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List of Mexico hurricanes

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Satellite image of Hurricane Otis, the strongest Pacific hurricane to ever hit Mexico

The North American country of Mexico regularly experiences tropical cyclones from both the Atlantic and the Pacific oceans. Tropical cyclones that produce maximum sustained winds of more than 119 kilometre per hour (74 mph) are designated as hurricanes, which can produce deadly and damaging effects, particularly where they make landfall, or move ashore. Hurricane strength have been ranked using the Saffir-Simpson scale since 1972, from a minimal hurricane as a Category 1 to the most powerful as a Category 5. The most recent Category 5 hurricane to hit Mexico was Hurricane Otis in 2023, which was also the costliest Mexican hurricane.

Climatology

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From 1951 to 2000, Pacific hurricanes most frequently struck the northwestern Mexican states Baja California Sur or Sinaloa, as well as Michoacán in southern Mexico. Atlantic hurricanes during the same period were most likely to hit Quintana Roo along the eastern Yucatán peninsula and Veracruz along the Bay of Campeche. Along both coasts, the month with the most landfalls was September, although they can occur as early as May.[1]

List of states

[edit]

The category listed for each state indicates the maximum category of sustained winds that were recorded or analyzed to have occurred in that state. It is not necessarily the category of the storm at the time of landfall or closest approach (if the strongest winds were occurring elsewhere or only over water at the time).

Atlantic states

[edit]
Satellite image of Category 5 Hurricane Dean hitting Quintana Roo in 2007

Campeche

[edit]
Name Saffir–Simpson
Category 		Date of closest approach Year
Brenda
Category 1 hurricane
August 21
 1973

Quintana Roo

[edit]
Name Saffir–Simpson
Category 		Date of closest approach Year
Unnamed
Category 2 hurricane
September 28
 1857
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
August 16
 1866
Unamed
Category 1 hurricane
November 1
 1870
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
August 20
 1879
Unnamed
Category 2 hurricane
August 9
 1880
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
July 25
 1887
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
September 17
 1887
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
September 6
 1888
Unnamed
Category 2 hurricane
September 17
 1889
Unnamed
Category 2 hurricane
August 29
 1893
Unnamed
Category 2 hurricane
August 27
 1895
Unnamed
Category 2 hurricane
August 13
 1903
Unnamed
Category 3 hurricane
August 25
 1909
Unnamed
Category 2 hurricane
October 15
 1916
Unnamed
Category 2 hurricane
October 18
 1922
Unnamed
Category 4 hurricane
September 22
 1933
Unnamed
Category 2 hurricane
August 27
 1942
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
September 20
 1944
Charlie
Category 4 hurricane
August 20
 1951
Hilda
Category 3 hurricane
September 16
 1955
Janet
Category 5 hurricane
September 28
 1955
Beulah
Category 3 hurricane
September 17
 1967
Carmen
Category 4 hurricane
September 2
 1974
Gilbert
Category 5 hurricane
September 14
 1988
Roxanne
Category 3 hurricane
October 11
 1995
Dolly
Category 1 hurricane
August 20
 1996
Emily
Category 4 hurricane
July 18
 2005
Wilma
Category 4 hurricane
October 21
 2005
Dean
Category 5 hurricane
August 21
 2007
Ernesto
Category 2 hurricane
August 8
 2012
Gamma
Category 1 hurricane
October 3
 2020
Delta
Category 2 hurricane
October 7
 2020
Zeta
Category 1 hurricane
October 27
 2020
Grace
Category 1 hurricane
August 19
 2021
Beryl
Category 2 hurricane
July 5
 2024

Tabasco

[edit]
Name Saffir–Simpson
Category 		Date of closest approach Year
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
October 21
 1922
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
September 21
 1944

