Template:List of chemical elements

List of chemical elements
Element			Origin of name	Group	Period	Block	Standard atomic weight Ar°(E)	Density	Melting point	Boiling point	Specific heat capacity	Electro­negativity	Abundance in Earth's crust	Origin	Phase at r.t.
Atomic number Z	Symbol	Name					(Da)	(⁠g/cm3⁠)	(K)	(K)	(⁠J/g · K⁠)		(⁠mg/kg⁠)
1	H	Hydrogen	Greek roots hydro- + -gen, 'water-forming'	1	1	s-block	1.0080	0.00008988	14.01	20.28	14.304	2.20	1400	primordial	gas
2	He	Helium	Greek hḗlios 'sun'	18	1	s-block	4.0026	0.0001785	–	4.22	5.193	–	0.008	primordial	gas
3	Li	Lithium	Greek líthos 'stone'	1	2	s-block	6.94	0.534	453.69	1560	3.582	0.98	20	primordial	solid
4	Be	Beryllium	Beryl, mineral (ultimately after Belur, Karnataka, India?)	2	2	s-block	9.0122	1.85	1560	2742	1.825	1.57	2.8	primordial	solid
5	B	Boron	Borax, mineral (from Arabic bawraq, Middle Persian *bōrag)	13	2	p-block	10.81	2.34	2349	4200	1.026	2.04	10	primordial	solid
6	C	Carbon	Latin carbo 'coal'	14	2	p-block	12.011	2.267	>4000	4300	0.709	2.55	200	primordial	solid
7	N	Nitrogen	Greek nítron + -gen, 'niter-forming'	15	2	p-block	14.007	0.0012506	63.15	77.36	1.04	3.04	19	primordial	gas
8	O	Oxygen	Greek oxy- + -gen, 'acid-forming'	16	2	p-block	15.999	0.001429	54.36	90.20	0.918	3.44	461000	primordial	gas
9	F	Fluorine	Latin fluo 'to flow'	17	2	p-block	18.998	0.001696	53.53	85.03	0.824	3.98	585	primordial	gas
10	Ne	Neon	Greek néon 'new'	18	2	p-block	20.180	0.0009002	24.56	27.07	1.03	–	0.005	primordial	gas
11	Na	Sodium	Coined by Humphry Davy who first isolated it, from English soda (specifically caustic soda), via Italian from Arabic ṣudāʕ 'headache'  ·  Symbol Na, from Neo-Latin natrium, coined from German Natron 'natron'	1	3	s-block	22.990	0.968	370.87	1156	1.228	0.93	23600	primordial	solid
12	Mg	Magnesium	Magnesia region, eastern Thessaly, Greece	2	3	s-block	24.305	1.738	923	1363	1.023	1.31	23300	primordial	solid
13	Al	Aluminium	Alumina, from Latin alumen (gen. aluminis) 'bitter salt, alum'	13	3	p-block	26.982	2.70	933.47	2792	0.897	1.61	82300	primordial	solid
14	Si	Silicon	Latin silex 'flint' (originally silicium)	14	3	p-block	28.085	2.3290	1687	3538	0.705	1.9	282000	primordial	solid
15	P	Phosphorus	Greek phōsphóros 'light-bearing'	15	3	p-block	30.974	1.823	317.30	550	0.769	2.19	1050	primordial	solid
16	S	Sulfur	Latin	16	3	p-block	32.06	2.07	388.36	717.87	0.71	2.58	350	primordial	solid
17	Cl	Chlorine	Greek chlōrós 'greenish yellow'	17	3	p-block	35.45	0.0032	171.6	239.11	0.479	3.16	145	primordial	gas
18	Ar	Argon	Greek argós 'idle' (it is inert)	18	3	p-block	39.95	0.001784	83.80	87.30	0.52	–	3.5	primordial	gas
19	K	Potassium	Neo-Latin potassa 'potash', from pot + ash  ·  Symbol K, from Neo-Latin kalium, from German	1	4	s-block	39.098	0.89	336.53	1032	0.757	0.82	20900	primordial	solid
20	Ca	Calcium	Latin calx 'lime'	2	4	s-block	40.078	1.55	1115	1757	0.647	1.00	41500	primordial	solid
21	Sc	Scandium	Latin Scandia 'Scandinavia'	3	4	d-block	44.956	2.985	1814	3109	0.568	1.36	22	primordial	solid
22	Ti	Titanium	Titans, children of Gaia and Ouranos	4	4	d-block	47.867	4.506	1941	3560	0.523	1.54	5650	primordial	solid
23	V	Vanadium	Vanadis, a name for Norse goddess Freyja	5	4	d-block	50.942	6.11	2183	3680	0.489	1.63	120	primordial	solid
24	Cr	Chromium	Greek chróma 'color'	6	4	d-block	51.996	7.15	2180	2944	0.449	1.66	102	primordial	solid
