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Tropical cyclones in Vietnam

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Typhoon Yagi making landfall in northern Vietnam in September 2024
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Vietnam is a southeast Asian country, and is the easternmost country of mainland Southeast Asia. It borders the East Sea, hence, seeing the increased likeliness of tropical cyclones. Tropical cyclones in this area are considered to be part of the Northwest Pacific basin, and therefore, storms here are considered as typhoons.

Climatologically, in the Northwest Pacific basin, most tropical cyclones tend to develop between May and October. Typhoons impacting this region are relatively common, with most of these storms doing so from the middle of the year. The most active tropical cyclone season for Vietnam is in 2013, with their meteorological agency tracking 15 storms, in which 9 have made landfall. This article includes any tropical cyclone of any intensity that affected Vietnam.

Background

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Vietnam recognises its typhoon season from the beginning of June through to the end of November,[1] with an average of four to six typhoons hitting the country annually.[2] Any tropical cyclones here are monitored by the National Center for Hydro-Meteorological Forecasting (NCHMF), which is the nation's official meteorological agency and was established in January 2003. The NCHMF tracks a storm should it enter the agency's monitoring area range which is within the East Sea to the west of 120°E and north of 5°N. Any storm that enters this area is assigned a number, and is set according to its sequence of its occurrence – as for instance with Bão số 1 etc., which translates to "Storm no. 1". Bão comes from "暴', meaning ferocious, violent or vicious, but in vernacular Vietnamese has come to mean "storm".

A study was investigated in the correlation of rainfall and tropical cyclones during El Niño and La Niña seasons, and showed that there is an increase of rainfall and tropical cyclones during La Niña seasons.[3]


Events

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1800s

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  • October 5, 1881 - A typhoon struck what is now northern Vietnam, producing a storm surge that flooded the city of Hai Phong, killing around 3,000 people.[4]

1980s

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1990s

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  • November 2, 1997 - Tropical Storm Linda struck southern Vietnam, where it wrecked thousands of fishing boats and killed at least 3,111 people.[7]

2000s

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  • August 20, 2000 – Tropical Storm Kaemi makes landfall in Vietnam, killing 17 people, injuring 4, and causing US$7.14 million of damage in the nation.[8]
  • August 7, 2008 — Tropical Storm Kammuri (Bão số 4) moved over the extreme northern provinces of Vietnam, killing 127 people in total, with 34 people missing due to flooding and landslides.[9]
  • September 24, 2008 — Typhoon Hagupit (Bão số 6) brought heavy flooding which killed 41 people in total and left damages of about [10]
  • September 29, 2008 — Tropical Storm Mekkhala (Bão số 7) caused flooding, especially which caused about 3,050 hectares of crops bring damaged in the Thanh Hóa Province.[11]
  • October 15, 2008 — Tropical Depression 22W affected Central Vietnam which little to no reported damages.
  • November 17, 2008 — Tropical Storm Noul moved over the central provinces which brought agricultural damages.
  • July 12, 2009 — Tropical Depression Soudelor (Bão số 4) brought heavy rainfall over the northern provinces, with precipitation totals peaking at 250 mm (9.8 in) in the region.[12] A tornado was also seen from the storm.[13]
  • September 3, 2009 — a tropical depression and its outer rainbands led to heavy rainfall throughout central Vietnam, peaking at 430 mm (17 in). Widespread flooding caused economic and agricultural losses of 45 billion (VND; US$2.52 million).
  • September 11, 2009 — Tropical Depression Mujigae (Bão số 7) passes through Northern Vietnam.
  • September 29, 2009 — Typhoon Ketsana (Bão số 9) brought flash flooding over much of Vietnam. The typhoon killed 179 people, with damages of 16.07 trillion VND (US$896.1 million).[14][15]
  • October 13, 2009 — Tropical Storm Parma (Bão số 10) made landfall over Hai Phong. 62 fishing boats sank due to rough waves.
  • November 2, 2009 — Typhoon Mirinae (Bão số 11) brought torrential rainfall which triggered flooding and landslides, killing 124 people. Roughly 2,400 homes were destroyed by swift currents and 437,300 hectares of crops were flooded. Damage was counted as 5.8 trillion đồng (US$323 million).[16][17]

