Timeline of strikes in 1989
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In 1989, a number of labour strikes, labour disputes, and other industrial actions occurred.
Background
[edit]A labour strike is a work stoppage caused by the mass refusal of employees to work. This can include wildcat strikes, which are done without union authorisation, and slowdown strikes, where workers reduce their productivity while still carrying out minimal working duties. It is usually a response to employee grievances, such as low pay or poor working conditions. Strikes can also occur to demonstrate solidarity with workers in other workplaces or pressure governments to change policies.
Timeline
[edit] |
Continuing strikes from 1988
[edit]- 1988–89 Baltimore Symphony Orchestra strike, 22-week strike by Baltimore Symphony Orchestra musicians, the longest symphony strike in the United States at that point.[1]
- 1986–90 Colt strike, 4-year strike by Colt Firearms workers in the United States.[2][3]
- 1988–89 Hyundai strike, 3-month strike by Hyundai workers in South Korea.[4][5]
- First Intifada, including strikes, against the Israeli occupation of Palestine.
- Karabakh movement, including strikes, in the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic, demanding transfer of the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast to Armenia.[6]
- 1988–89 P&O strike[7]
- 1988–91 United States jai alai strike, 3-year strike by jai alai players in the United States.[8][9][10]
- 1988–90 Zimbabwe healthcare strikes, series of strikes by healthcare workers, including doctors and nurses, in Zimbabwe.[11][12]
January
[edit]- 1989 Adelphi University strike, strike by clerical workers at Adelphi University in the United States.[13][14]
- 1989 Clabecq strike, strike at the Forges of Clabecq in Belgium.[15]
- 1989 Fishery Products International strike, strike by Fishery Products International workers in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada.[16]
- 1989 Greek judicial strike, 10-day strike by judicial workers in Greece in protest against terrorist attacks targeting the judicial system.[17]
- 1989 Mexican oil strike, by Sindicato de Trabajadores Petroleros de la República Mexicana members after the arrest of Joaquin Hernandez Galicia, the union's leader.[18]
- 1989 Mexican teachers' strike, 5-month strike by teachers in Mexico represented by the Coordinadora Nacional de Trabajadores de la Educación.[19][20]
- 1989 Moscow air traffic controllers dispute[21][22]
- 1989 prisoners' hunger strike in South Africa, 24-day hunger strike by prisoners in South Africa, demanding the end of an emergency decree that allowed the South African apartheid government to detail individuals deemed a threat to public safety without charges or trial.[23][24]
- 1989–1990 unrest in Benin
February
[edit]- 1989 Corsican public sector strike, strike by public sector workers in Corsica.[25][26]
- 1989 Kosovo miners' strike
March
[edit]- 1989 Brazilian general strike, 48-hour general strike in Brazil against wage freezes.[27][28]
- 1989 Eastern Air Lines strike, 285-day strike by pilots at Eastern Air Lines in the United States.[29][30]
April
[edit]- Pittston Coal strike
- 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre, including hunger strikes.
May
[edit]- 1989 BBC strikes, series of strikes by BBC journalists and technicians over wages.[31]
- 1989 Los Angeles teachers' strike, 9-day strike by teachers in Los Angeles, United States, represented by the United Teachers Los Angeles, over wages and administrative control.[32][33]
- 1989 Philippines general strike, general strike in the Philippines over wages.[34]
- 1989 Turkish steelworkers' strike[35]
June
[edit]- 1989 Daewoo strike[36]
- 1989 Dominican Republic general strike[37]
- 1989 prisoners' hunger strike in Turkey, in protest against prison conditions.[38][39]
July
[edit]- 1990s Donbas miners' strikes
- 1989 Highland Valley strike, 3-and-a-half month strike by miners at the Highland Valley Copper mine in Canada.[40]
- 1989 Siberian miners' strike, 11-day strike by coal miners in Siberia, the Soviet Union.[41][42]
August
[edit]- 1989 Australian pilots' dispute
- 1989 Helwan strike, strike by steelworkers in Helwan, Egypt.[43][44]
- 1989 Indian general strike, general strike by opponents of Rajiv Gandhi's government in India.[45]
- 1989 NYNEX strike, 15-week strike by NYNEX telephone workers in the United States.[46][47]
- 1989 Russians in Estonia strike, strike by Russians in Estonia in the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic, organised by the Intermovement, against a new law on voting rights passed by the Popular Front of Estonia.[48][49]
September
[edit]- 1989 Azerbaijani rail strike, strike by Azerbaijani rail workers aiming to block entry of goods into Armenia, part of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict.[50][51]
- 1989–1990 British ambulance strike
- 1989 New York City Opera strike, 7-week strike by New York City Opera musicians in the United States.[52][53]
- 1989 Québec nurses' strike[54]
- 1989 Peugeot strike, 7-week strike by Peugeot automobile workers in France.[55][56]
October
[edit]- 1989 Boeing strike, 48-day strike by Boeing factory workers in the United States against forced overtime.[57][58]
- 1989 Bolivian teachers' strike[59][60]
November
[edit]- 1989–90 British Aerospace strike, 5-month strike by British Aerospace calling for a 35-hour work week.[61]
- 1989 Colombian judicial strike, strike by judges and judicial workers in Colombia following the killing of a judge in Medellín.[62]
- 1989 TELCO strike, strike by TATA Engineering and Locomotive Company workers in Pune.[63][64]
December
[edit]Changes in legisation
[edit]In October, the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union passed a bill that granted Soviet workers limited rights to strike.[65]
References
[edit]- ^ "Baltimore Symphony Ends Its Strike". The New York Times. 20 February 1989. Retrieved 17 October 2024.
