Talk:Comparison of Japanese and Korean

Sources

@Alumnum: where does the information in this article come from? None of it is cited to reliable sources. If it consists of original research only, it will have to be removed. – Finnusertop (talk ⋅ contribs) 14:03, 14 August 2016 (UTC)

@Finnusertop: - The references are in the various articles linked to it. Just give me a time and I'm going to put the references on the text of this page. - Alumnum (talk) 08:21, 15 August 2016 (UTC)

The article has now references in the lead and sections. - Alumnum (talk) 09:09, 15 August 2016 (UTC)

Thank you, Alumnum. – Finnusertop (talk ⋅ contribs) 14:27, 15 August 2016 (UTC)

"The Korean Past of the Japanese Language" by E. P. Chung

Have you read The Korean Past of the Japanese Language by E. P. Chung? Not saying I believe it, but I think you have to admit that some of his arguments are very convincing. You can read it online in English at http://www.epchung.com/english.html and it could help you expand this article if you wanted to include more convincing arguments. 馬太阿房 (talk) 05:43, 22 May 2017 (UTC)

Vocab page

This vocabulary page is severely lacking I feel. 1)shouldn't this include many more similar words derived from Chinese characters which Japanese and Korean share? Ex. 約束-약속, 準備-준비 2) Grammatical functions such as が- 가, じゃない/じゃん-지않아/자나 3) I would list うち as a closer cognate to 우리. When used as a collective in Japanese, this often is similar in Korean. うちのお父さん or 우리 나라. Though 'uchi' translates as home, it also holds a connotation of the royal 'we' as 'uri' in Korean. Also, phonetically, た行, like the chi in uchi, in Japanese generally morph into ㄹ sounds in Korean. いっぱん-일반, はち-팔, うち-우리

Any thoughts on this? Caseypaul (talk) 12:34, 17 January 2018 (UTC)

@Caseypaul: I don't think loanwords should be included when determining the genetic relationship of languages. dennis97519 (talk) 08:10, 1 November 2018 (UTC)

Serious NPOV problem

I guess it's acceptable to make an article about every linguistic theory floating around, however the article should be clearer that this is not an accepted theory. It should give the arguments in favor of this theory from a neutral point of view instead of trying to convince the reader that this theory is true.

The content of the article is mostly bad linguistic, making a comparison table for numerals containing only supporting evidence (the numbers 3, 5, 7, 10) is so disingenuous, and it's followed by a random "Also, Sillan language called 3 as "Mil" too." This is absurd.

The introduction ends with "Any relation between the two languages remains controversial." which is good, but it's prefixed by a sentence suggesting this is a political/cultural issue, while it's mainly a scientific one. The remaining of the article is written to convince the reader that there is a genetic connection between the Japanese and Korean languages, so I decided to add the WP:FRNG template.

An IP – 37.171.138.204 (talk) 12:38, 30 March 2021 (UTC)

Do not remove the fringe template without explaining why in the talk page see Template:Fringe theories#When to remove, if you consider I didn't explained the neutrality issue clearly enough, let me know, if you think I'm mistaken about my interpretation of WP:NPOV and WP:FRNG, give your point of view here in the talk page, but do not remove the template without explaining yourself here.

I also started a discussion in the WP:FTN#Comparison of Japanese and Korean

I do not question the references for what is written, the problem is that it's not balanced, see WP:STRUCTURE and WP:UNDUE (might be a good idea to read all of WP:NPOV and maybe WP:FRNG too).

The same IP, but different – 37.173.70.236 (talk) 16:55, 5 April 2021 (UTC)

I agree that this page has to be completely rewritten. Ideally, it should be divided into a typological part that presents the strucutral similarity between Japanese (or Japonic) and Korean based on quality sources explicitly devoted to this topic (thus no do-it-yourself comparisons), and a genealogical part that briefly mentions the existing classification models without blown-up details of minor proposals. Only the former can justify the existence of this article.