2010s

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  • January 20, 2010 — Tropical Depression 01W made landfall over Gò Công. Only as a weak system, rough waves caused three people to die.[18]
  • July 17, 2010 — Tropical Storm Conson (Bão số 1) brought heavy rainfall over the northern half of Vietnam, with 127 mm (5.0 in) of rain falling in Nam Định.
  • August 24, 2010 — Tropical Storm Mindulle (Bão số 3) brought widespread flooding, with at least 10 people bring killed and losses reaching ₫850 billion (US$43.3 million).[19]
  • November 14, 2010 — Tropical Depression 18W made landfall near Da Nang.
  • June 25, 2011 – Tropical Storm Haima (Bão số 2) moved over Hanoi as a weakening system.
  • July 30, 2011 — Tropical Storm Nock-ten (Bão số 3) affected north-central Vietnam with 6,200 acres of rice and other crop fields were reported to be completely submerged due to flooding. 20 people have died from the storm.
  • September 26, 2011 — Tropical Storm Haitang (Bão số 4) affected the central provinces of Vietnam, killing 25 people.
  • September 30, 2011 — Tropical Storm Nesat (Bão số 5) hit the northern provinces of Vietnam, causing 4,000 people to evacuate in the Nam Định province.
Tropical Storm Pakhar approaching southern Vietnam in April 2012, the only known recorded storm that affected the country in the month of April
  • April 1, 2012 — Tropical Storm Pakhar (Bão số 1) affected the southern provinces of Vietnam, making landfall near Vũng Tàu. The storm destroyed about 4,400 homes in the district.[20]
  • August 17, 2012 — Tropical Storm Kai-tak (Bão số 5) moved over the northern provinces of Vietnam as a strong tropical storm.
  • October 6, 2012 — Tropical Storm Gaemi (Bão số 7) made landfall over Tuy Hòa bringing heavy rainfall.
  • October 28, 2012 — Typhoon Son-Tinh (Bão số 8) brushed the northeastern coast of Vietnam as a Category 3-equivalent typhoon before making landfall over northern Vietnam. The typhoon brought gusty winds.
  • November 14, 2012 — Tropical Depression 25W moved over Southern Vietnam with minor impacts.
  • June 23, 2013 — Tropical Storm Bebinca (Bão số 2) made landfall to the east of Hanoi. Around 4,600 hectares (11,000 acres) of marine ponds were destroyed by the storm.
  • August 3, 2013 — Tropical Storm Jebi (Bão số 5) affected the Quang Ninh province, killing 6 people.
  • August 7, 2013 — Tropical Storm Mangkhut (Bão số 6) brought heavy rainfall over the northern provinces of Vietnam, with rainfall reaching up to 300 mm (12 in) in central Thanh Hóa province.
  • September 18, 2013 — Tropical Depression 18W (Bão số 8) brought widespread rainfall and flooding across much of the country. Total damage in Vietnam reached 817.91 billion dong (US$35.6 million),[21] and a total of 28 people being killed. The province of Hà Tĩnh also experienced a tornado.
  • September 30, 2013 — Typhoon Wutip (Bão số 10) made landfall over the Quảng Bình Province as a weakening Category 2-equivalent typhoon. Overall 13 people were killed, and total damage was estimated at ₫13.6 trillion (US$644 million).[22]
  • October 14, 2013 — Typhoon Nari (Bão số 11) hit the central provinces of Vietnam as a strong Category 1-equivalent typhoon.
  • November 6, 2013 — Tropical Depression 30W (Bão số 13) brought minor impacts over the south-central areas of the country.
  • November 10, 2013 — Typhoon Haiyan (Bão số 14) brought widespread rainfall and gusty winds over Northern Vietnam. The typhoon killed 18 people, and left two missing with 93 others being injured.[23] Economic losses in Vietnam were amounted to ₫669 billion (US$31.67 million).[24]
  • November 14, 2013 — Tropical Storm Podul (Bão số 15) brought heavy rainfall. Rainfall of 973 mm (38.3 in) were recorded in two districts in the Quảng Ngãi Province,[25] in which some say it was the worst flooding ever seen since 1999.[26] Throughout Vietnam, Podul killed 44 people and injured 74 others.[27]
  • July 19, 2014 — Typhoon Rammasun (Bão số 2) only affected the extreme northern provinces of Vietnam, despite not making landfall. Some provinces were put on high alert for flash floods and landslides. 31 people died from the storm due to flooding and landslides.[28]
  • September 17, 2014 — Typhoon Kalmaegi (Bão số 3) brought heavy rainfall and gusty winds over the northern portion of the country.
  • November 29, 2014 — Tropical Storm Sinlaku (Bão số 4) only affected Central Vietnam.
  • June 24, 2015 — Tropical Storm Kujira (Bão số 1) impacted northern Vietnam. 219.9 millimetres (8.66 in) of rain was recorded for a two-day period.[29]
  • September 14, 2015 — Tropical Storm Vamco made landfall in the Quảng Nam Province, killing 11 people due to heavy rainfall.[30]
  • July 27, 2016 — Tropical Storm Mirinae (Bão số 1) made landfall over Northern Vietnam in Thái Bình. The storm brought rainfall with precipitation exceeding 287 mm (11.3 in) in the Tam Đảo District.[31] Only 7 people died with damages of up to ₫7.229 trillion ($323.9 million).[32]
