Jump to content

Political career of Donald Trump

Add links
Extended-protected article
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This article is part of
a series about
Donald Trump
Business and personal
45th & 47th President of the
United States
Tenure
Policies
Appointments
Presidential campaigns
Impeachments
Civil and criminal prosecutions
COVID-19 pandemic
Donald Trump's signature
Seal of the President of the United States

From 2017 through 2021, Donald Trump was the 45th president of the United States; he is the only American president to have no political or military service prior to his presidency, as well as the first to be charged and convicted with a felony after leaving office. In scholarly surveys he is ranked among history's worst when compared to other presidents of the United States.[1][2]

Trump has officially run as a candidate for president four times, in 2000, 2016, 2020, and 2024; he also unofficially campaigned in 2012 and mulled a run in 2004.[3] He won the 2016 general election through the Electoral College while losing the popular vote to Democratic nominee Hillary Clinton by 2.8 million votes. It was the greatest losing margin in the popular vote of any U.S. president;[4] he was thereby elected the 45th president of the United States on November 8, 2016, and inaugurated on January 20, 2017. He unsuccessfully sought reelection in the 2020 presidential election, losing by 7 million votes to Democratic nominee Joe Biden.[5] Trump is the only U.S. president to have been impeached twice, or to be impeached for incitement of insurrection against the United States, for his role in the failed 2021 United States Capitol attack after losing the 2020 election. One representative survey of presidential experts rated Trump last in overall ability, background, integrity, intelligence, and executive appointments, and next to last in party leadership, relationship to congress, and ability to compromise.[6] Among the American public, Trump's average 41 percent approval rating was the lowest of any president since Gallup began polling, and he left office with a 34 percent approval rating and 62 percent disapproval rating in his final polls.[7]

Trump's overt political activity started with his publicly suggesting a run for president in the late 1980s. Ever since, Trump maintained a steady interest in politics, though he was not always considered a serious candidate. Trump has spoken at the Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC) multiple times, with his first appearance in 2012; Trump gained increasing political notoriety with the public for his promotion of the racist birtherism conspiracy theory during this period, which has been described as having had "essentially launched his current political career."[8][9] From 2013 to 2015, Trump continued to make political headlines but was still polling low and not taken seriously by analysts. Trump became the 2016 Republican nominee for president of the United States after beating sixteen other candidates during a controversial campaign that drew praise and support from foreign dictatorships, domestic white nationalists, and the global far right. The New Yorker said a key cause for Trump's victory in the GOP primary was that "Despite having demonstrated political cunning in the course of dispatching his sixteen rivals, he has managed to convince many Republican voters that he isn’t a politician at all."[10] He became president as a result of winning the 2016 presidential election's electoral college, making him the fifth person to be elected president but lose the popular vote. U.S. Intelligence officials later determined that the Government of the Russian Federation had illegally intervened in the election to aid Trump's victory.[11] There was a large amount of cabinet and staff turnover in Trump's presidency, unprecedented in modern American history.[12] There were numerous allegations of misconduct by Trump resulting in investigations by Congress and Special Council, as well as two impeachments. He was president at the time of the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic.

On June 18, 2019, Trump announced that he would seek re-election in the 2020 presidential election. The election on November 3 was not called for either candidate for several days; on November 7, the Associated Press—along with major TV networks including CNN, ABC News, CBS News, NBC News, and Fox News—called the race for Joe Biden. Trump refused to concede, despite the final election results not being close, and the administration did not begin cooperating with president-elect Biden's transition team until November 23. With one week remaining in his presidency, Trump was impeached by the House of Representatives for incitement of insurrection for his actions during the January 6 coup and attack on the United States Capitol, but was acquitted in the Republican-controlled Senate because the 57–43 vote in favor of convicting him fell short of the 2/3 supermajority (67 out of 100 senators) required for conviction.[13] Trump continues to push the false idea that he is still the true president of the United States, which has led to ongoing controversy within the Republican party.

There are four major ongoing criminal investigations into Trump's criminal activity while in office.[14][15] The chairman of Trump's presidential campaign, Paul Manafort; his chief political strategist, Steve Bannon; and his campaign counsel, Michael Cohen, have all been since sentenced to prison for various criminal acts connected to Trump's campaign and presidency.[16][17][18] At least 8 other members of Trump's campaign have been charged with the commission of federal crimes.[19]

Political party changes

Trump's political party affiliation has changed numerous times. He registered as a Republican in Manhattan, New York in 1987, switched to the Reform Party in 1999, the Democratic Party in 2001, and back to the Republican Party in 2009.[20]

1988 presidential election

Trump first floated the idea of running for president in 1987,[21] placing full-page advertisements in three major newspapers, proclaiming "America should stop paying to defend countries that can afford to defend themselves."[22] The advertisements advocated for "reducing the budget deficit, working for peace in Central America, and speeding up nuclear disarmament negotiations with the Soviet Union".[23] DCCC chair Rep. Beryl Anthony Jr. told The New York Times that "the message Trump has been preaching is a Democratic message." Asked whether rumors of a presidential candidacy were true, Trump denied being a candidate but said, "I believe that if I did run for President, I'd win."[23] In 1988, he approached Lee Atwater asking to be put into consideration as Republican nominee George H. W. Bush's running mate. Bush found the request "strange and unbelievable."[24] According to a Gallup poll in December 1988, Trump was the tenth most admired man in America.[25][26]

2000 presidential campaign

Main article: Donald Trump 2000 presidential campaign

In 1999, Trump formed an exploratory committee to seek the nomination of the Reform Party for the 2000 presidential election.[27][28] A July 1999 poll matching him against likely Republican nominee George W. Bush and likely Democratic nominee Al Gore showed Trump with seven percent support.[29] Trump eventually dropped out of the race, but still went on to win the Reform Party primaries in California and Michigan.[28][30] After his run, he left the party due to the involvement of David Duke, Pat Buchanan, and Lenora Fulani.[27] He also considered running for president in 2004.[31] In 2008, after endorsing Democrat Hillary Clinton in the primary, he endorsed Republican John McCain for president in the general election.[32][33]

2012 presidential election

Trump speaking at the Conservative Political Action Conference, February 2011

Trump publicly speculated about running for president in the 2012 election, and made his first speaking appearance at the Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC) in February 2011. The speech is credited for helping kick-start his political career within the Republican Party.[34] On May 16, 2011, Trump announced he would not run for president in the 2012 election, putting an end to what he described as "unofficially campaigning".[3] In February 2012, Trump endorsed Mitt Romney for president.[35]