The question of a genealogical relationship should be mainly discussed in Classification of the Japonic languages, Korean_language#Classification, and foremost in Altaic languages, especially since nowadays hardly anybody believes that Japonic and Korean are related to each other to the exclusion of any other languages. Those who link Japonic and Korean generally do it in a wider context, e.g. Robbeets within "Transeurasian" (= The Phylum Formerly Known as Altaic). –Austronesier (talk) 09:19, 9 April 2021 (UTC)

Add: @力: I don't agree to dismiss Francis-Ratte's dissertation entirely as a "student thesis". It's valuable WP:scholarship, and the author has teamed up with Unger to present it in a high-quality source: doi:10.1093/oso/9780198804628.003.0040. The main problem is the monstrous table with primary data from the dissertation. –Austronesier (talk) 09:31, 9 April 2021 (UTC)

Yeah I don't think deleting all mention of the dissertation is the right move since it's the most recent scholarship on the issue I know of. I agree that the giant table isn't much warranted though. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 59.146.13.210 (talk • contribs) 04:32 17 April 2021 (UTC)

When I first added the table I also thought it was too big, but I kept everything because I was not sure about what was more valuable. Maybe we could restore half or a quarter of it, keeping the best examples, or would that be original research? - Munmula (talk), second account of Alumnum 15:27, 17 April 2021 (UTC)

Perhaps you should make it its own section, because selectively picking examples might be classified as original research.Innominatvs (talk) 00:15, 29 April 2021 (UTC)

@Alumnum: Presenting an illustrative sample from a large dataset is not OR, unless it is cherrypicked to make a point that is not made by the author. And per Innominatvs, we should make clear that this data is from a specific study. Other proponents of the Japonic-Korean relationship might have a different idea about which correspondences are valid (cf. Bomhard's vs. "Moscow school" evidence for Nostratic as an extreme example of how to obtain the same result with very different data). While we're at it, I agree that "there is often a correlation between language and genetics". But when we cite a source, we should not make additional implications that are not explicitly made there. A addition like "which is difficult to reconcile with the hypothesis the two populations had divergent origins" is of course a trivial corollary and not WP:synthesis in the context of population genetics alone, but if the preceding statement (citing Robbeets & Bouckaert) is a about languages and speaker groups, then things are different. I have separated the statements, and removed the corollary (you can re-add it, but ideally with a less implicatory wording). Maybe we can find a source which expliticly discusses the correlation. (Even if synth was allowed on WP, I would hesitate to see Takeuchi et al. as strong support for a special Japonic-Korean relation, since it has no data from Tungusic groups which might turn out to be a game-changer). –Austronesier (talk) 13:08, 29 April 2021 (UTC)

Perhaps make it a seperate page, with the data from each author noted from each other. That way we can provide unbiased information while containing no original research.Innominatvs (talk) 23:16, 13 May 2021 (UTC)

I deleted the Vocabulary section again, which was re-added while completely missing the point. The vast majority of the Grammar section is unsourced as well, and plan to cut it if nobody objects. Is there any salvageable content in this paragraph? –LaundryPizza03 (dc̄) 06:17, 3 June 2021 (UTC)

Impenetrable

This article has deep problems, but I'd like to pick on this specifically: the use of lots of unromanised text makes most of the article impenetrable for even most experts in Korean and Japanese alike, let alone laypeople. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 77.61.180.106 (talk) 04:34, 3 December 2021 (UTC)

Most of this relates to unsourced material that is persistently re-added in violation of Wikipedia's principal policy of WP:verifiability. I have removed it (again), so this should solve it. –Austronesier (talk) 14:22, 3 December 2021 (UTC)

Commented-out fringe content?

