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Universal Pictures Debut Network

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Universal Pictures Debut Network
NetworkSyndication
Launched1985 (1985)
Closed1991 (1991)[1]
Country of origin United States
OwnerMCA TV
Key peopleDoug Paul (previews announcer)
Harry Tatelman[2] (special projects veep)
Sister networkHollywood Premiere Network
Format1 day
Running time95 minutes
Original language(s)English
Official websiteOfficial website

The Universal Pictures Debut Network, or simply the Debut Network, was a syndicated movie package that MCA Television sold to independent stations.[3] The service reached agreements with ten stations in larger American markets[4] such as New York City, Los Angeles and Chicago by late 1984. The Debut Network was a precursor of sorts to the Action Pack, which was also a syndicated package created by Universal Television.

Background

[edit]

MCA TV[5] (also known as MCA Television Enterprises) was founded in 1951, several years before parent MCA's purchase of American Decca (in 1959) and Universal Pictures (in 1962). For more than four decades, it was one of the most active syndicators of television programming. During the 1980s, it distributed both off-network reruns of shows like Kate & Allie and Gimme a Break!, as well as original syndication product like the animated action series Bionic Six (co-produced with TMS Entertainment), The Morton Downey Jr. Show (taped at then-MCA owned WWOR-TV in Secaucus, NJ), The Munsters Today (a revival of the Universal sitcom), and Pictionary, based on the popular board game.

MCA Television[6] attempted several branded TV packages in 1985 to 2001 including an ad hoc film network, a broadcast network and a few syndicated programming blocks. The company launched the Universal Pictures Debut Network,[7][8][9] an ad hoc film network with plans to launch in two stages beginning[10][11] in September 1985.[12][13]

MCA's motivation for launching the Debut Network was to attempt to make up for lost revenue from the "big three networks", who were at the time, preferring cheaper made for TV movies. Independent stations were specifically targeted since they needed many more hours to fill. MCA set up a barter agreement, wherein each movie featured on the Debut Network would be edited down to 95 minutes, including the credits. (A notable exception was Rear Window, which, with commercials, was given a 2.5 hour block instead of the normal 2 hour block.) Of the 22 minutes for commercials, MCA received 10+1⁄2, with the local outlets keeping 11+1⁄2 minutes. The remaining three minutes would be devoted to promotion spots for one thing or another.

The end of the Debut Network

[edit]

MCA TV and Paramount Domestic Television had formed Premier Advertiser Sales, a joint venture created for the sale of advertising for their existing syndicated programs in September 1989. As a possible outgrowth of this sales joint venture, MCA and Paramount began plans for a new network, Premier Program Service.[14] When Premier Program Service halted, MCA teamed up with Chris-Craft TV for a syndicated programming block, Hollywood Premiere Network, that only lasted for the 1990–1991 season.[15] The Universal Family Network syndicated programming block was launched by the company in the fall of 1993 with a single weekly half hour show, Exosquad, as a counter to The Disney Afternoon.[16]

[edit]
Main article: List of Universal Pictures films

Beginning in September 1985, affiliated Debut Network stations could program 24 features from the Universal Pictures library on an advertiser supported basis. One feature would debut each month over the course of at least two years, and each month, the stations would be allowed to air the movie twice; usually once in prime time and a rerun in late night hours. At the end of their barter run, these features would revert to the Debut Network stations for additional cash runs with no interim pay cable window.

Frequently, the versions prepared for broadcast would contain alternate takes and scenes originally cut from the theatrical edits, usually to replace footage deemed unsuitable for television. These new edits were prepared on standard definition video, and sent to TV stations via satellite. However, when the films were resent to the affiliated stations for their cash runs, in most instances, the original theatrical versions were provided instead of the Debut Network recuts, in 16mm prints or on 1 inch videotape, and the stations would edit the films as they chose for the individual standards of their markets.

