperatures as low as -9.4°C reported at high elevations are believed to be recorded near ground level.
  53. ^ Earth just had its warmest March on record, Yale Climate Collections. Retrieved 15 June 2024.
  54. ^ Higher temperatures, such as 42.0°C reported at Cañas Guanacaste province on 26 April 1952, and 43°C reported at Puntarenas Puntarenas province in April 1964 are unreliable.
  55. ^ Principales indicadores del clima, año 2016, Oficina Nacional de Estadísticas (in Spanish; Main Climate Indicators, 2016). Retrieved 14 April 2018.
  56. ^ 0°C reported at Rancho Boyeros La Habana (Havana) province in 1939 is possibly reliable.
  57. ^ Insólito: Registran 39.7 grados Celsius en Granma y 38.5 en La Habana, CubaDebate (in Spanish; Unusual: 39.7 degrees Celsius registered in Granma and 38.5 in Havana'). Retrieved 15 August 2020.
  58. ^ a b c Encyclopedie van Curaçao, Encyclopedie van der Nederlandse Antillen (in Dutch; Encyclopaedia of Curaçao). Retrieved 8 August 2021. Archived 20 November 2016.
  59. ^ 17.0°C reported at Willemstad on 9 March 1933 is unreliable.
  60. ^ a b 18.9°C reported at Sumbu (near Fontein) on 17 December 2020 is possibly reliable.
  61. ^ 38.9°C reported at Willemstad (date unknown) is possibly reliable.
  62. ^ Temperature records are only available from this station for two years. In the same month, Douglas–Charles Airport reported a lowest temperature of 17.8°C. Lower temperatures have been reported at the Botanic Gardens in Roseau but the station is generally unreliable.
  63. ^ Higher temperatures have been reported at the Botanic Gardens in Roseau but the station is generally unreliable.
  64. ^ Boletín Mensual Climatológico, 1956, Servicio Meteorológico Nacional, República Dominicana, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project (in Spanish; Monthly Climatological Bulletin, 1956). Retrieved 13 August 2021.
  65. ^ Boletín del Servicio Meteorológico Nacional, 1958, República Dominicana, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project (in Spanish; Bulletin of the National Meteorological Service, 1958). Retrieved 13 August 2021.
  66. ^ The exact date of the January 1956 reading (the 14th) is not given by the first reference but is believed to be correct. Lower temperatures reported at the same place are probably unreliable. -3.5°C reported at Valle Nuevo (near Constanza) on 2 March 1959 is probably unreliable. A temperature of -8°C has been reported at an elevation of around 3000 m on Pico Duarte.
  67. ^ Resumen Agrometeorológico para el Mes Julio 2009, Oficina National de Meteorología, República Dominicana (in Spanish; Agrometeorological Summary for July 2009). Retrieved 8 August 2021. Archived 16 July 2011.
  68. ^ Higher temperatures recorded in the Dominican Republic in the 1950’s and 1960’s are likely to be overexposed, including 43.0°C reported at Santa Cruz de Mao Valverde province on 31 August 1954, and 42.8°C at Duvergé Independencia province on 29 August 1965.
  69. ^ Resumen Agrometeorológico Enero del 2020, Oficina Nacional de Meteorología (in Spanish; Agrometeorological Summary for January 2020). Retrieved 16 August 2020.
  70. ^ Resumen Agrometeorológico Febrero del 2020, Oficina Nacional de Meteorología (in Spanish; Agrometeorological Summary for February 2020). Retrieved 16 August 2020.
  71. ^ 0.8°C reported at Constanza La Vega province on 31 March 2018 is unreliable. 1.9°C reported at Valle Nuevo (near Constanza) on 12 December 2022 is possibly reliable.
  72. ^ Frío récord en el norte de Chalatenango, elfaro (in Spanish; Cold record in the north of Chalatenango). Retrieved 8 August 2021.
  73. ^ The month is believed to be correct.
  74. ^ -4°C reported at the same place, most likely in January 1956 is possibly reliable. -6.2°C was recorded on Cerro El Pital Chalatenango department at an elevation likely over 2500 m also in January 1956.
  75. ^ Boletín Agrometeorológico Decádico del 01 al 10 de Abril de 2016, Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales (in Spanish; Agrometeorological Bulletin for the Decade 1-10 April 2016. Retrieved 8 August 2018.
  76. ^ The date is believed to be correct.
  77. ^ a b 45.0°C reported at La Hachadura Ahuachapán department in May 1979 is possibly reliable.