Trump's presidential ambitions were generally not taken seriously at the time.[36] Trump's moves were interpreted by some media as possible promotional tools for his reality show The Apprentice.[3][37][38] Before the 2016 election, The New York Times speculated that Trump "accelerated his ferocious efforts to gain stature within the political world" after the then U.S. president Barack Obama lampooned him at the White House Correspondents' Association Dinner in April 2011.[39]

In 2011, according to Evan Jones, the headmaster of the New York Military Academy at the time, the then-superintendent Jeffrey Coverdale had demanded Trump's academic records, to hand them over to "prominent, wealthy alumni of the school who were Mr. Trump's friends" at their request. Coverdale said he had refused to hand over Trump's records to trustees of the school, and instead sealed Trump's records on campus. Jones said: "It was the only time in my education career that I ever heard of someone's record being removed." Coverdale further said: "It's the only time I ever moved an alumnus's records." The incident reportedly happened days after Trump demanded Obama's academic records.[40]

Political activities between 2013–2015

In 2013, Trump spoke at CPAC again;[41] he railed against illegal immigration, bemoaned Obama's "unprecedented media protection", advised against harming Medicare, Medicaid, and Social Security, and suggested that the government "take" Iraq's oil and use the proceeds to pay a million dollars each to families of dead soldiers.[42][43]

In October 2013, New York Republicans circulated a memo suggesting Trump should run for governor of the state in 2014 against Andrew Cuomo. Trump responded that while New York had problems and its taxes were too high, he was not interested in the governorship.[44] A February 2014 Quinnipiac poll had shown Trump losing to the more popular Cuomo by 37 points in a hypothetical election.[45]

2016 presidential campaign

Main article: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

Republican primaries

See also: 2016 Republican Party presidential primaries
Trump speaking behind a brown wooden podium, wearing a dark blue suit and a red tie. The podium sports a blue "TRUMP" sign.
Trump campaigning in Laconia, New Hampshire, July 2015

On June 16, 2015, Trump announced his candidacy for President of the United States at Trump Tower in Manhattan. In the speech, Trump discussed illegal immigration, offshoring of American jobs, the U.S. national debt, and Islamic terrorism, which all remained large priorities during the campaign. He also announced his campaign slogan would be to "Make America Great Again".[46][47] Trump said his wealth would make him immune to pressure from campaign donors.[48] He declared that he was funding his own campaign;[49] according to The Atlantic, "Trump's claims of self-funding have always been dubious at best and actively misleading at worst."[50]

Much of Trump's campaign centered on his promise that, if elected president, he would build a border wall on the United States–Mexico border, a campaign promise which he never fulfilled. In the primaries, Trump was one of seventeen candidates for the 2016 Republican nomination. At the time, this was the largest presidential field in American history.[51] Trump's campaign was initially not taken seriously by political analysts, but he quickly rose to the top of opinion polls.[52] The New Yorker attributed Trump's clinching of the Republican nomination largely to the party base's "general disgust with professional politicians" and Trump's ability to distinguish himself from traditional Republican politicians.[10]

On Super Tuesday, Trump received the most votes, and he remained the front-runner throughout the primaries. By March 2016, Trump was poised to win the Republican nomination.[53] Following a landslide win in Indiana on May 3, 2016 – which prompted the remaining candidates Ted Cruz and John Kasich to suspend their presidential campaigns – RNC chairman Reince Priebus declared Trump the presumptive Republican nominee.[54]

General election campaign

After becoming the presumptive Republican nominee, Trump shifted his focus to the general election. Trump began campaigning against Hillary Clinton, who became the presumptive Democratic nominee on June 6, 2016. Clinton had established a significant lead over Trump in national polls throughout most of 2016. In early July, Clinton's lead narrowed in national polling averages following the FBI's re-opening of its investigation into her then ongoing email controversy.[55][56]

Donald Trump and his running mate for vice president, Mike Pence. They appear to be standing in front of a huge screen with the colors of the American flag displayed on it. Trump is at left, facing toward the viewer and making "thumbs-up" gestures. Pence is at right, facing Trump and clapping.
Candidate Trump and running mate Mike Pence at the Republican National Convention, July 2016

On July 15, 2016, Trump announced his selection of Indiana governor Mike Pence as his running mate.[57] Four days later, the two were officially nominated by the Republican Party at the Republican National Convention.[58] The list of convention speakers and attendees included former presidential nominee Bob Dole, but the other prior nominees did not attend.[59][60]

On September 26, 2016, Trump and Clinton faced off in their first presidential debate, which was held at Hofstra University in Hempstead, New York.[61] The second presidential debate was held at Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri. The beginning of that debate was dominated by references to a recently leaked tape of Trump making sexually explicit comments, which Trump countered by referring to alleged sexual misconduct on the part of Bill Clinton. Prior to the debate, Trump had invited four women who had accused Bill Clinton of impropriety to a press conference. The final presidential debate was held on October 19 at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas. Trump's refusal to say whether he would accept the result of the election, regardless of the outcome, drew particular attention, with some saying it undermined democracy.[62][63]

Political positions

Main article: Political positions of Donald Trump

Trump's campaign platform emphasized renegotiating U.S.–China relations and free trade agreements such as NAFTA and the Trans-Pacific Partnership, strongly enforcing immigration laws, and building a new wall along the U.S.–Mexico border. His other campaign positions included pursuing energy independence while opposing climate change regulations such as the Clean Power Plan and the Paris Agreement, modernizing and expediting services for veterans, repealing and replacing the Affordable Care Act, abolishing Common Core education standards, investing in infrastructure, simplifying the tax code while reducing taxes for all economic classes, and imposing tariffs on imports by companies that offshore jobs. During the campaign, he also advocated a largely non-interventionist approach to foreign policy while increasing military spending, extreme vetting, or banning immigrants from Muslim-majority countries,[64] in order to pre-empt domestic Islamic terrorism, and aggressive military action against the Islamic State. During the campaign, Trump repeatedly called NATO "obsolete".[65][66]