Tamaulipas

[edit]
Name Saffir–Simpson
Category 		Date of closest approach Year
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
July 5
 1851
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
August 18
 1878
Unnamed
Category 4 hurricane
August 13
 1880
Unnamed
Category 2 hurricane
August 23
 1886
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
October 15
 1892
Unnamed
Category 2 hurricane
August 30
 1895
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
August 16
 1903
Unnamed
Category 3 hurricane
August 27
 1909
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
September 7
 1921
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
July 8
 1933
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
August 5
 1933
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
September 15
 1933
Unnamed
Category 2 hurricane
September 25
 1933
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
August 19
 1936
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
August 28
 1938
Charlie
Category 2 hurricane
August 15
 1947
Charlie
Category 3 hurricane
August 22
 1951
Alice
Category 1 hurricane
June 25
 1954
Gladys
Category 1 hurricane
September 5
 1955
Hilda
Category 3 hurricane
September 19
 1955
Inez
Category 3 hurricane
October 10
 1966
Beulah
Category 3 hurricane
September 20
 1967
Ella
Category 3 hurricane
September 12
 1970
Caroline
Category 2 hurricane
September 1
 1975
Anita
Category 5 hurricane
September 2
 1977
Barry
Category 1 hurricane
August 21
 1983
Gilbert
Category 3 hurricane
September 16
 1988
Keith
Category 1 hurricane
October 5
 2000
Erika
Category 1 hurricane
August 16
 2003
Emily
Category 3 hurricane
July 21
 2005
Alex
Category 2 hurricane
July 1
 2010
Ingrid
Category 1 hurricane
September 16
 2013

Veracruz

[edit]
Name Saffir–Simpson
Category 		Date of closest approach Year
Unnamed
Category 2 hurricane
July 1
 1859
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
August 16
 1866
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
September 8
 1888
Unnamed
Category 2 hurricane
September 16
 1931
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
August 30
 1936
Item
Category 2 hurricane
October 11
 1950
Janet
Category 2 hurricane
September 29
 1955
Anna
Category 1 hurricane
July 26
 1956
Debby
Category 1 hurricane
September 3
 1988
Diana
Category 2 hurricane
August 7
 1990
Gert
Category 2 hurricane
September 20
 1993
Dolly
Category 1 hurricane
August 23
 1996
Stan
Category 1 hurricane
October 4
 2005
Dean
Category 2 hurricane
August 22
 2007
Lorenzo
Category 1 hurricane
September 28
 2007
Karl
Category 3 hurricane
September 17
 2010
Franklin
Category 1 hurricane
August 10
 2017
Katia
Category 1 hurricane
September 9
 2017
Grace
Category 3 hurricane
August 21
 2021

Yucatán

[edit]
Name Saffir–Simpson
Category 		Date of closest approach Year
Isidore
Category 3 hurricane
September 22
 2002

Pacific states

[edit]

Baja California

[edit]
Main article: List of Baja California Peninsula hurricanes
Name Saffir–Simpson
Category 		Date of closest approach Year
Nora
Category 1 hurricane
September 25
 1997

Baja California Sur

[edit]
Main article: List of Baja California Peninsula hurricanes
Name Saffir–Simpson
Category 		Date of closest approach Year
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
September 9
 1941
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
September 11
 1949
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
July 17
 1954
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
October 5
 1957
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
October 4
 1958
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
September 9
 1959
Katrina
Category 1 hurricane
August 31
 1967
Pauline
Category 1 hurricane
October 2
 1968
Irah
Category 1 hurricane
September 26
 1973
Doreen
Category 1 hurricane
August 15
 1977
Paul
Category 2 hurricane
September 29
 1982
Kiko
Category 3 hurricane
August 27
 1989
Lester
Category 1 hurricane
August 23
 1992
Henriette
Category 2 hurricane
September 4
 1995
Fausto
Category 1 hurricane
September 13
 1996
Nora
Category 1 hurricane
September 25
 1997
Ignacio
Category 1 hurricane
August 25
 2003
Marty
Category 2 hurricane
September 22
 2003
John
Category 2 hurricane
September 2
 2006
Henriette
Category 1 hurricane
September 4
 2007
Norbert
Category 2 hurricane
October 11
 2008
Jimena
Category 2 hurricane
September 2
 2009
Odile
Category 3 hurricane
September 15
 2014
Newton
Category 1 hurricane
September 6
 2016
Lorena
Category 1 hurricane
September 21
 2019
Olaf
Category 2 hurricane
September 10
 2021