  78. ^ Boletín Agrometeorológico Decádico 01 al 10 de mayo de 2017, Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales (in Spanish; Agrometeorological Bulletin for the Decade 1 - 10 May 2017). Retrieved 14 April 2018.
  79. ^ WMO evaluation of northern hemispheric coldest temperature: −69.6 °C at Klinck, Greenland, 22 December 1991, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. Retrieved 25 September 2020.
  80. ^ 30.1°C reported at Ivittuut (Ivigtût) on 23 June 1915 is unreliable.
  81. ^ Technical Report 00-18: The Observed Climate of Greenland 1958-99 - with Climatological Standard Normals, 1961-90, Danish Meteorological Institute. Retrieved 8 August 2021.
  82. ^ Lower temperatures have been reported at Grand Etang (elevation 550 m) but the station appears to be overexposed. 15.6°C reported at Pearls Airport in January 1979, and 15°C reported at Calivigny in February 1986 are unreliable.
  83. ^ Monthly Weather Summary Special Issue, Caribbean Meteorological Institute, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 13 August 2021.
  84. ^ Résumé Mensuel du Temps 1975, Service Météorologique Antilles Guyane, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project (in French; Monthly Summary of the Weather 1975). Retrieved 13 August 2021.
  85. ^ 9.8°C reported at Saint-Claude in December 1996, and 7.6°C reported at a high elevation on La Grande Soufrière volcano on 2 March 2013 have not been confirmed.
  86. ^ Le Changement Climatique en Guadeloupe, MeteoFrance (in French; Climate Change in Guadeloupe). Retrieved 20 September 2019. Archived 23 March 2019.
  87. ^ 37.3°C reported at Vieux-Habitants on 6 September 2023 appears to be unreliable. 36.6°C reported at the same place on 9 September 2019 has not been confirmed.
  88. ^ Also 10 January 1956, 5 February 1958 and 20 January 1977
  89. ^ Iowa Environmental MesoNet, Iowa Environmental Mesonet, Iowa State University. Retrieved 23 August 2019.
  90. ^ Análisis de la Temperatura Ambiental y la Precipitación Pluvial en Relación con el Índice Oceánico del Niño, en Seis Zonas de Vida de Guatemala, Universidad Rafael Landívar (in Spanish; Analysis of Air Temperature and Rainfall in relation to the El Niño Index in the Six Life Zones of Guatemala). Retrieved 8 August 2021.
  91. ^ a b The date is believed to be correct.
  92. ^ Datos Meteorológicos de los Departamentos, Instituto Nacional de Sismología, Vulcanología, Meteorología e Hidrología (INSIVUMEH) (in Spanish; Departmental Meteorological Data). Retrieved 8 August 2021. Archived 23 February 2017.
  93. ^ Centre d’Études de Géographie Tropicale (CEGET) (1985). Atlas d’Haïti (in French; Atlas of Haiti). ISBN 2-222-03574-0.
  94. ^ a b Winter temperatures occasionally reach 0°C at Forêt des Pins at an elevation of 1700 m in the southeast of the country.
  95. ^ Estimated. Very little reliable data has been found
  96. ^ McWhirter, Norris and Ross McWhirter (1969). Dunlop Illustrated Encyclopedia of Facts. Doubleday. ISBN 0385011199.
  97. ^ -2°C has been reported on Cerro El Pital Ocotepeque department at an elevation likely over 2500 m.
  98. ^ Macuelizo, el municipio que ha registrado el pico de calor más alto en 2024, Proceso Digital (in Spanish; Macuelizo, the municipality that has recorded the peak of the heat in 2024). Retrieved 16 June 2024.
  99. ^ A temperature of 43.7°C reported in the south of the country in June 1979 is probably unreliable.
  100. ^ Weather Report, 1885, Jamaica, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 13 August 2021.
  101. ^ 0.7°C was recorded on Blue Mountain Peak (elevation 2235 m) in February 1893.
  102. ^ Hot Spell Sets New Record-Breaking Temperatures for Jamaica, Jamaica Climate. Retrieved 11 October 2019.
  103. ^ Record de température en Martinique, Météo France (in French; Record temperature in Martinique). Retrieved 22 June 2022. Archived 1 August 2019.
  104. ^ 37.5°C reported at Salines on 9 September 2023 appears unreliable. Reported temperatures as high as 38°C are unreliable. 36.6°C reported at Ducos on 15 September 2023 has not been confirmed.
  105. ^ Esta es la temperatura más fría que alcanzó Chihuahua en la historia, Tutiempo.net (in Spanish; This is the coldest temperature that Chihuahua reached in history). Retrieved 9 August 2021.