  • August 19, 2016 — Tropical Storm Dianmu (Bão số 3) affected the northern provinces of Vietnam, killing 17 people.[32]
  • September 12, 2016 — Tropical Storm Rai (Bão số 4) made landfall in the Quảng Nam Province, where heavy rain caused flooding and the bursting of the Bung River 2 hydroelectricity plant. Only 14 people died from the storm.[33]
  • October 13, 2016 — Tropical Storm Aere made landfall over Huế. Precipitation reached at 747 mm (29.4 in) in Đồng Hới, the record since 1955.[34] 37 people died from the storm.
  • November 5, 2016 — A tropical depression caused heavy rainfall and flooding over the central and southern provinces of the nation. It is said that it has seen the worst flooding in 5 years at that time.[35]
  • December 12, 2016 — Another tropical depression brought heavy rainfall and flooding in the same area as the previous depression. 31 people perished from the system with damages of about ₫1.21 trillion (US$53.4 million).
  • July 17, 2017 — Tropical Storm Talas (Bão số 2) made landfall over Nghệ An Province. The storm left 14 people dead and damaged around 2,700 houses.[36]
  • July 25, 2017 — Tropical Storm Sonca (Bão số 4) moved over Central Vietnam, leaving six people died.
  • September 15, 2017 — Typhoon Doksuri (Bão số 10) impacted Vietnam and was considered as the "most powerful storm in a decade".[37] Total damages from the typhoon reached ₫18.4 trillion (US$809 million).[38]
  • September 25, 2017 — Tropical Depression 22W made landfall over Quảng Ninh. The NCHMF forecast rainfall of about 150 millimetres (5.9 in) in Hanoi and surrounding provinces, with rough waves up to 3 m (9.8 ft) in Hạ Long Bay.[39]
  • October 10, 2017 — Tropical Depression 23W made landfall over Hà Tĩnh Province. Despite its weak intensity, the system brought extensive damages and several landslides. In total, 100 people were killed and damages reached over 13 trillion ₫ (US$572 million).[40]
Typhoon Damrey over Vietnam on November 4, 2017
  • November 3, 2017 — Typhoon Damrey (Bão số 12) made landfall over Central Vietnam and affected the 2017 APEC Summit in Da Nang. 107 people died from the typhoon and caused damages of up to 22 trillion VND (US$1 billion).[41]
  • November 18, 2017 — Tropical Storm Kirogi (Bão số 14) affected the central provinces of the country as a weakening system, causing only US$10 million worth of damages.[42]
  • December 25, 2017 — Tropical Storm Tembin (Bão số 16) affected the southernmost parts of the country, bringing only moderate rainfall.
  • July 19, 2018 — Tropical Storm Son-Tinh (Bão số 3) caused extensive rainfall over Northern Vietnam. 35 people were killed, more than 5,000 houses, 82,000 hectares (200,000 acres) of crops, and 17,000 farm animals were either swept away, submerged, or otherwise destroyed.[43]
  • August 17, 2018 — Tropical Storm Bebinca (Bão số 4) brought strong winds and heavy rainfall which resulted in several mudslides over the northern portion of the country. 10 people were killed by the storm.[44]
  • November 17, 2018 — Tropical Storm Toraji (Bão số 8) brought heavy flooding throughout the southern portion of the country. A report a few months after the storm stated that a total of 20 people have died, with total damages measured at ₫1.24 billion (US$53.9 million).[45]
  • November 25, 2018 — Tropical Storm Usagi (Bão số 9) caused heavy flooding over Southern Vietnam. Tân Bình District recorded 407.6 millimetres (16.05 in) of rain, surpassing the district's record of most rainfall. Losses were estimated at ₫925 billion (US$39.8 million).[46]
  • July 3, 2019 — Tropical Storm Mun (Bão số 2) only affected the extreme northern portion of the country. A bridge in Tĩnh Gia District was damaged by the storm, which killed 2 people and left 3 injured. Damages of the storm were 98 billion VND ($4.25 million).[47]
  • August 3, 2019 — Tropical Storm Wipha (Bão số 3) also affected the northern portion of the country. 15 people were killed by the storm,[47] with 1.18 trillion VND ($48 million) in damages.[47]
  • August 29, 2019 — Tropical Storm Podul (Bão số 4) brought rainfall which killed 4 and caused damages worth 393 billion VND ($12.3 million).[47]
  • September 2, 2019 — Tropical Storm Kajiki brought heavy rainfall and flash flooding. 10 people died from the storm and total losses worth 1.76 trillion VND ($76.2 million).[47]
  • October 31, 2019 — Tropical Storm Matmo (Bão số 5) destroyed 2,700 houses and 35 schools, causing 912 billion VND (US$39.8 million) in damage in Vietnam, with majority of losses in two provinces: Quảng Ngãi and Bình Định.[47] The storm also killed two people in the country.[48]
  • November 10, 2019 — Tropical Storm Nakri (Bão số 6) made landfall over central Vietnam as a weakening storm, killing 2 and causing 318 billion VND ($13.9 million) in damage.[47]