His political positions have been described as populist,[67][68][69] and some of his views cross party lines. For example, his economic campaign plan calls for large reductions in income taxes and deregulation,[70] consistent with Republican Party policies, along with significant infrastructure investment,[71] usually considered a Democratic Party policy.[72][73] According to political writer Jack Shafer, Trump may be a "fairly conventional American populist when it comes to his policy views" but attracts free media attention, sometimes by making outrageous comments.[74][75] Trump has supported or leaned toward varying political positions over time.[76][77][78] Politico described his positions as "eclectic, improvisational and often contradictory",[78] while NBC News counted "141 distinct shifts on 23 major issues" during his campaign.[79]

Campaign rhetoric

See also: False or misleading statements by Donald Trump

In his campaign, Trump said he disdained political correctness; he also said the media had intentionally misinterpreted his words, and he made other claims of adverse media bias.[80][81][82] In part due to his fame, and due to his willingness to say things other candidates would not, and because a candidate who is gaining ground automatically provides a compelling news story, Trump received an unprecedented amount of free media coverage during his run for the presidency, which elevated his standing in the Republican primaries.[83]

Fact-checking organizations have denounced Trump for making a record number of false statements compared to other candidates.[84][85][86] At least four major publications – Politico, The Washington Post, The New York Times, and the Los Angeles Times – have pointed out lies or falsehoods in his campaign statements, with the Los Angeles Times saying that "Never in modern presidential politics has a major candidate made false statements as routinely as Trump has".[87] NPR said Trump's campaign statements were often opaque or suggestive.[88]

Trump's penchant for hyperbole is believed to have roots in the New York real estate scene, where Trump established his wealth and where puffery abounds.[89] Trump adopted his ghostwriter's phrase "truthful hyperbole" to describe his public speaking.[89][90]

Support from the far right

According to Michael Barkun, the Trump campaign was remarkable for bringing fringe ideas, beliefs, and organizations into the mainstream.[91] During his presidential campaign, Trump was accused of pandering to white supremacists.[92][93][94] He retweeted open racists,[95][96] and repeatedly refused to condemn David Duke, the Ku Klux Klan or white supremacists, in an interview on CNN's State of the Union, saying he would first need to "do research" because he knew nothing about Duke or white supremacists.[97][98] Duke himself enthusiastically supported Trump throughout the 2016 primary and election, and has said he and like-minded people voted for Trump because of his promises to "take our country back".[99][100] Trump was later reported to have praised Adolf Hitler to his chief of staff John Kelly, opining that "Hitler did a lot of good things," and also reportedly kept a volume of Hitler's speeches on his bedside cabinet when he was younger, and was often compared to Hitler in the media during his 2016 campaign.[101][102][103][104][105] After repeated questioning by reporters, Trump said he disavowed David Duke and the KKK.[106] Trump said on MSNBC's Morning Joe: "I disavowed him. I disavowed the KKK. Do you want me to do it again for the 12th time? I disavowed him in the past, I disavow him now."[106]

The alt-right movement coalesced around Trump's candidacy,[107] due in part to its opposition to multiculturalism and immigration.[108][109][110] Members of the alt-right enthusiastically supported Trump's campaign.[111] In August 2016, he appointed Steve Bannon – the executive chairman of Breitbart News – as his campaign CEO; Bannon described Breitbart News as "the platform for the alt-right".[112] In an interview days after the election, Trump condemned supporters who celebrated his victory with Nazi salutes.[113][114]

Financial disclosures

As a presidential candidate, Trump disclosed details of his companies, assets, and revenue sources to the extent required by the FEC. His 2015 report listed assets above $1.4 billion and outstanding debts of at least $265 million.[115][116] The 2016 form showed little change.[117]

Trump has not released his tax returns, contrary to the practice of every major candidate since 1976 and breaking his promise in 2014 to release them if he ran for office.[118] He said his tax returns were being audited, and his lawyers had advised him against releasing them.[119] Trump has told the press his tax rate was none of their business, and that he tries to pay "as little tax as possible".[120]

In October 2016, portions of Trump's state filings for 1995 were leaked to a reporter from The New York Times. They show that Trump declared a loss of $916 million that year, which could have let him avoid taxes for up to 18 years. During the second presidential debate, Trump acknowledged using the deduction, but declined to provide details such as the specific years it was applied.[121]

On March 14, 2017, the first two pages of Trump's 2005 federal income tax returns were leaked to MSNBC. The document states that Trump had a gross adjusted income of $150 million and paid $38 million in federal taxes. The White House confirmed the authenticity of the documents.[122][123]

On April 3, 2019, the House Ways and means committee made a formal request to the Internal Revenue Service for Trump's personal and business tax returns from 2013 to 2018, setting a deadline of April 10.[124] That day, Treasury secretary Steven Mnuchin said the deadline would not be met,[125] and the deadline was extended to April 23, which also was not honored,[126] and on May 6 Mnuchin said the request would be denied.[127] On May 10, 2019, committee chairman Richard Neal subpoenaed the Treasury Department and the IRS for the returns and seven days later the subpoenas were defied.[128][129] A fall 2018 draft IRS legal memo asserted that Trump must provide his tax returns to Congress unless he invokes executive privilege, contradicting the administration's justification for defying the earlier subpoena.[130] Mnuchin asserted the memo actually addressed a different matter.[131]

Election to the presidency

Main article: 2016 United States presidential election
2016 electoral vote results

On November 8, 2016, Trump received 306 pledged electoral votes versus 232 for Clinton. The official counts were 304 and 227 respectively, after defections on both sides.[132] Trump received nearly 2.9 million fewer popular votes than Clinton, which made him the fifth person to be elected president while losing the popular vote.[133][a] Clinton was ahead nationwide with 65,853,514 votes (48.18%) to 62,984,828 votes (46.09%).[136]

Trump's victory was considered a stunning political upset by most observers, as polls had consistently showed Hillary Clinton with a nationwide – though diminishing – lead, as well as a favorable advantage in most of the competitive states. Trump's support had been modestly underestimated throughout his campaign,[137] and many observers blamed errors in polls, partially attributed to pollsters overestimating Clinton's support among well-educated and nonwhite voters, while underestimating Trump's support among white working-class voters.[138] The polls were relatively accurate,[139] but media outlets and pundits alike showed overconfidence in a Clinton victory despite a large number of undecided voters and a favorable concentration of Trump's core constituencies in competitive states.[140]

Trump won 30 states, including Michigan, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin, which had been considered a blue wall of Democratic strongholds since the 1990s. Clinton won 20 states and the District of Columbia. Trump's victory marked the return of a Republican White House combined with control of both chambers of Congress.

