Toviscanga

Toviscanga was a former Tongva village now located at Mission San Gabriel Arcángel in San Gabriel, California.^[1] Alternative spellings for the village include Tobiscanga. The name of Tuvasak was the Payómkawichum name for the village.^[2] The village was closely situated to the village of Sibagna.^[2]

In 1771, the original site of Mission San Gabriel was constructed near the village. However, a flash flood destroyed this building, which caused the Spanish missionaries to relocate it to the village of Toviscanga in 1776.^[3]^[4] This was similar to how Mission San Juan Capistrano was built less than sixty yards from the village of Acjacheme in 1776.^[5]

The village location as being at Mission San Gabriel was referenced by Junipero Serra as the site of the mission, as reflected in a title he gave for his book of confirmations in 1778: "Este Mision del Santo Principe el Arcángel San Gabriel de los Temblores alias Toviscanga."^[6]

Residents of the village spoke a specific dialect of the Tongva language, referred to in records as the San Gabriel dialect. In 1875, two older men reportedly spoke the dialect. In 1882, the dialect was written to be nearly extinct. A Franciscan missionary Jose Maria Zalvadeas reportedly gave a sermon and translated Christian prayers in the language to convert the villagers. In 1824, he reportedly had written grammatical rules for the language in a dictionary. However, in 1882, the whereabouts of this document were declared unknown.^[1]

References

^ ^a ^b Peet, Stephen Denison (1881–82). Gatschet, Alb. S. (ed.). The American Antiquarian and Oriental Journal. Jameson & Morse. p. 73.
^ ^a ^b Handbook of American Indians north of Mexico. Volume IV, T to Z. Frederick Webb Hodge. Scituate, MA. 2003. p. 796. ISBN 978-1-58218-756-3. OCLC 961309517.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: others (link)
^ University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology. University of California. 1907. p. 141.
^ Hodge, Frederick Webb (1968). Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico, Volume 2. Scholarly Press. p. 796.
^ O'Neil, Stephen; Evans, Nancy H. (1980). "Notes on Historical Juaneno Villages and Geographical Features". UC Merced Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology. 2 (2): 226–232.
^ The Masterkey, Volume 31. Southwest Museum. 1957. p. 125.

34°05′52″N 118°06′24″W / 34.0977°N 118.1068°W / 34.0977; -118.1068

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[:0-1] Peet, Stephen Denison (1881–82). Gatschet, Alb. S. (ed.). The American Antiquarian and Oriental Journal. Jameson & Morse. p. 73.

[:1-2] Handbook of American Indians north of Mexico. Volume IV, T to Z. Frederick Webb Hodge. Scituate, MA. 2003. p. 796. ISBN 978-1-58218-756-3. OCLC 961309517.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: others (link)

[3] University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology. University of California. 1907. p. 141.

[4] Hodge, Frederick Webb (1968). Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico, Volume 2. Scholarly Press. p. 796.

[:5-5] O'Neil, Stephen; Evans, Nancy H. (1980). "Notes on Historical Juaneno Villages and Geographical Features". UC Merced Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology. 2 (2): 226–232.

[6] The Masterkey, Volume 31. Southwest Museum. 1957. p. 125.

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v t e Pre-Columbian North America
Periods Lithic Archaic Formative Classic Post-Classic
Archaeological cultures	Adena Alachua Ancient Beringian Ancestral Pueblo (Anasazi) Anishinaabe Avonlea Baytown Belle Glade Buttermilk Creek complex Caborn-Welborn Cades Pond Calf Creek Caloosahatchee Clovis Coles Creek Comondú Deptford Folsom Fort Ancient Fort Walton Fremont Glacial Kame Glades Hohokam Hopewell List of Hopewell sites La Jolla Las Palmas Maritime Archaic Mississippian List of Mississippian sites Mogollon Monongahela Old Cordilleran Oneota Paleo-Arctic Paleo-Indians Patayan Plano Plaquemine Poverty Point Red Ocher Safety Harbor Santa Rosa-Swift Creek St. Johns Steed-Kisker Suwannee Valley Tchefuncte Troyville Weeden Island
Archaeological sites	Angel Mounds Anzick site Bandelier National Monument Bastian Benson Blue Spring Shelter Bluefish Caves The Bluff Point Stoneworks Brewster Cahokia Candelaria Cave Casa Grande Chaco Canyon Coso Rock Art District Crystal River Cuarenta Casas Cueva de la Olla Cutler Eaker El Fin del Mundo El Vallecito Effigy Mounds Etowah Indian Mounds Eva Folsom Fort Ancient Fort Center Fort Juelson Four Mounds Gila Cliff Dwellings Glenwood Grimes Point Helen Blazes Holly Bluff Hopewell Culture National Historical Park Horr's Island Huápoca Key Marco Kimball Village Kincaid Mounds Kolomoki Mounds Lake Jackson Mounds Lehner Mammoth-Kill Site L'Anse aux Meadows Lynch Quarry Site Marksville Marmes Rockshelter Meadowcroft Rockshelter Mesa Verde Moaning Cavern Moorehead Circle Morrison Mounds Moundville Mummy Cave Nodena site Ocmulgee Mounds Old Stone Fort Orwell site Paquime Painted Bluff Parkin Park Pinson Mounds Plum Bayou Mounds Portsmouth Earthworks Poverty Point Pueblo Bonito Rassawek Recapture Canyon River Styx Roberts Island Rock Eagle Rock Hawk Rosenstock Village Russell Cave Salmon Ruins Serpent Mound Sierra de San Francisco Shell ring sites Spiro Mounds Stallings Island SunWatch Taos Pueblo Town Creek Indian Mound Turkey River Mounds Upward Sun River Velda Mound West Oak Forest Earthlodge Wickiup Hill Windover Winterville Wupatki
Human remains	Anzick-1 Arlington Springs Man Buhl Woman Kennewick Man La Brea Woman Leanderthal Lady Melbourne Man Minnesota Woman Peñon woman Spirit Cave mummy Vero man
Miscellaneous	Aridoamerica Ballgame Black drink Ceremonial pipe Chanunpa Chunkey Clovis point Container Revolution Eastern Agricultural Complex Eden point Effigy mound Falcon dancer Folsom point Green Corn Ceremony Horned Serpent Kiva Medicine wheel Metallurgy Mi'kmaq hieroglyphic writing Mound Builders N.A.G.P.R.A. Norse colonization of North America Oasisamerica Piasa Projectile point Southeastern Ceremonial Complex Stickball Three Sisters agriculture Thunderbird Transoceanic contact Underwater panther Water glyphs
Related Genetic history Pre-Columbian era

v t e Former settlements of Los Angeles County, California
Post-colonial placenames; for settlements of indigenous peoples, see Tongva villages
Old placenames: Annandale Bairdstown Barnes City Bartolo Colegrove Edendale Eldoradoville Falling Springs Girard Holland Summit Ivanhoe Lankershim Las Tunas Little Lake Malibu Mar Vista Mentryville Mission Acres Moneta Mud Spring Old Chinatown Owensmouth Palisades Del Rey Savannah Sonoratown Tropico Victorian Downtown Virgenes Wahoo Walteria Wilmar Wilsona Zaferia
Rail stops: Alla Cypress Grove Holton Hyperion Machado Motordrome Port Ballona
Stagecoach stops: Cow Springs King's Station Lyons Station Widow Smith's Station
Townships: Los Angeles Township San Jose Township Soledad Township Tejon Township

See also

References