Colima

[edit]
Name Saffir–Simpson
Category 		Date of closest approach Year
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
October 16
 1955
Unnamed
Category 4 hurricane
October 27
 1959
Bridget
Category 2 hurricane
June 17
 1971
Lily
Category 1 hurricane
August 31
 1971
Andres
Category 1 hurricane
June 4
 1979
Eugene
Category 1 hurricane
July 25
 1987
Winifred
Category 2 hurricane
October 9
 1992
Calvin
Category 2 hurricane
July 7
 1993

Guerrero

[edit]
Name Saffir–Simpson
Category 		Date of closest approach Year
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
June 1
 1951
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
June 14
 1956
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
September 18
 1957
Tara
Category 1 hurricane
November 12
 1961
Agatha
Category 2 hurricane
May 25
 1971
Madeline
Category 4 hurricane
October 8
 1976
Cosme
Category 1 hurricane
June 21
 1989
Boris
Category 1 hurricane
June 29
 1996
Hernan
Category 1 hurricane
October 3
 1996
Max
Category 1 hurricane
September 14
 2017
Rick
Category 2 hurricane
October 25
 2021
Otis
Category 5 hurricane
October 25
 2023
John
Category 3 hurricane
September 24
 2024

Jalisco

[edit]
Name Saffir–Simpson
Category 		Date of closest approach Year
Jova
Category 2 hurricane
October 12
 2011
Patricia
Category 4 hurricane
October 23
 2015
Lorena
Category 1 hurricane
September 19
 2019
Nora
Category 1 hurricane
August 28
 2021

Michoacán

[edit]
Name Saffir–Simpson
Category 		Date of closest approach Year
Emily
Category 1 hurricane
June 30
 1963
Virgil
Category 2 hurricane
October 4
 1992
Alma
Category 2 hurricane
June 24
 1996

Nayarit

[edit]
Name Saffir–Simpson
Category 		Date of closest approach Year
Kenna
Category 4 hurricane
October 25
 2002
Roslyn
Category 3 hurricane
October 23
 2022

Oaxaca

[edit]
Name Saffir–Simpson
Category 		Date of closest approach Year
Pauline
Category 2 hurricane
October 9
 1997
Rick
Category 1 hurricane
November 10
 1997
Carlotta
Category 2 hurricane
June 16
 2012
Barbara
Category 1 hurricane
May 29
 2013
Agatha
Category 2 hurricane
May 30
 2022

Sinaloa

[edit]
Name Saffir–Simpson
Category 		Date of closest approach Year
Unnamed
Category 4 hurricane
October 9
 1957
Unnamed
Category 4 hurricane
October 22
 1957
Valerie
Category 1 hurricane
June 25
 1962
Doreen
Category 1 hurricane
October 4
 1962
Mona
Category 1 hurricane
October 19
 1963
Naomi
Category 1 hurricane
September 13
 1968
Orlene
Category 1 hurricane
September 24
 1974
Olivia
Category 3 hurricane
October 25
 1975
Liza
Category 3 hurricane
October 1
 1976
Norma
Category 2 hurricane
October 12
 1981
Paul
Category 2 hurricane
September 29
 1982
Tico
Category 3 hurricane
October 19
 1983
Waldo
Category 2 hurricane
October 9
 1985
Roslyn
Category 1 hurricane
October 22
 1986
Lidia
Category 2 hurricane
September 13
 1993
Rosa
Category 2 hurricane
October 14
 1994
Ismael
Category 1 hurricane
September 15
 1995
Fausto
Category 1 hurricane
September 14
 1996
Isis
Category 1 hurricane
September 3
 1998
Lane
Category 3 hurricane
September 16
 2006
Manuel
Category 1 hurricane
September 19
 2013
Willa
Category 3 hurricane
October 22
 2018
Pamela
Category 1 hurricane
October 13
 2021
Orlene
Category 1 hurricane
October 3
 2022