- ^ "Colt strike enters fourth year". UPI. 24 January 1989. Retrieved 17 October 2024.
- ^ "Workers Rejoice at End Of 4-Year Strike at Colt". The New York Times. 1 April 1990. Retrieved 17 October 2024.
- ^ Maass, Peter (30 March 1989). "RIOT POLICE CRUSH SHIPYARD STRIKE IN SOUTH KOREA". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 17 October 2024.
- ^ "S. Korea Riots Continue Over Ending of Strike". Los Angeles Times. 3 April 1989. Retrieved 17 October 2024.
- ^ "Armenians Ask End to Strike". The New York Times. 17 July 1988. Retrieved 16 October 2024.
- ^ "1988-1989: P&O seafarers' strike". LibCom. 10 September 2006. Retrieved 16 October 2024.
- ^ Tribune, Chicago (August 14, 1988). "AMERICAN PLAYERS FILL THE VOID DURING JAI ALAI STRIKE, BUT NOT". Chicago Tribune.
- ^ https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/sports/1989/02/25/unintentionally-jai-alai-becomes-amateur-sport/4679bfeb-30e2-4365-bab5-d38ae4a1b104/
- ^ Mooney, Michael J. (February 28, 2013). "What happened to Jai Alai?". SBNation.com.
- ^ "At Least 60 Doctors Arrested In Zimbabwe Hospital Strike". The New York Times. 15 June 1989. Retrieved 17 October 2024.
- ^ Mwonzora, Gift (June 18, 2024). "'The Hand that Gives and the Hand that Takes': The Taming of Zimbabwe Medical Doctors Industrial Job Action". Journal of Asian and African Studies. 59 (4): 1101–1116. doi:10.1177/00219096221130341 – via CrossRef.
- ^ "CAMPUS LIFE: Adelphi University; When Secretaries Are Away, Who's to Pay?". The New York Times. 26 February 1989. Retrieved 17 October 2024.
- ^ Rosenberg, Daniel (September 29, 2024). "A Strike: Lessons in Solidarity". Review of Radical Political Economics. doi:10.1177/04866134241276552 – via CrossRef.
- ^ Vandendries, Jean (1 March 1989). "Forges de Clabecq". Le Soir. Retrieved 17 October 2024.
- ^ "Labour Day: A look back at the strikes, pickets and conflicts of the 1980s". CBC News. 7 September 2020. Retrieved 17 October 2024.
- ^ "Greek Jurists Protest Attacks". The New York Times. 25 January 1989. Retrieved 17 October 2024.
- ^ Treaster, Jospeh B. (12 January 1989). "Arrest of Oil Union Chief in Mexico Sets Off Strike". The New York Times. Retrieved 17 October 2024.
- ^ La Botz, Dan (10 August 2018). "The Long Struggle of Mexican Teachers". Jacobin. Retrieved 17 October 2024.
- ^ Rohter, Larry (21 May 1989). "Mexican Teachers Win Raises and End Strike". The New York Times. Retrieved 17 October 2024.
- ^ Mitchell, Charles (22 February 1989). "Moscow traffic controllers protest wages, conditions". UPI. Retrieved 17 October 2024.
- ^ Burns, John F. (23 February 1989). "Irate Soviet Air-Traffic Controllers Shun Pay". The New York Times. Retrieved 17 October 2024.
- ^ Kraft, Scott (17 February 1989). "Hunger Strike Ends; S. Africa Regime Yields : Government Pledges to Free a 'Substantial Number' of Detainees". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 17 October 2024.
- ^ Masemola, Katishi (18 February 2024). "How the hunger strike of '89 helped bring freedom". Sunday Times. Retrieved 17 October 2024.
- ^ Universalis, Encyclopædia. "France. Fin de la grève des fonctionnaires corses. 1er-30 avril 1989 - Événement". Encyclopædia Universalis.
- ^ "La grève des fonctionnaires en Corse". April 12, 1989 – via Le Monde.
- ^ "The World - News from March 15, 1989". Los Angeles Times. 15 March 1989. Retrieved 17 October 2024.
- ^ Badaro, Marcelo (23 May 2017). "The Continental Strikes". Jacobin. Retrieved 17 October 2024.
- ^ "Walter P. Reuther Library". reuther.wayne.edu.
- ^ Salpukas, Algis (20 January 1991). "Eastern Airlines Brought Down by a Strike So Bitter It Became a Crusade". The New York Times. Retrieved 17 October 2024.