I recently removed the maintenance tags becaue all the visible is gone, but what shall we do with the commented-out table in the Vocabulary section? –LaundryPizza03 (dc̄) 09:23, 22 January 2022 (UTC)

Commented-out material

However, a 2016 paper proposing a common lineage between Korean and Japanese traces around 500 core words thought to share a common origin. Most resembling lexicon in the study has been observed between Middle Korean (15th century) and earlier Old Japanese (8th century), some of which is shown in the following table: Keyword Middle Korean Old Japanese Proposed Proto-Japanese-Korean abandons stú ("scoops it out, removes a part from the whole") sute ("abandons it, throws it away") *sɨtu ("abandons it, throws it out") adds kwop ("doubles, increases it two-fold") kupape ("adds it") *kop ("increases it in number by adding") (adjectivizer) k ("adjectivizing suffix on nominals") ka ("property suffix on nominals") *k ("adjectivizing suffix on nominals") + *a ("deverbal") avoids skúy ("shuns, avoids; is unwilling") sake ("avoids, dodges") *səka ("avoids") bamboo táy ("bamboo") ?< *taGVy takey ("bamboo") *takəj basket kwulek ("[mesh] basket") kwo ("basket") *kura / *kuwa ("basket") bear kwom ("bear") < Proto-Korean *komá kuma ("bear") *koma ("bear") below aláy ("below") aye ("falls to the ground") *ar ("below") bestows kwomá ("reverence"), kwómáw ("honored, thankful") kubar / kumar ("apportions and bestows") *kuma ("bestows") bird say ("bird") sagi ("heron; suffix in bird names") *saŋi ("bird") bites kemelí ("leech"), kam-spol ("licks it up, sucks up food") kam ("bites") *kamɨ ("bites") body mwóm ("body") < Old Korean *muma mu- / mwi ("body") *mom ("body") boils it nóy ("smoke, vapor") ni ("boils it") *nəj ("boils it") bottom stáh ("ground") sita ("below, bottom") *sita ("bottom") box pakwoní ("basket") pakwo ("box") *pako ("box") brings into life wum ("a sprout, a shoot, a growth") um ("gives birth to, brings into life") *um ("brings into life") bundles mwusk ("binds it into a bundle") musub ("binds it into a bundle") *musu ("binds, bundles it") buries it wumúl ("well"), wúmh ("grain pit dug out of the ground"), wumwuk-ho ("is hollow") ume ("buries it in the ground") *umu ("buries it in the ground") cage wulí ("cage") wori ("cage") *orɨj ("cage") carbon swusk ("charcoal") susu ("soot") *susu ("soot; carbon") carries on back ep ("bears, carries on the back") op ("bears on the back") *əp ("carries on back") carves a line kuzu ("draws a line, rules") kizam ("carves"), kisage ("shaves stone") *kinsɨ ("carves, cuts a line") cat kwoy ("cat") nekwo ("cat") *ko ("cat") ceremony kwús ("exorcism, shamanistic ceremony") kusi ("is strange, mysterious, otherwordly") *kusuj ("shamanistic ceremony") changes kaph ("returns it, pays it back") kap ("buys it"), kape ("exchanges, changes it"), kapar ("it changes") *kap ("it changes, changes hands") cheek pwól ("cheek") popo < *po-po ("cheek") *por ("cheek") chicken tolk ("chicken") tori ("bird, chicken") *tərəŋ ("chicken") closes it tat ("closes it") tat ("interrupts, cuts off, finishes it") *tat ("closes it") cloth swowom ("cotton") swo ("clothing; cloth; hemp") *so ("cloth") cloudy skí ("gets dusty, cloudy") sike ("sky gets cloudy") *siki ("gets cloudy") collects kat ("collects it, gathers it in") kate ("joins it, mixes it, adds it in") *kat ("collects") comes ká ("goes") ko ("comes") *kə ("comes") confines kalm ("hides it, puts