Tegermansu Pass

Tegermansu Pass
Tegermansu Pass
Traditional Chinese	托克滿蘇達坂
Simplified Chinese	托克满苏达板
Hanyu Pinyin
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin	Tuōkèmǎnsū shānkǒu
Tok Man Su Daban
Traditional Chinese	托克滿素達坂
Simplified Chinese	托克满素达坂
Hanyu Pinyin
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin	Tuōkèmǎnsù dábǎn
Tigarman Su Pass
Traditional Chinese	鐵蓋滿蘇山口
Simplified Chinese	铁盖满苏山口
Hanyu Pinyin
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin	Tiěgàimǎnsū shānkǒu

Tegermansu Pass
Tegermansu Pass
	Kyrgyz camp near Tegermansu Pass as captured by Aurel Stein
Elevation	4,827 metres (15,837 ft)
Location	Wakhan, Badakhshan, Afghanistan - ; Taxkorgan, Kashgar, Xinjiang, China
Range	Pamir Mountains
Coordinates	37°17′04″N 74°44′01″E / 37.2844°N 74.7336°E
	Tegermansu Pass

Tegermansu Pass or Tigarman Su Pass (Kotal-e Tegermansu, Chinese: 托克满苏山口^[1]) is a closed mountain pass on the border between Afghanistan and China in Wakhan Corridor, in the Hindu Kush — Pamir mountain range.^[2] It is located between the Tegermansu Valley on the eastern end of the Little Pamir and Chalachigu Valley in Xinjiang, China. Historically, it was one of the three routes between China and Wakhan.^[3]

On Chinese side, there is a Chinese border post in the valley below.^[4] There have been proposals and plans by Kashgar regional government to open this pass as a port of entry for economic purposes since the 1990s.^[5]^[6] However, this has yet to happen.

Tegerman Su is the name of the river valley on the Afghan side, easternmost part of Afghanistan.^[7] During the late 2000s, due to lawlessness, the Kirghiz in Afghanistan reported robbery and theft in Little Pamir by bandits from Tajikistan.^[7]

Stylized horse and bird, Tomb of Tegermansu I, Eastern Pamirs, Tajikistan, 4th century BCE
Map of Afghanistan-China Boundary including Tegermansu Pass (labeled as TĪGARMAN SŪ DAVĀN) (1969)^[a]

Notes

^ From map: "NAMES AND BOUNDARY REPRESENTATION ARE NOT NECESSARILY AUTHORITATIVE"

References

^ 中华人民共和国和阿富汗王国边界条约 [Afghanistan-China Border Agreement] (in Chinese). 1963-11-22 – via Wikisource. 托克满素达坂（阿方图称米赫满育里山口）...克克拉去考勒达坂（阿方图称铁盖满苏山口）
^ "Wakhan & the Afghan Pamir - In the footsteps of Marco Polo". Aga Khan Foundation. Jan 2010. side trip to Tegermansu (3-4 days one way from Chaqmaqtin Lake) and Kotal-e Tegermansu (4872m) on Afghanistan-China border, easternmost area of Little Pamir. Warning: All passes leading into Tajikistan and China are strictly off-limits to foreigners
^ Malik, Hasan Yaser (2014). "Geo-political Significance of the Wakhan Corridor for China". Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences. 7 (2): 307–323. doi:10.1007/s40647-014-0017-z. ISSN 1674-0750. S2CID 140705773. The narrow Wakhan Strip provides the following three routes -- The third one is the Central Route: linking both the Northern and Southern routes at Wakhan and further leading to China via Tegermansu Pass over a height of 4,827 m.
^ "蜀中行："瓦罕走廊"传来重大消息，阿富汗向中国送上大礼！-中华必亮剑天天时事-中华必亮剑个人博客". m.bljcn.com (in Chinese). 2018-08-31. Retrieved 23 December 2019. 托克满苏边防站如今的瓦罕走廊驻守着明铁盖边防7连、托克满苏边防8连、克克吐鲁克（科克吐鲁克）边防9连。
^ "新疆对外开放口岸一览表". china.com.cn (in Chinese). Retrieved 23 December 2019. 国别:阿富汗口岸名称:托克满苏开放时间:未定说明:规划开放口岸（98年） Country: Afghanistan, Name of port: Tegermansu, Opening date: Undecided, Notes: Planning to open the port (1998)
^ 喀什地区发展和改革委员会 (Kashgar Region Development and Reform Committee) (2016-03-17). "喀什地区国民经济和社会发展第十三个五年" [Kashgar Regional Economic and Social Development 13th Five-Year Plan (2016-2020)]. Retrieved 23 December 2019. 推进新建中国-阿富汗托克满苏陆路口岸、中国-巴基斯坦铁路口岸、中国-塔吉克斯坦铁路口岸。改善现有口岸通关条件。
^ ^a ^b Tofel, Bartek (2010). "Tegerman Su Valley and Eastern Sector Aq Su Valley (Little Pamir), Exploration". American Alpine Journal. pp. 253–255. Retrieved 12 March 2022. It took nine days to reach the easternmost part of the Wakhan Corridor and Afghanistan—the Tegerman Su Valley. ... Tegerman Su is a sensitive area: Kirghiz report the possibility of robbery by neighboring Tajiks. ... the Kirghiz did tell me about Tajik bandits stealing their animals at night.