25	Mn	Manganese	Corrupted from magnesia negra; see magnesium	7	4	d-block	54.938	7.21	1519	2334	0.479	1.55	950	primordial	solid
26	Fe	Iron	English, from Proto-Celtic *īsarnom 'iron', from a root meaning 'blood'  ·  Symbol Fe, from Latin ferrum	8	4	d-block	55.845	7.874	1811	3134	0.449	1.83	56300	primordial	solid
27	Co	Cobalt	German Kobold, 'goblin'	9	4	d-block	58.933	8.90	1768	3200	0.421	1.88	25	primordial	solid
28	Ni	Nickel	Nickel, a mischievous sprite in German miner mythology	10	4	d-block	58.693	8.908	1728	3186	0.444	1.91	84	primordial	solid
29	Cu	Copper	English, from Latin cuprum, after Cyprus	11	4	d-block	63.546	8.96	1357.77	2835	0.385	1.90	60	primordial	solid
30	Zn	Zinc	Most likely German Zinke, 'prong, tooth', but some suggest Persian sang 'stone'	12	4	d-block	65.38	7.14	692.88	1180	0.388	1.65	70	primordial	solid
31	Ga	Gallium	Latin Gallia 'France'	13	4	p-block	69.723	5.91	302.9146	2673	0.371	1.81	19	primordial	solid
32	Ge	Germanium	Latin Germania 'Germany'	14	4	p-block	72.630	5.323	1211.40	3106	0.32	2.01	1.5	primordial	solid
33	As	Arsenic	Middle English, from Middle French arsenic, from Greek arsenikón 'yellow arsenic' (influenced by arsenikós 'masculine, virile'), from a West Asian wanderword ultimately from Old Iranian *zarniya-ka 'golden'	15	4	p-block	74.922	5.727	1090	887	0.329	2.18	1.8	primordial	solid
34	Se	Selenium	Greek selḗnē 'moon'	16	4	p-block	78.971	4.81	453	958	0.321	2.55	0.05	primordial	solid
35	Br	Bromine	Greek brômos 'stench'	17	4	p-block	79.904	3.1028	265.8	332.0	0.474	2.96	2.4	primordial	liquid
36	Kr	Krypton	Greek kryptós 'hidden'	18	4	p-block	83.798	0.003749	115.79	119.93	0.248	3.00	1×10−4	primordial	gas
37	Rb	Rubidium	Latin rubidus 'deep red'	1	5	s-block	85.468	1.532	312.46	961	0.363	0.82	90	primordial	solid
38	Sr	Strontium	Strontian, a village in Scotland, where it was found	2	5	s-block	87.62	2.64	1050	1655	0.301	0.95	370	primordial	solid
39	Y	Yttrium	Ytterby, Sweden, where it was found; see terbium, erbium, ytterbium	3	5	d-block	88.906	4.472	1799	3609	0.298	1.22	33	primordial	solid
40	Zr	Zirconium	Zircon, mineral, from Persian zargun 'gold-hued'	4	5	d-block	91.224	6.52	2128	4682	0.278	1.33	165	primordial	solid
41	Nb	Niobium	Niobe, daughter of king Tantalus in Greek myth; see tantalum	5	5	d-block	92.906	8.57	2750	5017	0.265	1.6	20	primordial	solid
42	Mo	Molybdenum	Greek molýbdaina 'piece of lead', from mólybdos 'lead', due to confusion with lead ore galena (PbS)	6	5	d-block	95.95	10.28	2896	4912	0.251	2.16	1.2	primordial	solid
43	Tc	Technetium	Greek tekhnētós 'artificial'	7	5	d-block	[97]	11	2430	4538	–	1.9	~ 3×10−9	from decay	solid
44	Ru	Ruthenium	Neo-Latin Ruthenia 'Russia'	8	5	d-block	101.07	12.45	2607	4423	0.238	2.2	0.001	primordial	solid
45	Rh	Rhodium	Greek rhodóeis 'rose-colored', from rhódon 'rose'	9	5	d-block	102.91	12.41	2237	3968	0.243	2.28	0.001	primordial	solid
46	Pd	Palladium	Pallas, asteroid, then considered a planet	10	5	d-block	106.42	12.023	1828.05	3236	0.244	2.20	0.015	primordial	solid
47	Ag	Silver	English, from Proto-Germanic  ·  Symbol Ag, from Latin argentum	11	5	d-block	107.87	10.49	1234.93	2435	0.235	1.93	0.075	primordial	solid
48	Cd	Cadmium	Neo-Latin cadmia 'calamine', from King Cadmus, mythic founder of Thebes	12	5	d-block	112.41	8.65	594.22	1040	0.232	1.69	0.159	primordial	solid