it away, keeps it, treasures it") karame ("arrests it, catches and confines it") *karama ("confines it") congeals kel ("thickens, congeals; is rich, thick") kor ("it thickens, congeals") *kərɨ ("it thickens, congeals") correct mac ("is correct"), maskaw ("is correct") masa ("correct, upright") *masa ("correct, upright") countryside wúy ánh ("countryside") wi naka ("countryside") *uj ("countryside") + inside daytime nác ("daytime; afternoon") < Early Middle Korean *nacay natu ("summer") *nacu ("daytime") deep inside swop / swok ("deep inside") ?< *swowók oku ("deep inside, interior") *owoku ("deep inside") dissolves / lonely súl ("disappears, dissolves, rusts"), sulgwú ("makes it dissolve, rusts"), sulphu ("is sad"), sulh ("is sad") sabwi ("rusts"), sabu, EMJ sabi ("is sad, lonely") *sɨr ("dissolves; sad, lonely") drags kuzu ("drags, draws, pulls") kozi ("pulls out by the roots") *kɨnsɨ ("drags out") drawn in pemúli ("gets drawn in"), pemúl ("surrounds, encircles"), pemúl ("intrudes in") pame ("throws it in, drops it in") *pamɨ ("it gets drawn in") drops twú ("keeps, leaves it as is, places it down") otos ("drops it"), oti ("it drops down"), otor ("is low") *ɨtɨ ("drops, puts down") each mata ("each one, every") mata ("again; every"), mata-si ("all, complete") *mata ("each, every") edge pask ("outside") pasi ("outside edge") *pasi ("edge") empties sku, pskú ("puts it out, turns off, extinguishes, quenches it") suk ("empties, is empty") *sukɨ ("empties") end patáng, modern korean patak ("sole, bottom") pate ("limit, end"), patas ("makes it an end") *pataŋ ("end") enfolds mek ("eats, holds in the mouth; harbors, takes in, has inside") mak ("enfolds, rolls up, encircles") *mek or *mak ("enfolds") et cetera (i)yá / (i)yé ("whether, or") ya ("also, and the like") *ja ("whether; et cetera") evergreen swól ("pine") sugwi ("cryptomeria [japanese cedar]") *suŋor ("evergreen") exchanges kaph ("repays") kaps ("price") < *kap ("exchanges") kap ("buys") *kap ("exchanges") exhausts cwuk ("dies") tukwi ("is exhausted, used up") tukus ("exhausts it, uses it up") *cuk ("is exhausted") + Proto-Japanese *wo ("active marker") expresses emotion noch ("face, expression") natuk ("expresses emotion; is fond of") *nəcuk ("expresses emotion") extremity kiph ("is deep") kipa ("extremity") *kipa ("depth, extremity") faces mwok ("neck") muk ("turn one"s head, faces") *mok ("faces") faint kaskaw ("is close to"), kezúy ("almost") kasu-ka ("faint"), kasu ("barely") *kasu ("faint") farm field path ("farm field") pata, patake ("farm field") *pata ("farm field") fat pwutúlew ("soft"), modern korean pwutwung ("chubby") putwo ("fat") *puto ("fat") ferments sek ("rots, ferments") saka / sakey ("alcohol, rice wine") *sek ("ripens, grows [rotten]") fills tam ("fills it up") tamar ("it fills up"), tame ("fills it") *tama ("fills it") fire púl ("fire") pwi / po ("fire") *pɨr ("fire") flattens it tatóm ("smooths cloth, trims it, rubs it together"), modern korean tatumicil ("beating cloth out to smooth it") tatam ("folds it up, layers it"), tatami ("mat, flattened thing") *tatəm ("folds, flattens it"), tatəm-i ("flattening") fork motoy ("joint, knuckle") mata ("fork, bend; crotch") *mataj or *mətaj ("fork, bend") full michu / micho ("reaches it") mit ("gets full, reaches its limit") *mica ("reaches, gets full") gathers a crowd múli / mwuli / mwúl ("crowd") mure ("gathers a crowd") *mur(u) ("gathers a crowd") gets