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[8] From map: "NAMES AND BOUNDARY REPRESENTATION ARE NOT NECESSARILY AUTHORITATIVE"

[border_agreement-1] 中华人民共和国和阿富汗王国边界条约 [Afghanistan-China Border Agreement] (in Chinese). 1963-11-22 – via Wikisource. 托克满素达坂（阿方图称米赫满育里山口）...克克拉去考勒达坂（阿方图称铁盖满苏山口）

[2] "Wakhan & the Afghan Pamir - In the footsteps of Marco Polo". Aga Khan Foundation. Jan 2010. side trip to Tegermansu (3-4 days one way from Chaqmaqtin Lake) and Kotal-e Tegermansu (4872m) on Afghanistan-China border, easternmost area of Little Pamir. Warning: All passes leading into Tajikistan and China are strictly off-limits to foreigners

[Malik2014-3] Malik, Hasan Yaser (2014). "Geo-political Significance of the Wakhan Corridor for China". Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences. 7 (2): 307–323. doi:10.1007/s40647-014-0017-z. ISSN 1674-0750. S2CID 140705773. The narrow Wakhan Strip provides the following three routes -- The third one is the Central Route: linking both the Northern and Southern routes at Wakhan and further leading to China via Tegermansu Pass over a height of 4,827 m.

[4] "蜀中行："瓦罕走廊"传来重大消息，阿富汗向中国送上大礼！-中华必亮剑天天时事-中华必亮剑个人博客". m.bljcn.com (in Chinese). 2018-08-31. Retrieved 23 December 2019. 托克满苏边防站如今的瓦罕走廊驻守着明铁盖边防7连、托克满苏边防8连、克克吐鲁克（科克吐鲁克）边防9连。

[5] "新疆对外开放口岸一览表". china.com.cn (in Chinese). Retrieved 23 December 2019. 国别:阿富汗口岸名称:托克满苏开放时间:未定说明:规划开放口岸（98年） Country: Afghanistan, Name of port: Tegermansu, Opening date: Undecided, Notes: Planning to open the port (1998)

[6] 喀什地区发展和改革委员会 (Kashgar Region Development and Reform Committee) (2016-03-17). "喀什地区国民经济和社会发展第十三个五年" [Kashgar Regional Economic and Social Development 13th Five-Year Plan (2016-2020)]. Retrieved 23 December 2019. 推进新建中国-阿富汗托克满苏陆路口岸、中国-巴基斯坦铁路口岸、中国-塔吉克斯坦铁路口岸。改善现有口岸通关条件。

[tofel2010-7] Tofel, Bartek (2010). "Tegerman Su Valley and Eastern Sector Aq Su Valley (Little Pamir), Exploration". American Alpine Journal. pp. 253–255. Retrieved 12 March 2022. It took nine days to reach the easternmost part of the Wakhan Corridor and Afghanistan—the Tegerman Su Valley. ... Tegerman Su is a sensitive area: Kirghiz report the possibility of robbery by neighboring Tajiks. ... the Kirghiz did tell me about Tajik bandits stealing their animals at night.

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v t e Badakhshan Province
Capital: Fayzabad
Districts	Arghanj Khwa Argo Baharak Darayim Fayzabad Ishkashim Jurm Khash Khwahan Kishim Kohistan Kuf Ab Kuran wa Munjan Maimay Nusay Raghistan Shahri Buzurg Shekay Shighnan Shuhada Tagab Tishkan Wakhan Wurduj Yaftali Sufla Yamgan Yawan Zebak
Populated places	Ab Daw Ab Gaj Altan Jalab Ambaran Amrud Amurn Andowj Angat Anjuman Anjuman-i-Khurd Ao Barik Arakht Arghandakan Artin Jelow Arun Ashnam Ba Khersak Bagh-e Sangak Baharak Baharestan Bakharow Bariki Baryavan Basenj Bashanabad Bay Malasi Baza'i Gonbad Bazgir Bed-e Khva Bid Khvah Bid-e Kalan Bid-i Khvah Bostanak Chakaran Chashma-i Tut Chasnud-e `Olya Chasnud-e Sofla Chetgah Chosnukel Darayem Darbandak Darmadar Darmarakh Darreh Javay Darreh-ye Pishkan Deh Gholaman Do Dargeh Dogor Gunt Dowlatabad Drel Dudgah Dugh Ghalat Duraj Durman Eshmorgh Eskan Eskatul Far Ghambowl Farghamiru Farghamu Fayzabad Fotur Gawaki Gaz Khan Ghalil Ghar Javin Gharji Ghonvar Ghowrayd Gharami Ghumay Gonbad-e Pa'in Gowritik Gustaw Guzun Hazrat-e Sa`id Hojm-e Bala Hojm-e Pa'in Howz-e Shah-e Bala Howz-e Shah-e Pa'in Isari Ishkashim Jamarj-e Bala Jarf Jerwu Bala Jerwu Pa'in Jorm Jow Kham Joy-i Saluk Kakan Kalan Eylgah Kalat Kamar Kangurchi Karkat Kashkandyow Kawida Keshem Khal Khan Kham-e Bahar Kham-e Tugh Khandud Khaneh-ye Garmatek Khaneqa Khar Kat-e Bala Kharat Khash Darreh Khashpak Khazget Khengan Khevaj Kheyrabad, Baharak Kheyrabad, Khwahan Khombok Khughaz Khwahan Kowl Darrah Kowri Kulan Kuran wa Munjan Kushgag Lal Margh Langar Laron Lughman Madraseh Madud Magh Nawul Mah-e Now Mashhad Qal`eh-ye Bar Panj Qal`eh-ye Kuf Sarhad-e Broghil Shirin Nazem
Buildings and structures	Darwaz Airport Fayzabad Airport Eshkashem Airport Karaste Canal Khwahan Airport Razer Airport Sheghnan Airport Tajik–Afghan bridge at Tem-Demogan Tajik–Afghan Friendship Bridge Yawan Airport
Other	Governors Mirs Kokcha River Wakhan River Panj River Anjuman Pass Wakhan Wakhan Corridor Concord Peak Zorkul Wakhjir Pass 2010 massacre 2012 avalanches
Category Commons