- ^ "P.M. BRIEFING : BBC Hit by Fourth One-Day Strike". Los Angeles Times. 26 May 1989. Retrieved 17 October 2024.
- ^ Smith, Doug (10 January 2019). "Here's what happened in the last two LAUSD teachers' strikes, in 1970 and 1989". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 17 October 2024.
- ^ Gonzalez, Saul (8 January 2019). "In 1989 LA teachers went on strike. Has anything changed?". KCRW. Retrieved 17 October 2024.
- ^ "Philippine Workers on Strike". The New York Times. 30 May 1989. Retrieved 17 October 2024.
- ^ "Strike in Turkey Ends". Los Angeles Times. 19 September 2019. Retrieved 17 October 2024.
- ^ "Koreans Settle Shipyard Strike". The New York Times. 28 June 1989. Retrieved 17 October 2024.
- ^ "3 Are Killed in Street Clashes In Dominican Republic Strike". The New York Times. 20 June 1989. Retrieved 17 October 2024.
- ^ Bennett, Samantha (16 April 2011). "Turkish political prisoners hunger strike for improved conditions, 1989". Global Nonviolent Action Database. Retrieved 17 October 2024.
- ^ Haberman, Clyde (13 August 1989). "Charges of Abuse Revived at Turkish Prisons". The New York Times. Retrieved 17 October 2024.
- ^ "FUTURES/OPTIONS; Copper Plummets as Strike Is Settled at Mine in Canada". The New York Times. 21 October 1989. Retrieved 17 October 2024.
- ^ Clines, Francis X. (20 July 1989). "Some of Siberia's Miners Return; Gorbachev Calls Strike a Crisis". The New York Times. Retrieved 17 October 2024.
- ^ Rosen, James (21 July 1989). "Siberian miners end 11-day strike". UPI. Retrieved 17 October 2024.
- ^ Cowell, Alan (30 August 1989). "Cairo Accused of Torturing 52 Seized During Strike". The New York Times. Retrieved 17 October 2024.
- ^ Lee, Eric (24 August 2012). "Egypt's Unfinished Labor Revolution". In These Times. Retrieved 17 October 2024.
- ^ Crossette, Barbara (31 August 1989). "Anti-Government General Strike Leaves at Least 11 Dead in India". The New York Times. Retrieved 17 October 2024.
- ^ Early, Steve (13 July 2019). "How a Telephone Workers' Strike Thirty Years Ago Aided the Fight for Single Payer". Jacobin. Retrieved 17 October 2024.
- ^ "New England Telephone Workers' Strike – Special Collections & University Archives".
- ^ "Russians in Estonia Pledge To Continue Strike Over Law". The New York Times. 13 August 1989. Retrieved 17 October 2024.
- ^ Clines, Francis X. (11 August 1989). "Estonia Prohibits Further Strikes By Russians Protesting New Law". The New York Times. Retrieved 17 October 2024.
- ^ "Azerbaijan Rail Strike Is Reported After Ban". The New York Times. 9 October 1989. Retrieved 17 October 2024.
- ^ "AZERBAIJANIS END STRIKE, LET SUPPLIES INTO ARMENIA". The Washington Post. 10 October 1989. Retrieved 17 October 2024.
- ^ "Federal Negotiator Joins City Opera Strike Talks". The New York Times. 7 October 1989. Retrieved 17 October 2024.
- ^ Price, Walter (4 November 1989). "Tentative Agreement Likely in N.Y. City Opera Strike". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 17 October 2024.
- ^ "Entretien avec Diane Lavallée au sujet de la grève des infirmières (1989) – Centre d'histoire des régulations sociales". June 11, 2020.
- ^ Snégaroff, Thomas (29 March 2016). "Le scandale de la rémunération du patron de Peugeot... Jacques Calvet". FranceInfo. Retrieved 17 October 2024.
- ^ Bodin, Laurent (29 September 2019). "Peugeot Mulhouse : sept semaines de grève et un formidable élan de solidarité". L'Alsace-Le Pays. Retrieved 17 October 2024.
- ^ Egan, Timothy (22 November 1989). "Lured by Bonuses, Workers Vote to End Strike at Boeing". The New York Times. Retrieved 17 October 2024.
- ^ "Strike of 1989 and Overtime". IAM District 751. 8 January 2019. Retrieved 17 October 2024.
- ^ "WORLD : Bolivia Imposes State of Siege". Los Angeles Times. 15 November 1989. Retrieved 17 October 2024.
- ^ Zuazo, Alberto (6 November 1989). "Strikes confront Bolivian government". UPI. Retrieved 17 October 2024.
- ^ "The BAe strike 1989 - 1990 - Kingston Aviation". November 8, 2022.
- ^ https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4743&context=notisur
- ^ "Remembering George Fernandes: 'His simplicity appealed to activists, he urged us not to sway from our ideology'". January 30, 2019.
- ^ "TELCO workers intensify agitation". India Today. November 15, 1989.
- ^ "Soviet Legislature Approves Law Providing Limited Right to Strike". The New York Times. 10 October 1989. Retrieved 17 October 2024.