et ("gets it") atar ("gets it") *atɨ ("gets it") goes out ná ("goes out; is born") nar ("becomes") *na ("goes out") grabs az ("grabs it") asar ("scavenges it") *asa ("grabs it") harbors phwúm ("embraces, harbors") pukum ("harbor, comprise, contain") *pukum ("embraces, harbors") hatchet nát ("sickle, scythe") nata ("machete; small, thick bladed instrument") *natə ("bladed instrument for chopping plants") heart kwokoyyang ("heart or core of vegetable, pith"), kwokáy ("head") kokoro ("seat of feeling / thought; emotion") *kəkərə ("the heart, core, essence") heats with fire tahí ("makes a fire, heats with fire") tak ("heats with fire") *taka ("heats with fire") high talak ("loft, attic") take / taka ("height") *takar ("height") holds motó, moti ("is long-lasting, is durable; keeps things") mot ("holds") *mətə ("holds") hot tew ("hot") tos / toso / tusu ("hot"), tusi ("warmly") atu-si ("hot") *ətu ("hot") husk kephí ("husk, bark") kabi ("husk") *kaŋpiri ("husk") imposes sikhó ("orders, commands"), sikpu ("wants [to do]") sik ("imposes, lays out, takes a position, commands") *sik ("makes, imposes") indeed kús ("certainly, without fail") koso ("indeed, verily, without fail") *kɨsə ("indeed") = *kɨ ("this") + *sə ("that, that thing") inserts pak ("inserts it, fills it") pak ("puts on, slips on [lower body clothing, footwear])" *pak ("puts it through") (interrogative) ká (interrogative suffix for yes/no questions) ka (interrogative suffix (kmp); distal demonstrative) *ka ("that [distal]"; interrogative suffix problematizing an identification) island syem ("island") sima ("island"), sime ("closes it off") *sima ("enclosed area; island") jar twok ("jar, pot") tuki ("cup, saucer [for alcohol]") *toki ("jar") just tamón / tamóyn ("only, just") damwi ("just, about") *tam ("just") late nuc ("is late") noti ("later, afterwards") *nɨc ("is late") loves kwoy ("is loved") kwopwi ("loves") *kopo ("loves it") lurks swúm ("hides, lurks in (of animals)") sum ("lives, resides in") *sum ("lurks, resides") magpie kachí ("magpie") kasa-sagi ("magpie") *kacɨ ("magpie"), + *saŋi ("bird") meshes elk ("binds, ties up, meshes together"), modern korean wolk ("weaves together") or ("weaves") *ər ("ties with string, rope, meshes") mold kwomphwúy ("mildew, mold grows") kabwi ("mildew, mold") *kənpom mother émí / émanim ("mother") omo ("mother") *əmə ("mother") mows kal ("plows it, cultivates it") kar ("mows, harvests it") *kara ("mows it") much manhó ("is many") man ("only, just") mane-si, (s)amane-si ("many times, many") *mana ("much") + *i ("be") now imúy, imuysye ("already") ima ("now") *imaj / *ima ("being interval; now") odor kwusu ("is pleasantly odorous") kusa-si ("is smelly") *kusa ("odor") only spwun ("only, just") sapey ("if only, just") *sapɨn ("only, just") opens akwoy ("hole, place where things come open or come apart") ak ("it opens up") *ak ("it opens") picks up tul ("holds up, raises") tor ("picks up") *tɨr ("picks up") pigeon pitwulí, pitwulki ("pigeon") patwo ("pigeon") *pato ("pigeon") place tóy ("place") te ("place [suffix]") *təj ("place [suffix]") prepares water kóm ("bathes (a bath)") kum ("draws water") *kɨmo ("draws, prepares water") proceeds pek ("is next, is after") poka ("other, besides") *pək ("comes after"), *pəka ("that which has come after") rain *mah ("east-asian rainy season, rain") ama / ame ("rain") *əmaŋ ("rain") raptor may ("eagle; suffix in bird names") mey ("suffix