In 1988, the movie network broadcast a special edition of Dune[17] as a two-night event, with additional footage not included in the film's original release.[18]

1985 television edit of Halloween II (1981)

[edit]

An alternate version of Halloween II (sometimes referred to as 'The Television Cut') has aired on network television since the early 1980s, with most of the graphic violence and blood edited out and many minor additional scenes added, while others are removed.[54] This cut of the film was released in 2012 by Scream Factory on their Collector's Edition Blu-ray disc, and again in 2014 as a standalone DVD accompanying the "Complete Collection" Deluxe Edition Blu-ray set, which features entire series.[55]

The television cut runs approximately 92 minutes, roughly one minute less than the theatrical version.[54] There are many edits such as the murder of Dr. Mixter is presumed to still happen, but remains off camera, as does Janet's, although dialogue indicates she might have gone home at the end of her shift instead of being killed. The scene where Michael stalks Alice is recut to imply that he attacks and kills her neighbor Mrs. Elrod instead. Jimmy's discovery of Mrs. Alves dead and his subsequent slipping in the pool of blood has been significantly shortened (or removed altogether in some prints) and moved just prior to the explosion which kills Myers and Loomis. Jill's stabbing is less graphic, and a moan from the ground implies she might have survived it. Also added are scenes of Michael cutting the power (this explains the dark setting throughout the latter half of the film) and a power generator kicking in. There is also extra dialogue between Laurie and Jimmy, Laurie and Mrs. Alves, Janet and Karen, Karen and Mr. Garrett, Bud and Karen, Jill and Jimmy, etc.

Another notable difference is the killing of the Marshall. In the theatrical version his throat is slit, while in the TV version it is softened, with Michael grabbing him and stabbing him from behind (with no detail shown). While the theatrical version ends with the deaths of Michael Myers and Dr. Loomis and leaves the audience in a gray area as to whether Jimmy survives, the television cut features an extended ending showing Jimmy alive (with a bandaged head wound from his slip) in the ambulance with Laurie Strode. They hold hands and Laurie says, "We made it."[56]

1988 television edit of Dune (1984)

[edit]

The rough cut of Dune, without post-production effects, ran over four hours long but director David Lynch's intended cut of the film (as reflected in the seventh and final draft of the script) was almost three hours long. Universal and the film's financiers expected a standard, two-hour cut of the film. Dino De Laurentiis, his daughter Raffaella and Lynch excised numerous scenes, filmed new scenes that simplified or concentrated plot elements and added voice-over narrations, plus a new introduction by Virginia Madsen. Contrary to rumor, Lynch made no other version besides the theatrical cut.

As previously mentioned, a television version was aired in 1988[57] in two parts totaling 186 minutes including a "What happened last night" recap and second credit roll. Lynch disavowed this version and had his name removed from the credits, Alan Smithee being credited instead. This version (without recap and second credit roll) has occasionally been released on DVD as Dune: Extended Edition. Several longer versions have been spliced together.[58] Although Universal has approached Lynch for a possible director's cut, Lynch has declined every offer and prefers not to discuss Dune in interviews.[59]

In 1992, KTVU,[60] pieced together a hybrid edit[61] of the two previous versions for broadcast in the San Francisco Bay Area. It is essentially the television version with all the violence of the theatrical version reincorporated into the film, along with many of the "fabricated" shots objected to by Lynch removed.

1989 syndication version of Brazil (1985)

[edit]

In 1985, a much-publicized war emerged between director Terry Gilliam and Universal's then-COO Sid Sheinberg over the final cut of Brazil for the film's North American release. Against Gilliam's wishes, Sheinberg wanted to cut the film from Gilliam's preferred 142 minute cut to 93 minutes and modify the dark sci-fi satire into an uplifting romance, complete with a happy ending. After Gilliam created an ambitious campaign to wrestle the film away from Sheinberg, including clandestine screenings of his preferred cut, which led to the Los Angeles Film Critics Association awarding the film Best Picture and Best Director, Sheinberg backed down and Universal released a "compromised" cut running 131 minutes and featuring a few of the changes suggested by Sheinberg while remaining faithful to Gilliam's vision.[62]