Trump is the wealthiest president in U.S. history, even after adjusting for inflation,[141] and at the time of his inauguration, the oldest person to take office as president.[b][142] He is also the first president who did not serve in the military or hold elective or appointed government office prior to being elected.[143][144][145] Of the 43[c] previous presidents, 38 had held prior elective office, two had not held elective office but had served in the Cabinet, and three had never held public office but had been commanding generals.[145]

Presidency

Main articles: First presidency of Donald Trump and Second presidency of Donald Trump
President Trump receives a briefing on COVID-19 in the White House Situation Room.

Expert scholarly analysis of Trump's first presidency by presidential historians has generally ranked Trump's tenure as among history's worst; for example, the first major scholarly survey on presidential rankings after he left office ranked Trump 41st out of 44, ahead of only James Buchanan, Andrew Johnson, and Franklin Pierce.[1]

Donald Trump and his family received more than 100 gifts from foreign nations with net value of nearly $300,000, which they failed to explain. A House Oversight Committee report by the Democrats exposed the details of numerous gifts received by the Trump family. Saudi Arabia gave 16 gift items worth $45,000, while India gave 17 precious gift items worth $47,000. The Foreign Gifts and Decorations Act mandates the US president and his family to not receive gifts of more than $415 value. Besides, the expensive gifts are supposed to be disclosed and received on behalf of the US, and must be turned over to the National Archives.[147][148]

Protests

Main article: Protests against Donald Trump
Women's March in Washington on January 21, 2017, a day after the inauguration

Some rallies during the primary season were accompanied by protests or violence, including attacks on Trump supporters and vice versa both inside and outside the venues.[149][150][151] Trump's election victory sparked protests across the United States, in opposition to his policies and his inflammatory statements. Trump initially said on Twitter that these were "professional protesters, incited by the media", and were "unfair", but he later tweeted, "Love the fact that the small groups of protesters last night have passion for our great country."[152][153]

In the weeks following Trump's inauguration, massive anti-Trump demonstrations took place, such as the Women Marches, which gathered 2,600,000 people worldwide,[154] including 500,000 in Washington alone.[155] Marches against his travel ban began across the country on January 29, 2017, just nine days after his inauguration.[156]

2020 presidential campaign

Main article: Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign

Trump signaled his intention to run for a second term by filing with the FEC within a few hours of assuming the presidency.[157] This transformed his 2016 election committee into a 2020 reelection one.[158] Trump marked the official start of the campaign with a rally in Melbourne, Florida, on February 18, 2017, less than a month after taking office.[159] By January 2018, Trump's reelection committee had $22 million in hand,[160] and it had raised a total amount exceeding $67 million by December 2018.[161] $23 million was spent in the fourth quarter of 2018, as Trump supported various Republican candidates for the 2018 midterm elections.[162]

2020 election defeat to Joe Biden

Main article: 2020 United States presidential election
2020 electoral vote results

On November 3, 2020, Trump lost re-election to Democratic nominee and former vice president Joe Biden. Trump received 232 electoral votes to Biden's 306. Trump received 74,216,154 in the popular vote to Biden's 81,268,924.

2024 presidential campaign

Main article: Donald Trump 2024 presidential campaign

Confirmation of intention to run for a second term

On November 15, 2022, at his Mar-a-Lago residence, one week after the 2022 midterm elections, Trump became the first major candidate to declare a campaign for the 2024 presidential election.[163]

Confirmed Republican Nominee

On 15 July 2024, the United States Republican Party selected Trump and JD Vance the party's nominees for president and vice president in the 2024 United States presidential election.[164] Trump formally accepted the nomination on 19 July 2024.[165]

Defeating Kamala Harris and winning a non-consecutive second presidential term

Trump went on to win the election held on 5 November 2024, defeating the Democratic nominee and incumbent Vice President Kamala Harris, and is due to become the second US president in history to serve two non-consecutive terms after Grover Cleveland.[166][167]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Records on this matter date from the year 1824. The number "five" includes the elections of 1824, 1876, 1888, 2000, and 2016. Despite their similarities, some of these five elections had peculiar results; e.g. John Quincy Adams trailed in both the national popular vote and the electoral college in 1824 (since no one had a majority in the electoral college, Adams was chosen by the House of Representatives), and Samuel Tilden in 1876 remains the only losing candidate to win an actual majority of the popular vote (rather than just a plurality).[134][135]
  2. ^ Joe Biden became the oldest president to take office in 2021.
  3. ^ Grover Cleveland was the 22nd and 24th president.[146]

Cited works

  • Gallup, George Jr. (1990). The Gallup Poll: Public Opinion 1989. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-0-8420-2344-3.
  • Kranish, Michael; Fisher, Marc (2017) [First published 2016]. Trump Revealed: The Definitive Biography of the 45th President. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-1-5011-5652-6.
  • Trump, Donald J.; Schwartz, Tony (2009) [First published 1987]. Trump: The Art of the Deal. Random House. ISBN 978-0-446-35325-0.