in bird names") *mari ("predatory bird; suffix in bird names") rubs moncí, moní ("strokes, touches it") mom ("kneads, rubs") *məm ("touches, rubs") same kóthó, kót, kotho ("is similar, same") (no) goto si ("is similar, same") *kətə ("same") sea patáh ("sea") wata ("sea") *wat-a ("that which has been crossed; sea") seaweed(1) mól ("seaweed") mo, mey ("seaweed") *mər ("seaweed") section kic ("a divided share") kida / kita ("counter for cuts, sections; measurement of fabric and plots of land") *kinca ("a cut, section") sent out pwonáy ("releases, sends it") panas / panat ("releases it") *pə-na ("see + go out") sets it down swuy ("it rests") suwe ("sets it, sets it down") *suwu ("sets it down") shape kací ("kind, sort, variety") kata ("shape, form") *kacaj / kaca ("shape") shines pozóy ("is shiny, is dazzled") posi ("star") *pəsə ("shines") shuts in kóm ("shuts [the eyes], closes [the eyes]") komor ("is shut inside") *kəmə ("shuts it in) sidelines yehúy / yehoy ("be separated from (a loved one)") yoke ("avoids it, averts it") *jəkə-i ("sidelines; is aside") (simple past tense) ke ("perfective verb marker") ki ("simple past marker") *kə ("past tense verb marker"), < *kə ("comes") situation pa ("place, situation, condition") pa (conditional verb suffix; nominal topic/focus marker) *pa ("place; situation") skewers kwoc ("skewers, stabs it") kwoc ("skewer") kusi ("skewer") *koc ("skewers it"), *koc-i ("a skewer") skin kaphól ("sheath"), kepcil ("bark") kapa ("skin") *kapa ("skin") small bamboo sasól ("bamboo branch, stick for drawing lots") sasa ("bamboo grass, small bamboo") *sasa ("small bamboo") small piece cwokak ("piece, shard") sukwo-si ("little bit") *cok ("is a small piece") snake póyyám / póyam ("snake") peymi ("snake") *pəjami ("snake") soaks through súmúy ("permeates it, soaks through it") some ("dyes it") *sɨmɨ ("it soaks through") sour soy, swuy ("turns sour") suyur ("turns sour") *sɨju ("turns sour") speaks íp ("mouth") ip ("says") *ip ("speaks") spider kemúy ("spider") kumo ("spider") *komo ("spider") splits it kask ("trims, cuts it") sak ("splits it") *sak ("splits it by cutting") stale kwut ("is hard") kutar ("gets old, stale, rotten") *kut ("gets stale, hard") suits for use psú ("uses it") pusap ("suits, is suitable") *pusa ("uses it; suits it for use") sun hóy ("sun; year") ka / key ("day"), koyomi ("calendar") *xəj ("sun") swamp nwup ("swamp, bog") numa ("swamp, bog") *nu ("swamp, wet") swells pulu / pull ("gets full, (stomach) swells") puye ("increases, swells", puyas ("makes it increase") *purɨr ("swells") takes in tothwó ("fights"), thi ("strikes"), tho ("takes in, receives") tatak ("strikes"), tatakap ("fights") *takə ("takes in, receives"), *ta(r)takə ("strikes") that (mesial) so ("the fact, the thing"; complementizer) so ("that [mesial]") *sə ("that [mesial]"; complementizer)) this ku ("that (mesial)") ko ("this (proximal)") *kɨ ("this (proximal)") time period woláy ("long time") wori ("period of time, time") *orɨj ("period of time") time when cek, cey ("time when") toki ("time when") *ceki ("time when") together tamós ("together") tomo ("together; companion") *təmə ("together") + pk *s ("substantive") uproar sa(g)wónaw ("is rough, wild, fierce") sawak ("is noisy, bustling"), sawa'-sawa ("noisy") *sawə ("uproarious") vacant pwuy ("is empty") pima ("open, spare time") *pi ("vacant") valued pum ("matters, bears a connection to") pome ("praises it") *pɨm ("is valued") walks ke:t- ("walks") kati ("walking") *katu ("walks") wasp pátólí ("yellowjacket") pati ("bee") *pator ("wasp") waterlogged mol ("soaks it in liquid") mor ("leaks"), mor ("fills up") *mər ("gets filled with water, water-logged") wears kís ("lapel, collar; outer layer of cloth") ki ("wears on the body") *ki ("wears on the body") weaves pcó ("weaves together") pata ("loom; woven cloth") *pəca ("weaves") wet highland swúp, swuphúl, swúh ("forest") sapa ("swamp, mountain, marsh, glen") *sɨpa ("wet highland") what musúk ("what") musu ("what, which [prenoun])") < *musuk mosi ("perchance"; adverb introducing polar interrogatives) *mɨsɨŋ ("which") whether na ("whether, or, although") na ("whether or, both, and") *na ("whether") wild field nwón ("wet field") nwo ("wild field, plain") *non or *no ("wild field") wishes pólá- ("wishes it") por- ("wishes it") *pə-ara- ("wishes it") woman myenól, myenólí, myenúlí ("daughterinlaw") mye ("woman, wife") < Proto-Japanese *me *me ("woman") wood kuluh ("tree stump") kwi ("tree, wood") < *kəj *kɨr ("wood") word kolochí ("instructs, teaches"), kol ("words, speaking"), ilkhot/l ("calls out") koto ("word; thing"), katar ("tells") *kətə ("word; thing [non-concrete]") wraps cwúm, cwumekwúy ("fist") tum ("grasps, wraps") *cum ("wraps, grasps in hand") Although fewer in number, there have been also comparisons between stages other than Old Japanese and Middle Korean: Keyword Koreanic Japonic Proposed Proto-Japanese-Korean (negative) aní (verbal negative; negative copula) PJ *an (verbal negative) *an (negative) deep NK phwuk ("deeply, fully") OJ puka si ("is deep") *puka ("deep") numb ENK kwop ("is numb, stiff from cold") OJ kopor ("freezes") *kəpə ("is numb") slope ENK swok ("droops, becomes slanted down") OJ saka ("down slope") *səka ("slope") soaks ENK chwuk ("gets wet") OJ tuke ("soaks it") *cuku ("soaks") traps ENK kali ("fish trap") OJ kar ("traps, hunts, catches an animal") *kara ("traps, hunts") ground MK mith ("base, bottom") PJ *mita ("ground, dry earth") *mita ("ground") (kin prefix) PK *a ("kinship prefix") OJ a ("my; kinship prefix") *a ("my; kinship prefix") land PK *na ("land, ground") pre-OJ *na ("earth, land") *na ("land, ground") deceived MK swok ("is deceived"), swokí ("deceives it") MJ sukas ("deceives it") *sok ("is deceived") dreams MJ skwú ("dreams") MJ suk ("is infatuated, has passion"), suki ("refinement; lust, passion") *sɨku ("fantasizes, idealizes") In addition to the above, there may be a relation between the words for morning (朝, asa; 아침, achim). A historical variant in Korean may have been pronounced "asa" (see: Asadal).

References

Grammar

Under the Grammar heading it states: Korean and Japanese both have an agglutinative morphology in which verbs may function as prefixes - shouldn't "prefixes" here be "adjectives"? I've not viewed the citation, but my knowledge of Korean makes me somewhat doubt this claim. Leasnam (talk) 04:04, 15 August 2022 (UTC)

Mention of DPRK (North Korea) phasing out of Hanja

according to Hanja it is mentioned that the DPRK uses more Hanja than the ROK, which is strange because its mentioned here that they've been completely phrased out. 2603:7000:D039:B258:DE83:8D1B:6FE2:7922 (talk) 12:29, 16 March 2023 (UTC)

The other article makes no such claim. It asserts that Hanja has not been officially used in North Korea since 1949. –LaundryPizza03 (dc̄) 18:45, 16 March 2023 (UTC)