49	In	Indium	Latin indicum 'indigo', the blue color found in its spectrum	13	5	p-block	114.82	7.31	429.75	2345	0.233	1.78	0.25	primordial	solid
50	Sn	Tin	English, from Proto-Germanic  ·  Symbol Sn, from Latin stannum	14	5	p-block	118.71	7.265	505.08	2875	0.228	1.96	2.3	primordial	solid
51	Sb	Antimony	Latin antimonium, of unclear origin: folk etymologies suggest Greek antí 'against' + mónos 'alone', or Old French anti-moine 'monk's bane', but could be from or related to Arabic ʾiṯmid 'antimony'  ·  Symbol Sb, from Latin stibium 'stibnite'	15	5	p-block	121.76	6.697	903.78	1860	0.207	2.05	0.2	primordial	solid
52	Te	Tellurium	Latin tellus 'ground, earth'	16	5	p-block	127.60	6.24	722.66	1261	0.202	2.1	0.001	primordial	solid
53	I	Iodine	French iode, from Greek ioeidḗs 'violet'	17	5	p-block	126.90	4.933	386.85	457.4	0.214	2.66	0.45	primordial	solid
54	Xe	Xenon	Greek xénon, neuter of xénos 'strange, foreign'	18	5	p-block	131.29	0.005894	161.4	165.03	0.158	2.60	3×10−5	primordial	gas
55	Cs	Caesium	Latin caesius 'sky-blue'	1	6	s-block	132.91	1.93	301.59	944	0.242	0.79	3	primordial	solid
56	Ba	Barium	Greek barýs 'heavy'	2	6	s-block	137.33	3.51	1000	2170	0.204	0.89	425	primordial	solid
57	La	Lanthanum	Greek lanthánein 'to lie hidden'	f-block groups	6	f-block	138.91	6.162	1193	3737	0.195	1.1	39	primordial	solid
58	Ce	Cerium	Ceres (dwarf planet), then considered a planet	f-block groups	6	f-block	140.12	6.770	1068	3716	0.192	1.12	66.5	primordial	solid
59	Pr	Praseodymium	Greek prásios dídymos 'green twin'	f-block groups	6	f-block	140.91	6.77	1208	3793	0.193	1.13	9.2	primordial	solid
60	Nd	Neodymium	Greek néos dídymos 'new twin'	f-block groups	6	f-block	144.24	7.01	1297	3347	0.19	1.14	41.5	primordial	solid
61	Pm	Promethium	Prometheus, a Titan	f-block groups	6	f-block	[145]	7.26	1315	3273	–	1.13	2×10−19	from decay	solid
62	Sm	Samarium	Samarskite, a mineral named after V. Samarsky-Bykhovets, Russian mine official	f-block groups	6	f-block	150.36	7.52	1345	2067	0.197	1.17	7.05	primordial	solid
63	Eu	Europium	Europe	f-block groups	6	f-block	151.96	5.244	1099	1802	0.182	1.2	2	primordial	solid
64	Gd	Gadolinium	Gadolinite, a mineral named after Johan Gadolin, Finnish chemist, physicist and mineralogist	f-block groups	6	f-block	157.25	7.90	1585	3546	0.236	1.2	6.2	primordial	solid
65	Tb	Terbium	Ytterby, Sweden, where it was found; see yttrium, erbium, ytterbium	f-block groups	6	f-block	158.93	8.23	1629	3503	0.182	1.2	1.2	primordial	solid
66	Dy	Dysprosium	Greek dysprósitos 'hard to get'	f-block groups	6	f-block	162.50	8.540	1680	2840	0.17	1.22	5.2	primordial	solid
67	Ho	Holmium	Neo-Latin Holmia 'Stockholm'	f-block groups	6	f-block	164.93	8.79	1734	2993	0.165	1.23	1.3	primordial	solid
68	Er	Erbium	Ytterby, where it was found; see yttrium, terbium, ytterbium	f-block groups	6	f-block	167.26	9.066	1802	3141	0.168	1.24	3.5	primordial	solid
69	Tm	Thulium	Thule, the ancient name for an unclear northern location	f-block groups	6	f-block	168.93	9.32	1818	2223	0.16	1.25	0.52	primordial	solid
70	Yb	Ytterbium	Ytterby, where it was found; see yttrium, terbium, erbium	f-block groups	6	f-block	173.05	6.90	1097	1469	0.155	1.1	3.2	primordial	solid
71	Lu	Lutetium	Latin Lutetia 'Paris'	3	6	d-block	174.97	9.841	1925	3675	0.154	1.27	0.8	primordial	solid