2020s

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Climatology

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Storms affecting Vietnam by month
Month Number of Storms
January
1
February
0
March
1
April
1
May
0
June
4
July
9
August
10
September
19
October
12
November
17
December
2

Deadliest storms

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The following list are the ten deadliest storms that impacted Vietnam. Total number of deaths recorded are only from the country itself.

Rank Name Year Number of Deaths
1 Joan 1964 7,000
2 Linda 1997 3,111
3 "Haiphong" 1881 3,000
4 Cecil 1985 769
5 Cecil 1989 751
6 Wayne 1986 401
7 Yagi 2024 322
8 Chanchu 2006 241
9 Ketsana 2009 179
10 Ruth 1980 164

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Typhoon and Tropical Cyclone Seasons in Vietnam". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Vietnam. 29 October 2019. Retrieved 30 October 2019.
  2. ^ "Typhoon Season in Vietnam: How to Prepare Your Business". Vietnam Briefing. 15 September 2021.
  3. ^ Hoang Anh Nguyen-Thi, Jun Matsumoto, Thanh Ngo-Duc, Nobuhiko Endo (2012). "A Climatological Study of Tropical Cyclone Rainfall in Vietnam". Scientific Online Letters on the Atmosphere. 8: 41–44. Bibcode:2012SOLA....8...41N. doi:10.2151/sola.2012-011.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  4. ^ James P. Terry; Nigel Winspear; Cuong Quoc Tran (March 2012). "The 'terrific Tongking typhoon' of October 1881 - Implications for the Red River Delta (northern Vietnam) in modern times" (PDF). Weather. 67 (3): 72–75. Bibcode:2012Wthr...67...72T. doi:10.1002/wea.882. S2CID 123200315. Archived from the original on August 23, 2021. Retrieved August 3, 2021.
  5. ^ Britannica book of the year. 1981. [Events of 1980]. Encyclopaedia Britannica. 1981. ISBN 978-0-85229-381-2.
  6. ^ Daily Report: Asia & Pacific. The Service. 1980-10-09.
  7. ^ United Nations Development Programme (2003). "Summing-up report on disaster situations in recent years and preparedness and mitigation measures in Vietnam". ReliefWeb. Archived from the original on 2021-08-23. Retrieved 2010-03-22.
  8. ^ "GLIDEnumber 2000-000901". GLIDEnumber. Retrieved 28 October 2024.
  9. ^ "Storm death toll at 127". August 15, 2008. Archived from the original on September 17, 2008. Retrieved 2023-05-28.
  10. ^ ₫1 trillion (US$72.49 million).Typhoon Hagupit floods kill 41 in Vietnam, Agence France-Presse via news.com.au, September 29, 2008 02:12pm
  11. ^ Rob Gutro (October 2, 2008). "Hurricane Season 2008: Tropical Storm Mekkhala (Pacific Ocean)". NASA. Retrieved March 19, 2009.
  12. ^ Staff Writer (July 14, 2009). "Storm passes but new tropical depression affects coastal waters". VietNamNet Bridge. Archived from the original on July 17, 2009. Retrieved July 15, 2009.
  13. ^ Staff Writer (July 14, 2009). "Downpours and whirlwinds cause damage in northern region". Nhan Dan. Archived from the original on July 17, 2009. Retrieved July 15, 2009.
