Template:List of chemical elements/testcases
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Selected elements
[edit]- Oct 2020
- Developmente state. This background color shows the new rows.
- To compare old row with new row per element, click sort by Z.
- (outdated)
Footnotes NEW
[edit]- Notation forms
Notes
- ^ s.a.w. conventional, abridged
- ^ a b [ ] — massnumber. Element has no stable isotope. [204] is mass number is of the most stable isotope
- ^ a b ( ) — prediction
- ^ Helium: does not solidify at a pressure of 1 bar (0.99 atm). Helium can only solidify at pressures above 25 atmospheres, which corresponds to a melting point of absolute zero (0 K).
- ^ Arsenic: element sublimes at one atmosphere of pressure.
- ^ a b Abundance is –: Superheavy elements, with Z = 95 and above, do not occur naturally. They can be produced synthetically.
- ^ Unless otherwise indicated, elements are primordial – they occur naturally, and not through decay.
- ^ This element is transient – it occurs only through decay (and in the case of plutonium, also in traces deposited from supernovae onto Earth).
Header, footnotes OLD
[edit]- OLD header
| List of chemical elements | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Z[I] | Symbol | Element | Origin of name[1][2] | Group | Period | Atomic weight[3][4] | Density | Melting point[5] | Boiling point | C[I] | Electronegativity | Abundance in Earth's crust[II] |
| (u) | (g/cm3) | (K) | (K) | (J/g · K) | (mg/kg) | |||||||
Notes
- ^ a b c d Z is the standard symbol for atomic number; C is the standard symbol for heat capacity
- ^ a b c Unless otherwise indicated, elements are primordial – they occur naturally, and not through decay.
- ^ The element does not have any stable nuclides, and a value in brackets, e.g. [209], indicates the mass number of the longest-lived isotope of the element. However, four such elements, bismuth, thorium, protactinium, and uranium, have characteristic terrestrial isotopic compositions, and thus their standard atomic weights are given.
- ^ The isotopic composition of this element varies in some geological specimens, and the variation may exceed the uncertainty stated in the table.
- ^ The isotopic composition of the element can vary in commercial materials, which can cause the atomic weight to deviate significantly from the given value.
- ^ The isotopic composition varies in terrestrial material such that a more precise atomic weight can not be given.
- ^ The atomic weight of commercial lithium can vary between 6.939 and 6.996—analysis of the specific material is necessary to find a more accurate value.
- ^ Helium does not solidify at a pressure of one atmosphere. Helium can only solidify at pressures above 25 atmospheres, which corresponds to a melting point of absolute zero.
- ^ This element sublimes at one atmosphere of pressure.
- ^ The value listed is the conventional atomic-weight value suitable for trade and commerce. The actual value may differ depending on the isotopic composition of the sample. Since 2009, IUPAC provides the standard atomic-weight values for these elements using the interval notation. The corresponding standard atomic weights are:
- Hydrogen: [1.00784, 1.00811]
- Lithium: [6.938, 6.997]
- Boron: [10.806, 10.821]
- Carbon: [12.0096, 12.0116]
- Nitrogen: [14.00643, 14.00728]
- Oxygen: [15.99903, 15.99977]
- Magnesium: [24.304, 24.307]
- Silicon: [28.084, 28.086]
- Sulfur: [32.059, 32.076]
- Chlorine: [35.446, 35.457]
- Argon: [39.792, 39.963]
- Bromine: [79.901, 79.907]
- Thallium: [204.382, 204.385]
- ^ The value has not been precisely measured, usually because of the element's short half-life; the value given in parentheses is a prediction.
- ^ Copernicium, with error bars: 283±11 K and 340±10 K respectively. The best experimental value for the boiling point of copernicium is 357+112
−108 K. - ^ This predicted value is for solid oganesson, not gaseous oganesson.
- ^ This element is synthetic – the transuranic elements 95 and above do not occur naturally, but they can all be produced artificially.
- ^ This element is transient – it occurs only through decay (and in the case of plutonium, also in traces deposited from supernovae onto Earth).
- ^ With error bars: 350±30 K.
- ^ "Periodic Table – Royal Society of Chemistry". www.rsc.org.
- ^ "Online Etymology Dictionary". etymonline.com.
- ^ Wieser, Michael E.; Holden, Norman (2013). "Atomic weights of the elements 2011 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure Appl. Chemistry. 85 (5): 1047–1078. doi:10.1351/PAC-REP-13-03-02.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|displayauthors=ignored (|display-authors=suggested) (help) (for standard atomic weights of elements) - ^ Sonzogni, Alejandro. "Interactive Chart of Nuclides". National Nuclear Data Center: Brookhaven National Laboratory. Retrieved 2008-06-06. (for atomic weights of elements with atomic numbers 103–118)
- ^ Holman, S. W.; Lawrence, R. R.; Barr, L. (1 January 1895). "Melting Points of Aluminum, Silver, Gold, Copper, and Platinum". Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. 31: 218–233. doi:10.2307/20020628. JSTOR 20020628.