In January 1989, Universal released a cut of Brazil for airing on the Debut Network. Running 93 minutes, it was a heavily modified version that remained true to Sheinberg's preferred cut of the film, and was subsequently given the nickname "The Love Conquers All Cut." How this version managed to get released remains a mystery; Gilliam said that Universal asked him to make an edited-for-television cut of the film and he refused. In an interview with the Los Angeles Times, Gilliam sarcastically complimented Sheinberg for "[getting] a chance to break into TV," but was angry that Universal didn't take his name off the TV cut and also criticized advertisements for the Debut Network premiere of Brazil which used the same critical praise that was given to his version.[63] In an interview with Jack Matthews in an updated version of his book The Battle of Brazil, Sheinberg claimed he had no idea how his cut leaked out, and said that he wasn't the one who ordered that cut to be released. In 1996, The Criterion Collection released a box set of Brazil that included Gilliam's preferred 142-minute version of the film as well as the "Love Conquers All" cut of the movie.[21]

List of stations

[edit]
City Station
Anchorage KYUR 13[64][65]
Atlanta WGNX 46[66]
Baltimore WBFF 45

WNUV 54

Beaumont KBMT 12
Boston WHLL 27[67][68][69]
Buffalo WUTV 29
Charleston WVAH 23[70][71]
Chicago WGN 9[72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82]
Cincinnati WXIX 19[83]
Cleveland WEWS 5
Columbus WTTE 28[84]
Corpus Christi KIII 3
Dallas-Ft. Worth KTVT 11
Davenport KLJB 18[85]
Denver KWGN 2[86]
Des Moines KDSM 17[87]
Detroit WKBD 50[88]
Fairbanks KATN 2[89]
Flint WSMH 66
Fort Wayne WFFT 55[90]
Greenville WHNS 21[91]
Greeneville WEMT 39[92]
Hardeeville WTGS 28[93]
Harlingen KGBT 4
Houston KTXH 20[94]
Indianapolis WXIN 59[95]
Kansas City KSHB 41[96]
Los Angeles KTLA 5[97][98]
Miami WBFS 33[99][100]
New York WPIX 11[101][102][103]
New Orleans WGNO 26
Oakland KTVU 2[104]
Omaha KPTM 42
Orlando WOFL 35
Peoria WHOI 19[105]
Philadelphia WPHL 17[106][107][108]
Pittsburgh WPGH 53[109][110][111]
Plattsburgh WPTZ 5
Portland KPTV 12
Rawlins KFNR 11[112]
Richmond WRLH 35[113]
Scranton WOLF 38[114][115]
Sioux City KCAN 8[116]
Spokane KAYU 28[117][118][119]
Springfield KOLR 10[120]
Tacoma KCPQ 13[121][122]
Tampa WFTS 28[123][124]
Tucson KMSB 11
Washington, D.C. WDCA 20[125][126]
WTTG 5[127]
Waterbury WTXX 20[128][129][130]
West Palm Beach WFLX 29[131]
York WPMT 43[132][133]

By October 1988, the Debut Network was affiliated with at least 132 stations.[134]

Ratings

[edit]