References

  1. ^ a b "Total Scores/Overall Rankings | C-SPAN Survey on Presidents 2021 | C-SPAN.org". www.c-span.org. Retrieved February 27, 2023.
  2. ^ College, Siena. "Siena's 6th Presidential Expert Poll 1982 - 2018 – Siena College Research Institute". Scri.siena.edu. Retrieved June 11, 2022.
  3. ^ a b c "Trump not running for president". CNN. May 16, 2011. Archived from the original on August 5, 2011. Retrieved May 16, 2011.
  4. ^ "Donald Trump has lost the popular vote by more than any president in US history". Independent.co.uk. December 13, 2016.
  5. ^ "Official 2020 Presidential General Election Results" (PDF). fec.gov. Retrieved January 21, 2024.
  6. ^ College, Siena. "Siena's 6th Presidential Expert Poll 1982 - 2018 – Siena College Research Institute". Scri.siena.edu. Retrieved June 11, 2022.
  7. ^ "Last Trump Job Approval 34%; Average is Record-Low 41%". January 18, 2021.
  8. ^ Lopez, German (November 29, 2017). "Trump is still reportedly pushing his racist "birther" conspiracy theory about Obama". Vox. Retrieved September 12, 2024.
  9. ^ Barbaro, Michael (September 16, 2016). "Donald Trump Clung to 'Birther' Lie for Years, and Still Isn't Apologetic". The New York Times.
  10. ^ a b "How Donald Trump Won the G.O.P. Nomination". The New Yorker. May 4, 2016. Retrieved September 24, 2021.
  11. ^ "Declassified report says Putin 'ordered' effort to undermine faith in U.S. election and help Trump". The Washington Post. January 6, 2017. Retrieved June 11, 2022.
  12. ^ Tenpas, Kathryn Dunn (April 13, 2020). "And then there were ten: With 85% turnover across President Trump's A Team, who remains?". Brookings Institution. Retrieved September 24, 2021.
  13. ^ Naylor, Brian (February 9, 2021). "Article of Impeachment Cites Trump's 'Incitement' of Capitol Insurrection". NPR.
  14. ^ Millhiser, Ian (August 19, 2022). "What you need to know about the 4 major criminal probes into Donald Trump". Vox. Retrieved September 12, 2024.
  15. ^ Evans, Gareth (April 29, 2022). "A guide to Donald Trump's four criminal cases". BBC. Retrieved September 12, 2024.
  16. ^ "Michael Cohen ends prison term after Trump-related crimes". Associated Press. November 22, 2021.
  17. ^ "Manafort sentenced to additional 43 months in prison". American Bar Association. March 2019.
  18. ^ "Steve Bannon sentenced to 4 months in prison for flouting House Jan. 6 panel". NPR. Archived from the original on July 5, 2023.
  19. ^ Cillizza, Chris (July 21, 2021). "Analysis: 11 Trump associates have now been charged with crimes. 11! | CNN Politics". CNN. Retrieved September 12, 2024.
  20. ^ Gillin, Joshua (August 24, 2015). "Bush says Trump was a Democrat longer than a Republican 'in the last decade'". PolitiFact. Retrieved March 18, 2017.
  21. ^ "For Donald Trump, the 1980s still hold relevance". The Mercury News. January 2, 2017. Retrieved August 29, 2021.
  22. ^ Oreskes, Michael (September 2, 1987). "Trump Gives a Vague Hint of Candidacy". The New York Times. Retrieved February 17, 2016.
  23. ^ a b Butterfield, Fox (February 12, 1988). "Trump Urged To Head Gala Of Democrats". The New York Times.
  24. ^ Jon Meacham, Destiny and Power: The American Odyssey of George Herbert Walker Bush (2016), p. 326
  25. ^ Kranish & Fisher 2017, p. 3.
  26. ^ Gallup 1990, p. 3.
  27. ^ a b Trump, Donald J. (February 19, 2000). "What I Saw at the Revolution". The New York Times.
  28. ^ a b Winger, Richard (December 25, 2011). "Donald Trump Ran For President in 2000 in Several Reform Party Presidential Primaries". Ballot Access News.
  29. ^ Johnson, Glen. "Donald Trump eyeing a run at the White House". Standard-Speaker. Hazelton, Pennsylvania.
  30. ^ "CA Secretary of State – Primary 2000 – Statewide Totals". ca.gov. Archived from the original on February 16, 2015. Retrieved July 1, 2015.
  31. ^ Travis, Shannon (May 17, 2011). "Was he ever serious? How Trump strung the country along, again". CNN. Retrieved June 7, 2015.
  32. ^ "Donald Trump in 2008: Hillary Clinton would 'make a good president'".
  33. ^ "Trump endorses McCain". CNN. September 18, 2008. Archived from the original on January 16, 2021. Retrieved July 12, 2016.
  34. ^ Belonsky, Andrew (February 10, 2011). "GOProud Leads 'Trump in 2012' Movement at CPAC". Towleroad.com.
  35. ^ "Trump endorses Romney, cites tough China position and electability". Fox News. February 2, 2012.
  36. ^ MacAskill, Ewen (May 16, 2011). "Donald Trump bows out of 2012 US presidential election race". The Guardian. Few U.S. political commentators took his campaign seriously and many suggested he was only in it for the publicity.
  37. ^ Grier, Peter (February 10, 2011). "Donald Trump says he might run for president. Three reasons he won't". The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved April 21, 2011.
  38. ^ Linkins, Jason (February 11, 2011). "Donald Trump Brings His 'Pretend To Run For President' Act To CPAC". The Huffington Post. Retrieved April 21, 2011.
  39. ^ Haberman, Maggie; Burns, Alexander (March 12, 2016). "Donald Trump's Presidential Run Began in an Effort to Gain Stature". The New York Times. Retrieved April 13, 2018.
  40. ^ Fisher, Marc (March 5, 2019). "'Grab that record': How Trump's high school transcript was hidden". The Washington Post. Retrieved June 9, 2019.
  41. ^ Moody, Chris (March 5, 2013). "Donald Trump to address CPAC". Yahoo! News. Retrieved March 6, 2013.
  42. ^ Madison, Lucy (March 15, 2013). "Trump: Immigration reform a "suicide mission" for GOP". CBS News.
  43. ^ Amira, Dan (March 15, 2013). "Photos of Donald Trump Delivering His Self-Aggrandizing CPAC Speech to a Half-Empty Ballroom". New York (magazine).
  44. ^ Spector, Joseph (October 14, 2013). "N.Y. Republicans want Donald Trump to run for governor". USA Today. Retrieved October 31, 2013.
  45. ^ Miller, Jake (February 13, 2014). "Trump trumped by Cuomo in N.Y. governor race, poll finds". CBS News. Retrieved February 9, 2017.