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History	Tocharians Yuezhi Xiongnu Han dynasty Protectorate of the Western Regions Chief Official of the Western Regions Kingdom of Khotan Sixteen Kingdoms Gaochang Göktürks: First, Western, Eastern and Second Tang dynasty Protectorate General to Pacify the West Four Garrisons of Anxi Beiting Protectorate Tibetan Empire Uyghur Khaganate Qocho Kara-Khanid Khanate Turkic settlement of the Tarim Basin Qara Khitai Mongol Empire Yuan dynasty Chagatai Khanate Moghulistan Kara Del Turpan Khanate Yarkent Khanate Dzungar Khanate Dzungar conquest of Altishahr Dzungar–Qing Wars Dzungar genocide Kumul Khanate Qing dynasty Qing rule Revolt of the Altishahr Khojas Afaqi Khoja revolts Holy War of the Seven Khojas General of Ili Reconquest of Xinjiang Republic of China Xinjiang Wars First East Turkestan Republic Second East Turkestan Republic Ili Rebellion People's Republic of China PRC incorporation
Geography	Cities Tian Shan Junggar Basin (Dzungaria) Tarim Basin (Southern Xinjiang) Gurbantünggüt Desert Kumtag Desert Taklamakan Desert Turpan Depression Karakoram Mountains Altai Mountains Kunlun Mountains Pamir Mountains Lanzhou–Xinjiang railway
Education	Xinjiang University Xinjiang Agricultural University Xinjiang Medical University
Culture	Doppa Festival Music Meshrep gathering Muqam Tocharian clothing
Cuisine	Dapanji Nan Sangza Samsa Youtazi Pamirdin Xurpa Tunurkawab Chinese Islamic cuisine
Economy	Cotton industry Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps
Visitor attractions	Apak Khoja and Xiang Fei Tomb Flaming Mountains Jiaohe ruins Gaochang Grand Bazaar, Ürümqi Id Kah Mosque Karakul Lake Kizil Caves Niya ruins
Xinjiang conflict	1989 Ürümqi unrest Barin uprising 1992 Ürümqi bombings Ghulja incident 1997 Ürümqi bus bombings 2007 Xinjiang raid 2008 Uyghur unrest 2008 Kashgar attack Shaoguan incident July 2009 Ürümqi riots September 2009 Xinjiang unrest 2010 Aksu bombing 2011 Hotan attack 2011 Kashgar attacks Pishan hostage crisis 2012 Yecheng attack Tianjin Airlines Flight 7554 April 2013 Bachu unrest June 2013 Shanshan riots 2013 Tiananmen Square attack 2014 Kunming attack 2014 China–Vietnam border shootout April 2014 Ürümqi attack May 2014 Ürümqi attack Assassination of Juma Tayir Xinjiang internment camps Persecution of Uyghurs in China
People	Amursana Mingrui Jahangir Khoja Yaqub Beg Zuo Zongtang Yang Zengxin Jin Shuren Sabit Damolla Sheng Shicai Ehmetjan Qasim Wang Zhen Saifuddin Azizi Rebiya Kadeer Nur Bekri Li Zhi Wang Lequan Zhang Chunxian Ilham Tohti Salih Hudayar Sattar Sawut Shirzat Bawudun Ghulam Osman Yaghma Rahile Dawut
Related	Uyghur people Migration to Xinjiang Altishahr Chinese Turkestan East Turkestan East Turkistan Government in Exile East Turkistan National Awakening Movement Independence movement World Uyghur Congress China–Kazakhstan relations China–Kyrgyzstan relations China–Pakistan relations China–Turkey relations
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References