For the week ending on October 16, 1988, the Debut Network's movie earned a 14.1 rating on just 132 stations.[135][136] From September 4, 1988 through January 1, 1989, the Premiere Network earned a 10.9 rating.[137] This placed it at fourth place among the top barter series for the first 16 weeks of the 1988–89 United States television season. In June 1990, the Debut Network was ranked in fifth place among the ten highest-rated syndicated programs according to Nielsen.[138]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Carmody, John (December 19, 1991). "THE TV COLUMN". The Washington Post.
  2. ^ "DUNE: The "Allan Smithee" File". The BOnes & Obi-Wan Network. Archived from the original on 2000-06-18.
  3. ^ "Worst Stations and Markets for Local TV". Radio Discussions. November 5, 2015.
  4. ^ Segrave, Kerry (January 1999). Movies at Home: How Hollywood Came to Television. p. 147. ISBN 9780786406548.
  5. ^ "8831 Sunset Blvd., #100, West First" (PDF). American Radio History. January 23, 1989.
  6. ^ "International-Television-&-Video-Almanac-1989-OCR-Page-0247.pdf" (PDF). American Radio History.
  7. ^ "Channels-1989-01.pdf" (PDF). World Radio History.
  8. ^ "ALL NEW DEBUT MOVIES WITH EVEN BIGGER TITLES THAN DEBUT I" (PDF). World Radio History. January 20, 1986.
  9. ^ Fogliani, Enzo. "ADMINISTRATIVE PANEL DECISION". Disputes.org.
  10. ^ Kerry Segrave (January 1, 1999). Movies at Home: How Hollywood Came to Television. McFarland. p. 147. ISBN 9780786406548. Retrieved April 8, 2015.
  11. ^ "Re: Western Il-Northeast MO Monday, April 16, 1984". Radio Discussions. April 14, 2008.
  12. ^ Kerry Segrave (January 1, 1999). Movies at Home: How Hollywood Came to Television. McFarland. p. 147. ISBN 9780786406548. Retrieved April 8, 2015.
  13. ^ BC-1989-01-09.pdf (PDF). January 9, 1989. p. 2.
  14. ^ Richard W. Stevenson (October 20, 1989). "Plan Seen For Another TV Network". The New York Times. Retrieved April 22, 2015.
  15. ^ "MCA TV Spins The Bottle". Variety. April 10, 1995. Retrieved April 6, 2017.
  16. ^ Brown, Rich (January 25, 1993). West, Donald V. (ed.). "New Faces, Familiar Ones Vie For Kids Audience" (PDF). Broadcasting. 123 (4): 72. Retrieved June 15, 2017.
  17. ^ Willman, Chris (June 5, 1988). "'Dune II: The Re-edit'". Los Angeles Times.
  18. ^ Erica Davison; Annette Sheen (2004). The Cinema of David Lynch: American Dreams, Nightmare Visions. Wallflower Press. p. 207. ISBN 190336485X. Retrieved April 9, 2015.
  19. ^ KTLA Channel 5: May, 1990 Commercial Break on YouTube
  20. ^ WKBD FOX 50 (1988): Universal Pictures Debut Network Commercial Break on YouTube
  21. ^ a b Matthews, Jack (1998). The Battle of Brazil. pp. 161–165. ISBN 9781557833471.
  22. ^ "November 7, 1987 commercials". Viveos. April 21, 2018.
  23. ^ The Breakfast Club Network TV Premiere WEWS TV 5 Cleveland Movie Ad (1987) on YouTube
  24. ^ BC-1984-12-31.pdf (PDF). p. 27.
  25. ^ KPTV Channel 12 (1986): Universal Pictures Debut Network Commercial Break on YouTube
  26. ^ KPTV Channel 12 (1986): Universal Pictures Debut Network Commercial Break on YouTube
  27. ^ Debut Network - WUTV Channel 29 on YouTube
  28. ^ Cloak & Dagger - 1987 TV Promo on the Universal Pictures Debut Network on YouTube
  29. ^ DC Cab - Universal Pictures Debut Network (1987) Bumpers on YouTube
  30. ^ Dune on UPDN 1988 TV bumper on YouTube