Sonora

[edit]
Name Saffir–Simpson
Category 		Date of closest approach Year
Katrina
Category 1 hurricane
September 2
 1967
Newton
Category 1 hurricane
September 22
 1986
Paine
Category 1 hurricane
October 2
 1986
Norbert
Category 1 hurricane
October 12
 2008

Landfall table

[edit]
Name Year
Category 5
Category 4
Category 3
Category 2
Category 1
Tropical or
subtropical storm
Tropical or
subtropical depression
 Damage
(USD) 		Deaths Refs
Unnamed 1851 Tamaulipas [2]
Unnamed 1857 Quintana Roo [2]
Unnamed 1859 Veracruz [2]
Unnamed 1866 Quintana Roo, Veracruz [2]
Unamed 1870 Quintana Roo [2]
Unnamed 1878 Tamaulipas [2]
Unnamed 1879 Quintana Roo [2]
Unnamed 1880 Tamaulipas Quintana Roo 2 [2][3]
Unnamed 1886 Tamaulipas [2]
Unnamed 1887 Quintana Roo [2]
Unnamed 1887 Quintana Roo [2]
Unnamed 1888 Quintana Roo, Veracruz [2]
Unnamed 1889 Quintana Roo [2]
Unnamed 1892 Tamaulipas [2]
Unnamed 1893 Quintana Roo [2]
1895 1895 Quintana Roo, Tamaulipas [2]
1903 1903 Quintana Roo Tamaulipas [2]
1909 1909 Quintana Roo, Tamaulipas 3,500 [2][4]
1916 1916 Quintana Roo [2]
Unnamed 1921 Tamaulipas [2]
Unnamed 1922 Quintana Roo Tabasco [2]
Unnamed 1931 Veracruz Quintana Roo [2]
Unnamed 1933 Tamaulipas 3 [2][5]
Unnamed 1933 Tamaulipas 7 [2][6]
Unnamed 1933 Tamaulipas Quintana Roo 135 [2][7]
Unnamed 1933 Quintana Roo Tamaulipas 125 [2][8]
Unnamed 1936 Tamaulipas [2]
Unnamed 1936 Veracruz [2]
Unnamed 1938 Quintana Roo Tamaulipas 9 [2][9]
Unnamed 1941 Baja California Sur 15 [10]
Unnamed 1942 Quintana Roo [2]
Unnamed 1943 Sinaloa $4.5 million 100 [11]
Unnamed 1944 Quintana Roo, Tabasco 200 [2][12]
Charlie 1947 Veracruz 48 [13][14]
Unnamed 1949 Baja California Sur [15]
Item 1950 Veracruz $1.5 million [13][16]
Unnamed 1951 Guerrero [17]
Charlie 1951 Quintana Roo Tamaulipas $1.16 million 257 [13][18][19]
Alice 1954 Tamaulipas 38 [13][20]
Unnamed 1954 Baja California Sur [21]
Gladys 1955 Tamaulipas 2 [13][22]
Hilda 1955 Quintana Roo, Tamaulipas 236 [13][23]
Janet 1955 Quintana Roo Veracruz $4 million 500 [13][24]
Unnamed 1955 Colima 40 [25][26]
Unnamed 1956 Guerrero [27]
Anna 1956 Veracruz [13]
Unnamed 1957 Guerrero 7 [28][29]
Unnamed 1957 Baja California Sur Sonora 2 [30][31]
Unnamed 1957 Sinaloa $8 million 8 [32][33][34]
Unnamed 1958 Baja California Sur Sonora 2 [35][36]
Unnamed 1959 Baja California Sur Baja California [37]
Unnamed 1959 Colima $280 million 1,500 [38][39][40]