  46. ^ Trump, Donald (June 16, 2015). Here's Donald Trump's Presidential Announcement Speech (Speech). Trump Tower, New York City – via Time. Transcript of full speech
  47. ^ "Donald Trump Presidential Campaign Announcement Full Speech (C-SPAN)" (Video). YouTube. C-SPAN. June 16, 2015. Retrieved June 2, 2018.
  48. ^ Lerner, Adam B. (June 16, 2015). "The 10 best lines from Donald Trump's announcement speech". Politico. Retrieved June 7, 2018.
  49. ^ @realDonaldTrump (September 5, 2015). "By self-funding my campaign, I am not controlled by my donors, special interests or lobbyists. I am only working for the people of the U.S.!" (Tweet). Retrieved June 7, 2018 – via Twitter.
  50. ^ Graham, David A. (May 13, 2016). "The Lie of Trump's 'Self-Funding' Campaign". The Atlantic. Retrieved June 7, 2018.
  51. ^ Linshi, Jack (July 7, 2015). "More People Are Running for Presidential Nomination Than Ever". Time. Retrieved February 14, 2016.
  52. ^ Reeve, Elspeth (October 27, 2015). "How Donald Trump Evolved From a Joke to an Almost Serious Candidate". The New Republic. Retrieved July 23, 2018.
  53. ^ Bump, Philip (March 23, 2016). "Why Donald Trump is poised to win the nomination and lose the general election, in one poll". The Washington Post.
  54. ^ Nussbaum, Matthew (May 3, 2016). "RNC Chairman: Trump is our nominee". Politico. Retrieved May 4, 2016.
  55. ^ Hartig, Hannah; Lapinski, John; Psyllos, Stephanie (July 19, 2016). "Poll: Clinton and Trump Now Tied as GOP Convention Kicks Off". NBC News. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
  56. ^ "2016 General Election: Trump vs. Clinton". The Huffington Post. Archived from the original on October 2, 2016. Retrieved October 3, 2016.
  57. ^ Levingston, Ivan (July 15, 2016). "Donald Trump officially names Mike Pence for VP". CNBC.
  58. ^ "Trump closes the deal, becomes Republican nominee for president". Fox News. July 19, 2016.
  59. ^ Timm, Jane C. (July 17, 2016). "9 Elephants in the Room at RNC: Who's Missing From the Speakers List". NBC News. Retrieved August 16, 2016.
  60. ^ Raju, Manu (May 5, 2016). "Flake, McCain split over backing Trump". CNN. Retrieved May 7, 2016.
  61. ^ "2016 Presidential Debate Schedule". September 23, 2015. Retrieved September 30, 2016.
  62. ^ "US presidential debate: Trump won't commit to accept election result". BBC News. October 20, 2016. Retrieved October 27, 2016.
  63. ^ "How US media reacted to the third presidential debate". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. October 20, 2016. Retrieved October 27, 2016.
  64. ^ "Trump's promises before and after election". BBC Online. September 19, 2017.
  65. ^ Johnson, Jenna (April 12, 2017). "Trump on NATO: 'I said it was obsolete. It's no longer obsolete.'". The Washington Post. Retrieved November 26, 2019.
  66. ^ Edwards, Jason A. (2018). "Make America Great Again: Donald Trump and Redefining the U.S. Role in the World". Communication Quarterly. 66 (2): 176. doi:10.1080/01463373.2018.1438485. ISSN 0146-3373. S2CID 149040989. On the campaign trail, Trump repeatedly called North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) 'obsolete'
  67. ^ Muller, Jan-Werner (2016). What Is Populism?. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 101. ISBN 978-0-8122-9378-4.
  68. ^ Kazin, Michael (March 22, 2016). "How Can Donald Trump and Bernie Sanders Both Be 'Populist'?". The New York Times Magazine.
  69. ^ Becker, Bernie (February 13, 2016). "Trump's 6 populist positions". Politico.
  70. ^ "Tax Reform". Donald J. Trump for president website. Archived from the original on January 4, 2016. Retrieved January 6, 2016.
  71. ^ Ehrenfreund, Max (December 16, 2015). "Liberals will love something Donald Trump said last night". The Washington Post.
  72. ^ Sharman, Jon (December 21, 2016). "Democrats can finally agree with Donald Trump on something". The Independent. Retrieved December 21, 2016.
  73. ^ Williams, Mason B. (January 7, 2017). "Would Trump's Infrastructure Plan Fix America's Cities?". The Atlantic.
  74. ^ Shafer, Jack (May 2016). "Did We Create Trump?". Politico. ... Trump's outrageous comments about John McCain, Muslims, the 14th Amendment and all the rest ...
  75. ^ Trump & Schwartz 2009, p. 56.
  76. ^ Fahrenthold, David A. (August 17, 2015). "20 times Donald Trump has changed his mind since June". The Washington Post.
  77. ^ Hensch, Mark (July 12, 2015). "'Meet the Press' tracks Trump's flip-flops". The Hill.
  78. ^ a b Noah, Timothy (July 26, 2015). "Will the real Donald Trump please stand up?". Politico.
  79. ^ Timm, Jane C. "A Full List of Donald Trump's Rapidly Changing Policy Positions". NBC News. Retrieved July 12, 2016.
  80. ^ Walsh, Kenneth T. (August 15, 2016). "Trump: Media Is 'Dishonest and Corrupt'". U.S. News & World Report. 'If the disgusting and corrupt media covered me honestly and didn't put false meaning into the words I say, I would be beating Hillary by twenty percent,' Trump also tweeted Sunday.
  81. ^ Koppel, Ted (July 24, 2016). "Trump: "I feel I'm an honest person"". CBS News. Well, I think that I'm an honest person ... I feel I'm an honest person. And I don't mind being criticized at all by the media, but I do wanna – you know, I do want them to be straight about it.
  82. ^ Blake, Aaron (July 6, 2015). "Donald Trump is waging war on political correctness. And he's losing". The Washington Post.
  83. ^ Cillizza, Chris (June 14, 2016). "This Harvard study is a powerful indictment of the media's role in Donald Trump's rise". The Washington Post.
  84. ^ "The 'King of Whoppers': Donald Trump". FactCheck.org. December 21, 2015.
  85. ^ Holan, Angie Drobnic; Qiu, Linda (December 21, 2015). "2015 Lie of the Year: the campaign misstatements of Donald Trump". PolitiFact.
  86. ^ Farhi, Paul (February 26, 2016). "Think Trump's wrong? Fact checkers can tell you how often. (Hint: A lot.)". The Washington Post.
  87. ^ Stelter, Brian (September 26, 2016). "The weekend America's newspapers called Donald Trump a liar". CNN.