  31. ^ Sheen, Davison, Erica, Annette (2004). The Cinema of David Lynch: American Dreams, Nightmare Visions. p. 41. ISBN 9781903364857.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  32. ^ Dune Extended Version Network TV Premiere Ad (1988) (windowboxed) on YouTube
  33. ^ WGN 9 commercials, 7/9/1987 part 1 on YouTube
  34. ^ "MCA TV" (PDF). American Radio History. January 19, 1987.
  35. ^ (December 9, 1988) WPMT-TV Fox 43 York/Harrisburg/Lancaster/Lebanon Commercials (Part 1) on YouTube
  36. ^ "The Great Outdoors (1988) - Company Credits". IMDb.
  37. ^ 1983 - Halloween II Network Debut Promo on YouTube
  38. ^ "This "Will Return" bumper was featured on a syndicated showing of the movie "Halloween III"". Retro Junk.
  39. ^ KTLA-5 commercials, late October 1989 part 1 on YouTube
  40. ^ "1989 - 'Howard the Duck' TV Trailer & Bumper for WXIN Saturday Movie". Yahoo.
  41. ^ Hilmes, Michele (1990). Hollywood and Broadcasting: From Radio to Cable. p. 191. ISBN 9780252068461.
  42. ^ Universal Pictures Debut Network - Iceman (1987) Promo on YouTube
  43. ^ "Details of the Dune long version (Score:3)". Slashdot. March 10, 2000.
  44. ^ "A Little Sex (1982) - Company credits". IMDb.
  45. ^ Universal Pictures Debut Network (1987) on YouTube
  46. ^ "International-Television-Almanac-1987-OCR-Page-0222.pdf" (PDF). World Radio History.
  47. ^ KPTM 42 Omaha - Sign-Off (12-14-1986) on YouTube
  48. ^ "NEW PODCAST: "All Outta Bubble Gum"". Misadventures in Blissville. October 9, 2015.
  49. ^ KTLA Sunday Movie Theatre (1989) on YouTube
  50. ^ Universal Pictures Debut Network (1987) #1 on YouTube
  51. ^ WGNO commercials - circa 1987 on YouTube
  52. ^ Universal Pictures Debut Network (1987) #2 on YouTube
  53. ^ "Debut III" (PDF). American Radio History. November 28, 1988.
  54. ^ a b Halloween II: The Television Cut (Blu-ray). Scream Factory. 2012. ASIN B0089BSM70.
  55. ^ Arrigo, Anthony (September 29, 2014). "Halloween: The Complete Collection (Blu-ray)". Dread Central. Archived from the original on October 12, 2018.
  56. ^ Felsher, Michael (dir.) (2012). The Nightmare Isn't Over: The Making of Halloween II (Documentary). Scream Factory. Event occurs at 33:22.
  57. ^ "WGN Presents". epguides.com.
  58. ^ Murphy, Sean (1996). "Building the Perfect Dune". Video Watchdog. Retrieved December 15, 2014.
  59. ^ "Dune Resurrection – Re-visiting Arrakis". DuneInfo. Archived from the original on May 2, 2009. Retrieved January 18, 2013.
  60. ^ "May 29, 1988 - 8:00 O KTVU MOVIE ' Dune (1984) (Part 2) Kyle MacLachlan, Francesca Annis. A young prince rallies the inhabitants of Arrakis the desert ..." Ukiah Daily Journal. May 29, 1988.
  61. ^ "Dune (1984) - Alternate Versions". IMDb.
  62. ^ "CRITICS CHOOSE 'BRAZIL' AS BEST PICTURE OF 1985". Los Angeles Times. 1985-12-16. Retrieved 2021-05-14.
  63. ^ "Lobotomized 'Brazil'?". Los Angeles Times. 1989-01-08. Retrieved 2021-06-24.
  64. ^ "RETRO: Anchorage, Alaska (December 10, 1988)". Radio Discussions. May 10, 2008.
  65. ^ "Dune Movie Trailer". Suggesting Movie.
  66. ^ "RETRO BOSTON TV- THANKSGIVING 1987". Radio Discussions. January 11, 2007.
  67. ^ "RETRO BOSTON TV- THANKSGIVING 1987". Radio Discussions. September 22, 2006.
  68. ^ "RETRO BOSTON TV- THANKSGIVING 1986". Radio Discussions. September 22, 2006.
  69. ^ "BOSTON TV- EARLY WINTER 1987". Radio Discussions. October 4, 2005.
  70. ^ "Retro:Charleston-Huntington, West Virginia, Saturday 1/10/87(Excluding PBS)". Radio Discussions. June 1, 2007.