Tara 1961 Guerrero $16 million 436 [41][42][43]
Valerie 1962 Sinaloa [44]
Doreen 1962 Sinaloa [45]
Emily 1963 Michoacán [46]
Mona 1963 Sinaloa [47]
Inez 1966 Tamaulipas $154 million 74 [13][48][49]
Katrina 1967 Baja California Sur, Sonora 77 [50][51]
Beulah 1967 Quintana Roo, Tamaulipas 19 [13][52]
Olivia 1967 Baja California Sur Baja California Sur 61 [51]
Naomi 1968 Sinaloa $1.6 million 4 [53][54]
Pauline 1968 Baja California Sur Sonora [53][50]
Ella 1970 Tamaulipas 1 [55][56]
Agatha 1971 Guerrero [57]
Bridget 1971 Colima $4 million 17 [57][42]
Lily 1971 Colima 12 [57]
Brenda 1973 Campeche Quintana Roo 10 [58]
Irah 1973 Baja California Sur Sinaloa [50][59]
Dolores 1974 Guerrero $2 million 22 [60][61]
Carmen 1974 Quintana Roo $10 million 4 [62][63]
Orlene 1974 Sinaloa [64]
Caroline 1975 Tamaulipas [65]
Olivia 1975 Sinaloa $20 million 30 [66]
Liza 1976 Sinaloa 1,000 [67][68]
Madeline 1976 Guerrero 5 [67][69]
Doreen 1977 Baja California Sur [50]
Anita 1977 Tamaulipas 10 [70][71]
Andres 1979 Colima [72]
Norma 1981 Sinaloa $24 million 6 [73]
Paul 1982 Baja California Sur, Sinaloa $70 million 8 [74]
Barry 1983 Tamaulipas [13]
Tico 1983 Sinaloa $200 million 135 [75][76][77]
Waldo 1985 Sinaloa [78]
Newton 1986 Sonora [79]
Paine 1986 Sonora [79]
Roslyn 1986 Sinaloa [79]
Eugene 1987 Colima $142 million 3 [80]
Debby 1988 Veracruz 10 [81][82]
Gilbert 1988 Quintana Roo Tamaulipas $2 billion 202 [83]
Cosme 1989 Guerrero 30 [84]
Kiko 1989 Baja California Sur [85]
Diana 1990 Veracruz $90.7 million 139 [86]
Lester 1992 Baja California Sur Sonora $3 million 3 [87]
Virgil 1992 Michoacán [88]
Winifred 1992 Colima $5 million 3 [89][90]
Calvin 1993 Colima Baja California Sur $32 million 34 [91][92]
Lidia 1993 Sinaloa 7 [93]
Gert 1993 Veracruz 156 million 45 [94][95]
Rosa 1994 Sinaloa 4 [96][97]
Henriette 1995 Baja California Sur [98]
Ismael 1995 Sinaloa $26 million 116 [99][100]
Roxanne 1995 Quintana Roo 1.5 billion 14 [101]
Alma 1996 Michoacán 20 [102]
Boris 1996 Guerrero 5 [103]
Dolly 1996 Quintana Roo, Veracruz 14 [104]
Fausto 1996 Baja California Sur, Sinaloa $100,000 1 [105][106]
Hernan 1996 Guerrero 0 [107]
Nora 1997 Baja California Sur, Baja California 2 [108]
Pauline 1997 Oaxaca $448 million 230 [109][110]
Rick 1997 Oaxaca 0 [111]
Isis 1998 Sinaloa $50 million 14 [112][113]
Keith 2000 Tamaulipas $365,938 23 [114][115][116]
Isidore 2002 Yucatán $950 million 17 [117][118][119]