  88. ^ McCammon, Sarah (August 10, 2016). "Donald Trump's controversial speech often walks the line". NPR. Many of Trump's opaque statements seem to rely on suggestion and innuendo.
  89. ^ a b Flitter, Emily; Oliphant, James (August 28, 2015). "Best president ever! How Trump's love of hyperbole could backfire". Reuters.
  90. ^ Konnikova, Maria (January 20, 2017). "Trump's Lies vs. Your Brain". Politico. Retrieved March 31, 2018.
  91. ^ Barkun, Michael (2017). "President Trump and the Fringe". Terrorism and Political Violence. 29 (3): 437. doi:10.1080/09546553.2017.1313649. ISSN 1556-1836. S2CID 152199771.
  92. ^ Lopez, German (August 14, 2017). "We need to stop acting like Trump isn't pandering to white supremacists". Vox. Retrieved January 2, 2018.
  93. ^ Blow, Charles M. (September 18, 2017). "Is Trump a White Supremacist?". The New York Times.
  94. ^ Kharakh, Ben; Primack, Dan (March 22, 2016). "Donald Trump's Social Media Ties to White Supremacists". Fortune.
  95. ^ White, Daniel (January 26, 2016). "Trump Criticized for Retweeting Racist Account". Time.
  96. ^ "White Nationalists and the Alt-Right Celebrate Trump's Victory". Southern Poverty Law Center. November 9, 2016. Retrieved November 10, 2016.
  97. ^ Chan, Melissa (February 28, 2016). "Donald Trump Refuses to Condemn KKK, Disavow David Duke Endorsement". Time. Retrieved January 20, 2018.
  98. ^ Lozada, Carlos (December 30, 2016). "Donald Trump and the alt-right: A marriage of convenience". The Washington Post. Retrieved March 18, 2017.
  99. ^ Nelson, Libby (August 12, 2017). ""Why we voted for Donald Trump": David Duke explains the white supremacist Charlottesville protests". Vox. Retrieved August 18, 2018.
  100. ^ Cummings, William (August 15, 2017). "Former KKK leader David Duke praises Trump for his 'courage'". USA Today. Retrieved August 18, 2018.
  101. ^ "One Scholar on Similarities, Substantial Differences Between Trump and Hitler". Archived from the original on January 4, 2022. Retrieved May 22, 2022.
  102. ^ "Trump allegedly praised Hitler as doing 'a lot of good things,' new book claims". CNN.
  103. ^ "Trump allegedly praised Hitler as doing 'a lot of good things,' new book claims". July 7, 2021.
  104. ^ "Donald Trump 'kept book of Adolf Hitler's speeches in his bedside cabinet and may have read it for inspiration'". Independent.co.uk. March 20, 2017.
  105. ^ Rosenfeld, Gavriel D. (2019). "An American Führer? Nazi Analogies and the Struggle to Explain Donald Trump". Central European History. 52 (4): 554–587. doi:10.1017/S0008938919000840. S2CID 212950934.
  106. ^ a b Scott, Eugene (March 3, 2016). "Trump denounces David Duke, KKK". CNN.
  107. ^ Ohlheiser, Abby (June 3, 2016). "Anti-Semitic Trump supporters made a giant list of people to target with a racist meme". The Washington Post.
  108. ^ Weigel, David (August 20, 2016). "'Racialists' are cheered by Trump's latest strategy". The Washington Post. Retrieved June 23, 2018.
  109. ^ Krieg, Gregory (August 25, 2016). "Clinton is attacking the 'Alt-Right' – What is it?". CNN. Retrieved August 25, 2016.
  110. ^ Sevastopulo, Demetri. "'Alt-right' movement makes mark on US presidential election". Financial Times.
  111. ^ Hawley, George (2017). Making Sense of the Alt-Right. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-54600-3.
  112. ^ Wilson, Jason (November 15, 2016). "Clickbait scoops and an engaged alt-right: everything to know about Breitbart News". The Guardian. Retrieved November 18, 2016.
  113. ^ "Trump disavows 'alt-right' supporters". BBC Online. November 23, 2016.
  114. ^ "Donald Trump's New York Times Interview: Full Transcript". The New York Times. November 23, 2016.
  115. ^ "Donald Trump wealth details released by federal regulators". Yahoo! News. July 22, 2015. Archived from the original on August 1, 2015. Retrieved August 9, 2015.
  116. ^ "Executive Branch Personnel Public Financial Disclosure Report (U.S. OGE Form 278e)" (PDF). U.S. Office of Government Ethics. July 15, 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 23, 2015 – via Bloomberg Businessweek.
  117. ^ Alesci, Cristina; Frankel, Laurie; Sahadi, Jeanne (May 19, 2016). "A peek at Donald Trump's finances". CNN. Retrieved May 20, 2016.
  118. ^ Rappeport, Alan (May 11, 2016). "Donald Trump Breaks With Recent History by Not Releasing Tax Returns". The New York Times. Retrieved July 19, 2016.
  119. ^ Isidore, Chris; Sahadi, Jeanne (February 26, 2016). "Trump says he can't release tax returns because of audits". CNN. Retrieved February 26, 2016.
  120. ^ Kopan, Tal (May 13, 2016). "Trump on his tax rate: 'None of your business'". CNN.
  121. ^ Eder, Steve; Twohey, Megan (October 10, 2016). "Donald Trump Acknowledges Not Paying Federal Income Taxes for Years". The New York Times.
  122. ^ Baker, Peter; Drucker, Jesse; Craig, Susanne; Barstow, David (March 15, 2017). "Trump Wrote Off $100 Million in Business Losses in 2005". The New York Times. Retrieved March 15, 2017.
  123. ^ Jagoda, Naomi. "WH releases Trump tax info ahead of MSNBC report: He paid $38M in federal taxes in '05". The Hill. Retrieved March 15, 2017.
  124. ^ Gordon, Marcy (April 4, 2019). "House chairman asks IRS for 6 years of Trump's tax returns". AP News.
  125. ^ Stein, Jeff; Paletta, Damian (April 10, 2019). "Treasury says it will miss Democrats' deadline for turning over Trump tax returns, casts skepticism over request". The Washington Post.
  126. ^ Lorenzo, Aaron (April 23, 2019). "IRS blows deadline to hand over Trump tax returns". Politico.
  127. ^ Rappeport, Alan (May 6, 2019). "Steven Mnuchin Refuses to Release Trump's Tax Documents to Congress". The New York Times.
  128. ^ Fandos, Nicholas (May 10, 2019). "House Ways and Means Chairman Subpoenas Trump Tax Records". The New York Times.
  129. ^ Rubin, Richard (May 17, 2019). "Mnuchin Defies Subpoena for President Trump's Tax Returns". The Wall Street Journal.
  130. ^ Stein, Jeff; Dawsey, Josh (May 21, 2019). "Confidential draft IRS memo says tax returns must be given to Congress unless president invokes executive privilege". The Washington Post.