  71. ^ "Retro:Charleston-Huntington, West Virginia-January 5-9, 1987(Excluding PBS)". Radio Discussions. June 5, 2007.
  72. ^ "Retro: Western South Carolina, Mon. November 9th, 1987". Radio Discussions. November 2, 2013.
  73. ^ "Retro: Chicago independents, Saturday, Feb. 4, 1989". Radio Discussions. January 21, 2005.
  74. ^ "Retro: Northern Wisconsin, Thurs. July 14th, 1988". Radio Discussions. January 17, 2018.
  75. ^ "Oldest Extant Off-Air VHS/Beta Tape You Have". Radio Discussions. February 11, 2016.
  76. ^ "Retro: Northern Indiana, Saturday, Feb. 11th, 1989". Radio Discussions. August 1, 2013.
  77. ^ "Retro: Chicago VHFs, Monday, March 12, 1990". Radio Discussions. September 5, 2006.
  78. ^ "Northern Indiana - Monday, February 27, 1989". Radio Discussions. October 7, 2006.
  79. ^ "Retro: Oklahoma City - Week of April 22, 1990". Radio Discussions. January 19, 2019.
  80. ^ "Retro: Oklahoma City - Week of April 5, 1987". Radio Discussions. January 12, 2019.
  81. ^ "Retro: Oklahoma City - Week of October 15, 1989". Radio Discussions. January 5, 2019.
  82. ^ "RETRO: MEMPHIS, FRIDAY, NOV 8 1986, By Request". Radio Discussions. October 3, 2012.
  83. ^ "Retro:Southeastern Ohio, Monday, January 6, 1986". Radio Discussions. December 2, 2010.
  84. ^ "Retro: Columbus OH Metropolitan, Sat. October 11th, 1986". Radio Discussions. February 15, 2013.
  85. ^ "Retro: Moline, IL, Thursday, Jul 6, 1989". Radio Discussions. July 7, 2020.
  86. ^ "Retro: Montana Mon, Aug 28, 1989". Radio Discussions. September 2, 2013.
  87. ^ "RETRO : DES MOINES IOWA MONDAY JULY 30, 1990". Radio Discussions. July 27, 2013.
  88. ^ "Retro: Windsor/Detroit Sat, Mar 18, 1989 (afternoon/evening, ch 2-54)". Radio Discussions. June 20, 2007.
  89. ^ "RETRO: Fairbanks, Alaska (November 10, 1990)". Radio Discussions. May 15, 2008.
  90. ^ "Retro: Northern Indiana, Sun. December 15th, 1985 (includes WTBS, USA, NICK and ESPN)". Radio Discussions. December 2, 2013.
  91. ^ "Retro: Spartanburg, SC, Thursday, July 16, 1987". Radio Discussions. January 19, 2018.
  92. ^ "Retro: Bristol/Knoxville/Lexington (3-4-1990)". Radio Discussions. March 3, 2015.
  93. ^ "Retro: Savannah, GA, Monday, December 17, 1990". Radio Discussions. October 23, 2017.
  94. ^ "Retro:Houston, Sunday, September 14, 1986-Independents". Radio Discussions. April 3, 2009.
  95. ^ "Retro: Indianapolis/Terre Haute/Lafayette, IN - Sunday, January 21, 1990". Radio Discussions. May 9, 2018.
  96. ^ "Retro: Kansas City/Topeka/St. Joseph, Sunday, December 3, 1989". Radio Discussions. March 14, 2019.
  97. ^ Willman, Chris (June 5, 1988). "Dune II: The Re-edit". Los Angeles Times.
  98. ^ Thomas, Kevin (July 15, 1990). "In the 1988 She's Having a Baby..." Los Angeles Times.
  99. ^ "Retro: Miami/West Palm Beach, Wednesday, May 24, 1989". Radio Discussions. May 24, 2019.
  100. ^ "Retro:Miami, Monday, February 6, 1989". Radio Discussions. May 12, 2010.
  101. ^ "Retro: Meriden, CT, Sunday, January 8, 1989". Radio Discussions. March 15, 2018.
  102. ^ "Retro: Western Massachusetts Sat, Oct 1, 1988". Radio Discussions. June 2, 2010.
  103. ^ O'Connor, John J. (June 12, 1988). "TV VIEW; TV's Film Editors Giveth As Well as Taketh". The New York Times.
  104. ^ Sheen, Davison, Erica, Annette (2004). American Dreams, Nightmare Visions. p. 41. ISBN 9781903364857.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  105. ^ "Retro: Quad Cities/Springfield/Peoria/Quincy Sat, Mar 12, 1988". Radio Discussions. January 31, 2006.