  14. ^ "Typhoon Ketsana kills over 160 in Vietnam". Sify. 2009-10-05. Archived from the original on 2010-10-09. Retrieved 2009-12-09.
  15. ^ "LHQ: Bão số 9 làm Việt Nam thiệt hại 785 triệu USD". VietNamNet (in Vietnamese). 2009-10-07. Retrieved 2009-12-09.
  16. ^ 2009 VIETNAM REPORT
  17. ^ "Typhoon Mirinae Kills 123 in Vietnam as Floods Sweep Homes Away". Bloomberg. November 8, 2009.
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  20. ^ "Typhoon Pakhar Rakes Southern Vietnam". Earthweek. April 6, 2012. Retrieved August 7, 2012.
  21. ^ "Tổng hợp thiệt hại do thiên tai năm 2013 (Summary of damage caused by natural disasters in 2013)" (PDF) (in Vietnamese). Retrieved 2024-02-18.
  22. ^ 2013 VIETNAM REPORT
  23. ^ "18 người chết và mất tích, 81 người bị thương do bão số 14" (in Vietnamese). Tuổi Trẻ. November 11, 2013. Archived from the original on August 20, 2019. Retrieved November 13, 2013.
  24. ^ "2013 VIETNAM REPORT" (PDF).
  25. ^ Viet Nam: Flooding in Central Provinces Situation Report No. 1 (PDF). United Nations Country Team in Viet Nam (Report). ReliefWeb. November 20, 2013. Retrieved January 20, 2014.
  26. ^ "Toll from Vietnam floods rises to 34: official". ReliefWeb. Agence France-Presse. November 16, 2013. Retrieved January 20, 2014.
  27. ^ Vietnam - Floods (ECHO Daily Flash 19 November 2013). European Commission Humanitarian Aid department (Report). November 19, 2013. Retrieved January 20, 2014.
  28. ^ 2014 VIETNAM REPORT
  29. ^ Davies, Richard (June 26, 2015). "7 Dead, 4 Missing After Flash Floods in Son La Province, Vietnam". FloodList. Retrieved April 24, 2021.
  30. ^ Hoàng Phan (September 19, 2015). "11 người chết, 1 người mất tích do bão số 3". Thanh Nien Daily (in Vietnamese). Retrieved September 20, 2015.
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  32. ^ a b 2016 VIETNAM REPORT
  33. ^ "Dam burst sweeps 2 people away in Vietnam". World Bulletin. September 14, 2016. Retrieved 17 September 2016.
  34. ^ "Mưa ở Quảng Bình là 'kỷ lục chưa từng có' - VnExpress". vnexpress.net. Retrieved November 13, 2016.
  35. ^ "Vietnam Braces for Typhoon Sarika After Deadly Flooding". Wall Street Journal. October 15, 2016. Retrieved October 16, 2016.
  36. ^ "Storm Talas kills 14 in Vietnam, destroys homes". The Straits Times. 19 July 2017. Retrieved 19 July 2017.
  37. ^ "Typhoon Doksuri: Vietnam hit by 'most powerful storm in a decade'". Independent. September 15, 2017.
  38. ^ VIETNAM 2017 REPORT
  39. ^ "Tropical pressure system on course to hit Vietnam's Hạ Long Bay". VN Express. September 25, 2017.
  40. ^ "Global Catastrophe Recap October 2017" (PDF). thoughtleadership.aonbenfield.com. Aon Benfield. Retrieved November 9, 2017.
  41. ^ "Kêu gọi hỗ trợ khắc phục hậu quả bão số 12 ở một số tỉnh miền Trung". 14 December 2017.
  42. ^ "Global Catastrophe Recap November 2017" (PDF). thoughtleadership.aonbenfield.com. Aon Benfield. Retrieved December 7, 2017.