  106. ^ Base de Datos Climatológicos, Rancho Williams, Baja California, Servicio Meteorológico Nacional, México (in Spanish; Climatological Database, Rancho Williams, Baja California). Retrieved 23 June 2024. Archived 4 August 2021.
  107. ^ a b Higher temperatures are unreliable, including 58.0°C reported at San Luis Río Colorado Sonora state (sometimes incorrectly attributed to San Luis Potosí San Luis Potosí state) on 11 August 1933, 54.0°C at Delta Baja California state on 3 August 1998, and 53.3°C at Navojoa Sonora state on a number of occasions in 1940. 52°C was reported at Delta on the same day but the station is generally unreliable when reporting extreme temperatures. 52.0°C reported at Tepache Sonora state on 20 June 2024 is probably unreliable.
  108. ^ Base de Datos Climatológicos, El Vergel, Chihuahua, Servicio Meteorológico Nacional, México (in Spanish; Climatological Database, El Vergel, State of Chihuahua). Retrieved 21 September 2019.
  109. ^ Base de Datos Climatológicos, Mexicali DGE, Baja California, Servicio Meteorológico Nacional, México (in Spanish; Climatological Database, Mexicali DGE, Baja California). Retrieved and archived 23 June 2024.
  110. ^ Climatological Summaries 1956, British Caribbean Meteorological Service, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 13 August 2021.
  111. ^ Available reliable data exists only for the years between 1953 and 1960.
  112. ^ a b Only 15 months of extreme temperature data has been found for the island, recorded between May 1928 and October 1929. A longer period of record would be estimated to return an extreme temperature range of around 16°C to 35°C. A possibly anomalous extreme monthly range of 18.3°C to 34.4°C was reported in the first month of readings in May 1928.
  113. ^ Medio Ambiente, WebEstelí (in Spanish; Environment). Retrieved 9 June 2023.
  114. ^ Temperatures as low as 4°C are likely to have been reached at higher elevations.
  115. ^ Temperaturas Máximas y Olas de Calor en el Periodo Seco de Nicaragua, Instituto Nicaragüense de Estudios Territoriales (INETER) (in Spanish; Maximum Temperatures and Heat Waves in the Dry Season of Nicaragua). Retrieved 21 September 2019. Archived 5 December 2006.
  116. ^ Boletín Climático de mes de Abril 2022, Instituto Nicaragüense de Estudios Territoriales (INETER) (in Spanish; Climate Bulletin for April 2022). Retrieved 21 May 2022.
  117. ^ The value given in the first reference has likely been rounded up to the nearest degree. 42.0°C reported at San Francisco Libre in May 1961 is probably unreliable.
  118. ^ a b Temperaturas Extremas, Empresa de Transmisión Eléctrica, S.A. (ETESA) (in Spanish; Extreme Temperatures). Retrieved 25 Jun 2023. Archived 11 April 2014.
  119. ^ Also 24 December 1978, 9 January 1987 and 12 March 1994.
  120. ^ Climatological Data Publications, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Retrieved 28 May 2022.
  121. ^ Note: Reference is available under "West Indies", 1946-ANNUAL.
  122. ^ Numerous reports of temperatures as high as 40°C are unreliable. 37.8°C was also reported at Ponce on 14 August 1944 but is probably unreliable.
  123. ^ Summary of Climatological Data, Period 1971-2000, The Bottom, Saba, Meteorological Department Curaçao. Retrieved 22 July 2016.
  124. ^ The lowest fully dated record is 20.4°C at Juancho E. Yrausquin Airport (Flat Point) on 5 February 2022. Absolute minimum temperatures in the higher elevations of the island would be expected to reach around 17°C.
  125. ^ 35.0°C reported at the Saba National Marine Park is possibly reliable.
  126. ^ Annales des Services Météorologique de la France d’Outre-Mer, Année 1959, Ministère la France d’Outre-Mer, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project (in French; Annals of the Overseas French Meteorological Service, 1959). Retrieved 13 August 2021.
  127. ^ Fiche Climatologique, St-Barthélemy Meteo (971), Meteo France (in French; Meteorological Data, St-Barthélemy Meteo (971)). Archived 30 March 2018. Retrieved 22 October 2023.
  128. ^ a b Station Climat Saint-Barthelemy – Releves, Meteo-France Guadeloupe, Saint-Martin & Saint-Barthélemy (in French; Station Climate for Saint- Barthélemy - Readings). Retrieved 9 June 2023.
  129. ^ 36.7°C reported at the Basseterre National Agricultural Corporation station in October 1982 is unreliable.
  130. ^ The minimum temperature record from stations in Castries town (Soufrière and Union) are unreliable and have not been considered here.