Kenna 2002 Nayarit $96 million 4 [120][121]
Erika 2003 Tamaulipas 2 [122]
Ignacio 2003 Baja California Sur $21.2 million 4 [123][124][125]
Marty 2003 Baja California Sur $81.8 million 12 [126][127]
Emily 2005 Quintana Roo Tamaulipas $834 million 0 [128][129]
Stan 2005 Veracruz Quintana Roo $1.28 billion 91 [128][130]
Wilma 2005 Quintana Roo $4.84 billion 8 [128][131]
John 2006 Baja California Sur $60.8 million 5 [132][133]
Lane 2006 Sinaloa $203 million 4 [134][135]
Lorenzo 2007 Veracruz $92 million 6 [136][137]
Dean 2007 Quintana Roo Veracruz $184 million 13 [138][139]
Henriette 2007 Baja California Sur Sonora $25 million 11 [140]
Norbert 2008 Baja California Sur Sonora $84 million 25 [141][142][143][144]
Jimena 2009 Baja California Sur Baja California Sur $174 million 9 [145][146]
Alex 2010 Tamaulipas $1.5 billion 12 [147]
Karl 2010 Veracruz Quintana Roo $3.9 billion 22 [148][149]
Jova 2011 Jalisco $191 million 9 [150][151][152][153]
Carlotta 2012 Oaxaca $12.4 million 7 [154][155]
Ernesto 2012 Quintana Roo Veracruz $174 million 12 [156]
Barbara 2013 Oaxaca $358 million 3 [157][158]
Ingrid 2013 Tamaulipas $1.5 billion 32 [159][160]
Manuel 2013 Sinaloa Michoacán $4.2 billion 123 [161][162]
Odile 2014 Baja California Sur Sonora $1.25 billion 12 [163][164]
Patricia 2015 Jalisco $325 million 6 [165]
Newton 2016 Baja California Sur Sonora $95 million 9 [166]
Franklin 2017 Veracruz Quintana Roo $15 million 0 [167][168]
Katia 2017 Veracruz $3.26 million 3 [169][170][171][172]
Max 2017 Guerrero $76.4 million 4 [173][174][175][176]
Willa 2018 Sinaloa $820 million 9 [177][178][179][180][181][182]
Lorena 2019 Jalisco, Baja California Sur $100,000 1 [183][184]
Gamma 2020 Quintana Roo Quintana Roo $100 million 6 [185][186]
Delta 2020 Quintana Roo $185 million 2 [187]
Zeta 2020 Quintana Roo $195,000 0 [188][189]
Grace 2021 Veracruz Quintana Roo $300 million 9 [190][191]
Nora 2021 Jalisco Sinaloa $193 million 3 [192][193]
Olaf 2021 Baja California Sur $10 million 1 [194]
Pamela 2021 Sinaloa $97 million 0 [195][193]
Rick 2021 Guerrero $26.1 million 1 [196][193]
Agatha 2022 Oaxaca $50 million 9 [197][198]
Orlene 2022 Sinaloa $600,000 0 [199]
Roslyn 2022 Nayarit $56.7 million 4 [200][201]
Otis 2023 Guerrero $12 billion 52 [202]
Beryl 2024 Quintana Roo $90 million 0 [203][204]
John 2024 Guerrero Michoacán $10 billion 29 [205][206][207]