  106. ^ "RETRO: PHILADELPHIA - 10/01/1990". Radio Discussions. July 25, 2009.
  107. ^ "RETRO: PHILADELPHIA - MAY 2, 1989". Radio Discussions. January 23, 2010.
  108. ^ "Philadelphia independents - June 1990". Radio Discussions. June 10, 2012.
  109. ^ "Retro: Youngstown, OH, Sunday, May 10, 1987". Radio Discussions. May 3, 2018.
  110. ^ "Retro: Youngstown/Cleveland/Pittsburgh, Tuesday, April 7, 1987". Radio Discussions. July 29, 2017.
  111. ^ "Retro: Pittsburgh, Sunday, April 30, 1989". Radio Discussions. March 19, 2019.
  112. ^ "Retro: Denver/Casper/Cheyenne/Rapid City Sat, July 4, 1987". Radio Discussions. July 4, 2012.
  113. ^ "Retro: Hampton Roads/Richmond, Friday, Feb 17, 1989". Radio Discussions. February 16, 2020.
  114. ^ "Retro: Pennsylvania-New York, Sat. September 7, 1985". Radio Discussions. May 12, 2012.
  115. ^ "Retro TV: Scranton/Wilkes Barre TV - December 2-6, 1985 - weekdays". Radio Discussions. November 24, 2012.
  116. ^ "Retro: Nebraska/Central-East South Dakota/Sioux City Sat, July 4, 1987". Radio Discussions. July 12, 2010.
  117. ^ "Retro: Spokane, WA - Saturday, January 11, 1986". Radio Discussions. May 16, 2012.
  118. ^ "Retro: Spokane Broadcast and Cable - Monday, May 21, 1990 ("The Last Newhart")". Radio Discussions. April 23, 2014.
  119. ^ "Retro: Yakima, WA; Sat. July 15th, 1989". Radio Discussions. August 2, 2015.
  120. ^ "Retro: Baxter Bulletin (Mountain Home, AR - Springfield, MO Area) October 4, 1986". Radio Discussions. June 9, 2020.
  121. ^ "Retro: Seattle/Tacoma, Mon. November 14th, 1988". Radio Discussions. September 19, 2012.
  122. ^ "Retro: Seattle/Tacoma, Tue. October 17th, 1989 *LOMA PRIETA EARTHQUAKE DAY*". Radio Discussions. July 29, 2012.
  123. ^ "Retro: Tampa/St. Petersburg, Thursday, July 10, 1986". Radio Discussions. February 9, 2018.
  124. ^ "Retro:Tampa Bay, Monday, May 5, 1986". Radio Discussions. July 9, 2011.
  125. ^ "Retro: Baltimore/DC/Lancaster, Saturday, October 20, 1990". Radio Discussions. June 17, 2017.
  126. ^ "Retro: Baltimore/DC/Lancaster, Thursday, May 11, 1989". Radio Discussions. May 6, 2019.
  127. ^ "Retro: Lancaster/Baltimore/DC, Sat. December 14th, 1985". Radio Discussions. November 24, 2013.
  128. ^ "Retro: Hartford/Springfield Mon, Oct 3, 1988". Radio Discussions. October 3, 2011.
  129. ^ "Retro: New York City/Hartford, Sunday, May 6, 1990". Radio Discussions. March 16, 2017.
  130. ^ "RETRO: Providence/Boston/Hartford – Sunday, September 7, 1986 (1 of 2)". Radio Discussions. August 15, 2010.
  131. ^ "Retro: Miami, Florida Monday, November 2, 1987". Radio Discussions. March 13, 2010.
  132. ^ "Retro: Baltimore/DC/Lancaster, Tuesday, December 12, 1989". Radio Discussions. December 8, 2018.
  133. ^ "Retro: Baltimore/DC/Lancaster, Friday, September 15, 1989". Radio Discussions. September 14, 2019.
  134. ^ Carmody, John (October 27, 1988). "THE TV COLUMN". The Washington Post.
  135. ^ Carmody, John (October 27, 1988). "THE TV COLUMN". The Washington Post.
  136. ^ "BC-1987-05-18.pdf" (PDF). World Radio History. May 18, 1987.
  137. ^ "Channels-1989-03-OCR-Page-0071.pdf" (PDF). World Radio History.
  138. ^ "BY THE NUMBERS : The Top 10 Syndicated Television Shows". Los Angeles Times. June 25, 1990. Retrieved April 9, 2015.
[edit]
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