  131. ^ Station Reunion, St Lucia, B.W.I. 1927, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 13 August 2021.
  132. ^ a b Higher temperatures reported at various stations are unreliable.
  133. ^ Also 18 May and 19 May 1979.
  134. ^ Résumé Mensuel du Temps 1976, Service Météorologique Antilles Guyane, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project (in French; Monthly Summary of the Weather 1976). Retrieved 13 August 2021.
  135. ^ Temperatures as low as 14.3°C reported at Orléans in January, February and March 2009 are probably unreliable.
  136. ^ Station Climat Saint-Martin - Releves, Meteo-France Guadeloupe, Saint-Martin & Saint-Barthélemy (in French; Station Climate for Saint-Martin - Readings). Retrieved 9 June 2023.
  137. ^ 36.4°C reported at the same place on 1 September 1981 is unreliable.
  138. ^ a b c Annales du Bureau Central Météorologique de France Année 1902, Ministère de l’Instruction Publique, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project (in French; Annals of the French Central Meteorological Bureau, 1902). Retrieved 13 August 2021. Cite error: The named reference "SPM" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  139. ^ The date is possibly 16 February 1875 when record low temperatures were reported at Saint John’s Newfoundland (Canada).
  140. ^ Summary of Meteorological Observations 1949, Kingstown, Saint Vincent, British Caribbean Meteorological Service, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 13 August 2021.
  141. ^ 15.6°C reported at Kingstown on 8 January 1922, and 16.6°C reported at E. T. Joshua Airport (Kingstown) in April 2000 are unreliable.
  142. ^ Monthly Weather Summary 1979, Caribbean Meteorological Institute, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 13 August 2021.
  143. ^ Annual Climatological Report 2002, Meteorological Service, Netherlands Antilles and Aruba. Retrieved 8 August 2021.
  144. ^ Lower temperatures reported in the 1960’s at Oranjestad are unreliable.
  145. ^ Annual Climatological Report 2004, Meteorological Service, Netherlands Antilles and Aruba. Retrieved 8 August 2021.
  146. ^ 37.2°C reported at Princess Juliana Airport on 8 September 1965 is unreliable. Temperatures as high as 35.8°C reported at the same airport between August and October 1991 are probably unreliable.
  147. ^ 18.1°C reported at Princess Juliana Airport on 8 February 2009 is probably unreliable.
  148. ^ 13.9°C reported at Penal in March 1975 is possibly reliable.
  149. ^ a b The St Clair and Centeno stations, both on Trinidad are generally unreliable and have not been considered here.
  150. ^ 37.7°C reported at Chaguaramas Trinidad is probably unreliable.
  151. ^ These are the latest occurrence of many in the last 50 years.
  152. ^ Alaska Weather and Climate, Alaska Trekker. Retrieved 10 April 2018.
  153. ^ The camp has been used intermittently since around 1970 and has no permanent population.
  154. ^ a b Death Valley, California, breaks the all-time world heat record for the second year in a row, Yale Climate Connections. Retrieved 8 August 2021.
  155. ^ a b The readings were originally recorded in degrees Fahrenheit, 129.9°F on 16 August 2020 and 130.0°F on 9 July 2021, both converting to 54.4°C.
  156. ^ a b Higher temperatures reported at Death Valley Greenland Ranch in July 1913 are not supported by readings from surrounding stations nor by the prevailing synoptic conditions at the time.
  157. ^ A Climatological Review of the Alaska-Yukon Plateau, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project (Monthly Weather Review, July 1934). Retrieved 13 August 2021.
  158. ^ -61.7°C reported at Circle (Circle City) (date unknown) is unconfirmed.
  159. ^ That time Montana hit 70 below, Ravalli Republic. Retrieved 29 April 2018.
  160. ^ This reading, taken at the 4 K’s Mine a little to the west of Rogers Pass was a temporary camp that was later abandoned.
  161. ^ Peter Sinks Temperature Monitoring, Utah Climate Center. Retrieved 7 May 2018.
  162. ^ COOP Select State, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Retrieved 7 May 2018.
  163. ^ a b c Readings obtained at the old Experiment Station (now the Botanic Gardens in Road Town) are unreliable.
  164. ^ Data Calendar for Tortola, Iowa Environmental Mesonet. Retrieved 8 August 2021.
  165. ^ Much of the U.S. Virgin Islands temperature record is unreliable and has not been considered here.
  166. ^ This station is generally reliable only from December 1991.
  167. ^ Data Calendar for Christiansted, September 2023, Iowa Environmental Mesonet. Retrieved 25 September 2023.
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