Climatological statistics

[edit]

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ E. Jáuregui (October 2003). "Climatology of landfalling hurricanes and tropical storms in Mexico". Atmósfera. 16 (4). Retrieved November 2, 2024.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae "Atlantic hurricane best track (HURDAT version 2)" (Database). United States National Hurricane Center. April 5, 2023. Retrieved November 22, 2024. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  3. ^ "Barometric Pressure" (PDF). Monthly Weather Review. 8 (8). Washington, D.C.: United States Department of War: 2–7. August 1880. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1880)88[2b:BP]2.0.CO;2. Retrieved 19 June 2018.
  4. ^ "A 110 años del huracán que mató a 4 mil 500 regios". August 26, 2019. Retrieved November 10, 2024.
  5. ^ "Few Casualties in Mexico by Storm". Amarillo Daily News. July 10, 1933. p. 7.
  6. ^ "Mexico Flood Drowns Seven". The Salt Lake Tribune. Mexico City, Mexico. Associated Press. August 6, 1933. p. 1. Retrieved December 24, 2015 – via Newspapers.com. Free access icon
  7. ^ "Death Toll of Mexican Tropical Storm is large". The Williamson County Sun. September 22, 1933. p. 7.
  8. ^ "Vaccinations in Tampico on General Scale". Dubois, Pa. - The Courier-Express. United Press International. September 29, 1933. p. 1.
  9. ^ "9 Killed in Mexico by Storm". The Town Talk. Vol. 56, no. 143. Alexandria, Louisiana. August 30, 1938. p. 1. Retrieved March 15, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
  10. ^ Hurd, Willis (September 1941). "Weather on the North Pacific Ocean". Monthly Weather Review. 69 (11): 340. Bibcode:1941MWRv...69..340H. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1941)069<0340:WOTNPO>2.0.CO;2. Retrieved May 17, 2013.
  11. ^ Sumner, Howard C. (November 1943). "North Atlantic hurricanes and tropical disturbances of 1943" (PDF). Monthly Weather Review. 71 (11). U.S. Weather Bureau: 179–183. Bibcode:1943MWRv...71..179S. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1943)71<179:NAHATD>2.0.CO;2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 September 2008.
  12. ^ Woolard, Edgar W. (December 1944). "North Atlantic Hurricanes and Tropical Disturbances of 1944" (PDF). Monthly Weather Review. 72 (12). Washington, D.C.: Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory: 237. Bibcode:1944MWRv...72..237S. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1944)072<0237:NAHATD>2.0.CO;2. Retrieved May 15, 2017.
  13. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "International Atlantic Hurricane Landfalls 1946-1970 and 1983-2023". Hurricane Research Division. Retrieved November 8, 2024.
  14. ^ "Ninety-one persons Dead or Missing in Mexico Hurricane". Mexia News. United Press International. August 21, 1947. p. 6. Retrieved May 3, 2017 – via Newspapers.com.
  15. ^ "IBTrACS - International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship".
  16. ^ Staff Writer (1950-10-12). "Hurricane Toll High". The Leader-Post. United Press International. Archived from the original on 2016-05-06. Retrieved 2011-01-27.
  17. ^ "IBTrACS - International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship".
  18. ^ Grady Norton (1952). "Hurricanes of 1951" (PDF). Weather Bureau Office. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-05-25. Retrieved 2011-01-09.
  19. ^ "Hurricane Toll Rises to 413". Racine Journal Times. United Press. September 1, 1951. p. 2.
  20. ^ Davis, Walter R. (December 1954). "Hurricanes of 1954" (PDF). Monthly Weather Review. United States Department of Commerce. p. 370. Retrieved 2007-02-06.
  21. ^ "IBTrACS - International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship".
  22. ^ "Floods Hit Mexico City, Peril Texas". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Associated Press. 1955-09-06. p. 1. Retrieved 2013-02-13.
  23. ^ "Tampico Deaths Rise to 236". Idaho State Journal. United Press. September 25, 1955. p. 1.
  24. ^ Gordon E. Dunn; Walter R. Davis; Paul L. Moore (December 1955). "Hurricanes of 1955" (PDF). Monthly Weather Review. 83 (12). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration: 315–326. Bibcode:1955MWRv...83..315D. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1955)083<0315:HO>2.0.CO;2. Retrieved 2011-09-10.
  25. ^ "IBTrACS - International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship".
  26. ^ "40 People Reported Drowned". Las Vegas Daily Optic. United Press. October 18, 1955. p. 1.
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