72	Hf	Hafnium	Neo-Latin Hafnia 'Copenhagen' (from Danish havn, harbor)	4	6	d-block	178.49	13.31	2506	4876	0.144	1.3	3	primordial	solid
73	Ta	Tantalum	King Tantalus, father of Niobe in Greek myth; see niobium	5	6	d-block	180.95	16.69	3290	5731	0.14	1.5	2	primordial	solid
74	W	Tungsten	Swedish tung sten 'heavy stone'  ·  Symbol W, from Wolfram, from Middle High German wolf-rahm 'wolf's foam' describing the mineral wolframite	6	6	d-block	183.84	19.25	3695	6203	0.132	2.36	1.3	primordial	solid
75	Re	Rhenium	Latin Rhenus 'Rhine'	7	6	d-block	186.21	21.02	3459	5869	0.137	1.9	7×10−4	primordial	solid
76	Os	Osmium	Greek osmḗ 'smell'	8	6	d-block	190.23	22.59	3306	5285	0.13	2.2	0.002	primordial	solid
77	Ir	Iridium	Iris, Greek goddess of rainbow	9	6	d-block	192.22	22.56	2719	4701	0.131	2.20	0.001	primordial	solid
78	Pt	Platinum	Spanish platina 'little silver', from plata 'silver'	10	6	d-block	195.08	21.45	2041.4	4098	0.133	2.28	0.005	primordial	solid
79	Au	Gold	English, from same Proto-Indo-European root as 'yellow'  ·  Symbol Au, from Latin aurum	11	6	d-block	196.97	19.3	1337.33	3129	0.129	2.54	0.004	primordial	solid
80	Hg	Mercury	Mercury, Roman god of commerce, communication, and luck, known for his speed and mobility  ·  Symbol Hg, from Latin hydrargyrum, from Greek hydrárgyros 'water-silver'	12	6	d-block	200.59	13.534	234.43	629.88	0.14	2.00	0.085	primordial	liquid
81	Tl	Thallium	Greek thallós 'green shoot / twig'	13	6	p-block	204.38	11.85	577	1746	0.129	1.62	0.85	primordial	solid
82	Pb	Lead	English, from Proto-Celtic *ɸloudom, from a root meaning 'flow'  ·  Symbol Pb, from Latin plumbum	14	6	p-block	207.2	11.34	600.61	2022	0.129	1.87 (2+) 2.33 (4+)	14	primordial	solid
83	Bi	Bismuth	German Wismut, via Latin and Arabic from Greek psimúthion 'white lead'	15	6	p-block	208.98	9.78	544.7	1837	0.122	2.02	0.009	primordial	solid
84	Po	Polonium	Latin Polonia 'Poland', home country of discoverer Marie Curie	16	6	p-block	[209]	9.196	527	1235	–	2.0	2×10−10	from decay	solid
85	At	Astatine	Greek ástatos 'unstable'; it has no stable isotopes	17	6	p-block	[210]	(8.91–8.95)	575	610	–	2.2	3×10−20	from decay	unknown phase
86	Rn	Radon	Radium emanation, originally the name of 222Rn	18	6	p-block	[222]	0.00973	202	211.3	0.094	2.2	4×10−13	from decay	gas
87	Fr	Francium	France, home country of discoverer Marguerite Perey	1	7	s-block	[223]	(2.48)	281	890	–	>0.79	~ 1×10−18	from decay	unknown phase
88	Ra	Radium	Coined in French by discoverer Marie Curie, from Latin radius 'ray'	2	7	s-block	[226]	5.5	973	2010	0.094	0.9	9×10−7	from decay	solid
89	Ac	Actinium	Greek aktís 'ray'	f-block groups	7	f-block	[227]	10	1323	3471	0.12	1.1	5.5×10−10	from decay	solid
90	Th	Thorium	Thor, the Norse god of thunder	f-block groups	7	f-block	232.04	11.7	2115	5061	0.113	1.3	9.6	primordial	solid
91	Pa	Protactinium	English prefix proto- (from Greek prôtos 'first, before') + actinium; protactinium decays into actinium.	f-block groups	7	f-block	231.04	15.37	1841	4300	–	1.5	1.4×10−6	from decay	solid
92	U	Uranium	Uranus, the seventh planet	f-block groups	7	f-block	238.03	19.1	1405.3	4404	0.116	1.38	2.7	primordial	solid
93	Np	Neptunium	Neptune, the eighth planet	f-block groups	7	f-block	[237]	20.45	917	4273	–	1.36	≤ 3×10−12	from decay	solid
94	Pu	Plutonium	Pluto, dwarf planet, then considered a planet	f-block groups	7	f-block	[244]	19.85	912.5	3501	–	1.28	≤ 3×10−11	from decay	solid