  43. ^ Nguyen, Mai (July 21, 2018). "Storm Son Tinh kills 20, leaves 16 missing in Vietnam". U.S. Retrieved July 22, 2018.
  44. ^ Lâm, Nguyễn (August 20, 2018). "13 người chết và mất tích do bão số 4" (in Vietnamese). Báo Kinh Tế Đô Thị. Retrieved August 21, 2018.
  45. ^ "Tóm tắt các cơn bão trong năm 2018" (in Vietnamese). January 5, 2019.
  46. ^ "Tóm tắt các cơn bão trong năm 2018" (in Vietnamese). Government of Tuyen Quang province. January 5, 2019. Archived from the original on July 8, 2021. Retrieved January 20, 2019.
  47. ^ a b c d e f g 2019 VIETNAM REPORT
  48. ^ TỔNG HỢP THIỆT HẠI DO THIÊN TAI NĂM 2019 (PDF) (Report) (in Vietnamese). Government of Vietnam. July 1, 2020. Retrieved October 3, 2021.
  49. ^ "Bão số 2 làm 3 người chết, thiệt hại ít nhất 300 tỉ đồng". caobang.gov.vn. August 6, 2020. Retrieved 2020-10-20.
  50. ^ Maura Kelly (September 18, 2020). "Noul turns deadly while making landfall in Vietnam". Accuweather. Retrieved September 18, 2020.
  51. ^ "6 người chết do bão Noul" (in Vietnamese). VnExpress. 20 September 2020. Retrieved 20 September 2020.
  52. ^ "Cơn lũ đi qua, vùng cao Quảng Nam bị thiệt hại gần 200 tỉ đồng" (in Vietnamese). Lao Động. 20 September 2020. Retrieved 20 September 2020.
  53. ^ "Vì sao hàng trăm cột điện tại Thừa Thiên Huế gãy đổ trong bão số 5?". Thứ Ba. 22 September 2020. Retrieved 4 October 2020.
  54. ^ "Bão số 2 lướt qua gây thiệt hại tại Thái Bình, Hải Phòng". Vietnamnet (in Vietnamese). June 13, 2021. Retrieved June 13, 2021.
  55. ^ Vân Anh (2021-09-13). "Thiệt hại ban đầu do bão số 5 gây ra". PetroTimes (in Vietnamese). Retrieved 2021-09-13.
  56. ^ "Vớt ve chai trên hồ thủy lợi, 2 anh em bị đuối nước". Báo Sài Gòn Giải Phóng. 2021-09-23. Retrieved 2021-09-24.
  57. ^ "Sẵn sàng ứng phó với áp thấp nhiệt đới ở Biển Đông" [Ready to cope with tropical depression in the East Sea]. Sài Gòn Giải Phóng (in Vietnamese). October 25, 2021. Archived from the original on October 25, 2021. Retrieved October 25, 2021.
  58. ^ Broomby, Kathleen Magramo,Taylor Ward,Jan Camenzind (September 28, 2022). "Hundreds of thousands evacuated as Typhoon Noru makes landfall in Vietnam's Da Nang". CNN. Archived from the original on September 28, 2022. Retrieved September 30, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  59. ^ VnExpress. "Storm Noru devolves into tropical depression". VnExpress International – Latest news, business, travel and analysis from Vietnam. Archived from the original on September 28, 2022. Retrieved September 30, 2022.
  60. ^ Broomby, Kathleen Magramo,Taylor Ward,Jan Camenzind (September 28, 2022). "Hundreds of thousands evacuated as Typhoon Noru makes landfall in Vietnam's Da Nang". CNN. Archived from the original on September 28, 2022. Retrieved October 1, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  61. ^ Hồ, Giáp (October 28, 2022). "Da Nang beaches full of garbage after storms". VietNamNet. Retrieved October 31, 2022.
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