  131. ^ Eckert, Toby (May 22, 2019). "Mnuchin dismisses IRS memo saying Congress must be given Trump's tax returns". Politico.
  132. ^ Schmidt, Kiersten; Andrews, Wilson (December 19, 2016). "A Historic Number of Electors Defected, and Most Were Supposed to Vote for Clinton". The New York Times. Retrieved January 31, 2017.
  133. ^ Desilver, Drew (December 20, 2017). "Trump's victory another example of how Electoral College wins are bigger than popular vote ones". Pew Research Center.
  134. ^ Thomas, G. Scott (2015). Counting the Votes: A New Way to Analyze America's Presidential Elections. ABC-CLIO. p. 125. ISBN 978-1-4408-3883-5.
  135. ^ Cheney, Kyle (December 14, 2016). "Trump lawyer cites 1876 crisis to rebuke Electoral College suit". Politico.
  136. ^ "Official 2016 Presidential General Election Results" (PDF). Federal Election Commission. December 2017. Retrieved February 12, 2018.
  137. ^ Tani, Maxwell (November 9, 2016). "Trump pulls off biggest upset in U.S. history". Politico. Retrieved November 9, 2016.
  138. ^ Cohn, Nate (November 9, 2016). "Why Trump Won: Working-Class Whites". The New York Times. Retrieved November 9, 2016.
  139. ^ Silver, Nate (January 17, 2017). "Can You Trust Trump's Approval Rating Polls?". FiveThirtyEight.
  140. ^ Silver, Nate (September 21, 2017). "The Media Has A Probability Problem". FiveThirtyEight.
  141. ^ Martin, Emmie (January 23, 2017). "Donald Trump is officially the richest US president in history". Business Insider. Retrieved September 9, 2017.
  142. ^ Kurtzlebel, Danielle (June 14, 2016). "It's Trump's Birthday. If He Wins, He'd Be The Oldest President Ever To Take Office". NPR. Retrieved May 3, 2019.
  143. ^ Weber, Peter (November 9, 2016). "Donald Trump will be the first U.S. president with no government or military experience". The Week.
  144. ^ Yomtov, Jesse (November 8, 2016). "Where Trump ranks among least experienced presidents". USA Today.
  145. ^ a b Crockett, Zachary (November 11, 2016). "Donald Trump will be the only US president ever with no political or military experience". Vox. Retrieved January 3, 2017.
  146. ^ "Will Trump Be The 44th Or 45th President? Yes And Yes". NPR. November 10, 2016. Archived from the original on February 7, 2017. Retrieved June 4, 2017.
  147. ^ "Golf clubs and a $24K dagger: Trump failed to report dozens of foreign gifts". The Guardian. March 18, 2023. Retrieved March 18, 2023.
  148. ^ "Trump, family failed to disclose more than 100 foreign gifts, congressional report says". The Hill. March 17, 2023. Retrieved March 17, 2023.
  149. ^ Moyer, Justin Wm.; Starrs, Jenny; Larimer, Sarah (March 11, 2016). "Trump supporter charged after sucker-punching protester at North Carolina rally". The Washington Post. Retrieved August 31, 2016.
  150. ^ Sullivan, Sean; Miller, Michael E. (June 3, 2016). "Ugly, bloody scenes in San Jose as protesters attack Trump supporters outside rally". The Washington Post. Retrieved August 31, 2016.
  151. ^ Diamond, Jeremy (May 28, 2016). "Pro-Trump, anti-Trump groups clash in San Diego". CNN. Retrieved August 31, 2016.
  152. ^ Cummings, William (November 11, 2016). "Trump calls protests 'unfair' in first controversial tweet as president-elect". USA Today. Retrieved November 27, 2016.
  153. ^ Colson, Thomas (November 11, 2016). "Trump says protesters have 'passion for our great country' after calling demonstrations 'very unfair'". Business Insider. Retrieved November 14, 2016.
  154. ^ Przybyla, Heidi M.; Schouten, Fredreka (January 22, 2017). "At 2.6 million strong, Women's Marches crush expectations". USA Today (online ed.). Retrieved January 22, 2017.
  155. ^ Buncombe, Andrew (January 22, 2017). "We asked ten people why they felt empowered wearing a pink 'pussy' hat". The Independent. Retrieved January 15, 2017.
  156. ^ Varkiani, Adrienne Mahsa (January 28, 2017). "Here's your list of all the protests happening against the Muslim Ban". ThinkProgress. Retrieved September 18, 2018.
  157. ^ Westwood, Sarah (January 22, 2017). "Trump hints at re-election bid, vowing 'eight years' of 'great things'". The Washington Examiner. Retrieved February 19, 2017.
  158. ^ Morehouse, Lee (January 31, 2017). "Trump breaks precedent, files as candidate for re-election on first day". Phoenix, Arizona: KTVK. Archived from the original on February 2, 2017. Retrieved February 19, 2017.
  159. ^ Graham, David A. (February 15, 2017). "Trump Kicks Off His 2020 Reelection Campaign on Saturday". The Atlantic. Retrieved February 19, 2017.
  160. ^ McCormick, John; Jacobs, Jennifer (January 31, 2018). "Trump's 2020 Re-Election Committee Has $22.1 Million in the Bank". Bloomberg News. Retrieved March 24, 2018.
  161. ^ "Donald J. Trump for President, Inc. / Presidential – Principal campaign committee / Financial summary". Federal Election Commission. December 31, 2018. Retrieved February 5, 2019.
  162. ^ Donald J. Trump for President, Inc. (January 31, 2019). "FEC Form 3P – Report of receipts and disbursements – Filing FEC-1312481". Federal Election Commission. Retrieved February 5, 2019.
  163. ^ Chen, Shawna (November 16, 2022). "Trump announces 2024 presidential campaign". Axios. Archived from the original on November 16, 2022. Retrieved November 16, 2022.
  164. ^ https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/jul/15/trump-milwaukee-republican-national-convention
  165. ^ https://apnews.com/article/trump-republican-national-convention-nomination-assassination-attempt-5f1f337ac39477e9d1c53d3e027edda3
  166. ^ https://news.sky.com/story/donald-trump-wins-us-election-in-monumental-political-comeback-13249208
  167. ^ https://www.independent.co.uk/news/ap-trump-new-york-cleveland-massachussetts-b2642353.html
Library resources about
Political career of Donald Trump
By Political career of Donald Trump
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Political_career_of_Donald_Trump&oldid=1257748052"