95	Am	Americium	Americas, where the element was first synthesized, by analogy with its homolog europium	f-block groups	7	f-block	[243]	12	1449	2880	–	1.13	–	synthetic	solid
96	Cm	Curium	Pierre and Marie Curie, physicists and chemists	f-block groups	7	f-block	[247]	13.51	1613	3383	–	1.28	–	synthetic	solid
97	Bk	Berkelium	Berkeley, California, where it was first synthesized	f-block groups	7	f-block	[247]	14.78	1259	2900	–	1.3	–	synthetic	solid
98	Cf	Californium	California, where it was first synthesized in LBNL	f-block groups	7	f-block	[251]	15.1	1173	(1743)	–	1.3	–	synthetic	solid
99	Es	Einsteinium	Albert Einstein, German physicist	f-block groups	7	f-block	[252]	8.84	1133	(1269)	–	1.3	–	synthetic	solid
100	Fm	Fermium	Enrico Fermi, Italian physicist	f-block groups	7	f-block	[257]	(9.7)	(1125) (1800)	–	–	1.3	–	synthetic	unknown phase
101	Md	Mendelevium	Dmitri Mendeleev, Russian chemist who proposed the periodic table	f-block groups	7	f-block	[258]	(10.3)	(1100)	–	–	1.3	–	synthetic	unknown phase
102	No	Nobelium	Alfred Nobel, Swedish chemist and engineer	f-block groups	7	f-block	[259]	(9.9)	(1100)	–	–	1.3	–	synthetic	unknown phase
103	Lr	Lawrencium	Ernest Lawrence, American physicist	3	7	d-block	[266]	(14.4)	(1900)	–	–	1.3	–	synthetic	unknown phase
104	Rf	Rutherfordium	Ernest Rutherford, chemist and physicist from New Zealand	4	7	d-block	[267]	(17)	(2400)	(5800)	–	–	–	synthetic	unknown phase
105	Db	Dubnium	Dubna, Russia, where it was discovered in JINR	5	7	d-block	[268]	(21.6)	–	–	–	–	–	synthetic	unknown phase
106	Sg	Seaborgium	Glenn Seaborg, American chemist	6	7	d-block	[267]	(23–24)	–	–	–	–	–	synthetic	unknown phase
107	Bh	Bohrium	Niels Bohr, Danish physicist	7	7	d-block	[270]	(26–27)	–	–	–	–	–	synthetic	unknown phase
108	Hs	Hassium	Neo-Latin Hassia 'Hesse', a state in Germany	8	7	d-block	[271]	(27–29)	–	–	–	–	–	synthetic	unknown phase
109	Mt	Meitnerium	Lise Meitner, Austrian physicist	9	7	d-block	[278]	(27–28)	–	–	–	–	–	synthetic	unknown phase
110	Ds	Darmstadtium	Darmstadt, Germany, where it was first synthesized in the GSI labs	10	7	d-block	[281]	(26–27)	–	–	–	–	–	synthetic	unknown phase
111	Rg	Roentgenium	Wilhelm Röntgen, German physicist	11	7	d-block	[282]	(22–24)	–	–	–	–	–	synthetic	unknown phase
112	Cn	Copernicium	Nicolaus Copernicus, Polish astronomer	12	7	d-block	[285]	(14.0)	(283±11)	(340±10)	–	–	–	synthetic	unknown phase
113	Nh	Nihonium	Japanese Nihon 'Japan', where it was first synthesized in Riken	13	7	p-block	[286]	(16)	(700)	(1400)	–	–	–	synthetic	unknown phase
114	Fl	Flerovium	Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions, part of JINR, where it was synthesized; itself named after Georgy Flyorov, Russian physicist	14	7	p-block	[289]	(11.4±0.3)	(284±50)	–	–	–	–	synthetic	unknown phase
115	Mc	Moscovium	Moscow, Russia, where it was first synthesized in JINR	15	7	p-block	[290]	(13.5)	(700)	(1400)	–	–	–	synthetic	unknown phase
116	Lv	Livermorium	Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in Livermore, California	16	7	p-block	[293]	(12.9)	(700)	(1100)	–	–	–	synthetic	unknown phase
117	Ts	Tennessine	Tennessee, US, home to ORNL	17	7	p-block	[294]	(7.1–7.3)	(700)	(883)	–	–	–	synthetic	unknown phase
118	Og	Oganesson	Yuri Oganessian, Russian physicist	18	7	p-block	[294]	(7)	(325±15)	(450±10)	–	–	–	synthetic	unknown phase

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Used in article List of chemical elements § List.

Properties and parameters

• Element

atomic number (Z)

Symbol |symbol=

name (wikilink)

• Etymology |etymology=

|etymology-symbol=; used when symbol is not obvious (like "Hg")

• Group
• Period
• Block
• Standard atomic weight
• Density |density=
• Melting point in kelvin |mpK=
• Boiling point in kelvin |bpK=
• Specific heat capacity |heatcapacity=
• Electro­negativity |elnegativity=
• Abundance in Earth's crust |abundance=
• Occurrence
• Phase

Columns (properties) that have no parameter are read from the § element data lists

A parameter (property) can have a footnote added like |density-fn={{efn-la|name=prediction}}

When the value has bracket notation, eg. (1.23), use the val template like {{val|1.23|p=(|s=)}}. To display a bracketed range, eg. (22-24), use {{val|22|-|24|p=(|s=)}} where the second parameter is what goes between the two numbers (only a limited set of values is accepted, consult the template documentation). Use of {{val}} is necessary to make the value(s) sort correctly in the column.

Footnotes

| {{efn-la|name=saw}}
| {{efn-la|name=prediction}}
| {{efn-la|name=density}}
| {{efn-la|name=mp}}
| {{efn-la|name=bp}}
| {{efn-la|name=heatcapacity}}
| {{efn-la|name=abundance}}
| {{efn-la|name=origin}}
| {{efn-la|name=phase}}

| {{efn-la|name=helium}}
| {{efn-la|name=arsenic}}

Technical background

• {{List of chemical elements}}
• {{List of chemical elements/row}}

{{efn-la}}

See also

• {{List of chemical elements/2020}} -- compare OLD and NEW table (1 July 2021)
• :de:Etymologische_Liste_der_chemischen_Elemente
• British English with Oxford and IUPAC spelling (established)

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